He was about the sea your singer. Alexander Pushkin - To the Sea: Verse

Notes

Farewell to the sea is associated with the departure of Pushkin from Odessa, where he lived for a year, in new link- in Mikhailovskoye. In Odessa, the original version was written, in Mikhailovsky - stanzas about Napoleon and Byron. The thirteenth stanza, which is central in meaning, could not have appeared in print during Pushkin's lifetime. In 1825 it was printed in the following form:

This line was followed by a gap corresponding to three lines, and under the text a sly note was given: “In this place the author put three and a half lines of dots. This poem was delivered to the publishers of the book. P. A. Vyazemsky in the original and printed here exactly in the form in which it came out from the pen of Pushkin himself. Some lists of it, walking around the city, are distorted by ridiculous additions. Publishers. Two months later, in the first collection "Poems of Alexander Pushkin" (St. Petersburg, 1826), this stanza appeared in a somewhat expanded form:

by genre - historical elegy(combination of elegiac and historical), motif of uncontrollability sea ​​element. He compares this element with Byron: he has the spirit of the sea with his rebelliousness. He writes about Napoleon, comprehends this figure from a historical point of view.

The evolution of Pushkin's views on Napoleon is interesting (see "Napoleon", " Queen of Spades”, “Hero”)

The sea, like the ocean, elements, storm, thunderstorm, in Pushkin's romantic lyrics more than once became a transparent allegory of political or personal freedom. But in this poem, the "free element" is not an allegory, but a capacious symbol of freedom, not amenable to any unambiguous interpretation. The sea is a symbol of any natural and human element. In his waywardness, the indomitable will, power and unpredictability of the world elements are revealed, human environment. It evokes associations with the "elements" public life: riots, revolutions, uprisings. Pushkin likens the sea to a living creature possessed by rebellious impulses of the spirit. This is a humanized "free element", close to the soul of the romantic poet and the "geniuses" revered by him: Byron and Napoleon. But the sea is also a symbol human life, which can "carry out" anywhere, to any "land". In order to emphasize the infinity of the sea-life, Pushkin calls it an "ocean", a huge water desert. The poet can be struck by only "one rock, the tombs of glory" - the island of St. Helena, where "Napoleon died out."

Farewell, free element!
For the last time in front of me
You roll blue waves
And shine with proud beauty.

Like a friend's mournful murmur,
How to call him at the farewell hour,
Your sad noise, your inviting noise
I heard for the last time.

My soul's desired limit!
How often along your shores
I wandered silent and foggy,
We languish with cherished intent!

How I loved your reviews
Deaf sounds, abyss of voice
And silence in the evening
And wayward impulses!

The humble sail of the fishermen,
kept by your whim,
Glides bravely among the swells:
But you jumped, irresistible,
And a flock of sinking ships.

Failed to leave forever
I'm bored, motionless shore,
Congratulate you with enthusiasm
And direct along your ridges
My poetic escape!

You waited, you called... I was chained;
Here my soul was torn:
Enchanted by mighty passion,
I stayed on the coast...

What to regret? Wherever now
Have I set out on a careless path?
One item in your wilderness
My soul would be struck.

One rock, tomb of glory...
They fell into a cold sleep
Memories are majestic:
Napoleon died there.

There he rested in torment.
And after him, like a storm noise,
Another genius rushed away from us,
Another ruler of our thoughts.

Disappeared, mourned by freedom,
Leaving the world your crown.
Shumi, get excited by bad weather:
He was, O sea, your singer.

Your image was marked on it
He was created by your spirit:
Like you, mighty, deep and gloomy,
Like you, nothing is indomitable.

The world is empty... Now where
Would you carry me, ocean?
The fate of people everywhere is the same:
Where there is a drop of good, there is on guard
Already enlightenment or a tyrant.

Farewell, sea! I won't forget
Your solemn beauty
And for a long, long time I will hear
Your buzz in the evening hours.

In the forests, in the deserts are silent
I will transfer, full of you,
Your rocks, your bays
And shine, and shadow, and the sound of waves.

Pushkin, 1824

Farewell to the sea is associated with the departure of Pushkin from Odessa, where he lived for a year, to a new exile - to Mikhailovskoye. In Odessa, the original version was written, in Mikhailovsky - stanzas about Napoleon and Byron. The thirteenth stanza, which is central in meaning, could not have appeared in print during Pushkin's lifetime. In 1825 it was printed in the following form:

The world is empty...

This line was followed by a gap corresponding to three lines, and under the text is given a sly note: " In this place the author put three and a half rows of dots. This poem was delivered to the publishers of the book. P. A. Vyazemsky in the original and printed here exactly in the form in which it came out from the pen of Pushkin himself. Some lists of it, walking around the city, are distorted by ridiculous additions. Publishers". Two months later, in the first collection " Poems by Alexander Pushkin”, this stanza appeared already in a somewhat expanded form:

The world is empty... Now where
Would you carry me, ocean?
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .

Failed to leave forever // I'm bored, motionless shore- Pushkin plotted to escape from Odessa by sea to Europe.
Captivated by powerful passion- refers to feeling for gr. Elizaveta Ksaveryevna Vorontsova (1790-1880).
One rock, tomb of glory- the island of St. Helena, where Napoleon was imprisoned from 1815 and where he died in 1821.
Another genius rushed away from us ... // Disappeared, mourned by freedom- Byron died on April 7/19, 1824 in Greece, where he arrived in the summer of 1823 to participate in the national liberation struggle of the Greeks.
Where there is a drop of good, there is on guard // Already enlightenment or a tyrant- the convergence of enlightenment and tyranny as negative phenomena reflects the idea characteristic of romantics about the destructiveness of civilization for morality, for the good of man.

Pushkin's "Sea" literary critics call an elegy. The poem appeared in November 1824. In it, Pushkin reflects on the freedom of the creative spirit, human personality, comparing it with the free, all-powerful sea element. You can read the text of Pushkin's poem "To the Sea" on the website.

The unknown romantic hero, standing on the motionless shore, listens to the murmur sea ​​waves, looks at the powerful, impetuous unbridled water element. The sea is not subject to any laws, the fate of both a flock of large ships and a fishing boat depends on its whim. The sea calls, conquers, attracts the hero with solemn beauty, plunging into the mysterious abyss of inexplicable freedom. This freedom is given from above, it is not constrained by power, enlightenment, or tyranny. But like a proud romantic hero Byron, the lyrical Pushkin hero remains alone on a deserted shore. He cannot break the shackles of human life laws. However, no one has the right to deprive the poet of the highest gift - to immerse himself in the element of feelings, akin to the element of the sea and give birth to lyrical lines that are amazing in their power of expression.

The poem "To the Sea" by Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich was a kind of result of the southern period of the poet's work. The work can be downloaded from the website.

Farewell, free element!
For the last time in front of me
You roll blue waves
And shine with proud beauty.

Like a friend's mournful murmur,
How to call him at the farewell hour,
Your sad noise, your inviting noise
I heard for the last time.

My soul's desired limit!
How often along your shores
I wandered silent and foggy,
We languish with cherished intent!

How I loved your reviews
Deaf sounds, abyss voice,
And silence in the evening
And wayward impulses!

The humble sail of the fishermen,
kept by your whim,
Glides bravely among the swells:
But you jumped, irresistible, -
And a flock of sinking ships.

Failed to leave forever
I'm bored, motionless shore,
Congratulate you with enthusiasm
And direct along your ridges
My poetic escape.

You waited, you called... I was chained;
Here my soul was torn:
Enchanted by mighty passion,
I stayed on the coast.

What to regret? Wherever now
Have I set out on a careless path?
One item in your wilderness
My soul would be struck.

One rock, tomb of glory...
They fell into a cold sleep
Memories are majestic:
Napoleon died there.

There he rested in torment.
And after him, like a storm noise,
Another genius rushed away from us,
Another ruler of our thoughts.

Disappeared, mourned by freedom,
Leaving the world your crown.
Shumi, get excited by bad weather:
He was, O sea, your singer.

Your image was marked on it
He was created by your spirit:
Like you, mighty, deep and gloomy,
Like you, nothing is indomitable.

The world is empty... Now where
Would you carry me, ocean?
The fate of people everywhere is the same:
Where there is a drop of good, there is on guard
Already enlightenment or a tyrant.

Farewell, sea! I won't forget
Your solemn beauty
And for a long, long time I will hear
Your buzz in the evening hours.

In the forests, in the deserts are silent
I will transfer, full of you,
Your rocks, your bays
And shine, and shadow, and the sound of waves.

The writing

You shine with proud beauty - such an expression could be inspired by the brilliance sea ​​water under the rays of the sun, but the epithet proudly takes the image beyond the limits of the photographically accurate image of the seen picture and conveys the perception of the sea by the poet.

Mournful murmur - the noun murmur comes from the verb grumble in the sense of "to express dissatisfaction with a quiet speech in an obscure form." The epithet mournful means "dreary."

Calling noise - a noise that sounds like a call, calls to return back.

The desired limit is the place to which the lyrical hero of the poem aspires.

We torment with cherished intent: we torment - short passive participle present tense, formed from the verb to languish, denotes a constant feeling of some kind of desire. Treasured intention - a secret, deeply sincere intention, idea, desire. Wayward impulses - here we mean a storm at sea with gusts of wind and unexpected bursts of waves; impulses are opposed to silence, calm: “How I loved ... And silence in the evening hour, / And wayward impulses!”

A humble sail is a modest boat of simple fishermen; metonymy is used: a boat with a sail - a sail.

Protected by your whim - the poet writes that the sea is unpredictable: even a modest boat, "kept by a whim", can calmly sail on it, but a "flock" of ships can sink.

Glides bravely - slides, floats on the water boldly, without fear.

My soul was torn - my soul aspired.

He directed the careless path: he directed the path - he went; carefree - carefree.

Memories are majestic - here: memories of the former greatness.

Indomitable - obeying no one, absolutely free.

Solemn beauty is a majestic beauty that evokes the impression of triumph and power.

The poem "To the Sea" was written by Pushkin in the fall of 1824, when he was already in. This poem was a kind of farewell to the south, the adventures he experienced, and to Byron, the ruler of thoughts, who died on April 19, 1924. It was a farewell to a whole period in the life of the poet, rich in experiences, events, communication and with interesting, spiritually rich people.

It should be noted that Byron left his mark on early work poet, but, returning to Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin felt the need for other creativity. Even in the south, he began to work on "Eugene Onegin", and new plans were already emerging in his mind.

The poem was published in 1925 in the journal Mnemosyne. In the 13th stanza, after the words "The world is empty ..." Pushkin put 3 rows of dots. On this occasion, the publishers of the magazine made a note:

“This poem was delivered to the publishers by Prince P. A. Vyazemsky in the original and is printed here exactly in the form in which it came from the pen of Pushkin himself. Some lists of it, walking around the city, are distorted by ridiculous additions.

The poem was written in the cold Mikhailovsky, and when you read it, the imagination draws a poet standing on a high bank, and below the sea plays with waves and beats against the rocks. Perhaps the idea of ​​the poem was born when the poet was still in Odessa, perhaps the first sketches of a wonderfully expressive work were made there.

The elegy is written in iambic tetrameter and pentameter, with cross-rhyming in stanzas, where male and female rhymes alternate.

Farewell, free element!
For the last time in front of me
You roll blue waves
And shine with proud beauty.

Like a friend's mournful murmur,
How to call him at the farewell hour,
Your sad noise, your inviting noise
I heard for the last time.

My soul's desired limit!
How often along your shores
I wandered silent and foggy,
We languish with cherished intent!

How I loved your reviews
Deaf sounds, abyss voice,
And silence in the evening
And wayward impulses!

The humble sail of the fishermen,
kept by your whim,
Glides bravely among the swells:
But you jumped, irresistible, -
And a flock of sinking ships.

Failed to leave forever
I'm bored, motionless shore,
Congratulate you with enthusiasm
And direct along your ridges
My poetic escape.

You waited, you called... I was chained;
Here my soul was torn:
Enchanted by mighty passion,
I stayed on the coast.

What to regret? Wherever now
Have I set out on a careless path?
One item in your wilderness
My soul would be struck.

One rock, tomb of glory...
They fell into a cold sleep
Memories are majestic:
Napoleon died there.

There he rested in torment.
And after him, like a storm noise,
Another genius rushed away from us,
Another ruler of our thoughts.

Disappeared, mourned by freedom,
Leaving the world your crown.
Shumi, get excited by bad weather:
He was, O sea, your singer.

Your image was marked on it
He was created by your spirit:
Like you, mighty, deep and gloomy,
Like you, invincible.>

The world is empty... Now where
Would you carry me, ocean?
The fate of people everywhere is the same:
Where there is a drop of good, there is on guard
Already enlightenment or a tyrant.

Farewell, sea! I won't forget
Your solemn beauty
And for a long, long time I will hear
Your buzz in the evening hours.

In the forests, in the deserts are silent
I will transfer, full of you,
Your rocks, your bays
And shine, and shadow, and the sound of waves.