St. George ribbon history of appearance. St. George's Ribbon: History and Significance

The St. George Ribbon is an integral part of the Order of St. George, an award that was established by Empress Catherine II to celebrate her officers for merit on the battlefield and long service in military ranks. The most famous commanders had the honor to wear it on their chests. Russian Empire- Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov and Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.

From the Russian Empire to the Russian Federation

What do the colors symbolize George Ribbon, is not exactly known. Exist different versions. Count Litta wrote in 1833 that, according to Catherine II, the ribbon connects the color of gunpowder and fire. The Russian officer S. Andolenko, who compiled the most complete collection of drawings and descriptions of the regimental badges of the Russian army, does not agree with this opinion. According to him, these colors have been state colors since the time when the Russian national emblem became double-headed eagle on a golden background.

History of the Order of St. George and the St. George Ribbon

1769 - Catherine II established the Order of St. George. It was supposed to be worn on a special ribbon with two yellow and three black stripes.
1770 - Commander P.A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky became the first holder of the Order of St. George, I degree.
1782 - For the Order of St. George, a special house was granted, where the Office of the Order, its archive, seal and goat were located.
1782 - The Order Duma was established with the right to consider submissions for awarding the Order of the III and IV degrees.
1806 - Introduced premium St. George's banners. At the top was placed George Cross, and under the pommel - St. George's ribbon with tassels. For reference: the pommel is an element of the banner at the top of the pole (the pole on which the banner is attached).
1807 - For soldiers and non-commissioned officers, the St. George Cross was established (only officers were awarded the Order of St. George).
1812 - M. I. Kutuzov became the first holder of all four degrees of the Order of St. George.
1833 - A new statute of the Order of St. George was approved with a detailed listing of the distinctions for which it can be awarded.
1849 - Names St. George Knights began to celebrate on marble plaques in the Georgievsky Hall of the Kremlin.
1855 - By order of Alexander II, the Order of St. George began to be awarded exclusively for military merit(previously it was also awarded for length of service).
1855 - Lanyards (a loop with a brush on a sword or saber) of St. George's colors appeared on premium officer's weapons.
1857 - The rule was canceled, according to which, upon receiving the senior degree of the Order, the junior one was handed over to the Chapter of Orders.
1917 - After October revolution The Order and the George Cross were abolished. But in parts of the White Army, they were awarded until 1920.
1943 - The Order of Glory was established, the colors of the ribbon of which almost completely repeated the colors of the St. George ribbon.
1945 - The medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was established. It was also supposed to be worn on a ribbon of St. George's flowers.
1992 - Presidium Supreme Council Russian Federation restored the Order and the George Cross.
2000 - By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the statute of the restored Order was approved.
2008 -The first awards of the Order of St. George have passed since its restoration. Members of the operation "Forcing Georgia to Peace" became holders of the Order.

Order of St. George, 1st class and Star

1 Pommel - an element of the banner at the top of the pole (the pole on which the cloth is attached)
2 Lanyard - a loop with a brush on a sword or saber

AT last years During the May holidays, the St. George Ribbon campaign gained wide popularity. Needless to say, this is in some way an introduction to the memory of the dead and, ultimately, a victory over Nazi Germany. It is worth remembering this before hanging this commemorative sign anywhere.

It seems that not so long ago the St. George ribbon became an attribute of Victory Day. Meanwhile, twelve years have passed. Recall that the tradition was laid down by Moscow journalists and it was picked up almost immediately throughout the country, as well as abroad. Picked up so fast because the symbol has a long and glorious history. And the candidate reminded us of her on the eve of the next Victory Day historical sciences Alexander Semenenko.

The St. George Ribbon is a memory of the two-color ribbon for the Order of St. George, the St. George Cross and the St. George Medal. The award came at the height Russian-Turkish war when Empress Catherine II established an order in honor of George the Victorious. “George the Victorious is considered the patron of the Russian army. In addition, he is depicted as a patron on the coat of arms of Moscow. And then there was such a long tradition that George the Victorious is first of all a person, and then a symbol of the inflexibility of the Russian spirit. The introduction of such an order should have contributed to the rise of the soldiers, ”says our interlocutor.

The order, as he notes, is accompanied by a heraldic component, and it found its origins in existing symbols: “Black is the symbol of the eagle, and the eagle is the coat of arms of the Russian Empire. The orange field was originally yellow. I want to note that orange and yellow are considered a kind of golden field. This is the field of the Russian state emblem».

Here true value ribbon colors. But today you often hear that gamma means smoke and flame. As an option - gunpowder and flame. Sounds nice, but it's not true. And it also has a long history. In the nineteenth century, as some sources note, some nobles wrote that "the immortal legislator who established this order believed that its ribbon connects the color of gunpowder and the color of fire."

“The conventional wisdom that orange symbolizes fire, and black symbolizes ash or smoke is fundamentally wrong,” Alexander Mikhailovich assures. - There is a classic heraldry. Such comparisons are outside of science. St. George's Ribbon is historical image and it is better to work with explanations of classical heraldry rather than invent something. I propose to agree with the arguments of Catherine II. Black is the heraldic color of the eagle. The double-headed eagle is now both the Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation and the Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire, which we borrowed in the era of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, thanks, among other things, to his second wife Zoya, or Sophia Paleolog. And yellow or Orange color, as we said, is a kind of heraldic understanding of the golden color around the state emblem. George the Victorious himself became a kind of symbol of Russia. Although it is worth noting that George is close to both Muslims and some other religions, so representatives of different faiths come to our Victory Square with pleasure to pay tribute to those who fought for the freedom of our Motherland.”

The image of the St. George ribbon was dear to the people and in Soviet time. During the Great Patriotic War, it became clear that national heraldic traditions also needed to be revived. “And when the guards were born in the battle near Moscow, guards ribbons appeared, they were slightly modified, but the St. George component was the basis. Then the Order of Glory appears for soldiers and sergeants, there, too, on the order block we see the St. George ribbon. Well, when Soviet Union won the war, the medal "For the Victory over Germany" appeared, on the order block there is also a St. George ribbon. And if we look anniversary medals among our veterans, the St. George format is reproduced everywhere, ”the historian explains.

The chain of times, according to the interlocutor, closed when in 2005 at the celebration of the next anniversary Great Victory people wanted to find some kind of symbol that would not be invented, but would take into account and Russian traditions, and Soviet and would be understandable to modern youth. “The St. George ribbon has become such a symbol. She gained popularity very quickly. Twelve years have passed, and it became clear that this is a good designation of the holiday and participation in it. And, of course, this is a kind of belonging to the Russian world, a sign that you remember the victories of your ancestors, and these are Nevsky, Kutuzov, Bagration, Zhukov, Vasilevsky, ”says Alexander Semenenko.

As you can see, it was not necessary to invent anything in order to get a symbol of a great holiday that is bright and close to millions. “You just need to comprehend the traditions and carefully try to recreate everything. If it had been superficial, artificially imposed, it would probably have been rejected. The ribbon continues to live, and it continues to unite us all - both the fallen, and the living, and those who will come after us, ”concludes the interlocutor.

Black and yellow but they reproduce the colors of the state emblem under Catherine II: a black double-headed eagle on a gold background. The image of George both on the state emblem and on the cross (award) itself had the same colors: on a white horse white George in a yellow cloak, killing a black snake with a spear, respectively, white cross with yellow and black ribbon. Here is the true meaning of ribbon colors. But today you often hear that gamma means smoke and flame. As an option - gunpowder and flame. Sounds nice, but it's not true.

On the day of the celebration of the Victory Day holiday throughout the Russian Federation, citizens tie certain symbols on their outfits. Very often you can observe how the St. George ribbon proudly develops on the chest of people. Most young people know that such a ribbon is a symbol of the holiday, but few know what is hidden behind the symbolism. Let's figure out what the St. George ribbon means.

St. George ribbon colors

The St. George Ribbon has always been associated with Victory, and here's why. The colors of this ribbon, orange and black, represent the following:

orange - symbolizes the eternal flame of fire;
black is the smoke of burnt Russian cities.

Orders with such colors were considered exclusively a military award.

The history of the St. George ribbon

In the 18th century, Catherine II, by her order of November 26, 1769, founded the Order of St. George the Victorious, they were awarded to distinguished soldiers. A ribbon of the same color was attached to this order and because of this it was called St. George's.
Most likely, based on the foregoing, historically it so happened that in the USSR they began to reward the military with the “Guards Ribbon”, which, like two drops of water, was similar to the ribbon of the Order of St. George the Victorious. True, the then government of the USSR made its own minor additions.
Soldiers who had special distinctions before the Motherland were awarded with such a ribbon.

What does the St. George ribbon mean today

Today, the St. George ribbon is a sign of memory about the feat accomplished by our people. Walking down the street with such a ribbon means expressing your respect and solidarity with the soldiers who laid down their lives for the opportunity to give birth to ours. Before May 9, young people tie such ribbons on garments and distribute them to passers-by on the street.

How the St. George ribbon became a symbol of victory

In 2005, employees of the Ria Novosti news agency held the St. George Ribbon action. It was then that in the newspapers it was renamed from “Guards” to “St. George”. As the workers themselves say, the original task of this action was to pay tribute to the veterans who survived the battles, and not to forget about those who died on the battlefield. A brilliant idea was the creation of symbols that will emphasize the full depth of the legacy of the Second World War. The scale of the action has been gaining and gaining momentum every year, and the number of ribbons distributed on the eve of the holiday is growing from year to year.
Today, the St. George ribbon is distributed to everyone and it means "I remember and I'm proud."

A completely insignificant element like a ribbon can become a symbol of Victory, but the strength, depth and spiritual energy that it carries can become a property, and not just an attribute of a holiday.
The meaning of the St. George ribbon should be known to every inhabitant of our home country who is proud of the exploits of his ancestors.

In 1769, Empress Catherine 2 established an award for officers of the Russian Army, presented for personal bravery shown on the battlefields - the Order of St. George, it was supposed to be worn on a "silk ribbon with three black and two yellow stripes", subsequently the name was assigned to it - St. George Ribbon.

What does black and yellow mean? In Russia, they were the colors of the imperial, state, corresponded to the black double-headed eagle and the yellow field of the state emblem. It was this symbolism, apparently, that Empress Catherine II adhered to, approving the colors of the ribbon. But, since the order was named in honor of St. George the Victorious, the colors of the ribbon may symbolize St. George himself and denote his martyrdom - three black stripes, and miraculous resurrection - two orange stripes. It is these colors that are now called when designating colors. George Ribbon. Besides, new award, was awarded exclusively for military exploits. And the colors of war are the color of the flame, that is, orange, and the color of smoke is black.

One of the first holders of the Order of St. George - participants in the naval battle in the Chesme Bay, which took place in June 1770. In this battle, the Russian squadron, under the overall command of Count Orlov A.G., completely defeated the Turkish fleet that outnumbered it. For this battle, Count Orlov was awarded the Order of St. George of the first degree and received an honorary prefix to his surname "Chesmensky".

The first medals George Ribbon were awarded in August 1787, when a small detachment under the command of Suvorov repulsed the attack of the superior Turkish landing force, which was trying to capture the fortress of Kinburn. Suvorov, who was in the forefront of the fighting and inspired them by personal example, was wounded twice in this battle, the courage of the Russian soldiers made it possible to defeat the Turkish landing. For the first time in Russian history, the medal was not awarded to all those who participated in the battle, it was awarded only to those who showed the greatest personal courage and heroism. Moreover, it was the soldiers who took a direct part in hostilities who were more worthy of the award to decide. Among the twenty awarded for this battle was the grenadier of the Shlisselburg regiment Stepan Novikov, who personally saved Suvorov from the Janissaries who attacked him. Black and orange ribbons were also used for other medals of this war, which were awarded to participants in the heroic assault on Ochakovo and those who distinguished themselves in the capture of Izmail.

award trumpet .

St. George ribbon on collective awards.

The ribbon of the Order of St. George begins to occupy a particularly revered position in the collective awards of various military units. Russian Army. These include the so-called St. George's pipes, introduced in 1805. These pipes were made of silver, the image of the St. George's Cross and an inscription indicating why this distinction was given were applied to the body. In addition, a black-and-white ribbon lanyard was attached to the pipe. orange flowers. There were two types of pipes - cavalry and infantry. The differences between them were in their form. The infantry was curved, and the cavalry was straight.

Since 1806, St. George banners have appeared among the collective incentives. At the top of these banners was a white order cross, and under the top was tied the St. George ribbon with banner tassels. The Chernigov Dragoon Regiment, two Don Cossack regiments, the Kyiv Grenadier and Pavlograd Hussar regiments were the first to receive such a banner. They were awarded "For exploits at Shengraben on November 4, 1805 in a battle with an enemy consisting of 30 thousand."

GK 3 tbsp. with a bow.

In 1807, Emperor Alexander 1 established a special award for the lower ranks of the Russian Army for personal bravery in battle, which was called the Insignia of the Military Order. The wearing of the cross was prescribed on a ribbon, the colors of which corresponded to the colors of the Order of St. George. It was from this period that popularity St. George's Ribbon becomes nationwide, since such awards are simple Russian people I saw much more often than the gold orders of the officers of the Russian Army. This sign was later called the soldier's George Cross or soldier George (Egoriy), as he was called by the people.

Since 1855, officers who received the award gold weapon "For Bravery" were ordered to wear lanyards from the St. George ribbon for a more visible distinction.

In the same 1855, the medal "For the Defense of Sevastopol" was established. For the first time in the history of the Russian Empire, a medal was awarded not for a heroic victory, but for the defense of a Russian city. This medal was silver, intended for both military officials and civilians who participated in the defense of Sevastopol. For generals, officers, soldiers and sailors of the Sevastopol garrison, who served there from September 1854 to August 1855, the medal was awarded on the St. George ribbon.

Not bypassed military honors and clergy. Back in 1790, a special decree was issued on the award of military priests for feats while participating in military battles. At the same time, an award gold pectoral cross on the St. George ribbon was established. Many of the regimental priests of the Russian Army took a direct part in the hostilities of the Russian troops and earned this high distinction with their heroic deeds. One of the first recipients of the pectoral cross was regimental priest Trofim Kutsinsky. During the storming of the fortress, Ishmael, the commander of the battalion, in which Father Trofim was a priest, died. The soldiers stopped in confusion, not knowing what to do next. Father Trofim, unarmed, with a cross in his hands, was the first to rush at the enemy, dragging the soldiers with him and supporting their morale. In total, from the establishment of the golden pectoral cross to the Russo-Japanese War, one hundred and eleven people were awarded it. And behind each such award was a specific feat of the regimental priests of the Russian Army.

Approved back in 1807, the medal "For Bravery", also worn on a black and orange ribbon, was added to the Order of St. George in 1913 and became, along with the St. George Cross, the most massive soldier's medal awarded for personal bravery.

During the existence of the black and orange ribbon of St. George, from the moment of its appearance in 1769 until 1917, it was an indispensable attribute of various awards of the Russian Empire awarded for military courage. Gold officer's crosses, lanyards of gold weapons, insignia, medals, as well as collective - silver trumpets, banners, standards. So in the award system of Russia was formed whole system military rewards, among which the St. George ribbon was a kind of connecting link of all of them into a single whole, being a symbol of military prowess and glory.

The day of the establishment of the Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George on November 26, 1769 in the history of Russia was considered the Day of the Cavaliers of St. George. This day was celebrated every year. On this day, not only in the capital of the empire, but also in almost all corners of the Russian land, the holders of the St. George honors were honored. Everyone was honored, regardless of ranks and titles, since the feats that these people performed were not for the sake of awards, but for the sake of their Fatherland.

Olga Tunik
Conversations with older children preschool age"History and meaning of St. George's Ribbon"

Target:

introduce preschoolers with the history and meaning of St. George's Ribbon;

Cultivate feelings of patriotism;

Develop a sense of pride for the motherland.

The meaning and history of the St. George ribbon.

George Ribbon is one of the most recognizable symbols of Russian reality in recent years. This ribbon black-orange is one of the main attributes of the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War (WWII)- one of the most respected holidays in our country. Unfortunately, few of those who tie St. George ribbon on her clothes or hooks her on a car, knows that she really means.

St. George ribbon is a ribbon, consisting of two colors (orange and black, which in pre-revolutionary Russia relied on several awards dedicated to the saint George the Victorious. To them treated: George Cross, Georgievskaya medal and order of the saint George.

In addition, starting from about XVIII century, St. George Ribbon actively used in the Russian heraldry: ribbon used as an element St. George banners(standards, it was worn on uniforms by servicemen of especially distinguished units, St. George Ribbon was on capless sailors Guards crew and sailors of ships awarded St. George banners.

Originally St. George's Ribbon made of silk and decorated with stripes of black and yellow flowers- so provided for in the order statute of 1769. But if you look at the samples of those ancient years that have come down to us, you can see that even then the yellow color on them clearly gravitated towards orange, which would be officially approved only in 1913.

What means black and yellow? In Russia, they were the colors of the imperial, state, corresponded to the black double-headed eagle and the yellow field of the state emblem. It was this symbolism, apparently, that Empress Catherine II adhered to, approving the colors ribbons. But, since the order was named after St. George the Victorious, colors ribbons, perhaps symbolize the Saint himself George and denote his martyrdom - three black stripes, and miraculous resurrection - two orange stripes. It is these colors that are now called with the designation of the colors of the St. George ribbon.

AT mid-eighteenth century, Empress Catherine the Great established a new award - the Order of St. George, which was granted to officers and generals for their merits in the military field.

To this order relied ribbon, which in honor of the order was named Georgievskaya.

During the existence of the black-orange st george ribbons, from the moment of its appearance in 1769 until 1917, it was an indispensable attribute of various awards of the Russian Empire awarded for military courage. Gold officer's crosses, lanyards of gold weapons, insignia, medals, as well as collective - silver trumpets, banners, standards. Thus, in the award system of Russia, a whole system of military incentives was formed, among which George Ribbon was a kind of connecting link of all of them into a single whole, being a symbol of military prowess and glory. After crushing defeats initial period During the Great Patriotic War, the leadership of the USSR desperately needed symbols that could unite the people and raise morale at the front. The Red Army had very few military awards and insignia of military prowess. This is where it came in handy St. George Ribbon.

They did not completely repeat the design and name in the USSR. Soviet tape is named"Guards", its appearance was also somewhat changed.

At the end of 1943, a new award was established in the USSR - the Order of Glory. He had three degrees and was issued to soldiers and junior officers. In fact, the concept of this award largely repeated the royal George Cross. The block of the Order of Glory was covered with Guards tape.

This same ribbon used in a medal "For victory over Germany", which was awarded to almost all military personnel who fought on western fronts. After the victory in the Second World War, about 15 million people were awarded this medal, which was approximately 10% of the entire population of the USSR.

For the first time, a public action called « George Ribbon» was held in 2005 in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of the victory over fascism. On the eve of the May holidays George Ribbons started handing out for free right on the streets Russian cities, in shops and public institutions. People hang them on clothes, bags, car antennas.

George Ribbon- symbol military glory, courage, courage, a symbol of Victory - in recent years has become a symbol of memory of the great history and its characters.

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