The alphabet is cut. Syllables and stress

Laying out words and sentences from a split alphabet is a stage in learning to read and write. Laying out is preferable to writing in block letters, because at the initial stages of training, it makes the task of the child a little easier. Choosing an alphabet Split alphabet - pieces of cardboard with letters written or printed on them. You can try to buy a ready-made split alphabet in the stationery store, but you need to choose it carefully.

Such an alphabet can, if desired, be hung on the wall in order to better remember the letters. But it is not suitable for literacy classes. Pictures will distract the child, two letters are written on the cards, and the pictures themselves are not always well chosen.

Another option is the box office of letters. Disadvantages: the cards are small for preschoolers, they spill out of the pocket, the pockets are opaque, so the letters are not visible, the paper is thin, you have to stick it on cardboard. Pros: no need to do it yourself, there is a chance that it will come in handy at school.

It is best to make a split alphabet yourself with your child. The optimal size of the cards is 3x3 or 4x4 cm. The letters can be printed on a computer or written by hand and ask the child to color in: vowels in red, consonants in black. This will help you remember the letters better.

How to practice?

Instruction: "Listen carefully. What is the first sound? AAAAU" The adult pulls, highlights the first sound with his voice. The child calls the first sound, after that he finds and puts the corresponding letter on the table.

"Listen, what's the next sound? Awww." Similarly, the next letter is laid out on right from the previous one.
Important: immediately teach to lay out letters, pictures from left to right.

"How many sounds did I name? How many letters are on the table?"

If the child cannot distinguish sounds, he is asked to carefully look at the mouth of an adult, paying attention to articulation, a change in the position of the lips. Once again, the syllable or word is pronounced, stretching the desired sound until the child hears it. Sooner or later it will work.

When the child is easy enough to decompose the word into sounds, the words are no longer pronounced with the voice of individual sounds.

Important: after the child lays out the word from the split alphabet, he must read it. It is to read, and not to repeat from memory.

What words are we putting out?

We start not with words at all, but with syllables. First, reverse syllables (at, it, mind ...), then direct ones (ha, but, mu). After that, we move on to words, gradually complicating the structure of the word (poppy, arc, lemons, sofa, etc.)

Important: At preschool age, the child is offered words that are spelled as they are heard, i.e. the words "m about l about ko", "with l nce", "du b"should not be given, because the child will lay out as he hears: "sun", "dup". Spelling rules will be introduced at school. Our task is to form basic skills. You should also be very careful with words, in which letters occur i, e, e, u, because they denote two sounds and you can get "yolka", "yula">

Why post and not write?

1. Writing is harder than posting because the child needs to remember the image of the letter (and not choose from the proposed one). The process of writing requires good eye-hand coordination. Thus, we complicate the still unformed skill of decomposing a word into sounds (analysis) and folding words from letters (synthesis), provoking unnecessary errors.
2. The writing of the printed version of many letters differs from the handwritten one, in some cases dramatically. It is possible that the child may subsequently confuse printed and capital letters in writing.
3. Children with OHP tend to get tired quickly and become distracted. Therefore, you can productively engage with them for 10-15 minutes, and sometimes less. Is it worth spending this time teaching a child to print letters?

Parents often say: "But he wants to learn to write." In this case, start by teaching your child how to hold a pencil correctly and navigate on a sheet of notebook. Most of our children do not know how. It is better to write in notebooks in a large cell, each letter should fit into its cell.

Vreneva E.P., teacher-speech therapist

The letters of the Russian alphabet are divided into vowels and consonants. There are 10 vowels, this is A E E AND O U Y E Yu Ya. Consonants 21 - B C D E F G H Y K L M N P R S T V Y Z. There are 33 letters in total.

Letters Kommersant and b are neither vowels nor consonants.

Spend time with your child in an interesting and useful way. We wish you success.

How to play with a child using cards with letters?

Game number 1. Name the letter.

Before you start playing this game, introduce your child to a few letters.

You show the kid a card with a letter, and he calls which letter is written. For the correct answer, the child receives a token. At the end of the game there is a prize. Please note that vowels are written in red, and consonants are written in blue.

Tell your child that sounds are vowels and consonants. Vowel sounds are easy to sing, shout, pronounce. Nothing interferes in the mouth - neither lips nor tongue. Let the child guess what the vowel sound is in the words: poppy, forest, cat, house, etc.

And consonants. When pronouncing them in the mouth, something constantly interferes - either the lips or the tongue. Play, let the child name the consonants that he hears: day, meadow, juice, poppy, etc.

Use this game to learn all the letters of the alphabet.

Game number 2. Name words starting with a given letter.

Suggest any letter that the baby knows, and take turns calling words that start with that letter. Now let the child choose the letter, come up with words again, continue the same way.

Game number 3. Who says so?

Before starting the game, choose one card with a letter that begins with a consonant (for example, m). Next to this letter, put a letter denoting a vowel sound (for example, "a").

At first, you should not push the child and insist that he read more syllables. Focus on the question: "Who says so?" The child must answer which animal gives a voice like that.

Give a chip for each correct answer. Over time, the game can be played in a group of children and a competition can be organized, who will quickly and correctly name the proposed syllables.

Game number 4. Change the vowel.

In this game, the first letter remains unchanged - the consonant, and the letters that represent the vowel sound change. For example: ma, mo, mu, mi, me, we, me. Then the first letter can be replaced (the child can choose the letter himself) and continue reading.

Game number 5. Change the consonant.

In this game, the first letter remains unchanged - the vowel, and the letters that represent the consonant sound change. For example: am, an, hell, av, ash, ar, at. Then the first letter can be replaced (the child can choose the letter himself) and continue reading.

Game number 6. Funny letter combinations.

This game is perhaps the most difficult at this stage of learning, since the child needs to read letter combinations that consist only of consonants (fl, zv, kr, sl, st, br, ch, pl, chl, zm, kr, dv, sk, sq.). To interest the child, invite him to choose the funniest letter combination from those that he reads.

Game number 7. Create a syllable.

Using letter cards, have your child write the syllable you name. For a correctly completed task, the child receives a token.

In a group of children, you can organize a competition with prizes. The first person to create a syllable will receive a token. At the end of the game, according to the number of chips received, the winner is selected, who receives a prize.

Game number 8. Put the word together.

Using cards with letters, you need to add a word of three, and later of four or five letters, invented by a partner in the game. For example, you named the word "garden", and the child must put it together from letters. Then vice versa, the child calls a word of three letters, and you add it up. be sure to ask the child to check whether you completed the task correctly. For the sake of interest and to test attentiveness, sometimes make mistakes. Let the child identify them. Each correctly spelled word is rewarded with a chip. Whoever gets the most chips wins.

Bright, colored cards with the letters of the Russian alphabet.

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Exercises with a split alphabet during the period of literacy

The process of acquiring literacy by students is very complex. It requires a certain level of development of attention, will, observation, speech, and most importantly, the development of children's thinking. To teach a schoolchild to learn means not only to give him the first skills of reading and writing, but also to instill in him the necessary skills of educational work, to teach him to think and work independently. Education of children can be successful provided that each child develops creative abilities in the process of acquiring knowledge, acquires the skills of independent work with educational material. K. D. Ushinsky said that the primary task of elementary school is to teach children to learn, to acquire knowledge and skills on their own. At present, the education of activity and independence is one of the important tasks of the education of students.

Every teacher is familiar with the work on the split alphabet, but not everyone uses it to a sufficient extent. Usually, at the beginning of literacy, all students have a split alphabet, and work on it starts normally, but it does not always continue until the end of the literacy period. But when teaching literacy, the cut alphabet is a very important didactic tool. With its help, it is convenient and easy to teach students to compose a word, divide it into syllables. We moved the letters apart - we read by syllables. Shifted - we read together, together. With the help of a split alphabet, it is convenient to exercise students in independently compiling and reading a number of words, changing only one letter in a word. It is easy to compose any word from the letters of the split alphabet by inserting and removing letters, directing students' attention to that part of the word, the replacement of which changes its meaning, to exercise in reading the composed word.

Letter exercises:

Show letters: k, h, a, t etc.
Name the letters. (The teacher shows different letters.)

Syllable exercises:

Show syllables: shu, you, but, pa etc.
Name the syllable. (The teacher shows different syllables.)

Syllable recognition is improved to the point where showing a letter or making a sound elicits a quick response from children who either show the letter or make the sound. The same thing happens with syllables. Children can do these exercises on their own. One student shows the letter, the other calls it. Then the players change roles. Exercises with letters alternate with exercises in reading syllables. Work with syllables can be varied. For example: find and put in front of you a syllable but, then syllables: gu, pa, si, ry, sha. Put together words from these syllables, as many as you can. Such exercises facilitate mastering the skill of reading.

Working with syllable tables:

I attach great importance to working with syllabic tables. It both strengthens the skill of syllabic reading, and develops the independence of students. For children, this is an interesting job that evokes the spirit of competition.

Task: Make words from these syllables. Who can guess more words?
Words: mother, small, gone, Mura, frame, Shura.
Words: morning, lemon, saw, sawed, strength, write, poured, car, fell, Roma, mala, tire, lila, wore, wore.

O	US	RO	PY
ON	SI	CI	SOS
MA	THEN	MASH	LI

According to this table, you can give children a specific task: to make words - the names of trees.

Words: aspens, poplars, pines, lindens.

It is worth replacing a small letter in some syllables with a capital letter, you get the names of the children: Tom, Roma, Sima.

KA	GI	YOU
LAM	dos	CEE
SOI	PA	STEAM

Task: Write the names of cool things.

Words: books, desks, flowers, lamp.

MA	CEST	BA	BROTHER
DE	PA	BUSH	RA
PA	KA	SHOWER	MA

Task: make up the names of family members and add them from the cut alphabet.

KO	OV	LI	GU
KU	PER	RO	SA
VA	SI	TSY	ry

Task: Add the names of animals on your typesetting canvas.