Brief retelling of chapter 2 3 captain's daughter. "The Captain's Daughter": retelling

In this article we will describe the work of A.S. A chapter-by-chapter retelling of this short novel, published in 1836, is brought to your attention.

1. Sergeant of the Guard

The first chapter begins with the biography of Petr Andreevich Grinev. The father of this hero served, after which he retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but eight of them died in infancy, and Peter was left alone. His father wrote it down even before his birth, in Pyotr Andreevich, until the age of majority, he was on vacation. Uncle Savelich serves as the boy's tutor. He supervises the development of Russian literacy Petrusha.

After some time, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to Peter. He taught him German, French, and various sciences. But Beaupre did not raise the child, but only drank and walked. The boy's father soon discovered this and drove the teacher away. Peter in the 17th year is sent to the service, but not in the place where he hoped to get. He goes to Orenburg instead of Petersburg. This decision determined the further fate of Peter, the hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter".

Chapter 1 describes the parting words of the father to the son. He tells him that it is necessary to preserve honor from a young age. Petya, having arrived in Simbirsk, meets in a tavern with Zurin, a captain who taught him to play billiards, and also got him drunk and won 100 rubles from him. Grinev seemed to break free for the first time. He behaves like a boy. Zurin in the morning demands the required winnings. Pyotr Andreevich, in order to show his character, forces Savelich, who is protesting this, to give money. After that, feeling pangs of conscience, Grinev leaves Simbirsk. So ends in the work "The Captain's Daughter" 1 chapter. Let us describe further events that happened to Pyotr Andreevich.

2. Leader

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin tells us about the further fate of this hero of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 of the novel is called "The Leader". In it, we first meet Pugachev.

On the way, Grinev asks Savelich to forgive him for his stupid behavior. Suddenly, a snowstorm begins on the road, Peter and his servant go astray. They meet a man who offers to take them to the inn. Grinev, riding in a cabin, sees a dream.

Grinev's dream is an important episode of the work "The Captain's Daughter". Chapter 2 describes it in detail. In it, Peter arrives at his estate and discovers that his father is dying. He approaches him to take the last blessing, but instead of his father he sees an unknown man with a black beard. Grinev is surprised, but his mother convinces him that this is his imprisoned father. Brandishing an ax, a black-bearded man jumps up, dead bodies fill the whole room. At the same time, the person smiles at Pyotr Andreevich, and also offers him a blessing.

Grinev, already on the spot, examines his guide and notices that he is the same person from the dream. He is a forty-year-old man of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair is already noticeable in his black beard. The man's eyes are alive, they feel the sharpness and subtlety of the mind. The counselor's face has a rather pleasant expression. It is picaresque. His hair is cut in a circle, and this man is dressed in Tatar trousers and an old coat.

The counselor talks with the owner in "allegorical language". Pyotr Andreevich thanks his companion, gives him a hare sheepskin coat, pours a glass of wine.

An old comrade of Grinev's father, Andrei Karlovich R., sends Peter from Orenburg to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, located 40 miles from the city. It is here that the novel "The Captain's Daughter" continues. Chapter by chapter retelling of further events occurring in it, the following.

3. Fortress

This fortress resembles a village. Vasilisa Yegorovna, a reasonable and kind woman, the wife of the commandant, manages everything here. Grinev the next morning meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer. This man is not tall, remarkably ugly, dark-skinned, very lively. He is one of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter. Chapter 3 is the place in the novel where this character first appears before the reader.

Because of the duel, Shvabrin was transferred to this fortress. He tells Pyotr Andreevich about life here, about the commandant's family, while speaking unflatteringly about his daughter, Masha Mironova. You will find a detailed description of this conversation in the work "The Captain's Daughter" (Chapter 3). The commandant invites Grinev and Shvabrin to a family dinner. On the way, Peter sees how the "exercises" are taking place: Mironov Ivan Kuzmich is in charge of the platoon of disabled people. He is wearing a "Chinese robe" and a cap.

4. Duel

Chapter 4 occupies an important place in the composition of the work "The Captain's Daughter". It tells the following.

Grinev likes the commandant's family very much. Pyotr Andreevich becomes an officer. He communicates with Shvabrin, but this communication brings the hero less and less pleasure. Alexei Ivanovich's caustic remarks about Masha especially do not please Grinev. Peter writes mediocre poems and dedicates them to this girl. Shvabrin speaks sharply about them, while insulting Masha. Grinev accuses him of lying, Alexei Ivanovich challenges Peter to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, having learned about this, orders the arrest of the duelists. Palashka, a yard girl, deprives them of their swords. After some time, Pyotr Andreevich becomes aware that Shvabrin was wooing Masha, but was refused by the girl. He understands now why Alexei Ivanovich slandered Masha. A duel is scheduled again, in which Pyotr Andreevich is wounded.

5. Love

Masha and Savelich are taking care of the wounded. Pyotr Grinev proposes to a girl. He sends a letter to his parents asking for blessings. Shvabrin visits Pyotr Andreevich and admits his guilt before him. Grinev's father does not give him a blessing, he already knows about the duel that had taken place, and it was not Savelyich who told him about it at all. Pyotr Andreevich believes that Alexey Ivanovich did it. The captain's daughter does not want to marry without the consent of her parents. Chapter 5 tells of this decision of hers. We will not describe in detail the conversation between Peter and Masha. Let's just say that the captain's daughter decided to avoid Grinev in the future. The chapter-by-chapter retelling continues with the following events. Pyotr Andreevich stops visiting the Mironovs, loses heart.

6. Pugachevshchina

A notification that a band of robbers led by Emelyan Pugachev is operating in the vicinity comes to the commandant. attacks the forts. Pugachev soon reached the Belogorsk fortress. He calls on the commandant to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send his daughter out of the fortress. The girl says goodbye to Grinev. However, her mother refuses to leave.

7. Seizure

The attack of the fortress continues the work "The Captain's Daughter". The chapter-by-chapter retelling of further events is as follows. At night, the Cossacks leave the fortress. They go over to the side of Emelyan Pugachev. The gang is attacking him. Mironov, with a few defenders, is trying to defend himself, but the forces of the two sides are unequal. The one who captured the fortress arranges the so-called court. Executions on the gallows betray the commandant as well as his comrades. When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelyich begs Emelyan, throwing himself at his feet, to spare Pyotr Andreevich, offering him a ransom. Pugachev agrees. The inhabitants of the city and the soldiers give Emelyan an oath. They kill Vasilisa Yegorovna, taking her undressed, as well as her husband, out onto the porch. Pyotr Andreevich leaves the fortress.

8. Uninvited guest

Grinev is very worried about how the captain's daughter lives in the Belogorsk fortress.

The chapter-by-chapter content of the further events of the novel describes the subsequent fate of this heroine. A girl is hiding near the priest, who tells Pyotr Andreevich that Shvabrin is on the side of Pugachev. Grinev learns from Savelich that Pugachev is their escort on the road to Orenburg. Emelyan calls Grinev to him, he comes. Pyotr Andreevich draws attention to the fact that everyone behaves like comrades with each other in the camp of Pugachev, while not giving preference to the leader.

Everyone boasts, expresses doubts, disputes Pugachev. His people sing a song about the gallows. Emelyan's guests disperse. Grinev tells him in private that he does not consider him a king. He replies that luck will be daring, because once upon a time Grishka Otrepyev also ruled. Emelyan lets Pyotr Andreevich go to Orenburg, despite the fact that he promises to fight against him.

9. Separation

Emelyan instructs Peter to tell the governor of this city that the Pugachevites will soon arrive there. Pugachev leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich writes a list of Pyotr Andreevich's plundered goods and sends it to Emelyan, but he does not punish him in a "fit of generosity" and impudent Savelich. He even favors Grinev with a fur coat from his shoulder, gives him a horse. Masha, meanwhile, is sick in the fortress.

10. The siege of the city

Peter goes to Orenburg, to Andrey Karlovich, the general. Military people are absent from the military council. There are only officials here. It is more prudent, in their opinion, to remain behind a reliable stone wall than to try your luck in an open field. For Pugachev's head, officials propose to set a high price and bribe Yemelyan's people. A constable from the fortress brings Pyotr Andreevich a letter from Masha. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to become his wife. Grinev asks the general to help, to provide him with people in order to clear the fortress. However, he refuses.

11. Rebellious settlement

Grinev and Savelich rush to help the girl. Pugachev's people stop them on the way and take them to the leader. He interrogates Pyotr Andreevich about his intentions in the presence of confidants. Pugachev's people are a hunched, frail old man with a blue ribbon worn over his shoulder over a gray coat, as well as a tall, portly and broad-shouldered man of about forty-five. Grinev tells Emelyan that he has come to save an orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The Pugachevites offer both Grinev and Shvabrin to simply solve the problem - to hang them both. However, Pyotr Pugachev is clearly attractive, and he promises to marry him to a girl. Pyotr Andreevich goes to the fortress in the morning in Pugachev's wagon. He tells him in a confidential conversation that he would like to go to Moscow, but his comrades are robbers and thieves who will surrender the leader at the first failure, saving their own neck. Emelyan tells a Kalmyk tale about a raven and an eagle. The raven lived for 300 years, but pecked at the same time carrion. And the eagle preferred to starve, but did not eat the carrion. It is better to drink living blood one day, Emelyan believes.

12. Orphan

Pugachev learns in the fortress that the girl is being bullied by the new commandant. Shvabrin starves her. Emelyan frees Masha and wants to marry her immediately with Grinev. When Shvabrin says that this is Mironov's daughter, Emelyan Pugachev decides to let Grinev and Masha go.

13. Arrest

Soldiers on the way out of the fortress take Grinev under arrest. They take Pyotr Andreevich for a Pugachevite and take him to the chief. It turns out to be Zurin, who advises Pyotr Andreevich to send Savelich and Masha to their parents, and Grinev himself to continue the battle. He follows this advice. Pugachev's army was defeated, but he himself was not caught, he managed to gather new detachments in Siberia. Yemelyan is being pursued. Zurin is ordered to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan, betraying him to the investigation in the Pugachev case.

14. Judgment

Petr Andreevich is suspected of serving Pugachev. Shvabrin played an important role in this. Peter is sentenced to exile in Siberia. Masha lives with Peter's parents. They became very attached to her. The girl goes to St. Petersburg, to Tsarskoye Selo. Here she meets the Empress in the garden and asks to pardon Peter. Tells about how he got to Pugachev because of her, the captain's daughter. Briefly chapter by chapter, the novel described by us ends as follows. Grinev is released. He is present at Yemelyan's execution, who nods his head, recognizing him.

The genre of historical novel is the work "The Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the chapters does not describe all the events, we have mentioned only the main ones. Pushkin's novel is very interesting. After reading the original work "The Captain's Daughter" chapter by chapter, you will understand the psychology of the characters, and also learn some of the details that we have omitted.

"The Captain's Daughter" is a historical novel (in some sources - a story), written by A.S. Pushkin. The author tells us about the origin and development of a great and strong feeling between a young noble officer and the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. All this happens against the backdrop of the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and creates additional barriers and threats to life for the lovers. The novel is written in the form of a memoir. Such an interweaving of historical and family chronicles gives it additional charm and charm, and also makes you believe in the reality of everything that happens.

History of creation

In the mid-1830s, translated novels were gaining popularity in Russia. Society ladies were read by Walter Scott. Domestic writers, and among them Alexander Sergeevich, could not stand aside and responded with their own works, among which were The Captain's Daughter.

Researchers of Pushkin's work claim that at first he worked on a historical chronicle, wanting to tell readers about the course of the Pugachev rebellion. Approaching the matter responsibly and wanting to be truthful, the author met with the direct participants in those events, having specially left for the South Urals.

Pushkin doubted for a long time who to make the main character of his work. First, he settled on Mikhail Shvanvich, an officer who, during the uprising, went over to the side of Pugachev. What made Alexander Sergeevich abandon such a plan is unknown, but as a result he turned to the format of memoirs, and put an officer-nobleman at the center of the novel. At the same time, the main character had every chance to go over to the side of Pugachev, but the duty to the Fatherland turned out to be higher. Shvanvich turned from a positive character into a negative Shvabrin.

For the first time, the novel appeared before the audience in the Sovremennik magazine in the last issue of 1836, and Pushkin's authorship was not mentioned there. It was said that these notes were written by the late Pyotr Grinev. However, in this novel, for reasons of censorship, an article about the peasants' revolt on the estate of Grinev himself was not published. The lack of authorship led to the absence of any printed reviews, but many noted the "overall effect" that The Captain's Daughter had on those who read the novel. A month after publication, the real author of the novel died in a duel.

Analysis

Description of the work

The work is written in the form of memoirs - the landowner Pyotr Grinev talks about the times of his youth, when his father ordered him to be sent to serve in the army (albeit under the supervision of Uncle Savelich). On the road, one meeting happens to them, which radically influenced their future fate and the fate of Russia - Pyotr Grinev meets Emelyan Pugachev.

Having reached his destination (and it turned out to be the Belogorsk fortress), Grinev immediately falls in love with the commandant's daughter. However, he has a rival - officer Shvabrin. A duel takes place between young people, as a result of which Grinev is wounded. His father, having learned about this, does not give his consent to marry the girl.

All this is happening against the background of the developing Pugachev rebellion. When it comes to the fortress, Pugachev's accomplices first take the life of Masha's parents, after which they offer Shvabrin and Grinev to swear allegiance to Emelyan. Shvabrin agrees, but Grinev, for reasons of honor, does not. His life is saved by Savelich, who reminds Pugachev of their chance meeting.

Grinev fights against Pugachev, but this does not prevent him from calling the latter as an ally to save Masha, who turned out to be Shvabrin's hostage. On the denunciation of a rival, Grinev ends up in prison, and now Masha is doing everything to save him. A chance meeting with the Empress helps the girl achieve the release of her lover. To the delight of all the ladies, the case ends with the wedding of the young in Grinev's parental home.

As already mentioned, the background for the love story was a great historical event - the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev.

main characters

There are several main characters in the novel. Among them:

Emelyan Pugachev

Pugachev - according to many critics, the brightest main figure in the work due to his coloring. Marina Tsvetaeva once claimed that Pugachev obscures the colorless and faded Grinev. In Pushkin, Pugachev looks like a sort of charming villain.

Peter Grinev, who at the time of the story was only 17 years old. According to the literary critic Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky, this character was needed for an impartial assessment of the behavior of another character - Emelyan Pugachev.

Aleksey Shvabrin is a young officer serving in the fortress. A freethinker, smart and educated (it is mentioned in the story that he knows French and understands literature). Literary critic Dmitry Mirsky called Shvabrin a "purely romantic scoundrel" because of his betrayal of the oath and defection to the rebels. However, since the image is written in a shallow way, it is difficult to say about the reasons that prompted him to such an act. Obviously, Pushkin's sympathies were not on Shvabrin's side.

At the time of the story, Mary was only 18 years old. A real Russian beauty, at the same time simple and sweet. Capable of an act - in order to save her beloved, she goes to the capital to meet with the Empress. According to Vyazemsky, she decorates the novel in the same way that Tatyana Larina decorated Eugene Onegin. But Tchaikovsky, who at one time wanted to stage an opera based on this work, complained that it did not have enough character, but only kindness and honesty. Marina Tsvetaeva was of the same opinion.

From the age of five he was assigned to Grinev as an uncle, the Russian analogue of a tutor. The only one who communicates with a 17-year-old officer like a small child. Pushkin calls him a "faithful serf", but Savelich allows himself to express uncomfortable thoughts to both the master and his ward.

Analysis of the work

Colleagues of Alexander Sergeevich, to whom he personally read the novel, made small remarks about non-observance of historical facts, while generally speaking positively about the novel. Prince V.F. Odoevsky, for example, noted that the images of Savelich and Pugachev were drawn out carefully and thought out to the smallest detail, but the image of Shvabrin was not finalized, and therefore it would be difficult for readers to understand the motives for his transition.

Literary critic Nikolai Strakhov noted that such a combination of family (partially love) and historical chronicles is typical for the works of Walter Scott, the answer to the popularity of which among the Russian nobility, in fact, was Pushkin's work.

Another Russian literary critic Dmitry Mirsky highly appreciated The Captain's Daughter, emphasizing the manner of narration - concise, accurate, economical, at the same time spacious and unhurried. His opinion was that this work played one of the main roles in the development of the genre of realism in Russian literature.

A few years after the publication of the work, the Russian writer and publisher Nikolai Grech admired how the author managed to express the character and tone of the time he tells about. The story turned out to be so realistic that one could really think that the author was an eyewitness of these events. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolai Gogol also periodically left rave reviews about this work.

findings

According to Dmitry Mirsky, The Captain's Daughter can be considered the only full-fledged novel written by Alexander Sergeevich and published during his lifetime. Let us agree with the critic - everything is present in the novel in order to be successful: a romantic line that ended in marriage is a delight for beautiful ladies; a historical line that tells about such a complex and controversial historical event as the Pugachev uprising will be more interesting to men; clearly written main characters and set guidelines regarding the place of honor and dignity in the life of an officer. All this explains the popularity of the novel in the past and compels our contemporaries to read it today.

main characters

Petr Grinev- Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. 16 year old nobleman. Grinev enters the service in the Belogorsk fortress near Orenburg. Here he falls in love with the boss's daughter, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.

Masha Mironova- Marya Ivanovna Mironova, the captain's daughter. 18-year-old daughter of Captain Mironov. A smart and kind girl, a poor noblewoman. Masha and Petr Grinev fall in love with each other. They overcome many difficulties on the way to happiness.

Emelyan Pugachev— Don Cossack. Raises an uprising and pretends to be the late Emperor Peter III (husband of Catherine II). He attacks the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev serves. Pugachev has friendly relations with Grinev, despite the fact that Pugachev is a cruel robber.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

At the beginning of the story, the main character Peter Grinev tells the reader about his young life. He is the only survivor of 9 children of a retired major and a poor noblewoman, he lived in a middle-class noble family. The upbringing of the young master was actually engaged in the old servant. Peter's education was low, since his father, a retired major, hired the French hairdresser Beaupré as a tutor, leading an immoral lifestyle. For drunkenness and depraved actions, he was expelled from the estate. And his father decided to send 17-year-old Petrusha, through old connections, to serve in Orenburg (instead of St. Petersburg, where he was supposed to go to serve in the guards) and attached an old servant Savelich to him for supervision. Petrusha was upset, because instead of parties in the capital, a dull existence in the wilderness awaited him. During a stopover on the way, the young gentleman made an acquaintance with the rake-captain Zurin, because of whom, under the pretext of training, he got involved in playing billiards. Then Zurin offered to play for money and as a result, Petrusha lost as much as 100 rubles - a lot of money at that time. Savelich, being the keeper of the master's "treasury", is against Peter paying the debt, but the master insists. The servant is indignant, but gives the money back.

Chapter 2

In the end, Piotr is ashamed of his loss and promises Savelich not to gamble again. There is a long road ahead of them, and the servant forgives the master. But because of the indiscretion of Petrusha, they again get into trouble - the impending snowstorm did not embarrass the young man and he ordered the driver not to return. As a result, they lost their way and almost froze. For luck, they met a stranger who helped the lost travelers to go to the inn.

Grinev recalls how then, tired from the road, he had a dream in a wagon, which he called prophetic: he sees his house and his mother, who says that his father is dying. Then he sees an unfamiliar man with a beard in his father's bed, and his mother says that he is her named husband. The stranger wants to give a "father's" blessing, but Peter refuses, and then the man takes up the ax, and corpses appear around. He does not touch Peter.

They drive up to the inn, reminiscent of a thieves' haven. A stranger, frozen in a cold in one Armenian coat, asks Petrusha for wine, and he treats him. A strange conversation took place between the peasant and the owner of the house in the language of thieves. Peter does not understand the meaning, but everything he hears seems very strange to him. Leaving the rooming house, Peter, to Savelich's next displeasure, thanked the escort by granting him a hare sheepskin coat. To which the stranger bowed, saying that the age would not forget such mercy.

When Peter finally gets to Orenburg, his father's colleague, having read the cover letter with the order to keep the young man "in tight rein", sends him to serve in the Belgorod fortress - even more wilderness. This could not but upset Peter, who had long dreamed of a guards uniform.

Chapter 3

The owner of the Belgorod garrison was Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, but his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, actually ran everything. Simple and sincere people immediately liked Grinev. The elderly Mironov couple had a daughter, Masha, but so far their acquaintance has not taken place. In the fortress (which turned out to be a simple village), Peter meets a young lieutenant Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, who was exiled here from the guards for a duel that ended in the death of the enemy. Shvabrin, having a habit of speaking unflatteringly about those around him, often spoke caustically about Masha, the captain's daughter, exposing her as a complete fool. Then Grinev himself gets acquainted with the daughter of the commander and questions the statements of the lieutenant.

Chapter 4

By nature, the kind and benevolent Grinev began to become friends with the commandant and his family more and more, and moved away from Shvabrin. The captain's daughter Masha did not have a dowry, but turned out to be a charming girl. Shvabrin's caustic remarks did not please Peter. Inspired by thoughts of a young girl in quiet evenings, he began to write poems for her, the content of which he shared with a friend. But he ridiculed him, and even more began to humiliate Masha's dignity, assuring that she would come at night to the one who would give her a pair of earrings.

As a result, the friends quarreled, and it came to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, the wife of the commandant, found out about the duel, but the duelists pretended to have reconciled, deciding to postpone the meeting the next day. But in the morning, as soon as they had time to draw their swords, Ivan Ignatich and 5 invalids were led out under escort to Vasilisa Yegorovna. Having reprimanded, as it should, she let them go. In the evening, Masha, disturbed by the news of the duel, told Peter about Shvabrin's unsuccessful matchmaking for her. Now Grinev understood his motives for his behavior. The duel did take place. The confident swordsman Peter, taught at least something worthwhile by the tutor Beaupre, turned out to be a strong opponent for Shvabrin. But Savelich appeared at the duel, Peter hesitated for a second and was eventually wounded.

Chapter 5

The wounded Peter was nursed by his servant and Masha. As a result, the duel brought the young people closer, and they were inflamed with mutual love for each other. Wanting to marry Masha, Grinev sends a letter to his parents.

Grinev reconciled with Shvabrin. Peter's father, having learned about the duel and not wanting to hear about the marriage, became furious and sent an angry letter to his son, where he threatened to be transferred from the fortress. At a loss as to how his father could find out about the duel, Peter attacked Savelich with accusations, but he himself received a letter with the owner's displeasure. Grinev finds only one answer - Shvabrin reported the duel. Father's refusal to bless does not change Peter's intentions, but Masha does not agree to secretly marry. For a while they move away from each other, and Grinev understands that unhappy love can deprive him of his mind and lead to debauchery.

Chapter 6

Unrest begins in the Belgorod fortress. Captain Mironov receives an order from the general to prepare the fortress for an attack by rebels and robbers. Emelyan Pugachev, who called himself Peter III, escaped from custody and terrified the neighborhood. According to rumors, he had already captured several fortresses and was approaching Belgorod. It was not necessary to count on victory with 4 officers and army "disabled". Alarmed by rumors about the capture of a nearby fortress and the execution of officers, Captain Mironov decided to send Masha and Vasilisa Yegorovna to Orenburg, where the fortress is stronger. The captain's wife speaks out against the departure, and decides not to leave her husband in difficult times. Masha says goodbye to Peter, but she fails to leave the fortress.

Chapter 7

Ataman Pugachev appears at the walls of the fortress and offers to surrender without a fight. Commandant Mironov, having learned about the betrayal of the constable and several Cossacks who joined the rebel clan, does not agree to the proposal. He orders his wife to dress Masha as a commoner and take the priest to the hut, and he himself opens fire on the rebels. The battle ends with the capture of the fortress, which, together with the city, passes into the hands of Pugachev.

Right at the commandant's house, Pugachev perpetrates reprisals against those who refused to take the oath to him. He orders the execution of Captain Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatich. Grinev decides that he will not swear allegiance to the robber and will accept an honorable death. However, here Shvabrin comes up to Pugachev and whispers something in his ear. The chieftain decides not to ask for the oath, ordering all three to be hanged. But the old faithful servant Savelyich rushes at the feet of the ataman and he agrees to pardon Grinev. Ordinary soldiers and residents of the city take the oath of allegiance to Pugachev. As soon as the oath ended, Pugachev decided to dine, but the Cossacks pulled out of the commandant's house, where they robbed the good, naked Vasilisa Yegorovna by the hair, who was crying for her husband and cursing the convict. Ataman ordered to kill her.

Chapter 8

Grinev's heart is out of place. He understands that if the soldiers find out that Masha is here and alive, she cannot escape reprisals, especially since Shvabrin took the side of the rebels. He knows that his beloved is hiding in the priest's house. In the evening the Cossacks came, sent to take him to Pugachev. Although Peter did not accept the False Tsar's offer of all honors for the oath, the conversation between the rebel and the officer was friendly. Pugachev remembered the good and now gave Peter freedom in return.

Chapter 9

The next morning, Pugachev, in front of the people, called Peter to him and told him to go to Orenburg and report on his offensive in a week. Savelich began to fuss about the plundered property, but the villain said that he would let him go on sheepskin coats for such impudence. Grinev and his servant leave Belogorsk. Pugachev appoints Shvabrin as a commandant, and he himself goes on another feat.

Pyotr and Savelich are on foot, but one of Pugachev's gang caught up with them and said that His Majesty would grant them a horse and a sheepskin coat, and fifty, but he supposedly lost it.
Masha fell ill and lay delirious.

Chapter 10

Arriving in Orenburg, Grinev immediately reported on the deeds of Pugachev in the Belgorod fortress. A council met, at which everyone except Peter voted for defense, not attack.

A long siege begins - hunger and want. Peter, on another sortie into the camp of the enemy, receives a letter from Masha, in which she prays to save her. Shvabrin wants to marry her and keeps her in captivity. Grinev goes to the general with a request to give half a company of soldiers to save the girl, which is refused. Then Peter decides to help out his beloved alone.

Chapter 11

On the way to the fortress, Pyotr falls into Pugachev's guard and is taken for interrogation. Grinev honestly tells everything about his plans to the troublemaker and says that he is free to do whatever he wants with him. Pugachev's thug-advisers offer to execute the officer, but he says, "pardon, so pardon."

Together with the robber ataman, Peter goes to the Belgorod fortress, on the way they are talking. The rebel says that he wants to go to Moscow. Peter in his heart pities him, begging him to surrender to the mercy of the empress. But Pugachev knows that it is already too late, and says, come what may.

Chapter 12

Shvabrin keeps the girl on water and bread. Pugachev pardons the arbiter, but learns from Shvabrin that Masha is the daughter of an unsworn commandant. At first he is furious, but Peter, with his sincerity, this time also achieves favor.

Chapter 13

Pugachev gives Peter a pass to all outposts. Happy lovers go to their parents' house. They confused the army convoy with the Pugachev traitors and were arrested. In the head of the outpost, Grinev recognized Zurin. He said he was going home to get married. He dissuades him, assuring him to remain in the service. Peter himself understands that duty calls him. He sends Masha and Savelich to their parents.

The fighting of the detachments that arrived in time to rescue broke the robber plans. But Pugachev could not be caught. Then there were rumors that he was rampant in Siberia. Zurin's detachment is sent to suppress another outbreak. Grinev recalls the unfortunate villages plundered by savages. The troops had to take away what people could save. The news came that Pugachev had been caught.

Chapter 14

Grinev, on Shvabrin's denunciation, was arrested as a traitor. He could not justify himself with love, fearing that Masha would also be interrogated. The Empress, taking into account the merits of her father, pardoned him, but sentenced him to life exile. The father was in shock. Masha decided to go to Petersburg and ask the Empress for her beloved.

By the will of fate, Maria meets the Empress in the early autumn morning and tells her everything, not knowing who she is talking to. On the same morning, a cab was sent for her to the house of a secular lady, where Masha got a job for a while, with an order to deliver Mironov's daughter to the palace.

There Masha saw Catherine II and recognized her as her interlocutor.

Grinev was released from hard labor. Pugachev was executed. Standing on the chopping block in the crowd, he saw Grinev and nodded.

The reunited loving hearts continued the Grinev family, and in their Simbirsk province, under glass, was kept a letter from Catherine II pardoning Peter and praising Mary for her intelligence and kind heart.

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The historical story "The Captain's Daughter" was first published by Pushkin in 1836. According to researchers, the work is at the intersection of romanticism and realism. The genre is not precisely defined either - some consider The Captain's Daughter a story, others a full-fledged novel.

The action of the work takes place during the period of the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and is based on real events. The story is written in the form of memoirs of the protagonist Pyotr Andreevich Grinev - his diary entries. The work is named after Grinev's beloved, Marya Mironova, the captain's daughter.

main characters

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev- the main character of the story, a nobleman, an officer on behalf of whom the story is told.

Maria Ivanovna Mironova- daughter of captain Mironov; "a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy".

Emelyan Pugachev- the leader of the peasant uprising, "forty years old, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered", with a black beard.

Arkhip Savelich- an old man who from an early age was Grinev's tutor.

Other characters

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Father of Pyotr Andreevich, retired prime minister.

Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- an officer whom Grinev met in a tavern in Simbirsk.

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin- an officer whom Grinev met in the Belogorsk fortress; joined the rebels of Pugachev, testified against Grinev.

Mironov Ivan Kuzmich- captain, father of Marya, commandant in the Belogorsk fortress.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

The father of the protagonist, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, retired as a prime minister, began to live in his Simbirsk village, married the daughter of a local nobleman. From the age of five, Petya was given to the upbringing of the aspirant Savelich. When the protagonist turned 16, his father, instead of sending him to St. Petersburg to the Semyonovsky regiment (as previously planned), assigned him to serve in Orenburg. Savelich was sent along with the young man.

On the way to Orenburg, in a tavern in Simbirsk, Grinev met the captain of the hussar regiment Zurin. He taught the young man to play billiards, offered to play for money. After drinking the punch, Grinev got excited and lost a hundred rubles. The distressed Savelich had to repay the debt.

Chapter 2

On the way, Grinev dozed off and had a dream in which he saw something prophetic. Peter dreamed that he came to say goodbye to his dying father, but in bed he saw "a man with a black beard". The mother called the peasant Grinev's "planted father", told him to kiss his hand so that he would bless him. Peter refused. Then the man jumped up, grabbed an ax and started killing everyone. A terrible man affectionately called: "Do not be afraid, come under my blessing." At that moment Grinev woke up: they had arrived at the inn. In gratitude for the help, Grinev gave the counselor his hare sheepskin coat.

In Orenburg, Grinev was immediately sent to the Belogorsk fortress, to the team of Captain Mironov.

Chapter 3

"Belogorsk fortress was forty miles from Orenburg." On the very first day, Grinev met the commandant and his wife. The next day, Pyotr Andreevich made the acquaintance of officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here "for murder" - "stabbed a lieutenant" during a duel. Shvabrin constantly made fun of the commandant's family. Mironov's daughter Marya liked Pyotr Andreevich very much, but Shvabrin described her as "a complete fool".

Chapter 4

Over time, Grinev found in Mary "a prudent and sensitive girl." Pyotr Andreevich began to write poetry and somehow read one of his works, dedicated to Marya, Shvabrin. He criticized the verse and said that the girl would prefer "a pair of earrings" instead of "gentle rhymes". Grinev called Shvabrin a scoundrel and he challenged Pyotr Andreevich to a duel. The first time they failed to get along - they were noticed and taken to the commandant. In the evening, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had been wooing Marya last year and had been refused.

The next day, Grinev and Shvabrin again met in a duel. During the duel, Savelich ran up and called out to Pyotr Andreevich. Grinev looked around, and the enemy struck him "in the chest below the right shoulder."

Chapter 5

All the time while Grinev was recovering, Marya looked after him. Pyotr Andreevich offered the girl to become his wife, she agreed.

Grinev wrote to his father that he was going to get married. However, Andrei Petrovich replied that he would not give consent to marriage and would even bother to transfer his son "somewhere far away." Upon learning of the answer of Grinev's parents, Marya was very upset, but did not want to get married without their consent (in particular, because the girl was a dowry). From then on she began to avoid Pyotr Andreevich.

Chapter 6

The news came that “the Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev” escaped from under guard, gathered a “villainous gang” and “produced indignation in the Yaik villages”. It soon became known that the rebels were going to go to the Belogorsk fortress. Preparations have begun.

Chapter 7

Grinev did not sleep all night. A lot of armed people gathered at the fortress. Pugachev himself rode between them on a white horse. The rebels broke into the fortress, the commandant was wounded in the head, Grinev was captured.

The crowd shouted "that the sovereign is waiting for the prisoners in the square and is taking the oath". Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatich refused to take the oath and were hanged. The same fate awaited Grinev, but at the last moment Savelich threw himself at Pugachev's feet and asked to be let go of Pyotr Andreevich. Shvabrin joined the rebels. Mary's mother was killed.

Chapter 8

Marya hid the priestess, calling her her niece. Savelich told Grinev that Pugachev was the same peasant to whom Pyotr Andreevich had given a sheepskin coat.

Pugachev summoned Grinev. Pyotr Andreevich admitted that he would not be able to serve him, since he was a “natural nobleman” and “sworn to the empress”: “My head is in your power: let me go - thank you; you execute - God will judge you; and I told you the truth." The sincerity of Pyotr Andreevich struck Pugachev, and he let him go "on all four sides."

Chapter 9

In the morning, Pugachev told Grinev to go to Orenburg and tell the governor and all the generals to wait for him in a week. The leader of the uprising appointed Shvabrin as the new commander in the fortress.

Chapter 10

A few days later news came that Pugachev was moving towards Orenburg. Grinev received a letter from Marya Ivanovna. The girl wrote that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him and treated her very cruelly, so she asked Grinev for help.

Chapter 11

Not having received support from the general, Grinev went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Pugachev's people seized them and Savelich. Grinev told the leader of the rebels that he was going to the Belogorsk fortress, since there Shvabrin offends an orphan girl - Grinev's bride. In the morning, Pugachev, together with Grinev and his people, drove to the fortress.

Chapter 12

Shvabrin said that Marya was his wife. But when they entered the girl’s room, Grinev and Pugachev saw that she was pale, thin, and from the food in front of her there was only “a jug of water covered with a slice of bread”. Shvabrin reported that the girl was Mironov's daughter, but Pugachev still let Grinev go with his lover.

Chapter 13

Approaching the town, Grinev and Marya were stopped by guards. Pyotr Andreevich went to the major and recognized him as Zurin. Grinev, after talking with Zurin, decided to send Marya to her parents in the village, while he himself remained to serve in the detachment.

At the end of February, Zurin's detachment set out on a campaign. Pugachev, after being defeated, again gathered a gang and went to Moscow, causing confusion. "Gangs of robbers were outrageous everywhere." "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!".

Finally Pugachev was caught. Grinev went to his parents, but a paper arrived about his arrest in the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14

Grinev, on orders, arrived in Kazan, he was put in prison. During the interrogation, Pyotr Andreevich, not wanting to involve Marya, kept silent about why he was leaving Orenburg. Grinev's accuser, Shvabrin, claimed that Pyotr Andreevich was a spy for Pugachev.

Marya Ivanovna was received by Grinev's parents "with sincere cordiality". The news of the arrest of Pyotr Andreevich amazed everyone - he was threatened with life exile in Siberia. To save her lover, Marya went to St. Petersburg and stayed in Tsarskoye Selo. During a morning walk, she got into a conversation with an unfamiliar lady, told her her story and that she had come to ask the Empress for Grinev's pardon.

On the same day, the carriage of the Empress was sent for Marya. The Empress turned out to be the same lady with whom the girl had spoken in the morning. The Empress pardoned Grinev and promised to help her with the dowry.

According to not Grinev, but the author, at the end of 1774, Pyotr Andreich was released. "He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him." Soon Grinev married Marya. "The manuscript of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was delivered to us from one of his grandsons."

Conclusion

In the historical story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" both main and secondary characters deserve attention. The most controversial figure in the work is Emelyan Pugachev. The cruel, bloodthirsty leader of the rebels is portrayed by the author as a person who is not devoid of positive, somewhat romanticized qualities. Pugachev appreciates the kindness and sincerity of Grinev, helps his beloved.

The characters that oppose each other are Grinev and Shvabrin. Pyotr Andreich remains true to his ideas to the last, even when his life depended on it. Shvabrin easily changes his mind, joins the rebels, becomes a traitor.

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Retelling rating

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Retelling plan

1. The life of the undergrowth Petrusha Grinev.
2. Peter goes to serve in Orenburg.
3. A stranger saves Grinev in a snowstorm, Peter gives the “counselor” a hare sheepskin coat.
4. Acquaintance of Grinev with the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress.
5. Duel Grinev and Shvabrin.
6. Peter does not receive the blessing of his parents for the wedding with Masha Mironova.
7. Residents of the fortress learn about the approach of Emelyan Pugachev's troops.
8. Pugachev establishes his power in the fortress.
9. Shvabrin goes over to the side of Pugachev. The rebel releases Grinev, remembering his hare sheepskin coat.
10. Shvabrin becomes the commandant of the fortress and forces Masha, left an orphan, to marry him.
11. Grinev and Savelich go to Masha's aid and meet Pugachev again.
12. Pugachev releases Masha and Grinev.
13. Peter sends Masha to his parents, and he fights against Pugachev.
14. Grinev arrested on Shvabrin's denunciation.
15. Masha seeks justice from the Empress.

retelling

Epigraph: Take care of honor from a young age. (Proverb.)

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

Pyotr Grinev's father retired; the family had nine children, but all except Peter died in infancy. Petrusha was enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment even before he was born. The boy is brought up by the serf uncle Savelyich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and learns to "judge the merits of a greyhound dog." Later, the Frenchman Beaupre was discharged to him, who was supposed to teach the boy "in French, German and other sciences", but he did not engage in Petrusha's upbringing, but drank and walked. The father soon discovered this and drove the Frenchman out.

In the seventeenth year, the father sends Petrusha to the service, but not to Petersburg, as his son hoped, but to Orenburg. Along the way, Grinev meets captain Zurin in a tavern, who teaches him to play billiards, gets him drunk and wins 100 rubles from him. Grinev "behaved like a boy breaking free." The next morning, Zurin demands a win. Wanting to show character, Grinev forces Savelyich, despite his protests, to give out money, and, ashamed, leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2

On the way, Grinev asks Savelich for forgiveness for his stupid behavior. On the way they are caught by a storm. They go astray, but they meet a man who leads them to a place to live. At the inn, Grinev looks at the counselor. He speaks with the owner in “allegorical language”: “I flew into the garden, pecked hemp; grandmother threw a pebble, but past. Grinev sees a prophetic dream in which subsequent events are predicted. Grinev gives the counselor a hare sheepskin coat c. gratitude for salvation.

From Orenburg, an old comrade of his father, Andrei Karlovich, sends Grinev to serve in the Belogorsk fortress (40 miles from the city).

Chapter 3

The fortress looks like a village. A sensible and kind old woman, the wife of the commandant, Vasilisa Yegorovna, manages everything.

Grinev meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer transferred to the fortress for a duel. He tells Grinev about life in the fortress, caustically describes the commandant's family, speaks especially unflatteringly about the commandant's daughter Mironov Masha.

Chapter 4

Grinev is very attached to the commandant's family. He is promoted to officer. Grinev talks a lot with Shvabrin, but he likes him less and less, and especially his caustic remarks about Masha. Grinev devotes love poems to Masha, mediocre ones. Shvabrin sharply criticizes them, insults Masha to a conversation with Grinev. Grinev calls him a liar, Shvabrin demands satisfaction. To prevent a duel, Vasilisa Yegorovna orders them to be arrested. After some time, Grinev learns from Masha that Shvabrin was wooing her, and she refused him (this explains Shvabrin's stubborn slander against the girl). The duel resumes, Shvabrin insidiously wounds Grinev.

Chapter 5

Masha and Savelich tend to the wounded. Grinev proposes to Masha. He writes a letter to his parents with a request to bless the marriage. Shvabrin comes to visit Grinev, admits that he was to blame. In the letter of Father Grinev - a refusal to bless. Masha avoids Grinev, does not want a wedding without the consent of her parents. Grinev ceases to visit the Mironovs' house, loses heart.

Chapter 6

The commandant receives a notification about Yemelyan Pugachev's band of robbers attacking the fortress. Vasilisa Yegorovna finds out everything, and rumors of an imminent attack spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev surrounds the fortress and calls on the enemy to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send Masha out of the fortress. Masha says goodbye to Grinev. Vasilisa Egorovna refuses to leave and stays with her husband.

Chapter 7

At night, the Cossacks leave the Belogorsk fortress under the banner of Pugachev. The Pugachevites attack the fortress. The commandant and the few defenders of the fortress defend themselves, but the forces are unequal. Pugachev, who has captured the fortress, arranges a trial. Ivan Kuzmich and his comrades are executed (hanged). When the turn comes to Grinev, Savelich throws himself at the feet of Pugachev, begging to spare the "lord's child", he promises; ransom. Pugachev changes his anger to mercy, remembering the barchuk who gave him a hare sheepskin coat. Residents of the city and garrison soldiers swear allegiance to Pugachev. Vasilisa Yegorovna is taken out onto the porch and killed. Pugachev leaves. The people run after him.

Chapter 10

Grinev goes to Orenburg to see General Andrei Karlovich. Officials offer to bribe Pugachev's people (put a high price on his head). The constable brings Grinev a letter from Masha from the Belogorsk fortress. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him. Grinev asks the general to give him a company of soldiers and fifty Cossacks in order to clear the Belogorsk fortress. The General, of course, refuses.

Chapter 11

Grinev and Savelyich go alone to help Masha. On the way, Pugachev's people grab them. Pugachev interrogates Grinev about his intentions in the presence of like-minded people. Grinev confesses that he is going to save the orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The robbers offer to deal not only with Shvabrin, but also with Grinev, namely, hang them both. Pugachev treats Grinev with obvious sympathy, promises to marry him to Masha. In the morning, Grinev in Pugachev's wagon goes to the fortress. In a confidential conversation, Pugachev tells him that he would like to go to Moscow, tells Grinev a Kalmyk tale about an eagle and a raven.

Chapter 12

In the fortress, Pugachev finds out that Shvabrin is mocking Masha, starving her. Pugachev "by the will of the sovereign" releases the girl and wants to immediately marry her to Grinev. Shvabrin reveals that she is the daughter of Captain Mironov. Pugachev decides: "execute so, execute, favor, so favor" and releases Grinev and Masha.

Chapter 13

On the way out of the fortress, the soldiers arrest Grinev, mistaking him for a Pugachevite, and take him to their boss, who turns out to be Zurin. On his advice, Grinev decides to send Masha and Savelich to his parents, while he continues to fight. Pugachev is pursued, caught. The war ends. Zurin receives an order to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan to the Investigative Commission on the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14

Because of Shvabrin's slanderous denunciation, Grinev is suspected of serving Pugachev. He is sentenced to exile in Siberia.

Grinev's parents are in grief because of the fate of their son. They became very attached to Masha. Masha goes to Petersburg to seek justice from the Empress herself. In Tsarskoye Selo, in the garden, she accidentally meets the Empress, not knowing who is in front of her, and tells the true story of Grinev, explains that he came to Pugachev because of her. Masha is summoned to the palace. At the audience, the empress promises to arrange the fate of Masha and forgive Grinev. He is released from custody.