I. Bunin's poem "Loneliness"
at the Russian language lesson

Lesson Objectives:

1. Preparation for writing an analysis of the poem.

2. Improving text analysis skills.

3. The development of students' speech.

4. Education of a careful and attentive attitude to the word.

Homework for the lesson: 1) repeat concepts metaphor, synecdoche, gradation, oxymoron, polyunion, rhetorical exclamation, default figure; 2) individual task: to prepare an expressive reading of Bunin's poem "Loneliness".

In the lesson, each student has a poem by I. Bunin on the table.

Loneliness

And the wind, and the rain, and the haze
///// Above the cold desert of water.
Here life died until spring,
///// The gardens were empty until spring.
I am alone at the cottage. I'm dark
Behind the easel, and blowing through the window.

Yesterday you were with me
///// But you are already sad with me.
In the evening of a rainy day

Well, goodbye! Sometime before spring
I will live alone - without a wife ...

Today they go on without end
///// The same clouds - ridge after ridge.
Your footprint in the rain at the porch
///// Blurred, filled with water.
And it hurts me to look alone
In the late afternoon gray darkness.

I wanted to shout out:



Well! I'll flood the fireplace, I'll drink ...
It would be nice to buy a dog.

An approximate plan for analyzing a poem:

1) Images, associations caused by reading a poem.

2) The main themes of the poem. Language means (lexical, morphological, syntactic, etc.) that help draw the reader's attention to the topic.

3) Images (sound, visual, etc.), their role. Language means that create images.

4) Compositional features of the poem. Parts of the lyrical plot.

5) Feelings of the lyrical hero (name). Development of feelings (if any). Language means that help express the feelings of the lyrical hero.

6) The character of the lyrical hero (name the character traits). Language means that contribute to the creation of the character of the hero.

7) Features of the rhythmic organization of verses, stanzas, rhymes, etc. (if there is).

9) The attitude of the reader to the work, to the author's position. (What thoughts, feelings does this poem evoke in the reader?)

LESSON STAGES

I. Work with the text on the teacher's questions.

II. Work on the introduction and conclusion.

III. Sample analysis of the poem.

Loneliness ... Probably, this feeling of disunity with people, isolation from the world visits everyone from time to time, so the theme of the poem is close to many readers.

The hero of the poem, experiencing a break with his beloved, feels not only abandoned, but alone in the whole world (in three stanzas of the poem, the word one), moreover, this world is hostile to the lyrical hero.

The past, present and future are intertwined in Bunin's work, and this alternation of times underlies the composition of the poem (the first stanza - today now, four lines of the second stanza - yesterday , the last two lines of the second stanza - tomorrow ; third line - today , four lines of the fourth stanza - yesterday , the last two lines of the fourth stanza - tomorrow ).

It can be noted that in the first and third stanzas the landscape is in the foreground, and in the second and fourth it is about relationships with a woman.

The poem begins with a landscape sketch, and a gloomy picture appears before the reader's eyes; this picture is voiced: an abundance of sonorants n, m, l conveys the monotonous incessant rumble of the wind that the lyrical hero of the poem hears. Polyunion at the beginning of the first stanza (And the wind, and the rain, and the haze) helps to connect visual and tactile images and convey to the reader a feeling of cold and darkness. This feeling is enhanced by the metaphor over cold desert water, this is how the outside world appears to the lyrical hero of the poem. The lifelessness of the surrounding space is emphasized by an oxymoron life is dead however, the hero has hope for the best: the word until spring, repeated at the junction of the third and fourth lines of the first stanza, has a restrictive meaning. We see the same word in the second stanza, but this stanza is no longer about natural phenomena, but about the feelings of the lyrical hero. Spring for the lyrical hero is the time of the resurrection of both nature and the soul. However, life until spring seems painful to the hero: adverb somehow(live) expresses all the joylessness of the future existence of an abandoned lover. The mental confusion of the lyrical hero, the feeling of instability are also conveyed by the combination of rhythms in the poem (amphibrachs alternate with anapaest).

In the third stanza, the reader has a landscape that is very different from the landscape of the first stanza: the circumstance until spring disappears, but circumstances appear without end and ridge after ridge and the reader understands that bad weather may never end for the lyrical hero; rain (from the first stanza) becomes rain, moreover, this rain, eroding the trace of the lyrical hero's beloved, deprives him of his last hope; and the haze through which you can see the silhouettes turns into gray darkness, absorbing everything. And if in the first stanza the lyrical hero is dark and cold (these feelings are given to the hero by the outside world), then in the third stanza the lyrical hero who has lost hope experiences mental pain.

What makes a lyrical hero unhappy? The poem itself is the hero's appeal to the departed beloved. The attitude of the lyrical hero to the beloved is shown in dynamics: began to look like a wife (in the second stanza) related (in the last stanza), but the stronger the hero's affection becomes, the more the beloved moves away from him. Speaking about the feelings of the heroine of the poem, the author resorts to reverse gradation (dreary with me - fell out of love - became a stranger). A sharp contrast of the characters' feelings is created with the help of contextual antonyms. (got related - fell out of love, began to seem like a wife - became a stranger), and the reader understands the full depth of the insoluble contradictions in the life of the lyrical hero.

What led the hero to the tragedy? The lyrical hero of the poem is a creative, reflective person, trying to comprehend what is happening. The abundance of nouns in the hero's speech indicates that the hero is more inclined to contemplation and analysis than to action. He is not sure that he can change something in life, give events a different turn. The feelings of the lyrical hero are not accidentally expressed in impersonal sentences. (it’s dark for me, it hurts, I wanted to scream): a person cannot control what happens to him, just as he cannot change the weather. Moreover, this attitude was inherent in the lyrical hero even before the departure of his beloved: yesterday the day was also rainy, the heroine was sadly , and the hero was also not sure about the future, or about his feelings:

In the evening of a rainy day
///// You began to seem like a wife to me ...

phrase began to seem and the default figure show the doubt of the lyrical hero, and the fact that the beloved was (and did not seem to be) a close person, the hero understands only after her departure (I'll live without a wife, I'm related).

However, the hero, who has realized the depth of his feelings, suffering after the departure of his beloved, does not believe in the possibility of the return of the heroine and therefore suppresses the desire to openly express his feelings:

I wanted to shout out:
///// "Come back, I'm related to you!".
But for a woman there is no past:
///// She fell out of love - and became a stranger to her.

The senselessness of attempts to return a beloved hero explains the peculiarity of female psychology (But for a woman there is no past: she fell out of love - and became a stranger to her), the synecdoche helps to express the idea that the inability to maintain a warm relationship when the passion has already died out is characteristic not only of the heroine of the poem, but of all women in general. Thus, the hero can only submit to circumstances, and in rhetorical exclamations Well, goodbye! (in the second stanza) and Well! (in the latter) one can hear the doom of the lyrical hero to a painful, joyless existence. The desperate lyrical hero finds himself alone in a cold and dark world, and the last two lines of the poem are the hero's attempt to look into the future:

Well! I'll flood the fireplace, I'll drink ...
It would be nice to buy a dog.

What is the future of the lyrical hero of the poem? On the one hand, he hopes to create an island of warmth and light (fireplace fire) in cold desert water , on the other hand, it seeks to renounce everything, forgetting about its problems, but not solving them (I will drink). And the dream of buying a dog will most likely remain a dream: all the illusory nature of the desire to find a loved one is expressed by an impersonal offer (It would be nice to buy a dog).

The world is cruel, happiness is impossible, people are losing each other, and we cannot change this, therefore we are doomed to loneliness - the reader of Bunin's poem comes to such conclusions. But the more convincing the author of the work, the more I want to believe that you can wait for spring, change the world around you, and that loneliness is only a temporary state of a person.

I.A. RUDENKO,
Magnitogorsk
city ​​multidisciplinary lyceum
at MSTU,
them. Nosova

The theme of love is central in the work of I.A. Bunin. How many stories the writer dedicated to her! Suffice it to name the cycle "Dark Alleys", which strikes us with a variety of plots and images. This theme was also reflected in Bunin's poetry. Freshness and youthful strength of feelings, delight and despair of passion, the thought of the immutability and eternity of love - these are the main motives that sound in many of his poems.

"Loneliness" is one of the masterpieces of his lyrics. Bunin's handwriting as a poet is notable for its sharpness (men's clauses give clarity to the verse) and a restrained cold manner of expression. Here Bunin is the heir to classical traditions.

The name of the poem sets its main motive: after a break with his beloved, the lyrical hero feels loneliness. At the lexical level, this is emphasized by the use of words and sentences with the corresponding meaning: “desert”, “deserted”, “I am alone in the country”, “I will live alone”, “it hurts to look alone”.

The motive of loneliness is accompanied by motives of sadness and sadness. Such a mood is evoked by the words “died”, “dreary”, “painful”, “out of love”, “alien”. The homelessness, orphanhood of the hero after the departure of his beloved reflects the landscape in the poem: “and the wind, and the rain, and the haze over the cold desert of water”, “the gardens are empty”, “the evening of a rainy day”, “today the same clouds go on endlessly - ridge after ridge "," evening gray darkness. The lyrical hero feels darkness and cold both in nature and in his soul: “it’s dark for me behind the easel”, “it’s blowing through the window”. He has a desire for physical and spiritual warmth: “Well! I’ll flood the fireplace, I’ll drink ... It would be nice to buy a dog ... ”. The poem contrasts reality and desire, dream, hope.

The mood of despondency, melancholy, hopelessness emphasizes the consonance of vowels [and], [y], [s]:

And the wind, and the rain, and the haze

Above the cold desert water.

Until spring, the gardens are empty ...

The emotional excitement of Bunin's lyrical hero conveys the absence of a clear rhythm: throughout the poem, amphibrachs and anapaest replace each other. On a homeless autumn day, the hero wants to return the past: “Come back! I have bonded with you!" But his call remains unanswered.

Love is gone... To express this thought, the author needs a single, but capacious in its expressiveness, detail: "Your footprint in the rain at the porch blurred, filled with water." As the rain blurs the traces, so the memory of yesterday's feeling will be erased by time.

We do not learn anything about the reasons for the quarrel that happened: what happened between the hero and the heroine is omitted. Only the denouement of the love story is given: “Well, goodbye! Somehow I will live alone until spring ... without a wife ... ". Although the work is based on a sad motive, this poem, in my opinion, cannot be called absolutely pessimistic: it expresses not only the bitterness of loneliness and the pain of loss, but also hope.

Indeed, autumn brings with it the dying of nature, separation. "Well!" - in this exclamation (it is repeated twice in the poem) humility, humility to fate sounds. But life died only "until spring." The feeling of hope is conveyed by lexical repetition: “Here life died until spring, the gardens were empty until spring”, “Somehow I will live until spring and be alone without a wife…”. With spring, rebirth, new love, new meetings and dreams will come to the hero. Happiness follows suffering.

During his career, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin created a large number of stories and poems. In most of his works, he used the theme of love, loneliness, and parting with loved ones. It was these life questions that aroused the writer's particular interest, since to one degree or another they concerned certain life situations that occurred in his personal life.

The prose presented to the reader is especially poetic, the poems are full of simplicity and conciseness. A striking example of a worthy creation is the work "Loneliness".

The plot of the poem tells about a lyrical hero who is very worried after parting with a loved one. There are no special lofty phrases in the work, and the plot is complex on the basis of ironic sadness. It is about past love, which led to parting, that the work “Loneliness” tells. To feel the extraordinary poetic intent. You will need to carefully analyze the work.

Loneliness

And the wind, and the rain, and the haze
Above the cold desert water.
Here life died until spring,
Until spring, the gardens are empty.
I am alone at the cottage. I'm dark
Behind the easel, and blowing through the window.

Yesterday you were with me
But you're already sad with me.
In the evening of a rainy day
You seem like a wife to me...
Well, goodbye! Sometime before spring
I will live alone - without a wife ...

Today they go on without end
The same clouds - ridge after ridge.
Your footprint in the rain at the porch
Fluffed up, filled with water.
And it hurts me to look alone
In the late afternoon gray darkness.

I wanted to shout out:
"Come back, I'm related to you!"
But for a woman there is no past:
She fell out of love - and became a stranger to her.
Well! I'll light the fireplace, I'll drink...
It would be nice to buy a dog.

Writer's loneliness

In Bunin's poem "Loneliness", love is presented as a certain fleeting happiness. Such feelings always end sooner or later and lead to parting. But it should be noted that in the work these sensations are tightly intertwined with philosophical reasoning.

The author asks himself the question: “What does the soul really experience at the moment of separation? How to survive such a breakup? It is these issues that are addressed in the work. The poet tried to convey to the reader as tightly and openly as possible the sensations that are located inside a person.

All the poet's work is full of thoughts about love. This suggests that Ivan Alekseevich often experienced these emotions himself. Almost all of the writer's works bring the theme of loneliness to a central place.

The presence of these emotions in Bunin is easily explained. For a long time he lived far from his homeland. The writer constantly traveled and changed one settlement after another. The place of residence was constantly different and this greatly affected his personal life and worldview.

It should be noted that the poem "Loneliness" was written at a time when the author had not yet emigrated. The key events in his life were still very far away. But the work, created back in 1903, immediately caused a stir.

After a thorough analysis of the work, it becomes clear that already at the age of 33, the author perfectly understood what the pain of loss is. Although he still had his whole life ahead of him, many of the "rules of the game" were already clear to him.

The history of writing the work "Loneliness"

Initially, it should be noted that the poem presented to the reader is dedicated to a person close to the author - the artist-painter Peter Nilus. Bunin notes that this figure also at one time experienced similar sensations that are described in the work.

Already the first lines of the verse explain that the person described in the work is a creative and abandoned person. The author of the work, Ivan Bunin, appears in the same image. The author describes himself as a talented and lonely artist who conveys his paintings in the form of words. Dedicating the work to his friend, he tried to convey the poetry of the poem as openly as possible, in which he places his feelings and experiences.

At that moment in life, when Ivan Alekseevich wrote his work, the author was still married. It should be noted that these bonds did not last long, although the divorce was not finalized very soon. Bunin's bride did not love and did not appreciate him, but preferred to visit various entertainment venues and specially organized evenings. She did not understand the poet himself and did not share his interests with him. She was not interested in what her husband wrote and about what, his works had never been read by her. All this gave the writer a feeling of loneliness, and Bunin himself later admitted that he had fallen out of love with his wife.

It should also be noted that the work was created precisely in the summer season, but it described autumn. Here there are a large number of techniques from the style, as well as special images are presented to the reader.

Features of the image of nature in the poem "Loneliness"

In the work, the author pays special attention to autumn. It is the bad weather and the withering of nature that fully convey the nostalgic mood of the author. The poet would hardly have been able to create a mood of sadness and especially sadness if he described, for example, the singing of cheerful birds, or a rainbow-colored landscape saturated with the sun. Despite the fact that the work was written on a warm summer day, the author's inner state was very sad. This is reflected in the sad story.

For every poet and writer of that time, landscape and natural nature were the main artistic images that are able to accurately convey the situation that surrounded the main lyrical hero at that time. Nature has always helped writers to convey the inner state as accurately as possible.

Pay special attention to the first stanzas. Here the poet describes the space around him. It is rain, and haze, and constant cold. Such images immediately convey to the reader the features of the mood, overflowing with sadness and melancholy. The whole picture created, presented in the form of a dull landscape, tells the reader that life has stopped. The author also notes that this will not always continue and sooner or later spring will come on the path of life.

Features of the lyrical hero in the work "Loneliness"

You can understand how frank the image of the hero is in front of the reader immediately after the initial description of the outside situation. The author does not pay much attention to the person represented in the creation, and sets out his description in a short form. It is worth noting that it immediately becomes clear that this person is a painter.

Bunin's work "Loneliness" is a cross between a special confession and a monologue about the life path. The author says that a person belongs to the world of sadness and sadness.

For many centuries, the image of the artist has been a symbol of a certain sadness, as well as an unfulfilled dream, among poets and writers. After all, a true painter is constantly striving to create his own world, which sometimes, in fact, does not exist at all. Artists always dream of something that can never come true in real life, and they describe their dreams on canvases. This is exactly what the lyrical hero is, which is presented in the work of Ivan Alekseevich. He constantly suffers from loneliness and is filled with longing, but he hopes that such a state will leave him sooner or later.

Analysis of the poem "Loneliness"

Most of the lines in the work indicate precisely the loneliness that the author experienced during that period of his life.

It should be noted that the work is written in the form of a three-foot anapaest. This style allows you to draw the reader's attention to the artistic talent presented by the author. It is it that is a sign of the skill of belles-lettres. The poem describes moments in life. Fragments from the history of the poet himself and his tragedy. The writer was able to fully convey the subtle shades of feelings that a person constantly experiences when he is alone.

The work shows a lyrical hero who was left alone. All the feelings and experiences of the main character merge with the description of nature, which leaves no chance for a quick fix. The landscape is in complete harmony with the emptiness of the internal state: slush, endless clouds, freezing rain.

Parting turned out to be a heavy burden, from which it is difficult to get rid of in a short time. Confusion from loneliness torments the protagonist. But humility comes to the rescue, and even some indifference. There are no more illusions. We'll have to wait for spring: in nature, in relationships, in life.

Loneliness is one of the leading problems of I. Bunin's creativity. It is interestingly interpreted in the poem of the same name, which is studied in grade 11. We offer to learn more about it using a brief analysis of "Loneliness" according to the plan.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the work was written in 1903 in the summer, when the poet was in Constantinople, dedicated to Peter Nilus.

Theme of the poem- breakup and loneliness.

Composition- The monologue of the lyrical hero, this is the form the author chose to reveal the topic, can be divided into three semantic parts: a landscape sketch, a story about the departure of a beloved woman, descriptions of the inner state of a lyrical hero experiencing a spiritual drama.

Genre- an elegy with elements of a message.

Poetic size- three-foot anapaest, rhyming parallel AABB and cross ABAB.

Metaphors – “desert of water”, “life died until spring”, “the same clouds go on endlessly”.

epithets – "cold desert", "rainy day", "afternoon gray darkness".

History of creation

The history of creation is connected with the life of not only I. Bunin, but also his friend. It is known that the poem is dedicated to Peter Nilus, a friend of the artist Ivan Alekseevich. This explains why the easel is mentioned in the first stanza. Nilus, like Bunin, suffered from loneliness.

It is also worth noting that at the time of writing the work, Ivan Alekseevich’s relationship with his wife had deteriorated greatly. The poet suffered from the fact that his wife did not share his views. Anna reproached him for callousness. After a year of marriage, Tsakni left her husband and left for Odessa. Bunin experienced these events very hard. Apparently, they were also reflected in the analyzed poem, which appeared in 1903 in Constantinople.

Topic

In the poem, the author develops interrelated themes of loneliness and breakup. To do this, he uses landscape and psychological sketches, and also succinctly reproduces the parting scene. In the center of the poem is a lyrical hero and his beloved.

The work begins with a landscape that creates a sad atmosphere of a lonely stay in the country. The lyrical hero sadly looks at the deserted garden, the weather is not happy either: “and the wind, and the rain, and the haze.” The landscape reflects the inner state of the hero. The man says that he was left alone in the country, where it is dark and windy. This detail also suggests what is going on in his soul.

In the following stanzas, the reader will learn about the reason for the sadness of the lyrical hero. It turns out that he was abandoned by the woman who became his wife. The man knows that it is useless to try to return his beloved, so he lets her go, saying: "I will live alone - without a wife ...".

The next day after the woman left, it also turned out to be overcast. Seems like nature is crying over a broken heart. The lyrical hero peers into the darkness to the last, keeping the hope that the "wife" will return.

In the last stanza, A. Bunin demonstrates his knowledge of female nature. His lyrical hero believes that women easily break with the past, former lovers quickly become strangers to them. The man does not see a way out of this situation. His hands drop, so the only thing he can do tonight is light the fire and drink. Irony emanates from the last verse. A man, desperate to find a faithful life partner, dreams of a dog.

In the context of the stated topic, the idea is developed that it is necessary to protect feelings, not to give a person hopes, if you know that the relationship has no future.

Composition

To develop the theme, the author chose the form of a lyrical hero's monologue. It can be divided into three semantic parts: a landscape sketch, a story about the departure of a beloved woman, descriptions of the inner state of a lyrical hero experiencing a spiritual drama. Formally, the work consists of four six-verse lines.

Genre

The genre of the work is an elegy with elements of a message: the lyrical hero sadly talks about what torments his soul, and in the second stanza he turns to his beloved. The poetic size is a three-foot anapaest. The text uses cross ABAB and parallel AABB rhyming. Rhymes are masculine.

means of expression

The poem by I. Bunin is not rich in means of expression, but they help the author to convey the feelings of the lyrical hero, to interpret the theme of loneliness in an original way. The text has metaphors- “desert of water”, “life died until spring”, “the same clouds go on endlessly” and epithets- “cold desert”, “rainy day”, “afternoon gray darkness”.

Expressiveness of the emotions of the lyrical hero gives intonation. The author uses broken syntactic constructions and exclamatory sentences. A gloomy mood is also conveyed with the help of alliteration: “r”, “z”, “g”, “w”: “But for a woman there is no past: she fell out of love - and became a stranger to her.”

During his life, I. A. Bunin created many worthy works. In many poems, the poet turned to the theme of love and loneliness, described a sad parting. It was these questions that aroused particular interest in the poet, and one example of such a poem is “Loneliness”, which was published in 1904. Without any lofty or loud phrases, the poet was able to write a work that conveys the most subtle shades of the palette of human experiences.

First scene

An analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness" should begin with a description of the landscape that opens up to the reader from the very first lines of the poetic work. We see a rather gloomy picture, to enhance which the poet uses the technique of polyunion ("And the wind and the rain ..."). This method allows the reader to further enhance the feeling of loneliness, plunge into its gloomy atmosphere.

Artistic media

Already from the first lines you can understand what the author of the poem feels. This is a feeling of heaviness. However, his protagonist still hopes that he can still be happy, which is expressed in the repeated phrase "until spring". But all the same, even this “until spring” is painful for the narrator. When analyzing the poem "Loneliness" by Bunin and the means of expression used by the poet, one can also mention the expression "life died before spring." It also uses the technique of an oxymoron - the simultaneous use of two words that are opposite in meaning.

To create a sad atmosphere, Bunin also uses such a literary device as a metaphor. For example, in phrases such as "over the cold desert of water", "it's dark for me." "Desert" and "darkness" for the poet do not appear in their traditional sense, but are definitions of his inner state. In the analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness", it must be emphasized that the main character sees his existence as completely bleak. The realization that he was happy yesterday, and today his life is filled with longing, oppresses the poet. His inner world, although filled with longing, is still ambiguous. The reader “reconstructs” the details in the process of reading the poem.

dedication

In the analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness", it is necessary to mention the fact that his main character is a master, a man of art. He knows no stop in his work. Initially, the poet dedicated this poem to his friend, the artist P. Nilus (which is why the work contains a mention of an “easel”, behind which it is “dark”). Perhaps the artist in his life experienced something similar to that described in the poem, which was known to Bunin himself. An analysis of some lines indicates that the lyrical hero of the work is a creative, abandoned person. Despite the fact that Bunin dedicated the poem to his friend, he also conveyed his own feelings in the work.

Analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness" according to the plan

As in the work on the analysis of any other work, the student in his work must adhere to the plan. In the case of preparing homework for the poem "Loneliness", it will be like this:

1. Author and title of the poem.
2. History of its creation. It can be mentioned that it was first published in 1904 and dedicated to a friend of the poet.
3. What is the poem about. The poet talks about loneliness after parting. Love for a poet is just a fleeting happiness.
4. The lyrical hero is, in this case, a lonely artist. He experiences his pain without lofty phrases, his sadness is rather ironic.
5. Artistic means. Bunin used oxymoron, metaphor, personification, polyunion.
6. The rhythm of the verse is a three-foot anapaest.
7. Student's personal opinion.

The theme of parting in the poem

If it is necessary to make an analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness" briefly, then we can limit ourselves to the characteristics of the main character, the artistic means used by the poet, and the main idea of ​​​​the work. The protagonist of the poem is an artist. As you know, the image of a painter in literature is always associated with some kind of suffering, the inability to make their dreams come true. The artist's spiritual throwing is directed towards what in reality no longer exists. The protagonist, with pain in his soul, reflects on parting with a woman.

The anguish of a lyrical hero

With the help of reason, he tries to overcome the emptiness of being that has fallen upon him. He is in no hurry to immediately turn to everyday life, as if nothing had happened. For the narrator, all those details that are directly related to his spiritual loss are important, for example, such as "a footprint in the rain on the porch." In the analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness", one can also mention that the hero is aware of the futility of his attempts to return his beloved. “But for a woman there is no past,” he says, realizing that a girl who has fallen in love with another will never return to him.

Only loneliness now dominates the soul of the hero. He cannot in any way overcome it, nor forget about it. It may seem that the main character is completely doomed. However, this is not quite true. He says:

"Sometime before spring

I will live alone - without a wife ... "

Laconism in a poem

An analysis of the artistic means in Bunin's poem "Loneliness" shows us that the poet uses not only metaphor, oxymoron and polyunion, but also such a method as laconism. For example, in the following lines:

"Well! I'll light the fireplace, I'll drink...

It would be nice to buy a dog.

Laconism first began to be used by poets at the beginning of the 20th century, when complete confusion and mental turmoil are conveyed with the help of one indifferent phrase, the meaning of which has nothing to do with the subject of the poet's suffering. A person who is doomed to loneliness due to the departure of his beloved is in no hurry to splash out his experiences and emotions. The expression “I will flood the fireplace” suggests that the main character wants to somehow disperse the darkness and longing that fanned his soul. But the phrase “I will drink” indicates that he resorts to the age-old way of getting rid of suffering, an attempt to “drown” them in wine.

This suggests that despair has settled in his soul, which not everyone can overcome. The poet writes that he would like to buy a dog. This also indicates a spiritual need for a close being. A faithful dog will never leave his master, unlike a woman. However, he is not yet quite ready to return to normal after his shock. After all, “buying a dog” already means starting to exist by taking action. However, the lyrical hero adds the “would” particle, which is used to express the hope that his life will be formed.

ending

In the last stanza of this confessional poem, the last hope of the poet suddenly comes to life for a moment. He writes that he wanted to shout to his beloved: “Come back!” However, she realizes that the past is forever forgotten for her, she no longer feels love for him. Fully realizing his loneliness, the lyrical hero ironically plans to buy a dog. In the poem, Bunin also used such a literary device as gradation. The intensity of experiences occurs gradually. However, reaching its highest point, passion subsides in the last stanzas. Ivan Bunin portrays the longing of loneliness sadly, but concisely.

The size

You also need to indicate in the analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness" and size. It is three-syllable, the poet uses the three-foot anapaest, which is one of the most elegiac meters of all Russian poetry. It perfectly conveys the feeling of melancholy, despondency with its smoothness and slowness. However, the poem is not completely written in three-foot anapaest.

The first lines of all stanzas and the third lines (except the 4th stanza) use a three-foot amphibrach, and this breaks the rhythm a little, demonstrating to the reader that the poet's life is not as monotonous as it might seem at first. An analysis of Ivan Bunin's poem "Loneliness" helps students better understand the possibilities of various poetic sizes that poets of the Silver Age use in their creations. The elegiac despondency is well conveyed by the rhythm used by the poet. The protagonist wants to calm down, but the time has not yet come for his spiritual wounds to heal.