"Mtsyri" is lyric poem Lermontov. It was written in 1839 and published a year later in a collection entitled “Poems by M. Lermontov.” One of Mikhail Yuryevich’s contemporaries, critic V. Belinsky, wrote that this work reflects “our poet’s favorite ideal.” One of the wonderful examples of classical romantic Russian poetry - the poem "Mtsyri" - will be discussed in this article.

History of writing

“Mtsyri” is a work written under the impression of life in the Caucasus. The prototype for the plot of the poem was a story from the life of the mountaineers, heard by Lermontov in 1837, during his first exile. Mikhail Yuryevich, traveling along the Georgian Military Road, met a lonely monk in Mtskheta. He told him the story of his life. The clergyman was captured as a child by a Russian general and left in a local monastery, where he spent his entire life, despite his longing for his homeland.

M.Yu. could have used some elements of Georgian folklore in his work. Lermontov. The poem "Mtsyri" in its plot contains a central episode in which the hero fights a leopard. In Georgian folk poetry there is a theme of the fight between a young man and a tiger, which is reflected in another famous poem- “The Knight in Tiger Skin” by Sh. Rustaveli.

Title and epigraph

Translated from Georgian language"Mtsyri" is a "non-serving monk", "novice". This word also has a second meaning: “stranger”, “stranger from foreign lands”. As you can see, Lermontov chose the most suitable title for his poem. It is interesting that Mikhail Yuryevich originally named his poem “Beri”, which means “monk” in Georgian. has also undergone changes. At first, Lermontov used the phrase for him: “On n'a qu'une seule patrie” (“Everyone has only one fatherland”), but later the poet chose for the epigraph an excerpt from the 1st Book of Kingdoms (chapter 14): “Tasting the tastes there’s not enough honey, and now I’m dying.” These words symbolize a violation of the natural course of things.

The poem "Mtsyri", the content of which is known to many Russian readers, talks about tragic fate a Caucasian boy captured and taken away from his native land by the Russian general Ermolov. On the way, the child fell ill and was left in one of the local monasteries. Here the boy was forced to spend his life “away from sunlight" The child always missed the Caucasian expanses and longed to return to the mountains. After some time, he seemed to get used to the cramped living conditions in the monastery, learned a foreign language and was already preparing to become a monk. However, at the age of seventeen, the young man suddenly felt a strong spiritual impulse, which forced him to suddenly leave the monastery and run away to unknown lands. He felt free, the memory of his childhood years returned to him. The guy remembered native language, the faces of people who were once close to him. Intoxicated fresh air and childhood memories, the young man spent three days in freedom. In this short period of time, he saw everything that captivity had deprived him of. The guy admired the pictures of Georgian mighty nature, beautiful girl gracefully filling a jug with water. He defeated a leopard in mortal combat and achieved the degree own strength and dexterity. In three days, the young man lived his whole life, filled with vivid emotions and sensations. Found quite by accident in the vicinity of the monastery without memory, the guy refused to eat because he realized that old life in captivity he will not be able to continue. Only the old monk who baptized him found the way to Mtsyri's rebellious heart. Confessing the young man, the elder learned about what the guy saw and felt during the three days of his failed escape.

Genre and composition of the poem

Lermontov wrote many works about life in the Caucasus. The poem "Mtsyri" is one of them. The poet associates the Caucasus with a territory of boundless liberty and freedom, where a person has the opportunity to express himself in a fight with the elements, merge with nature and subordinate it to his own will, and win the battle with himself.

The plot of the romantic poem is centered around the feelings and experiences of one lyrical hero- Mtsyri. The form of the work - confession - makes it possible to most truthfully and deeply reveal the spiritual appearance of the young man. The composition of the work is typical for this kind of poem - the hero is placed in unusual circumstances, the confessional monologue occupies the main place, it is described internal state person, not the external environment.

However, there are also differences from a typical romantic work. There is no reticence or understatement in the poem. The location of the action is precisely indicated here, the poet informs the reader about the circumstances that brought the young man to the monastery. Mtsyri's excited speech contains a consistent and logical account of the events that happened to him.

Nature and reality

The poem “Mtsyri” is not only a psychologically reliable presentation of the protagonist’s internal experiences, but also an excellent description of Georgian nature. It is a picturesque background against which the events in the work unfold, and also serves as a tool for the reaction of a young man to a thunderstorm, when he “would be glad to embrace the storm,” describes him as an unbridled and courageous person, ready to battle the elements. State of mind hero in quiet morning after a thunderstorm, his readiness to comprehend the secrets of “heaven and earth” characterizes the guy as a subtle and sensitive person, capable of seeing and understanding beauty. Nature for Lermontov is a source of internal harmony. The monastery in the poem is a symbol of a hostile reality, forcing a strong and extraordinary person to perish under the influence of unnecessary conventions.

Predecessors in literature

The poem "Mtsyri", the characters of which are described in this article, has several literary predecessors. Similar story, which tells about the fate of a young monk, is described in the poem “Chernets” by I. Kozlov. Despite the similar content, these works have different ideological components. Lermontov's poem shows the influence of Decembrist literature and poetry of I.V. Goethe. "Mtsyri" contains motifs that have already appeared in early works poet: “Boyarin Orsha” and “Confession”.

Lermontov's contemporaries noticed the similarity of "Mtsyri" with Byron's "The Prisoner of Chignon", translated into Russian by Zhukovsky. However, the hero hates society and wants to be alone, while Mtsyri strives for people.

Criticism

M. Lermontov received the most flattering reviews from critics. “Mtsyri” captivated literary scholars not only with its ideological content, but also with its form of presentation. Belinsky noted that with the masculine rhyme in which the work is written, “it sounds and abruptly falls like the blow of a sword,” and this verse is in harmony with “ indestructible force powerful nature and the tragic situation of the hero of the poem."

Lermontov's contemporaries recall with delight the reading of "Mtsyri" by the author himself. in “Meeting Russian Poets” he described the strong impression he received from Mikhail Yuryevich’s reading of this poem in Tsarskoe Selo.

Conclusion

"Mtsyri" is best poem M.Yu. Lermontov. In it, the poet demonstrated his poetic skill and expressed ideas that were close to his rebellious nature. The passion and strength with which Mikhail Yuryevich described the suffering of a young man, capable of great achievements, but forced to vegetate in the silence of the monastery walls, certainly expresses the innermost experiences of the author himself. Each of us can now re-read “Mtsyri”, feel the power and beauty of this amazing work and... touch the beauty.

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Lesson 31 CHECK WORK ON LERMONTOV’S POEM “MCYRI”

Lesson objectives: check and summarize students’ knowledge of Lermontov’s poem; consolidate literary concepts: “ romantic poem", "romantic hero"; learn to debate, expressing your opinion in a reasoned manner.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

III. Discussion on Lermontov's poem.

Teacher's word.

In one of the schools, students were asked a question: what do they not understand about Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri”? And this is what they wrote (projected on the screen):

“It is not clear why Mtsyri fled during a thunderstorm without any preparation. He had to prepare for the escape, stock up on bread and salt, and dress well. Otherwise he took it and ran out recklessly.”

“Why didn’t Mtsyri go for the Georgian woman to the saklya, to free people, which he strived for all his life?

“It is not clear why Mtsyri fought the leopard. After all, he could have calmly left before the leopard sensed him. Because of this, he became weak and died, and if he had left, perhaps he would have reached his homeland.”

– How would you answer these perplexed questions?

– Do you understand everything in this poem? Do you have any questions?

IV. Test work using option cards.

Option 1.

1. What is a poem called? What type of literature does the poem belong to? Why?

(A poem is a large poetic work with a detailed plot. A poem is usually classified as a lyric epic work, since, talking about the fate of his heroes, drawing pictures of life, the poet expresses his own thoughts, feelings, and experiences in the poem.)

2. In romantic works (including poems), an exceptional hero acts in exceptional circumstances against the backdrop of unusual scenes. Re-read the excerpt from Chapter VI of the poem “Mtsyri”. Prove that the poet painted a romantic landscape. What artistic means did Lermontov use?

(This landscape, of course, can be called romantic, because every detail of it is unusual, exotic - “ mountain ranges, whimsical as dreams,” smoke at dawn; along the banks of a mountain stream there are “piles of dark rocks”, snowy mountain peaks are hidden in the clouds. Main artistic techniques in the poem - personification and comparison. The metaphor-personification of the two banks of a mountain stream is based on a Russian folk riddle (“Two brothers look into the water, they will never meet”). Comparisons: the tops of the mountains “smoked like altars”; the snow burns “like a diamond”, the clouds are compared to a caravan of white birds. The landscape is shown through the eyes of the hero and conveys his thoughts and feelings. The first picture (the banks separated by a stream) is loneliness, despair. The final picture (clouds heading east, towards the Caucasus) is an irresistible desire for the homeland).

3. In what size and with what rhymes is the poem written? How does this affect the character of poetic speech?

(The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. The rhymes are only masculine. This helps to convey the emotion of the narrator’s speech (after all, we have a confession before us) and, in addition, gives masculinity, precision, and beauty to the poems.)

4. Remember the scene of the fight with the leopard. What qualities of the hero were revealed in this battle? Why did the young man defeat the mighty beast?

(This scene perfectly characterizes the main character. Mtsyri appears here as an extraordinary person: he can handle anything, even manages to defeat a predatory beast almost unarmed in hand-to-hand combat. Thirst for achievement, daring, courage force the young man to enter into a mortal battle. The poet constantly emphasizes that his hero a stranger among people (at least among those with whom he is forced to live), but in the world of wild nature he feels like one of his own (like a steppe animal).

Option 2.

1. Remember the epigraph to the poem “Mtsyri”. How is it connected to the idea of ​​the work?

(Lermontov’s epigraph is taken from the Bible: “When I taste, I taste little honey, and now I’m dying.” The idea is better than three days real life freedom than long-term imprisonment within the walls of a monastery, where a person does not live fully, but exists. For a hero, death is better than life in a monastery.)

2. The poem by M. Yu. Lermontov is romantic. Her hero is not like the people around him, he denies them life values, strives for something different. Prove this idea with lines from Mtsyri’s confession.

(Mtsyri confesses to the old monk:

I knew only the power of thoughts,

One, but a fiery passion:

She lived inside me like a worm,

She tore her soul and burned it.

She called my dreams

From stuffy cells and prayers

Into that wonderful world of worries and battles...

The main passion of the hero is the desire to live fully, in a world of struggle and freedom, outside the walls of the monastery, in his distant beloved homeland.)

3. The landscape in the poem plays a significant role, especially since it is given in the perception of the hero, which means it becomes a means of characterizing Mtsyri. Re-read the description of the morning from Chapter XI. What's special about you? What can be said about a person who perceives nature this way?

(The landscape is unusually beautiful, for the hero it is doubly attractive because this is Mtsyri’s first morning in freedom. From this morning his knowledge of the world begins, and the romantically minded young man populates it with fantastic, invisible creatures who know the secrets of “heaven and earth.” Sinevu and the hero also perceives the purity of heaven unusually, he is ready to see “the flight of an angel.” The poetic sublime soul and the desire for freedom allow Mtsyri to compare the free life, wildlife with heaven. Before death, this comparison takes on an even more rebellious, rebellious character. Mtsyri is ready to exchange the “paradise and eternity” that will come after death for the fulfillment of his dream.)

4. What artistic means does the author use when drawing his hero? Give examples.

(In the poem we find hyperboles:

Oh I'm like a brother

I would be glad to embrace the storm!

I watched with the eyes of a cloud,

I caught lightning with my hand...

Comparisons:

I myself, like an animal, was alien to people

And he crawled and hid like a snake.

Epithets:

But free youth is strong,

And death seemed not scary!)

V. Summing up the lesson.

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The poem "Mtsyri" is one of the most famous works by M. Yu. Lermontov. These questions and answers contain the most significant facts about the history of writing the poem and its plot.

1. What event led Lermontov to write the poem?

Traveling along the Georgian Military Road, Lermontov met a monk who told him the story of his life. Lermontov was very impressed by this story and he recounted the story of the monk Bary in a poem published in 1840.

2.What does the word "Mtsyri" mean?

Mtsyri translated from Georgian means “novice”.

3. How did Mtsyri get into the monastery?

At the age of 6, young Mtsyri was captured by a Russian general. On the way to Tiflis, the hero fell ill, and the general left him in the monastery. There he lived his entire life.

4. Why did Mtsyri flee the monastery?

Mtsyri felt loneliness and melancholy while living in the monastery. A quiet existence did not suit him, he would trade it for life, full of battles and difficulties.

Mtsyri dreamed of remembering what life in freedom was like and missed his native land.

5. Did Mtsyri reach his homeland?

No, after being free for three days, Mtsyri lost his way and fell ill. He was found and returned to the monastery.

6. With which ones? natural phenomena feels kinship with Mtsyri?

In his escape, Mtsyri experiences a kinship with the storm:

As a brother, I would be glad to embrace the storm.

With lightning and thunderstorm:

That friendship is short, but alive,
Between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm.

7. With whom did Mtsyri fight in the forest?

Mtsyri, in a difficult battle that exhausted him, fought with the leopard.

8. What did Mtsyri tell the monk who raised him after returning to the monastery?

Mtsyri told the old monk about what he saw in freedom:

Do you want to know what I saw
Free? - Lush fields,
Hills covered with a crown
Trees growing all around
Noisy with a fresh crowd,
Like brothers dancing in a circle.

Mtsyri remembered his native village, his father’s house and young sisters, the sounds of their speeches and songs. Mtsyri talked about how, going down to the stream, he saw a young Georgian woman, slender, like a poplar, and his thoughts were “confused.” Summing up his story, Mtsyri says to his monk-educator:

You want to know what I did
Free? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age.

9. What does it mean to live for Mtsyri?

Mtsyri does not see life in the ideals of the monks - peace, self-denial for the sake of a “higher” goal, renunciation of earthly joys. For him, life is a struggle, it is the bliss of freedom, life locked up is like hell for the free soul of Mtsyri. The hero is open to love, he is happy in reunification with nature, he dreamed of returning to his homeland, to his family and native land. It is in freedom that Mtsyri sees a happy life.

10. What moral values did Lermontov put into the poem "Mtsyri"?

In the poem "Mtsyri", as in other early works of Lermontov, such values ​​as freedom and independence of the individual, love and loyalty to one's homeland, constant search for oneself and spiritual restlessness, but at the same time the importance of peace with oneself and spiritual harmony, are affirmed.

What kind of life is Mtsyri talking about when he answers the monk’s question: “I lived...”? What does the hero mean by this word?

Prove that escape reveals inner world Mtsyri.

What feelings does Mtsyri experience when meeting a girl?

Why does Lermontov introduce the scene with the leopard, how does he characterize Mtsyri? What feelings does the young man experience in a fight with the beast?

Formulate main topic works.

Who is Mtsyri? What was his fate?

What does Mtsyri dream about while living in a monastery? What oath does Mtsyri take to himself?

Why is life in a monastery unacceptable for him? Can we say that the monks are his enemies?

What are the main traits in Mtsyri’s character? In which episodes of the poem are they revealed most clearly? What was Mtsyri able to learn about himself during his escape?

How does Mtsyri perceive his defeat? Has he given up on his dreams? What price is he willing to pay for freedom? What is his last request?

Why do descriptions of nature take up so much space in the work?

What kind of life is Mtsyri talking about when he answers the monk’s question: “I lived...”? What does the hero mean by this word?

Prove that escape reveals Mtsyri's inner world.

What feelings does Mtsyri experience when meeting a girl?

Why does Lermontov introduce the scene with the leopard, how does he characterize Mtsyri? What feelings does the young man experience in a fight with the beast?

Formulate the main theme of the work.

Who is Mtsyri? What was his fate?

What does Mtsyri dream about while living in a monastery? What oath does Mtsyri take to himself?

Why is life in a monastery unacceptable for him? Can we say that the monks are his enemies?

What are the main traits in Mtsyri’s character? In which episodes of the poem are they revealed most clearly? What was Mtsyri able to learn about himself during his escape?

How does Mtsyri perceive his defeat? Has he given up on his dreams? What price is he willing to pay for freedom? What is his last request?

Why do descriptions of nature take up so much space in the work?