We are all a little bit of a horse. “Good attitude towards horses” B

Topic: From the literature of the 20th century

Lesson: Poem by V.V. Mayakovsky " Good attitude to the horses"

Tall, broad-shouldered, with courageous and sharp features, Mayakovsky was in fact a very kind, gentle and vulnerable person. He loved animals very much (Fig. 1).

It is known that he could not pass by a stray cat or dog, he picked them up and placed them with friends. One day, 6 dogs and 3 cats lived in his room at the same time, one of which soon gave birth to kittens. The landlady ordered the immediate closure of this menagerie, and Mayakovsky hastily began to look for new owners for the pets.

Rice. 1. Photo. Mayakovsky with a dog ()

One of the most heartfelt declarations of love for “our smaller brothers” - perhaps in all world literature - we will find in Mayakovsky:

I love animals.

You will see a little dog -

there's one at the bakery -

complete baldness, -

and then I’m ready to get the liver.

I don't feel sorry, darling

From the biography of V. Mayakovsky, we know that he studied in Moscow at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and at the same time was interested in a new direction in art, called FUTURISM, and socialist ideas.

Futurism(from Latin futurum - future) - common name artistic avant-garde movements of the 1910s - early 1920s. XX century, primarily in Italy and Russia. The manifesto of the Russian futurists was called “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste” (1912)

Futurists believed that literature should seek new themes and forms. According to them, modern poet must defend his rights. Here is their list:

1. To increase the vocabulary in its volume with arbitrary and derivative words (word-innovation)

2. An insurmountable hatred of the language that existed before them

3. With horror, remove from your proud brow the wreath of penny glory you made from the bath brooms

4. Stand on the rock of the word “we” amid a sea of ​​whistles and indignation

Futurists experimented with words, creating their own neologisms. So, for example, the futurist Khlebnikov came up with the name of the Russian futurists - Budutlyans (people of the future).

For participation in revolutionary circles, Mayakovsky was arrested three times, the last time he spent 11 months in prison. It was during this period that Mayakovsky decided to take literature seriously. In Aseev’s poem “Mayakovsky Begins” (Fig. 2), this period of the poet’s life is described in the following words:

Rice. 2. Illustration for Aseev’s poem “Mayakovsky Begins” ()

And here he comes out:

big, long-legged,

splashed

glacial rain,

under the wide-brimmed

sagging hat

under a cloak polished by poverty.

There's no one around.

Only prison is behind us.

Lantern to lantern.

Not a penny for my soul...

Only the smell of Moscow

hot rolls,

let the horse fall

breathing sideways.

The mention of a horse in this passage is not accidental. One of best poems early Mayakovsky became Poem "Good attitude towards horses"(Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Illustration for Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses” ()

Plot it was prompted by life itself.

Once V.V. Mayakovsky witnessed a street incident that was not uncommon in the famine-stricken Moscow of 1918: an exhausted horse fell onto the icy pavement.

June 9, 1918 in the Moscow edition of the newspaper “ New life» No. 8 a poem by V.V. was published. Mayakovsky "Good attitude towards horses."

The poem is unusual in form and content. Firstly, the stanza is unusual, when a poetic line is broken and the continuation is written on a new line. This technique was called “Mayakovsky’s ladder” and was explained by him in the article “ How to make poetry?" The poet believed that such a recording gives the poem the necessary rhythm.

Images in Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses.”

Horse	Street (crowd)	Lyrical hero
1. Horse on the croup crashed 2. Behind the chapels of the chapels rolls down the face, hiding in the fur... rushed got to her feet, 3. Red-haired child. The cheerful one came, stood in the stall. And everything seemed to her - she's a foal and it was worth living, and it was worth the work.	1. Experienced by the wind, shod with ice, the street was slipping 2. Behind the onlooker, onlooker, Kuznetsky came to flare his pants, huddled together the laughter rang and jingled 3. The street overturned flows in its own way...	1. Kuznetsky laughed. 2. And some general animal melancholy splashes poured out of me and blurred into a rustle. "Horse, don't. Horse, listen - Why do you think that you are worse than them? we are all a little bit of a horse, Each of us is a horse in our own way."
A horse is a symbol of a lonely living soul that needs support and sympathy. It is also a symbol of persistent character, the horse has found the strength to rise and live on.	The street is a hostile, indifferent, cold and cruel world.

Conclusion: in the poem Mayakovsky raises moral problem cruelty and indifference of the world towards a living soul. However, despite this, the idea of ​​the poem is optimistic. If the horse found the strength to rise and stand in the stall, then the poet draws a conclusion for himself: no matter what, it’s worth living and working.

Means of artistic expression

Expanded metaphor. Unlike a simple metaphor, an expanded one contains a figurative resemblance to a certain life phenomenon and is revealed throughout the segment or the entire poem.

For example:

1. Experienced by the wind,

shod with ice,

the street was slipping.

2. And some general

animal melancholy

splashes poured out of me

and blurred into a rustle.

Stylistic devices: assonance and alliteration. These are phonetic techniques that allow you to draw or convey an event with sounds.

Assonance:

The horse fell! -

The horse fell! -

With the help of vowels, the poet conveys the cry of the crowd, or perhaps the neighing of a horse, its cry. Or the cry of a lyrical hero? These lines sound pain, moaning, anxiety.

Alliteration:

huddled together

the laughter rang and jingled

With the help of consonants, the poet conveys the unpleasant laughter of the crowd. The sounds are annoying, like the squeak of a rusty wheel.

Onomatopoeia- one of the types of sound recording: use phonetic combinations, capable of conveying the sound of the described phenomena

For example:

The hooves were beating.

It was as if they sang:

Using two- and one-syllable words with repeated sounds, the poet creates sound effect galloping horse.

Features of rhyme

V. Mayakovsky was in many ways a pioneer, reformer, and experimenter. His poem “Being Good to Horses” surprises with its richness, variety and originality of rhyme.

For example:

Truncated, inaccurate: worse - horse, onlooker - tinkled

Unequally complex: in wool - in a rustle, stall - stood

Composite: howl to him - in your own way

Homonymous: went - short adjective and went - verb.

Thus, the author uses various literary devices to create a bright, emotional picture that will not leave anyone indifferent. This feature is inherent in all of Mayakovsky’s work. Mayakovsky saw his purpose, first of all, in influencing readers. That is why M. Tsvetaeva called him “the world’s first poet of the masses,” and Platonov “the master of the universal great life.”

Bibliography

1. Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. — 2008.
2. Tishchenko O.A. Homework in literature for grade 7 (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). — 2012.
3. Kuteinikova N.E. Literature lessons in 7th grade. — 2009.
Source).

Homework

1. Expressively read the poem by V. Mayakovsky “Good attitude towards horses.” What is special about the rhythm of this poem? Was it easy for you to read? Why?
2. Find the author's words in the poem. How are they educated?
3. Find examples of extended metaphor, hyperbole, pun, assonance, and alliteration in the poem.
4. Find the lines that express the idea of ​​the poem.

The hooves beat
It was as if they sang:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell!
- The horse fell! —
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...

The street has turned over
flows in its own way...

I came up and saw -
Behind the chapels of the chapels
rolls down the face,
hiding in the fur...

And some general
animal melancholy
splashes poured out of me
and blurred into a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
Why do you think that you are worse than these?
Baby,
we are all a little bit of a horse,
Each of us is a horse in our own way.”
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to go well with her,
only
horse
rushed
got to her feet,
neighed
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
The cheerful one came,
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she's a foal
and it was worth living,
and it was worth the work.

Analysis of the poem “Good attitude towards horses” by Mayakovsky

Poem “Good attitude towards horses” - shining example creative originality of Mayakovsky's talent. The poet was a complex, contradictory personality. His works did not fit into accepted standards. IN Tsarist Russia The futurist movement was sharply condemned. Mayakovsky warmly welcomed the revolution. He believed that after the coup d'etat, people's lives would change dramatically, and incomparably better side. The poet longed for change not so much in politics as in human consciousness. His ideal was purification from all prejudices and remnants of bourgeois society.

But already the first months of existence Soviet power showed that the vast majority of the population remained the same. The change of regime did not produce a revolution in human consciousness. Misunderstanding and dissatisfaction with the results grows in Mayakovsky’s soul. Subsequently, this will lead to a severe mental crisis and suicide of the poet.

In 1918, Mayakovsky wrote the poem “A Good Treatment for Horses,” which stands out from the general range of laudatory works created in the first days of the revolution. At a time when the essential foundations of the state and society are being destroyed, the poet turns to a strange topic. He describes his personal observation: an exhausted horse fell on the Kuznetsky Bridge, which immediately attracted a crowd of onlookers.

Mayakovsky is amazed by the situation. The country is undergoing tremendous changes that influence the course of world history. A new world is being built. Meanwhile, the crowd's focus is on a fallen horse. And the saddest thing is that none of the “builders of the new world” are going to help the poor animal. There is deafening laughter. Out of the entire huge crowd, one poet feels sympathy and compassion. He is able to truly see the “horse’s eyes” filled with tears.

The main idea of ​​the work is contained in the lyrical hero’s address to the horse. The indifference and heartlessness of people led to the fact that man and animal changed places. The horse is burdened hard work, she is on general principles with a person contributes to a joint difficult task. People show their animal nature by mocking her suffering. For Mayakovsky, the horse becomes closer and dearer than the “human garbage” surrounding him. He addresses the animal with warm words of support, in which he admits that “we are all a little bit of a horse.” Human participation gives the horse strength, it gets up on its own and continues on its way.

Mayakovsky in his work criticizes people for callousness and indifference. He believes that only mutual support and assistance will help his fellow citizens overcome all difficulties and not lose their humanity.

“Good attitude towards horses” Vladimir Mayakovsky

The hooves beat
It was as if they sang:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell!
- The horse fell! —
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...

The street has turned over
flows in its own way...

I came up and saw -
Behind the chapels of the chapels
rolls down the face,
hiding in the fur...

And some general
animal melancholy
splashes poured out of me
and blurred into a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
Why do you think that you are worse than these?
Baby,
we are all a little bit of a horse,
Each of us is a horse in our own way.”
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to go well with her,
only
horse
rushed
got to her feet,
neighed
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
The cheerful one came,
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she's a foal
and it was worth living,
and it was worth the work.

Analysis of Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses”

Despite his wide popularity, Vladimir Mayakovsky felt like a kind of social outcast all his life. The poet made his first attempts to understand this phenomenon back in adolescence, when he earned his living by publicly reading poetry. He was considered a fashionable futurist writer, but few could have imagined that behind the rude and defiant phrases that the author threw into the crowd, there was a very sensitive and vulnerable soul. However, Mayakovsky knew how to perfectly disguise his emotions and very rarely succumbed to the provocations of the crowd, which sometimes disgusted him. And only in poetry could he allow himself to be himself, splashing out on paper what was sore and boiling in his heart.

The poet greeted the 1917 revolution with enthusiasm, believing that now his life would change for the better. Mayakovsky was convinced that he was witnessing the birth of a new world, more just, pure and open. However, very soon he realized that political system changed, but the essence of people remained the same. And it doesn’t matter which one social class they treated it because cruelty, stupidity, treachery and mercilessness were inherent in the majority of representatives of his generation.

IN new country trying to live according to the laws of equality and brotherhood, Mayakovsky felt quite happy. But at the same time, the people who surrounded him often became the subject of ridicule and sarcastic jokes of the poet. This was a kind of defensive reaction of Mayakovsky to the pain and insults that were caused to him not only by friends and relatives, but also by random passers-by or restaurant visitors.

In 1918, the poet wrote the poem “Good Treatment of Horses,” in which he compared himself to a hunted nag, which became the subject of universal ridicule. According to eyewitnesses, Mayakovsky actually witnessed an unusual incident on the Kuznetsky Bridge, when an old red mare slipped on the icy pavement and “fell on her rump.” Dozens of onlookers immediately came running, pointing their fingers at the unfortunate animal and laughing, as its pain and helplessness gave them obvious pleasure. Only Mayakovsky, passing by, did not join the joyful and hooting crowd, but looked into the horse’s eyes, from which “behind the drops of droplets rolls down the muzzle, hiding in the fur.” The author is struck not by the fact that the horse cries just like a human, but by a certain “animal melancholy” in its look. Therefore, the poet mentally turned to the animal, trying to cheer him up and console him. “Baby, we are all a little bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in our own way,” the author began to persuade his unusual interlocutor.

The red mare seemed to feel the participation and support from the person, “rushed, stood up, neighed and walked.” Simple human sympathy gave her the strength to cope with a difficult situation, and after such unexpected support, “everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living, and it was worth working.” It was precisely this kind of attitude from people towards himself that the poet himself dreamed of, believing that even ordinary attention to his person, not covered in the halo of poetic glory, would give him strength to live and move forward. But, unfortunately, those around him saw Mayakovsky primarily as a famous writer, and no one was interested in him inner world, fragile and contradictory. This depressed the poet so much that for the sake of understanding, friendly participation and sympathy, he was ready to happily change places with the red horse. Because among the huge crowd of people there was at least one person who showed compassion for her, something that Mayakovsky could only dream of.

Vladimir Mayakovsky
Anthology of Russian poetry

Mayakovsky wrote the poem “A Good Treatment for Horses” in 1918. It is known that Mayakovsky, like no other poet, accepted the revolution and was completely captured by the events associated with it. He had a clear civil position, and the artist decided to dedicate his art to the revolution and the people who made it. But in everyone’s life, not only the sun shines. And although the poets of that time were people in demand, Mayakovsky, as an intelligent and sensitive person, understood that it is necessary and possible to serve the Fatherland with creativity, but the crowd does not always understand the poet. In the end, not only any poet, but also any person remains lonely.

Theme of the poem: the story of a horse that “crashed” onto the cobblestone street, apparently from fatigue and because the road was slippery. A fallen and crying horse is a kind of double of the author: “Baby, we are all a little bit of a horse.”
People, having seen a fallen horse, continue to go about their business, and compassion and a merciful attitude towards a defenseless creature have disappeared. But only lyrical hero felt “some kind of general animal melancholy.”

Good attitude towards horses
The hooves beat
It was as if they sang:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell!
- The horse fell! -
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...

Read by Oleg Basilashvili
Oleg Valerianovich Basilashvili (born September 26, 1934, Moscow) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. People's Artist of the USSR

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893 – 1930)
Russian Soviet poet. Born in Georgia, in the village of Baghdadi, in the family of a forester.
From 1902 he studied at a gymnasium in Kutaisi, then in Moscow, where after the death of his father he moved with his family. In 1908 he left the gymnasium, devoting himself to underground revolutionary work. At the age of fifteen he joined the RSDLP(b) and carried out propaganda tasks. He was arrested three times, and in 1909 he was in Butyrka prison in solitary confinement. There he began to write poetry. Since 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Having joined the Cubo-Futurists, in 1912 he published his first poem, “Night,” in the futurist collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”
The theme of the tragedy of human existence under capitalism permeates Mayakovsky’s major works of the pre-revolutionary years - the poems “Cloud in Pants”, “Spine Flute”, “War and Peace”. Even then, Mayakovsky sought to create poetry of “squares and streets” addressed to the broad masses. He believed in the imminence of the coming revolution.
Epic and lyrics, striking satire and propaganda posters ROSTA - all this variety of Mayakovsky’s genres bears the stamp of his originality. In the lyrical epic poems “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” and “Good!” the poet embodied the thoughts and feelings of a person in a socialist society, the features of the era. Mayakovsky powerfully influenced the progressive poetry of the world - Johannes Becher and Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet and Pablo Neruda studied with him. In the later works “Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” there is a powerful satire with dystopian elements on Soviet reality.
In 1930 he committed suicide, unable to bear internal conflict with “bronze” Soviet era, in 1930, buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.

Mayakovsky was an extraordinary personality and an outstanding poet. He often raised, in his works, simple human themes. One of them is pity and concern for the fate of a horse that fell in the middle of the square, in his poem “A Good Treatment for Horses.” And people were hurrying and running around. They do not care about the tragedy of a living being.

The author talks about what happened to humanity, which has no compassion for the poor animal, where did everyone go? best qualities that are inherent to humanity. She lay in the middle of the street and looked around with sad eyes. Mayakovsky compares people to a horse, implying that the same thing could happen to anyone in society, and around, hundreds of people will still rush and rush and no one will show compassion. Many will simply pass by and not even turn their heads. Each line of the poet is filled with sadness and tragic loneliness, where through the laughter and voices one can hear, as it were, the clatter of horse hooves receding into the gray mist of the day.

Mayakovsky has his own artistic and expressive means, with the help of which the atmosphere of the work is intensified. To do this, the writer uses a special rhyming pattern of lines and words, which was so characteristic of him. In general, he was a great master of inventing new words and means to express his thoughts more clearly and unconventionally. Mayakovsky used precise and imprecise, rich rhymes, with feminine and masculine accents. The poet used free and free verse, which gave him the opportunity to more accurately express the necessary thoughts and emotions. He called for help - sound recording, phonetic speech device, which gave the work special expressiveness.

The lines often repeat and contrast sounds: vowels and consonants. Used alliteration and assonance, metaphors and inversion. When at the end of the poem, the red horse, having gathered its last strength, remembering itself as a little horse, got up and walked down the street, loudly clattering its hooves. She seemed to be supported by the lyrical hero, who sympathized with her and condemned those who laughed at her. And there was hope that there would be goodness, joy and life.

Analysis of the poem Good attitude towards Mayakovsky’s horses

V.V. Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses” is one of the most piercing and life-affirming poems of the poet, loved even by those who do not like the poet’s work.
It begins with the words:

"They beat the hooves,
It was as if they sang:
-Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Grub-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
The street was slipping."

To convey the atmosphere of that time, the chaos that reigned in society, Mayakovsky uses such gloomy words to begin his poem.

And you immediately imagine a cobblestone street in the center of old Moscow. a cold winter day, a cart with a red horse in harness and clerks, artisans and other business people scurrying about their business. Everything goes as usual....

I. oh horror" "Horse on the croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
trousers
those who came
Kuznetsky
flare,
huddled together..."

A crowd immediately gathered near the old mare, whose laughter “ringed” throughout Kuznetsky.
Here Mayakovsky wants to show the spiritual appearance of a huge crowd. There can be no talk of any compassion or mercy.

What about the horse? Helpless, old and without strength, she lay on the pavement and understood everything. And only one (!) person from the crowd approached the horse and looked into the “horse’s eyes,” full of prayer, humiliation and shame for his helpless old age. The compassion for the horse was so great that the man spoke to it in human language:

"Horse, don't.
Horse,
listen to what you think you are
worse than these?
Baby,
all of us
a little bit
horses,
each of us
in my own way
horse."

Here Mayakovsky makes it clear that the people who mocked the fallen horse are no better than the horses themselves.
These human words of support worked a miracle! The horse seemed to understand them and they gave her strength! The horse jumped to its feet, neighed and walked away! She no longer felt old and sick, she remembered her youth and seemed like a foal!

“And it was worth living and working!” - Mayakovsky ends his poem with this life-affirming phrase. And somehow my soul feels good from such a plot outcome.

What is this poem about? The poem teaches us kindness, participation, indifference to the misfortune of others, respect for old age. What was said in time kind word, help and support to those who especially need it can change a lot in a person’s soul. Even the horse understood the man's sincere compassion towards her.

As you know, Mayakovsky experienced persecution, misunderstanding, and denial of his creativity in his life, so we can assume that he imagined himself as that very horse that so needs human participation!

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