The Church recognized that the earth is round in a year. Flat Earth: not according to Pratchett

To the question In what year did the church officially recognize that the Earth is round? given by the author Elena Yarchevskaya the best answer is The verdict of the trial of Galileo was overturned by the church in 1972. And 20 years later, the Roman Catholic Church, in the person of Pope John Paul II, recognized both the verdict and the process as a mistake.
On October 31, 1992, 359 years after the trial of Galileo Galilei, Pope John Paul II admitted that the persecution that the scientist was subjected to was a mistake: Galileo was not to blame for anything, since the teachings of Copernicus were not heresy. As you know, based on his observations of the sky, Galileo concluded that the heliocentric system of the world (the idea that the Sun is the central celestial body, around which the Earth and other planets revolve), proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, is correct. Since the theory was at odds with the literal reading of some of the psalms, as well as one verse of Ecclesiastes, which speaks of the immobility of the Earth, Galileo was summoned to Rome and demanded to stop her propaganda, and the scientist was forced to comply. Since 1979, Pope John Paul II has been involved in the rehabilitation of Galileo. Now, in one of the gardens of the Vatican, a monument to Galileo Galilei, the Italian physicist and astronomer, will be erected. Thus, the current ministers of the Catholic Church want to apologize for the errors of their predecessors and recognize the merits of the scientist.
In 1990, the sculpture " Earth". The artist, sculptor Arnoldo Pomodoro put into his work a special philosophical meaning. A smaller ball inside a large ball means the planet Earth - our planet, a large ball around it - the universe, which is inextricably linked with the Earth. Mankind, destroying the planet by its actions, destroys the entire universe, thereby inevitably leading to the death of itself. The surface of the ball is deliberately made mirror, so that everyone looking at it sees their own reflection, feels like an integral part of the sculpture and, accordingly, the action depicted with it.
The ban imposed by the Catholic Church on the main work of Copernicus "On conversions celestial spheres", was filmed much earlier - in 1828. But still, he lasted more than two hundred years, which gave many historians of science the right to claim that Rome delayed the spread of the main scientific truth among Catholic believers for two centuries.
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Glandodder
Connoisseur
(330)
Elena, you are in vain admiring. The answer is completely wrong.
The Church has never believed that the Earth is flat and therefore could never give up this idea.
The trial of Galileo had nothing to do with the shape of the Earth. There it was about whether the Sun revolves around the earth or vice versa, as well as insulting the Pope. Moreover, at the first trial, Galileo was acquitted and the future Pope was his lawyer. At the second trial, he was unable to prove the validity of his theory, which was based on false premises. For example, Galileo proved the rotation of the Earth around the Sun by ebbs and flows.

Answer from Segun78rus[guru]
Catholics or Christians in General? Then the Bible still says lines about round earth. That is, Christianity recognized the round earth before scientists came to this conclusion.

Answer from Alexey Nikolaevich[guru]
in 1979, if the sclerosis does not change.

Answer from Renat Zagidulin[guru]
1985

Answer from Janelle[guru]
not so long ago

Answer from Ivanov Ivan[guru]
And contrary to popular belief, the church has never gone into such matters.
The conflict with Galileo and the execution of Bruno had deeper causes - the assertion of the plurality of inhabited worlds...

Answer from Ivan jenev[guru]
Here is the hammer!
Indeed, quite recently, and everyone is taught how to live. The cathedral laws of a thousand years ago poke their noses, and they themselves did not even know that they were living on a ball flying in the universe.

A monument to the Italian physicist, astronomer, philosopher Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), whom the Catholic Church forced to refuse to support the hypothesis that the Earth revolves around the Sun, will be installed in one of the gardens of the Vatican. And today, March 4, in the Florentine Museum of the History of Science, which has genuine Galileo telescopes, the exhibition "The Tool that Changed the World" opens.

So modern hierarchs of the Catholic Church want to publicly apologize for the errors of their predecessors and acknowledge the contribution of the scientist to the development of accurate and natural sciences, according to the British newspaper The Times.

Galileo was universal scientist, author of systemic scientific papers, a professor at two famous universities in Italy and to some extent an opportunistic person, which is necessary for advancement in career ladder at all times. What are the "luminaries of the Medici" worth - the satellites of Jupiter, which Galileo saw through the telescope improved by him and named after the Duke of Tuscany Cosimo II Medici.

Galileo not only demonstrated celestial objects through a telescope to his fellow citizens, but also sent copies of the telescope to the courts of many European rulers. The "luminaries of the Medici" did their job: in 1610, Galileo was approved for life as a professor at the University of Pisa with an exemption from lecturing, and he was assigned three times the salary that he received before. That did not prevent him from entering into various scientific disputes.

In 1632 was published Galileo's book "Dialogue on the two main systems of the world: Ptolemaic and Copernican". At that time, science was dominated by the Ptolemaic system of rotation of the Sun and planets around the Earth (the so-called geocentric system of the world), which was also supported by the Catholic Church. Galileo, on the other hand, justified the Copernican system and was accused by the church of having violated the Inquisition's order of 1616 to ban public propaganda of heliocentrism (a system of the world in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun).

And yet she turns!- allegedly exclaimed Galileo, forced to recant his views, because at public hearings he could not provide any evidence of the scientific correctness of his views (by the way, the first true proof of the Earth's movement appeared in 1748, more than a century after the time of Galileo). True, there is no evidence that Galileo uttered this phrase, which became winged - they say that the myth about it was created and put into circulation in 1757 by the Italian journalist Giuseppe Baretti.

The Inquisition took into account the declining age of the defendant and his humility, therefore freed Galileo from execution and imprisonment. He was sentenced to house arrest, and for 9 years, until his death, was a prisoner of the Inquisition.

Rehabilitation of Galileo studied since 1979 by Pope John Paul II. Under him, in 1992, the Vatican officially recognized that the Earth is not a stationary body and really revolves around the Sun. By the way, before the official statement of the Pope, the Italian Academy of Sciences filed a lawsuit for official rehabilitation Galileo Galilei and Giordano Bruno.

Monument to Galileo it is supposed to be installed near the building where the scientist lived while awaiting trial in 1633 - it was the apartment of the ambassador of Florence in the Vatican. The initiative to install the monument coincided with the start big project, dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the Galilean telescope (with a convex objective and a concave eyepiece). The celebration of this date, formally falling on 2009, will begin this year at four Italian cities- Rome, Pisa, Florence and Padua.

Elena Fedotova, based on www.Lenta.ru and other sources

Select the fragment with the error text and press Ctrl+Enter

“And yet she turns!” This phrase, according to legend, was uttered by Galileo Galilei after the verdict of the Inquisition, was remembered by many in 1992, when the Vatican officially rehabilitated the great scientist. Speaking at a session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, John Paul II acknowledged the mistake that the Catholic Church made almost four centuries ago.

In 1981, the Vatican created a commission to review the Galileo case.
After 8 years, dad went to Pisa, where the great Italian was born.
And finally, the "heretic" was rehabilitated.

The history of the unequal struggle of the recalcitrant scientist with the Catholic dogmatists began in 1613. Galileo's letter to the abbot Castelli dates back to this time, in which he defended the heliocentric system of Copernicus. This document gave rise to a denunciation sent directly to the Congregation of the Holy Office, in other words, the Inquisition. On March 20, 1615, the Dominican Tomaso Cecini declared Galileo's views to be contrary to the Bible, because he dared to assert that the Earth revolves around the Sun. It seemed that the “first mathematician” of the University of Florence could not get away from the auto-da-fé. However, then fate turned out to be favorable to the scientist: one of the inquisitors, either out of laziness or thoughtlessness, did not see in the views of Galileo "a deviation from the Catholic doctrine." But less than a year later, the Inquisition declared the teachings of Copernicus heretical, and his works were included in the "index of forbidden books." Now, for the first time in this story, the sinister figure of Roberto Bellarmino, head of the Holy Office, has appeared. The fact is that the name of Galileo was not named in the decision of the Inquisition. However, he was privately ordered to forget about the theory of Copernicus. Bellarmino himself assumed the burden of "explaining" Galileo his mistakes. In May 1616, the Jesuit cardinal published a letter to a scholar, in which he strongly advised "not to support or defend" the disgraced teachings of a heretic Pole. Galileo was forced to shut up. From under his brilliant pen until 1623, when Cardinal Maffeo Barberini entered the Apostolic throne, not a single line came out. The new pope, who took the name Urban VIII, was considered a friend. Encouraged by the changes in the Vatican, Galileo abandoned the "vow of silence" and wrote his famous "Dialogues on the two main systems of the world - Ptolemaic and Copernican." In this witty work, the scientist, in the form of a conversation between three interlocutors, outlined both theories of the structure of the Universe, presenting the views of Copernicus in the form of one of the hypotheses.

In 1632, after lengthy censorship delays, the book still managed to be published in Florence. But the position of Galileo, of course, could not hide from the gaze of Cardinal Bellarmino. Catholic theologians also got it in his "Dialogue", whose point of view was expressed through the lips of one of the three interlocutors with the eloquent name Simplicio (Simple). Contemporaries saw in this character a hint of the pope himself.

The cup of patience of church dogmatists overflowed: on the personal orders of Urban VIII, the Inquisition called the 69-year-old scientist to Rome. Under plausible pretexts, Galileo tried to play for time, hoping that the inquisitors would leave him alone, but in February 1633 he was forced to appear in court. He was still hoping for something, trying to hide behind the walls of the Florentine embassy on the Roman hill of Pincio. But it was too late. In April, Galileo was taken to the palace of the Holy Office. After four interrogations lasting two and a half months, he renounced the teachings of Copernicus. June 22, 1633 Galileo knelt in public repentance in the Roman church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. His "Dialogue" was banned, and he himself was officially considered a "prisoner of the Inquisition" until the end of his life. At first, he was indeed sentenced to imprisonment, but two days after repentance, the sick old man was transferred to the Roman palace of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo de Medici, who patronized the scientist. For some time Galileo was under the supervision of the archbishop of Siena, and finally, in December 1633, he was allowed to return to his villa Arcetri near Florence. Here, already blind, the scientist died on January 8, 1642. They buried him in the church of Santa Croce, not far from the crypt of Michelangelo. But even the Duke of Tuscany was not allowed to erect a tombstone over the grave of Galileo. Thus ended the first act of this historical drama.

Years passed, and the correctness of Galileo became obvious to many. However, it cannot be said that the Church did not react to this in any way. In 1820, the Galileo case was again brought to light.. Then the attention of Catholic theologians was presented with "Lectures on Astronomy", written by canon Giuseppe Settele, who adhered to heliocentric system. But even at that time, the issue of the admissibility of publishing this book was discussed in the Holy Office for three whole years. Finally, the publication of the lectures was personally authorized by Pope Pius VII. So the Holy See made it clear that the recognition of the fact around the Sun no longer undermines the church doctrines. However, there could be no question of any rehabilitation of Galileo then.

Voices about the need to restore historical justice were heard at the II Vatican Council (1962-1965). Radical hierarchs appealed to the mind of their colleagues in the hope that they would understand the whole unnaturalness of the situation. The verdict in the “Galilean case”, which was not canceled by anyone, frankly speaking, compromised the Vatican in the eyes of scientific world and all the intelligentsia. In an effort to renew the church, the radicals demanded the official rehabilitation of the great scientist. But it took the election of Karol Wojtyla to the papacy for the solution of this problem to become practical.

On November 10, 1979, at the session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth, John Paul II remembered Galileo and made a sensational statement: “I propose that theologians, scientists and historians, in a spirit of sincere cooperation, subject Galileo’s case to an in-depth analysis and impartially admitted mistakes, no matter who made them." Thus, the pope decided to "eliminate the mistrust that this affair still breeds in many souls, by contrasting it with the fruitful harmony between science and faith, between church and world." In other words, the closure of the “Galileo case” was supposed to show the whole world that there is no contradiction between science and religion.

In July 1981, a special commission was created in the Vatican, headed by the chairman of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and Dialogue with Non-believers, Cardinal Paul Poupart. In three years secret archive The Holy See for the first time "declassified" part of the documents relating to the trial of Galileo. By the way, they testified that the scientist was fatally mistaken when Pope Urban VIII appeared under the name Simpleton in the Dialogue.

Next important step was made by John Paul II in September 1989, when he visited Pisa, the homeland of Galileo. But the point in this protracted history was put only at the session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. It happened like once a year 350th anniversary of the death of the great Italian (1992). Here are the words spoken at the session by Cardinal Poupard: “Having condemned Galileo, the Holy Office acted sincerely, fearing that the recognition of the Copernican revolution posed a threat to the Catholic tradition. But that was a mistake, and it must be honestly admitted. Today we know that Galileo was right in defending the theory of Copernicus, although the discussion about his arguments continues to this day..

So, the Catholic Church recognized the correctness of the verdict long passed down by history. But if we ignore the very fact of "posthumous rehabilitation" and turn to the arguments of the Vatican, we can make a number of interesting observations. Paul Poupart, not without reason, refers to the need to protect the "Catholic tradition". After all, the Galilean "Dialogues" appeared precisely at the time when the foundations of the Catholic Church were undermined by the ideology of Protestantism, which was experiencing the rise of the Reformation. Therefore, the zealots of the purity of faith “could not give up principles” and dogmas, which, in their understanding, were inextricably linked with Holy Scripture.

It is noteworthy that Cardinal Poupart emphasized the "sincerity" of the delusions of Inquisitor Bellarmino and at the same time questioned Galileo's arguments from the point of view of recent achievements scientific thought. This position received its logical conclusion in the speech of the pontiff himself. John Paul II recalled that in the time of Galileo it was impossible to imagine, for example, that the world goes far beyond solar system and laws of a completely different order operate in it. At the same time, the pope referred to the discoveries of Einstein. Naturally, all this has nothing to do with the question of the fidelity of the position taken by Galileo, the pontiff noted. This means something else: often, in addition to two biased and opposing views, there is a third - broader, including both of these views and even surpassing them.

What is the main conclusion of the head of the Roman Catholic Church? “There is no contradiction between science and faith,” he said. - The "Case of Galileo" has long served as a symbol of the church's refusal to scientific progress and even its dogmatic obscurantism, opposed to the free search for truth. This myth has led many scientists sincerely to believe that the spirit of science and its research ethics are incompatible with the Christian faith. Such a painful misunderstanding was interpreted as evidence of the opposition of science and faith. Clarifications made as a result of recent historical research, allow us to assert that this painful misunderstanding is now a thing of the past.

It took the church 359 years, 4 months and 9 days to admit its error. “So much time! Amazing! - exclaimed the famous Italian astronomer Margherita Hack. - But even more scandalous and ridiculous is the fact that the commission of the Vatican took 13 years to reach a verdict! For centuries, scientific truth triumphed in the end even without the permission of the church...” Well, it seems that relations are far from idyllic.