Phase resistance smartly. Method for diagnosing the level of "Emotional burnout" B

The isolation of this phase into an independent one is rather conditional. In fact, the resistance to growing stress begins from the moment the alarming tension appears. This is natural: a person consciously or unconsciously strives for psychological comfort, to reduce the pressure of external circumstances with the help of the means at his disposal. The formation of protection with the participation of emotional burnout occurs against the background of the following phenomena:

/. Symptom - inadequate selective emotional response.

An undoubted sign of "burnout" when a professional ceases to catch the difference between two fundamentally different phenomena: an economical manifestation of emotions and an inadequate selective emotional response.

In the first case, we are talking about the developed over time useful skill(we emphasize this circumstance) to connect emotions of a rather limited register and moderate intensity to interaction with business partners: a slight smile, a friendly look, a soft, calm tone of speech, restrained reactions to strong stimuli, concise forms of expressing disagreement, lack of categoricalness, rudeness. This mode of communication can be welcomed, because it indicates a high level of professionalism. It is fully justified in the following cases:

If it does not interfere with the intellectual processing of information that determines the effectiveness of the activity. The economy of emotions does not reduce the "entry" into the partner, that is, the understanding of his states and needs, does not interfere with decision-making and the formulation of conclusions;

If it does not alarm and does not repel the partner;

If, if necessary, gives way to other, adequate forms of response to the situation. For example, a professional; when required, he is able to treat the partner with emphatic politeness, attentiveness, and sincere sympathy.

It is a completely different matter when a professional inadequately "saves" on emotions, limits the emotional return due to selective responses during work contacts. The principle "want or don't want" works: I deem it necessary - I will pay attention to this partner, if there is a mood - I will respond to his condition and needs. Despite the unacceptability of this style of emotional behavior, it is very common. The fact is that most often it seems to a person that he is acting in an acceptable way. However, the subject of communication or an outside observer fixes something else - emotional callousness, impoliteness, indifference.

Inadequate restriction of the range and intensity of the inclusion of emotions in professional communication is interpreted

partners as disrespect for their personality, that is, it goes into the plane of moral assessments.

2. A symptom of emotional and moral disorientation.

It seems to deepen the inadequate reaction in relations with a business partner. Often a professional needs self-justification. Without showing the proper emotional attitude to the subject, he defends his strategy. At the same time, judgments are heard: “this is not the case to worry about,” “such people do not deserve a good attitude,” “you can’t sympathize with such people,” “why should I worry about everyone.”

Such thoughts and assessments indisputably indicate that emotions do not awaken or do not sufficiently stimulate moral feelings. After all, professional activity, built on human communication, knows no exceptions. The doctor has no moral right to divide patients into "good" and "bad". The teacher should not solve the pedagogical problems of the wards at his own choice. Service personnel cannot be guided by personal preferences: "I will serve this client quickly and well, but let this one wait and be nervous."

Unfortunately, in life we often encounter manifestations of emotional and moral disorientation. As a rule, this causes justified indignation, we condemn attempts to divide us into worthy and unworthy of respect. But with the same ease, almost everyone, taking their place in the system of service-personal relations, allows emotional and moral disorientation. In our society, it is customary to fulfill one's duties depending on the mood and subjective preferences, which indicates, if I may say so, an early period in the development of civilization in the field of intersubjective relationships.

3. Symptom - expansion of the sphere of economy of emotions. Such evidence of emotional burnout occurs when this form of protection is carried out outside the professional field - in communication with relatives, friends and acquaintances. A well-known case at work, you get so tired of contacts, conversations, answers to questions that you don’t want to communicate even with loved ones. By the way, it is often the family who become the first "victim" of emotional burnout. In the service, you still adhere to the standards and duties, and at home you close yourself or, worse, are ready to send everyone away, or even simply, “growl” at your marriage partner and children. We can say that you are fed up with human contact. You are experiencing a symptom of "poisoning people."

4. Symptom - reduction of professional duties. The term reduction means simplification In professional activities involving extensive communication with people, reduction manifests itself in attempts to lighten or reduce responsibilities that require emotional costs.

According to the notorious "laws of reduction", we, the subjects of the service sector, treatment, education and upbringing, are deprived of elementary attention. The doctor does not find it necessary to talk with the patient longer, to encourage a detailed presentation of complaints. The anamnesis turns out to be stingy and insufficiently informative. The patient complains of a cough, he "should be listened to with a phonendoscope, asked clarifying questions, but instead of these actions that require the connection of emotions, the doctor is limited to referring to fluorography. The nurse who came to your house to give an injection did not drop a kind word," forgot " give explanations for the reception of the appointment The waiter "does not notice" that you need to change or at least shake off the tablecloth on your table The conductor is in no hurry to offer tea to the passengers The stewardess, communicating with you, looks with "glass eyes" In a word, the reduction of professional duties is customary companion of lack of culture in business contacts.

1 SBEI HPE "Surgut State University of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra"

2 State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra "Surgut State Pedagogical University"

The relationship between the temporal characteristics of the heart rate variability of teachers and the severity of the symptoms of the "resistance" phase of the burnout syndrome was studied. The study involved 217 teachers. It was found that in the groups of teachers surveyed there is a so-called "compensated distress" in the direction of reduced tension. We also determined the general "weak activity" of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system with the predominance of the parasympathetic division, which we consider a characteristic feature of the inhabitants of Ugra. Statistically significant changes in the SIM and PAR indices, as well as in the SDNN indicator, were established during the formation of symptoms V "Inadequate emotional response" and VI "Emotional and moral disorientation". Moreover, at the stage of "formation" of these symptoms, the values of SIM decrease (PAR behaves in the opposite way). To the stage of "formation" of the V symptom, SIM increases, to the stage of "formation" of the VI symptom, SIM continues to decrease.

temporal characteristics of heart rate variability

"resistance" phase

emotional burnout

1. Boyko V.V. Energy of emotions. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004. - 474 p.

2. Vorobieva E.V. Intelligence and achievement motivation: psychophysiological and psychogenetic predictors. - M.: KREDO, 2006. - 288 p.

3. Eskov V.M., Filatova O.E., Maistrenko E.V. Methods for studying the degree of synergism in the functional systems of the human body living in the North // Proceedings of the scientific-practical conference "Environmental problems and health of the population in the North". - Surgut: Publishing House of SurGU, 2004. - S. 106-111.

5. Nenart E.O. The relationship of the syndrome of emotional burnout with the elements of professional deformation of the teacher's personality // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 12: Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy. - 2008. - No. 3. - P. 402-406.

6. Pryazhnikov N.S., Ozhogova E.G. Strategies for overcoming the syndrome of "emotional burnout" in the work of a teacher // Psychological Science and Education. - 2008. - No. 2. - P.87-95.

7. Snezhitsky V.A. Methodological aspects of the analysis of heart rate variability in clinical practice // Medical News. - 2004. - No. 9. - P. 37-43.

8. Khasnulin V.I. Medico-ecological bases for the formation, treatment and prevention of diseases among the indigenous population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Methodical manual for doctors. - Novosibirsk: SO RAMN, 2004. - 281s.

9. Leiter M.P., Maslach C. Banishing burnout: six strategies for improving your relationship with work - Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Imprint, 2005. - 193 p.

10. Maslach C.M. Job burnout: new directions in research and intervention // Current Directions in Psychological Science. Vol.

Emotional burnout (EB) among representatives of social professions and, in particular, among teachers continues to be of interest to domestic and foreign scientists. An analysis of the literature showed that studies are mostly aimed at establishing the severity of various symptoms of burnout, their dependence on the type of educational institution, employee status, work experience (I.A. Kurapova, E.O. Nenart, V.E. Orel, K .S Milevich and others). The factors influencing the formation of EV and risk groups continue to be studied, and measures are being developed for the prevention and rehabilitation of teachers (O.N. Gnezdilova, N.S. Pryazhnikov, E.V. Leshukova, Maslach C.M., etc.). The issue of studying the psychophysiological changes that are provided by neurovegetative regulation (NVR) during the development of EV remains little studied. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the emotional burnout of teachers living in the conditions of Ugra and time indicators of heart rate variability.

Methodology

This study was conducted on the basis of secondary schools in the Surgut district of the Tyumen region. The survey involved teachers (total 217 women, average age 43.49±1.07, average teaching experience 19.25±1.09). Teachers underwent psychological testing according to the methodology - the test for "Emotional and professional burnout" (Boyko V.V.). Also, indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured using the ELOKS-01S2 pulse oximeter. The device uses an optical finger sensor (in the form of a clothespin), with the help of which a pulse wave was recorded from one of the fingers of the hand. The study of pulsometry parameters was carried out in the position of the subject sitting; the measurement was carried out for 5 minutes 10 seconds. The device is equipped with the ELOGRAPH software product, which automatically allows you to display changes in a number of indicators in real time with the simultaneous construction of a histogram of the distribution of the duration of cardio intervals.

To assess the neurovegetative regulation of the body in terms of heart rate variability of the tested teachers, the most significant time indicators were used: SIM (activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system), PAR (activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system), SDNN (standard deviation of all cardiointervals), IBN (tension index according to Baevsky) and HR / SSS (heart rate).

results

Emotional burnout according to the method of Boyko V.V. conditionally divided into 3 phases: the “tension” phase (experiencing emotional stress due to dissatisfaction with work, oneself, etc.; the “resistance” phase is characterized by resistance and inadequate response to the organizational aspects of work, contacts with colleagues, etc.). P.); phase of "exhaustion" (avoidance of close emotional and personal contacts, deterioration of health, etc.). The degree of formation of phases is judged by quantitative indicators:

36 points or less - the phase is within the normal range (not formed);

37-60 points - phase in the formation stage;

61 or more points - formed phase.

Application of V.V. Boyko, in order to establish emotional burnout in a group of teachers, made it possible to distribute all the subjects into groups according to the degree of formation of the phases of the EV syndrome in them. According to the averaged results in points (see Figure 1), the “tension” and “exhaustion” phases are not formed, and the “resistance” phase is in the state of formation.

Rice. 1. Diagram of averaged results (in points) of the formation of 3 phases of emotional burnout among the surveyed teachers

To illustrate the quantitative distribution of teachers according to the degree of formation of each phase of emotional burnout, Figure 2 is presented below.

Rice. 2. Distribution diagram of teachers (in % of the total number of subjects) according to the degree of formation of each phase of emotional burnout in them (according to the test of Boyko V.V.)

If we sum up the number of teachers who are at the stages of formation and formation of the phases of "tension" (31% of teachers), "exhaustion" (34.5% of teachers), and especially the phase of "resistance" (75% of teachers), we conclude that the emotional state of teachers cannot be considered safe. This is especially pronounced in the symptoms of the "resistance" phase. In this regard, the indicators of heart rate variability of teachers with symptoms of this particular phase were studied in more detail.

Symptoms (from V to VIII) included in the "resistance" phase are as follows:

V - Inadequate emotional response (stuck on negative emotions and their demonstration);

VI - Emotionally moral disorientation (reduced orientation to respectable relations in the team and with partners);

VII - Expansion of the sphere of economy of emotions (avoidance or reduction of contacts);

VIII - Reduction of professional duties (work "through force" and a decrease in labor efficiency);

The severity of the symptom is assessed by the sum of points, which range from 0 to 30 points: 9 or less points - not a developed symptom; 10-15 points - developing symptom; 16 or more is an established symptom.

Analyzing the severity of each of the 4 symptoms of the "resistance" phase in the scores of the EV syndrome (see Figure 3), one should pay attention to the fact that all of them are at the stage of formation. Symptom V - "Inadequate emotional response" is the most pronounced, is almost established and, to a greater extent than other symptoms of this phase, characterizes a change in the state of the emotional sphere of the teachers being tested.

Rice. 3. Diagram of the degree of formation of 4 symptoms (V-VIII) of the “resistance” phase of emotional burnout (in points) on average for the group of teachers surveyed

For a more visual representation of how many teachers and how pronounced the formation of the 4 symptoms of the "resistance" phase, we presented the distribution of teachers (in%) in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Distribution diagram of teachers (in %) according to the degree of formation of each of the 4 symptoms (V-VIII) of the "resistance" phase of the burnout syndrome

From Figure 4 it follows that symptom V - "Inadequate emotional response" is formed in 44.7% and is formed in 44.2%. Also, a fairly large number of teachers developed the VIII symptom - "Reduction of professional duties" (36.41%). For VI and VII symptoms, similar numerical indicators were obtained.

Thus, the results obtained indicate that the condition of the majority of surveyed teachers cannot contribute to the maximum efficiency of their activities, since their interaction with other people (especially with children) in the process of work is somewhat distorted, reactions to this or that situation can be unpredictable. At the same time, the teachers themselves are overly sensitive and anxious, they experience internal irritation and tension, but they are emotionally enslaved, they can demonstrate some kind of detachment and “automatism”.

A well-known scientific fact is that changes in heart rate indicators with an increase in emotional stress, stress, physical activity occur earlier than pronounced hormonal and biochemical changes appear, because. the reaction of the nervous system usually outstrips the action of humoral factors, which gives rise to the use of indicators of the cardiovascular system to identify prenosological norms.

The statistical significance of differences in the spread of values of the parameters of temporal indicators of heart rate variability in groups of teachers with unformed, forming and formed symptoms of the "resistance" phase was assessed by the results of discriminant analysis.

For temporal indicators characterizing the V symptom "Inadequate emotional response", the value of Wilks' lambda (λw) was 0.91, approximate F = 1.88 at p< 0,05, что позволяет говорить о неслучайности различий в распределении частотных показателей по этому симптому.

For time indicators characterizing symptom VI "Emotional and moral disorientation", the value of Wilks' lambda (λw) was 0.93, approximate F = 1.35 at p< 0,19 и характеризующих VIII симптом «Редукция профессиональных обязанностей», значение лямбды Уилкса (λw) составило 0,94, приближенный F = 1,55 при p < 0,20, что может интерпретироваться как тенденция к неслучайности различий в распределении.

For the temporal indicators characterizing symptom VII "Expansion of the sphere of economy of emotions", the value of Wilks' lambda (λw) was 0.95, approximate F = 1.08 at p< 0,37, что позволяет говорить о случайности полученных различий.

To monitor the balance of regulation on the part of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS, the SIM and PAR indices are used, which have the same dimension (see table): less than 15 units. - weak activity, 16-30 units. - moderate activity, more than 30 units. - high activity. In an adult healthy person in a state of physical and mental rest, SIM does not exceed 15 units. An increase in SIM indicates the predominance of the sympathetic link in the regulation of the heart rhythm and an increase in the tension of the state of the body. The higher the PAR, the stronger the activity of the vagal influence on the regulation of the heart rhythm.

Average values of time indicators of heart rate variability in groups of teachers with different degrees of formation of 4 symptoms of the “resistance” phase of burnout syndrome ()

Symptoms and degree of formation

Symbols: symptoms: V - “Inadequate emotional response; VI - "Emotional and moral disorientation"; VII - "Expansion of the sphere of economy of emotions"; VIII - "Reduction of professional duties"; SIM and PAR, respectively, reflecting the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system, SDNN (or standard deviation of the full array of cardiointervals), IBN (Baevsky stress index), HR/SSS (heart rate); the degree of symptom formation: A - not formed, B - emerging, C - formed, n - number of people. Significant differences according to Fisher's test: * (#,") - p<0,05, ** (##,"") - р<0,01; обозначение * - при сравнении групп с несформированным и формирующимся симптомом; обозначение # - при сравнении групп с несформированным и сформированным симптомом; " - при сравнении групп с формирующимся и сформированным симптомом.

The results of HRV allow us to evaluate the response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the development of EV symptoms. In the group of teachers surveyed, the SIM and PAR indicators demonstrate the so-called "weak activity" with a predominance of the activity of the parasympathetic division of the ANS, which we consider to be a characteristic feature of the inhabitants of Ugra, based on our own research and research by other authors.

SDNN (standard deviation of the full array of cardiointervals) is an indicator of the activity of regulatory mechanisms. Normal SDNN values are in the range of 40-80 ms, which is observed in the groups of subjects.

Observing the dynamics of the mutual changes in the SIM and PAR indices, as well as the SDNN indicator, one should note the statistical significance of these changes in terms of V and VI symptoms.

The Baevsky stress index is extremely sensitive to increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system. A small load (emotional or physical) increases IBN by 1.5-2 times. With significant loads, it grows 5-10 times. The surveyed teachers have IBN in the range of 39.92-60.63 c.u. Below are the possible IBN ranges and their brief description:

60-120 USD - narrow normal range (eustress);
30-200 USD - a wide range of normal (compensated distress);
<30 у.е. и >$200 - uncompensated distress;
>500 c.u. - state of crisis of adaptation systems;
>1000 c.u. - urgent action is required.

It follows from this that in the group of teachers studied, the IBN values are below the narrow range of the norm and characterize the so-called "compensated distress" in the direction of reduced stress. We assume that the obtained values of IBN can characterize special compensatory mechanisms in the group of subjects. We consider this result as an adaptive reaction of the residents of Yugra.

Conclusion

In the groups of teachers surveyed, according to temporal indicators of heart rate variability, the so-called “compensated distress” is observed in the direction of reduced tension. The values of the SIM and PAR indices in all groups of teachers are such that it can be concluded that there is a general "weak activity" of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of the parasympathetic division.

Observing the mutual change in the SIM and PAR indices, as well as the SDNN indicator during the formation of symptoms of the "resistance" phase, it should be noted the statistical significance of changes in V "Inadequate emotional response" and VI "Emotional and moral disorientation" symptoms. Moreover, during the formation of these symptoms, the SIM values decrease (PAR behaves in the opposite way). To the stage of "formation" of the V symptom, SIM increases, to the stage of "formation" of the VI symptom, SIM continues to decrease. We associate such different dynamics of the SIM indicator with different basic characteristics of symptoms: V reflects the emotional sphere, and VI reflects the moral orientation of the individual.

Reviewers:

Akopov G.V., Doctor of Psychology, Head of the Department of Social Psychology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Volga State Social and Humanitarian Academy", Samara.

Gagay V.V., Doctor of Psychology, Professor of the Department of Psychology at the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra "Surgut State Pedagogical University", Surgut.

Bibliographic link

Maistrenko E.V., Maistrenko V.I. FEATURES OF TIME INDICATORS OF THE HEART RATE OF TEACHERS OF YUGRA DEPENDING ON THE EXPRESSION OF SYMPTOMS OF THE "RESISTANCE" PHASE OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT // Modern Problems of Science and Education. - 2014. - No. 4.;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=14313 (date of access: 02/01/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Page 1

The teacher consciously or unconsciously strives for psychological comfort, to reduce the pressure of external circumstances with the help of the means at his disposal. The formation of protection involving emotional burnout occurs against the background of the following phenomena:

1. Symptom of "inadequate selective emotional response."

The teacher inadequately "saves" on emotions, limits the emotional return. The principle “want or don’t want” applies: if I deem it necessary, I will pay attention to this student or colleague, if there is a mood, I will respond to his condition and needs. Despite the unacceptability of this style of emotional behavior, it is very common. Most of the time, the teacher seems to be doing the right thing. However, the subject of communication (student) or an outside person (colleague) fixes something else - emotional callousness, impoliteness, indifference.

2. Symptom of "emotional and moral disorientation".

It seems to deepen the inadequate reaction in relations with pupils. Often a professional needs self-justification. Without showing the proper emotional attitude to the subject, he defends his strategy. At the same time, judgments are heard: “this is not the case to worry about”, “such students do not deserve a good attitude”, “you can’t sympathize with such”, “why should I worry about everyone”.

3. Symptom of "expanding the sphere of economy of emotions."

Such evidence of emotional burnout takes place when this form of protection is carried out outside the professional field - in communication with relatives, friends and acquaintances. At work, the teacher still adheres to the standards and duties, and closes at home, not wanting to communicate with loved ones.

4. Symptom of "reduction of professional duties".

The term reduction means simplification. In the professional educator, reduction manifests itself in attempts to lighten or reduce responsibilities that require emotional costs.

phase of exhaustion.

It is characterized by a more or less pronounced drop in the overall energy tone and a weakening of the nervous system. Emotional protection in the form of "burnout" becomes an integral attribute of the personality.

1. Symptom of "emotional deficit".

The teacher gets the feeling that emotionally he can no longer interact productively with students. He is unable to enter into their situation, to sympathize and empathize, to respond to situations that should touch him, encourage him, enhance his intellectual, volitional and moral return.

2. Symptom of "emotional detachment".

The teacher completely excludes emotions from the sphere of professional activity. Almost nothing excites him, almost nothing causes an emotional response - neither positive nor negative circumstances.

Reacting without feelings and emotions is the most striking symptom of "burnout". It testifies to the professional deformation of the personality of the teacher and damages the subject of communication.

3. Symptom of "personal detachment or depersonalization." Appears in a wide range of mindsets and actions of the teacher in the process of communication. First of all, there is a complete or partial loss of interest in the student - the subject of professional action. It is perceived as an inanimate object, as an object for manipulation - something has to be done with it.

4. Symptom of "psychosomatic and psychovegetative disorders".

As the name implies, the symptom manifests itself at the level of physical and mental well-being. Usually it is formed by a conditioned reflex connection of a negative property. Much of what concerns the subjects of professional activity (in our case, students) provokes deviations in somatic and mental states. Sometimes even the thought of such subjects or contact with them causes a bad mood, bad associations, insomnia, a feeling of fear, discomfort in the heart, vascular reactions, exacerbation of chronic diseases.

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Phase "resistance"

The isolation of this phase into an independent one is rather conditional. In fact, the resistance to growing stress begins from the moment the alarming tension appears. This is natural: a person consciously or unconsciously strives for psychological comfort, to reduce the pressure of external circumstances with the help of the means at his disposal. The formation of protection involving emotional burnout occurs against the background of the following phenomena.

1. Symptom of "inadequate selective emotional response." An undoubted sign of "burnout" when a professional ceases to catch the difference between two fundamentally different phenomena: the economical manifestation of emotions and inadequate selective emotional response. In the first case, we are talking about a useful skill developed over time (we emphasize this circumstance) to connect emotions of a rather limited register and moderate intensity to interaction with business partners: a slight smile, a friendly look, a soft, calm tone of speech, restrained reactions to strong stimuli, concise forms expressions of disagreement, lack of categoricalness, rudeness. This mode of communication can be welcomed, because it indicates a high level of professionalism. It is fully justified in the following cases:

If it does not alarm and does not repel the partner;

If, if necessary, gives way to other, adequate forms of response to the situation.

For example, a professional, when required, is able to treat the partner with emphatic politeness, attention, and sincere sympathy. It is a completely different matter when a professional inadequately "saves" on emotions, limits emotional returns due to selective responses during work contacts. The principle “I want it or I don’t want it” applies: if I consider it necessary, I will pay attention to this partner, if there is a mood, I will respond to his condition and needs. Despite the unacceptability of this style of emotional behavior, it is very common. The fact is that most often it seems to a person that he is acting in an acceptable way. However, the subject of communication or an outside observer fixes something else - emotional callousness, impoliteness, indifference.

Inadequate restriction of the range and intensity of the inclusion of emotions in professional communication is interpreted by partners as disrespect for their personality, that is, it goes into the plane of moral assessments.

2. Symptom of "emotional and moral disorientation". It seems to deepen the inadequate reaction in relations with a business partner. Often a professional needs self-justification. Without showing the proper emotional attitude to the subject, he defends his strategy. At the same time, judgments are heard: “this is not the case to worry about,” “such people do not deserve a good attitude,” “you can’t sympathize with such people,” “why should I worry about everyone.”

Such thoughts and assessments, no doubt, indicate that emotions do not awaken or do not sufficiently stimulate moral feelings. After all, professional activity, built on human communication, knows no exceptions. The doctor has no moral right to divide patients into "good" and "bad". The teacher should not solve the pedagogical problems of the wards at his own choice. Service personnel cannot be guided by personal preferences: “I will serve this client quickly and well, but let this one wait and be nervous.”

Unfortunately, in life we often encounter manifestations of emotional and moral disorientation. As a rule, this causes justified indignation, we condemn attempts to divide us into worthy and unworthy of respect. But with the same ease, almost everyone, taking their place in the system of service-personal relations, allows emotional and moral disorientation. In our society, it is customary to fulfill one's duties depending on one's mood and subjective preferences, which indicates, so to speak, an early period in the development of civilization in the sphere of intersubjective relationships.

3. Symptom of "expanding the sphere of economy of emotions." Such evidence of emotional burnout occurs when this form of protection is carried out outside the professional field - in communication with relatives, friends and acquaintances. A well-known case: at work, you get so tired of contacts, conversations, and answers to questions that you don’t want to communicate even with your loved ones. By the way, it is often the family who become the first “victim” of emotional burnout. In the service, you still adhere to the standards and duties, and close yourself at home or, worse, are ready to send everyone away, or even just “growl” at your marriage partner and children. We can say that you are fed up with human contact. You are experiencing a symptom of "poisoning people."

4. Symptom of "reduction of professional duties". The term reduction means simplification. In professional activities that involve extensive communication with people, reduction is manifested in attempts to lighten or reduce responsibilities that require emotional costs. According to the notorious "laws of reduction", we, the subjects of the service sector, treatment, education and upbringing, are deprived of elementary attention. The doctor does not find it necessary to talk with the patient longer, to encourage a detailed presentation of complaints. The anamnesis turns out to be mean and insufficiently informative. The patient complains of a cough, it is necessary to listen to him with a phonendoscope, ask clarifying questions, but instead of these actions that require the connection of emotions, the doctor is limited to referring to fluorography. The nurse who came to your house to make an injection did not drop a kind word, “forgot” to give explanations for taking the appointment. The waiter "does not notice" that you need to change or at least shake off the tablecloth on your table. The conductor is in no hurry to offer tea to passengers. The stewardess, communicating with you, looks with "glass eyes". In a word, the reduction of professional duties is the usual companion of lack of culture in business contacts.

Phase "resistance"

The isolation of this phase into an independent one is rather conditional. In fact, the resistance to growing stress begins from the moment the alarming tension appears. This is natural: a person consciously or unconsciously strives for psychological comfort, to reduce the pressure of external circumstances with the help of the means at his disposal. The formation of protection involving emotional burnout occurs against the background of the following phenomena.

1. Symptom of "inadequate selective emotional response." An undoubted sign of "burnout" when a professional ceases to catch the difference between two fundamentally different phenomena: the economical manifestation of emotions and inadequate selective emotional response. In the first case, we are talking about a useful skill developed over time (we emphasize this circumstance) to connect emotions of a rather limited register and moderate intensity to interaction with business partners: a slight smile, a friendly look, a soft, calm tone of speech, restrained reactions to strong stimuli, concise forms expressions of disagreement, lack of categoricalness, rudeness. This mode of communication can be welcomed, because it indicates a high level of professionalism. It is fully justified in the following cases:

If it does not alarm and does not repel the partner;

If, if necessary, gives way to other, adequate forms of response to the situation.

2. Symptom of "emotional and moral disorientation". It seems to deepen the inadequate reaction in relations with a business partner. Often a professional needs self-justification. Without showing the proper emotional attitude to the subject, he defends his strategy. At the same time, judgments are heard: “this is not the case to worry about,” “such people do not deserve a good attitude,” “you can’t sympathize with such people,” “why should I worry about everyone.”

Unfortunately, in life we often encounter manifestations of emotional and moral disorientation. As a rule, this causes justified indignation, we condemn attempts to divide us into worthy and unworthy of respect. But with the same ease, almost everyone, taking their place in the system of service-personal relations, allows emotional and moral disorientation. In our society, it is customary to fulfill one's duties depending on one's mood and subjective preferences, which indicates, so to speak, an early period in the development of civilization in the sphere of intersubjective relationships.

3. Symptom of "expanding the sphere of economy of emotions." Such evidence of emotional burnout occurs when this form of protection is carried out outside the professional field - in communication with relatives, friends and acquaintances. A well-known case: at work, you get so tired of contacts, conversations, and answers to questions that you don’t want to communicate even with your loved ones. By the way, it is often the family who become the first “victim” of emotional burnout. In the service, you still adhere to the standards and duties, and close yourself at home or, worse, are ready to send everyone away, or even just “growl” at your marriage partner and children. We can say that you are fed up with human contact. You are experiencing a symptom of "poisoning people."

4. Symptom of "reduction of professional duties". The term reduction means simplification. In professional activities that involve extensive communication with people, reduction is manifested in attempts to lighten or reduce responsibilities that require emotional costs. According to the notorious "laws of reduction", we, the subjects of the service sector, treatment, education and upbringing, are deprived of elementary attention. The doctor does not find it necessary to talk with the patient longer, to encourage a detailed presentation of complaints. The anamnesis turns out to be mean and insufficiently informative. The patient complains of a cough, it is necessary to listen to him with a phonendoscope, ask clarifying questions, but instead of these actions that require the connection of emotions, the doctor is limited to referring to fluorography. The nurse who came to your house to make an injection did not drop a kind word, “forgot” to give explanations for taking the appointment. The waiter "does not notice" that you need to change or at least shake off the tablecloth on your table. The conductor is in no hurry to offer tea to passengers. The stewardess, communicating with you, looks with "glass eyes". In a word, the reduction of professional duties is the usual companion of lack of culture in business contacts.

This text is an introductory piece.