Nate artistic techniques. Analysis of the poem "Nate!" Mayakovsky

Analysis of the poem by Nate Mayakovsky according to plan

1. History of creation. The poem "Nate" (1913) is an open challenge by V. Mayakovsky to the assembled public. At the beginning of his literary career, the poet often had to perform in restaurants, cabarets, and cafes.

Mayakovsky frankly despised well-fed and contented townsfolk. But performances brought income and fame. The famous futurist was distinguished by his outrageous and impudent behavior.

"Nate!" - a vivid example, written by the poet specifically for a performance at the opening of the Pink Lantern cabaret. After reading the poem, the atmosphere became so tense that the police had to be called.

2. Genre of the work. In the classical sense, "Nate!" - a lyric poem. But Mayakovsky's work is so original that it would be more appropriate to call the work a challenge, a denunciation, a "spit" in the direction of "good society."

3. Main theme poems - the opposition of the poet and the crowd. This theme began to be developed in Russian poetry by A. S. Pushkin. But in the work of Mayakovsky, it acquires a completely different sound. The beginning of the 20th century was marked by significant changes in the cultural life of the whole world. The generally recognized authorities were overthrown, new styles and directions arose.

In Russia, one of the most radical trends in literature has become futurism, which completely rejects the "old" art. The main distinguishing feature of the poem "Nate!" - use of rude, obscene language. Mayakovsky deliberately goes into conflict, causing the anger of the crowd. He seeks to cause confusion and horror in the public.

From the first stanza, the author sharply separates himself ("the priceless words wast and spender") from the gathered "flabby fat". Mayakovsky is disgusted to reveal his talent to people who are fed up with food and entertainment. At that time in Russia, few could afford to visit restaurants and cabarets. They gathered predominantly a dark audience, earning money in an unclean way.

Mayakovsky hated the bourgeois way of life. His accusations are directed against gluttony ("cabbage in the mustache"), artificial beauty ("thick white") and thoughtless automatic money-grubbing ("look ... from the shells of things"). The third stanza is even more offensive: the "butterfly of the poet's heart" is contrasted with the "hundred-headed louse" of the crowd. One can only speculate about the reaction of the public to these lines. In the final stanza, Mayakovsky declares his creative freedom and independence. Calling himself a "rude Hun," he claims he can stop his performance at any time. His work is not a commodity. Instead of poems, the crowd may receive a spit in the face from the poet.

4. Composition of the work- partially circular. In the first and last stanzas, the definition given by the poet to himself is repeated - "the priceless words wast and spender."

5. The size of the poem non-traditional, bringing it closer to oral speech. Rhyme cross.

6. Expressive means. Epithets emphasize the poet's disgust at the sight of the crowd: "flabby", "dirty", "hundred-headed". The young futurist uses original metaphors ("verses of caskets", "oyster from the shells of things") and contrasts ("clean alley" - "flabby fat"). Comparing himself with a "rude Hun", the author makes it clear that his goal is the complete destruction of the old society.

7. Main idea works - the poet does not depend on the desires of the crowd. He may, out of necessity, "sell" his works, but his soul and convictions cannot be bought. The poet must always boldly express his views, even if it threatens him with punishment or reprisal.

The poem "Nate" was written by Vladimir Mayakovsky in 1913.

In the years preceding the revolution in Russia, the entire edge of Mayakovsky's satire was directed against the "fat" and "insensitive" people to the words of the poet. The poet began to lay a creative track precisely from such poems as "Nate", where the feeling of one's own remoteness from the world with vulgar thoughts and customs reigning in it was sung.

In "Nat" the world of fattening inhabitants is presented, which they look at "oyster from the shells of things." Mayakovsky, with his characteristic sarcasm, speaks of people's obsession with material things, their lack of spirituality, narrow-mindedness and vulgarity.

The theme of the poem: "insensitive" crowd, not hearing the high call of poetry.

“... And I opened so many verses of the caskets for you ...”

The idea of ​​the poem: Mayakovsky seeks to encourage people to break away from their everyday life, to get out of the routine of everyday bustle, he challenges the crowd and calls on her to stop, look around and think, only the “crowd” still does not hear him, and he continues to mock him with bitterness in his heart .

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Mayakovsky mocks the philistines, who do not understand the whole sublimity of spiritual values, being too squeezed by the framework of material goods and everyday needs.

The poet is hostile to the crowd, and wants to wake up a volcano of indignation and anger, he needs a scandal, because only through strong, stormy, militant emotions is it possible to make a person look at things differently, to see new facets and shades in life, to pull out their other quality. After all, Mayakovsky actually believes in a person and believes in himself that he will be able to awaken a Man with a capital letter in a person.

And no matter how he mocks the crowd, the poet feels lonely in this hostile world, which he himself created around himself, and now seeks to remake: to make those who “do not hear” hear, those who do not see see, those who do not feel, finally feel and to feel this life… His perception of life, the manifestation of aggression towards people is a way of survival, defense and attack.

In the poem, V. Mayakovsky uses such artistic visual means as

sarcasm: “your flabby fat will flow out over a person”, “oysters from the shells of things”,

and epithets: "the crowd will go wild, will rub."

The poem "Nate" is a poem in which Mayakovsky reflected his futuristic inclinations, his rejection of the world of that time, and those who feel themselves masters in it.

“Nate!” - the intriguing title of a poem by V. V. Mayakovsky. It was written by the poet in 1913. This work is studied at the lesson of literature in the 11th grade. You are offered a brief analysis of it.

Brief analysis

History of creation- the poem was written in 1913 by young Vladimir Mayakovsky, bold and daring, boldly denouncing the people of his century.

Topic- the struggle of the poet and the crowd, which is unable to understand the high, the decay of society, a sharp decline in the cultural level.

Composition- ring, the poem consists of four stanzas, the first and last end in the same way.

Genre- a poem written under the influence of the ideas of futurism.

Poetic size- accent verse, different types of rhyme are used: exact and inexact, male and female, rhyming method - cross ABAB.

Metaphors- “your flabby fat will flow out over a person”, “opened so many verses of caskets”, “look like an oyster from the shells of things”, “perch on a butterfly of a poetic heart”, “hundred-headed louse”.

History of creation

The poem was created by Vladimir Mayakovsky under the impression of the reality surrounding him: in the midst of the First World War, people suffer. live in difficult conditions, but there are also those who skillfully make money on someone else's grief. The young poet despises this crowd, which is incapable of appreciating the "verses of the boxes" open to them.

Topic

The idea of ​​confrontation between the poet and the crowd is not new to the history of poetry, many poets embodied it in their poems, but Mayakovsky managed to convey it in a special way, with his characteristic strength and color.

The lyrical hero is bold and not subject to anyone, he is ready to resist the crowd and boldly declares: “if today I ... do not want to grimace in front of you - and now I will laugh and ... spit in your face”. He calls himself a "rude Hun", associating himself with a nomad, not limited by boundaries, free.

The meaning of his struggle is understandable - on the one hand, he expresses his contempt, and on the other hand, he tries to attract attention to himself, to find support in the face of people like him.

The poem also raises the theme of the decline in the intellectual level of people. The poet's poems are perceived from a consumer point of view, which worries him a lot.

Composition

The verse consists of four stanzas. The composition of the poem can be called a ring: the poet repeats the same words at the beginning and at the end, saying about himself: “I am a wast and a spender of priceless words”.

In the first part, the author regrets that he “opened so many verses of the caskets” to those who cannot appreciate them. The crowd for the poet is a man who "has cabbage somewhere half-eaten, half-eaten cabbage soup" in his mustache, and a woman who has "densely whitened". But they don't scare him that much.

In the second part, the lyrical hero realizes that these people are dangerous when they are together - “The crowd will become brutal, it will rub, the hundred-headed louse will bristle its legs.” Here he seems weak and defenseless, afraid that this rude, dirty crowd will kill the "butterfly of the poet's heart."

But in the third, final part, we again see that fearless hero that was at the beginning, and if he wants, he can laugh and spit in the face of this crowd.

Genre

The verse was written under the influence of futuristic ideas, which Mayakovsky was fond of.

It consists of three quatrains and one quintuple. It has the form of an accent verse (approximately the same number of percussive sounds in the lines). Different types of rhyme are used: exact (cabbage soup - things, lane - caskets), inaccurate (cabbage - thick, hearts - rubbed); male (fat - spender), female (hun - spit).

The rhyming method is cross ABAB.

means of expression

The artistic means chosen by Mayakovsky are unusual, bright and sometimes unexpected. He often uses metaphors, for example: “your flabby fat will flow out over a person”, “opened so many verses of caskets”, “look like an oyster from the shells of things”, “perch on a butterfly of a poetic heart”, “hundred-headed louse”.

It is impossible not to notice a few words that are copyright: poetic, hundred-headed louse. This distinguishes Mayakovsky from other poets. His sharp, sometimes rude speech, bold denunciation of the lowest human vices, struggle - are felt in his works, reflect his character.

Poem Test

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The lyrics of Vladimir Mayakovsky, one of the most original and talented poets of the 20th century, are clearly divided into two periods. His works, written before the revolution of 1917, are distinguished by their enormous energy, power and strength of the lyrical hero. But, at the same time, the poems of this period are filled with loneliness, the hero's longing for love and understanding, for a kindred soul, which he does not see in the reality surrounding him. Hence the protest, rebellion, outrageousness, the desire of Mayakovsky's hero to rebuild the whole world, the whole Universe.
Mayakovsky's poem "Nate!" (1913) is one of the most striking and characteristic works of the poet's early work. The name itself sets us up for a shocking mood. The colloquial and rude “Nate!”, which the hero throws to the soulless and vulgar public, explains his attitude towards her. The hero, like a sop, throws his poems to this public, not hoping for their understanding, and even more so for a worthy assessment of creativity.
The poem "Nate!" has elements of a specific plot. The lyrical hero in some institution, maybe in a restaurant, reads his poems to the chewing public. He speaks to these people with the most painful, about what he tears from the heart, about his most secret: "I have opened so many verses of caskets to you, I am a wast and spender of priceless words." The epithet "priceless" emphasizes the significance of these words for the lyrical hero.
Why does he call himself a "waste and spender?" It seems to me, on the one hand, because the hero realizes the futility of his efforts to open up to the ever-chewing "fat" men and women. On the other hand, these definitions indicate the strength and powerful energy of a hero who, not sparing himself, will continue to try to do something, to change the world with his creativity.
But what about the public? She does not care:
Here you are, man, you have cabbage in your mustache
somewhere half-finished, half-eaten cabbage soup;
here you are, a woman, whitened thickly on you,
you look like an oyster from the shells of things.
These people are mired in petty worries from the "world of things." They tightly hid their soul in a shell and are now unable to understand anything that does not concern their stomach. The vivid comparison "look like an oyster from the shells of things" helps us to understand this.
In the third quatrain, the boundaries of the poem begin to expand. Now the hero finds himself face to face with the whole hostile world, with the crowd. The metaphor that characterizes these relationships is very strong and vivid:
All of you on the butterfly of a poetic heart
pile up, dirty, in galoshes and without galoshes.
Galoshes here are a very accurate detail characterizing the "well-fed and vulgar public." For the hero, she is "dirty", dirty first of all with her soul, because she is deaf to everything beautiful.
Then the picture unfolds, intensifying its impact. These people in galoshes turn into a crowd that stands up like a powerful wall against the lyrical hero, not wanting to understand and accept him. The comparison “the hundred-headed louse bristles the legs” is evaluative. It contains the attitude of the lyrical hero in the crowd, which causes only disgust.
But the lyrical hero considers himself free from the opinion of this crowd. With joy and laughter, he states that he can simply spit in the face of this entire audience at any moment. What does it mean? It seems to me that Mayakovsky means that he can openly tell these people everything that he thinks about them. His hero can afford any outrageousness in order to somehow “stir up” the crowd, make it feel.
The poem ends with a repetition of a line from the first stanza of the poem. In it, the hero repeats once again that he is "a squanderer and waste of priceless words." Thus, the composition "Nate!" can be considered circular. Despite all the loneliness of the lyrical hero, the poem is positive. It emphasizes the strength, freedom, brightness of the poet, who will "do his job", no matter what.
This work touches on the theme of the poet and the crowd, traditional for Russian poetry, the relationship of the poet with the people. This topic is mainly solved in a classical way, despite all the innovation of artistic means. The poet is not understood by the crowd, rejected and ridiculed by it. But, at the same time, the poet interacts with this crowd, he opposes it, mocks and shocks.

Mayakovsky V.V. "NATE!"

Literary block.

The early period of the poet's work is represented by many discoveries in the field of versification. Almost immediately abandoning attempts at literary imitation, M. literally burst into Russian poetry of the early twentieth century - poetry, where such luminaries as A. Blok, A. Bely, Gumilyov N., Akhmatova A., Bryusov rightfully shone. His poems were strikingly different from what was considered to be good poetry, but he quickly entered into force and asserted his creative individuality, the right to be Mayakovsky. His dawn, according to A. Akhmatova, was stormy: Denying "classical boredom", the poet offered a new, revolutionary art, and in his own person - his representative. Undoubtedly, much in Mayakovsky's early work is associated with such an artistic movement as futurism, but at the same time, the ideas and poetic means of their embodiment in the author's works were much wider than traditional futuristic settings. The originality of M.'s early lyrics is primarily due to his personality, his bright talent, his views and beliefs.

"Nate!" the first of M.'s verses on the theme of the poet and the crowd appeared only a year after the start of his professional literary activity. It was first read at the opening of the literary cabaret "Pink Lantern" on October 19, 1913. M. in it anticipates the reaction of a respectable audience to his performance.

In "Nate!" the antagonistic contradiction between M. and the then audience - the bourgeois "crowd" is artistically reflected. As a result of separation from the revolutionary milieu, the poet actually remains face to face with this ideologically alien and hostile bourgeois "crowd". In "Nata!" M. speaks to the "crowd" no longer on behalf of the Cubo-Futurists, as was the case in his polemical reports and lectures, but on his own behalf. He directly expresses his attitude towards her - the 2nd stanza. M.'s goal was achieved: reading "Nate!" at the opening of the literary cabaret "Pink Lantern" (see above) in front of the public, to which this poem is directly addressed, literally infuriated her.

The title of the work already cuts the ear, it expresses the indignation of the creator, whom the spoiled public takes for a slave, ready to fulfill any of her desires. But the hero of the poem - the poet - wants to serve art, and not this crowd that burns through life. The title is emotionally charged and evokes (probably not every reader) a certain range of defiant gestures. Using the dictionary of V. Dahl, we can clarify the first impression: ““Nate” - pl. from on - command. here, take it, take it.Here you go, let go". As you can see, the first impression is confirmed. So already from the first word a special colloquial, emphatically reduced style of the poem is formed. Why? Otherwise, the addressee will not understand? There is a conflict at different levels, including the language level.

Obviously, the opposition of the lyrical hero, the poet - "I" - and the crowd - "you". "I -I have opened so many poems-caskets, priceless words wast and spender", the poet has a butterfly heart and at the same time he is a rude Hun, a jester, a comedian, grimacing in front of the crowd and challenging it. Even at the phonetic level, the opposition between the poet and the crowd is obvious: in the first two lines, the sound “h”, hissing “zh”, “sh”, whistling “s” and deaf “t”, “p”, “k” are persistently repeated. The alternation of these sounds, when carefully read, creates the impression of something flowing, flowing, snaking, slowly flowing “flabby fat”. In the third and fourth lines, the sound “h” disappears, and the alternation of the same consonants in a different order and the predominance of voiced consonants in the last line evoke the feeling of endless jewels pouring from the caskets - “priceless words”.

Thus, in the first quatrain, real, spiritual treasures are contrasted with false values: “... and I have opened so many verses of caskets to you, / / ​​I am priceless words and a spender.” The most valuable things are stored in boxes. The poet is ready to generously distribute his wealth, but he knows that in response his heart, tender as a butterfly, will be subjected to rude aggression. The butterfly flies, they walk on the dirty ground with their feet, hence the opposition of the third stanza, ending with the collective image of a crawling unclean insect, small and yet capable of "brutalizing" - the 3rd stanza.

Now the crowd of M. is not faceless, the eerie faces of a man with a cabbage in his mustache and an oyster woman protruding from the shell of things look out of it. But both metaphors are imbued with a sharp rejection on the part of the poet, malicious irony, mockery. Lack of spirituality becomes common for “you”. The image of the crowd in these poems is closely connected with the motif of food, gluttony, oversaturation.

With disgust, the hero describes the representatives of this world:
Here you are, man, you have cabbage in your mustache / somewhere half-eaten, half-eaten cabbage soup; / here you are, woman, thick whitewashed on you, / you look like an oyster from the shells of things.The audience is all material. The man looks like a piece of “flabby fat” from the second line of the verse-i, which “flows out over the person” - people will come out one by one. That is, all the place and make up "fat", they will be stained with a "clean lane". A mustache stained with cabbage soup is an image that materializes the metaphor implied in the definition of “pure”, outwardly neutral, but in a poetic context it turns into an epithet. The doubling of the food motif is intended to explain "fat"; moreover, in his own perception, a man “eats”, but for M., of course, he “eats”. To look like an oyster means to have an extremely limited outlook. The woman herself is almost invisible behind her outfits (“shells of things”) and immoderate cosmetics, reminiscent of whitewash (which are by no means painted on human faces). Indirectly, the comparison continues the original motif: oysters are a delicacy of the rich, fat men consume women in the same way as food.

For a hundred-headed, like the most terrible monsters of myths, an insect, a poet is an uncivilized person, a "rude Hun." He accepts this attitude towards himself and is ready to behave accordingly, “not to grimace”, but to be completely consistent in his contempt for the crowd:“... I will laugh and spit joyfully, / / ​​I will spit in your face / I am a spender and spender of priceless words”. The repetition of the first stanza's self-determination in essence, contrary to his supposed behavior, refutes the poet's agreement to be considered a "rude Hun". The Hun does not have priceless words, especially since he does not squander them. “The rude Hun,” writes the researcher Pitskel F.N., talking about the hero M., “is, as it were, his second, forced and caused by circumstances incarnation, but a more organic state for him, the essence of which is expressively conveyed by the metaphor of the “butterfly of the poetic heart” . The poet, the owner of a tender and vulnerable soul, a "butterfly" heart, must be strong in order to withstand the pressure of the brutalized crowd. And Mayakovsky strives to prove his ability to be strong: "and now I will laugh and joyfully spit, spit in your face ...".

Verse "Nate!" written in accent verse, but its connection with classical poetics has not yet been broken. The composition is circular. This is a rare case when the artistic time of a work is not the past, as usual in the epic, and not the present, as is predominantly the case in lyrics, but the future, but not distant - M. tells about what will happen "in an hour", although as if directly addressing those who have not heard his poems (the addressee is “you”, the expected public). “In an hour, your flabby fat will flow out of here into a clean alley over a person ...”. The second quatrain represents the listeners already in place, here the time is present, but, of course, also imaginary:/ Here you are, a man, you have cabbage in your mustache / somewhere half-eaten, half-eaten cabbage soup; / here you are, a woman, thick whitewashed on you, / you look like an oyster from the shells of things.

Rhymes are natural. Of all the rhymes, only one is inaccurate: hearts rub, but it is also the most refined (the sound R after the stressed vowel in the first word and before it in the second, but it still participates in consonance), the verse-e has not yet been broken either by a column or all the more so with vocabulary (since verse-e refers to early lyrics), except for the last, drawn-out one: the pause created here again sharply contrasts “you / me” in the finale.

In addition, there is another feature of M.'s early lyrics - egocentrism, "I", (1st and 4th stanza) on which the existence of the whole world depends. In this emphasized egocentrism, inherent in M.'s poetry, there is a propensity for public outrageousness. (For example, the infamous "I love to watch children die"). In early lyrics, M. pays tribute to experimentation, the search for new forms, and word creation. And you need to be able to see the deep meaning of the text behind the abundance of complex metaphors, hyperboles, neologisms, unusual syntactic constructions. The poet offers us his vision of the world and his ways of its embodiment. Rejecting the traditional forms of poetry, M. doomed himself to the difficult fate of the experimenter, a man who will not be understood by many.

M.'s creative debut was directly connected with the artistic practice and performances of Russian futurists. Like any great artist, he came to art with a claim of a new vision. Moreover, the application was demonstrative, and the thirst for the unknown, outrageous, in a boyish way. At the same time, one should not forget that at first M. asserted himself in the group of futurists. M. gives an additional opportunity and the need to widely present Russian futurism as a significant and complex phenomenon. Overcoming the harmony and psychologism of the previous literature, the futurists deliberately “delimited” phenomena, depriving the perception of automatism: they introduced new themes, loosened syntax and crushed rhythms, mixed the tragic and the comic, lyrics, epic and drama, enthusiastically engaged in the search for a tangible word. Futurism M. is not limited to the creation of forms. In addition to the desire to master the skill, it included atheism, and internationalism, and anti-bourgeoisness, and revolutionaryism. In the early articles of the poet, it is repeatedly said about the end in itself of the word, but it is also stated there: “we need the word for life. We do not recognize useless art." The futurism of M. is an experience not so much of self-valuable creativity as a fact of life-creation.

Methodical block.

1. The lesson is focused on grade 11 according to the programs of Kurdyumova, Korovin,

Kutuzov. The lesson is 1 hour.

Lesson genre - research lesson, practical lesson, commentary lesson, group analysis lesson

2. Questions for primary perception: Why is the verse called “Nate!”? to whom is it addressed? Did you like it, than? Which images impressed you the most and why? Why the lir.subject and the crowd are opposed to each other.

3. Methods of work in the lesson: a heuristic method using the following techniques: 1. Teaching students the analysis of a lyrical work, images of heroes, language, composition of the work.2. Statement of a system of questions, and the answer to each question logically implies a transition to the next question or the corresponding tasks; 3. independent search by students of a significant problem for analysis, try to answer questions, solve problems. Methods of working with text: structural-semiotic. Questions: what do you know about the personality of V.V. Mayakovsky? What literary movement did he belong to? What is futurism? What are his artistic principles? One of the early verses of the th author is “Nate!”. Why is the verse called that? To whom is it addressed? What do you think, what communicative setting was pursued by the author? What is hidden in these lines? How do you see this picture? By what means is it created? What is the mechanism for creating an image? What can you say about the lyrical hero? Which lines characterize the lyrical hero, and which represent those whom the hero challenges? What qualities are shown in this text? What metaphor helps to present the world of the lyrical hero? How are the values ​​of the hero and the crowd shown? Why is verse organized so graphically?

Final stage: answer the following questions in writing: (optional): the basic principles of patriotic futurism2. Tell us about the perception of defiant behavior and creativity of futurists by contemporaries. Share your own impressions.3. Compare M. with Khlebnikov and Severyanin - what do you see as the originality of his futurism? Pay attention to the clarity of his images, the features of the metaphorical series and the construction of works. To teach the analysis of a lyrical work, you can use logical schemes - plans. Such schemes can be offered to students ready-made, made by the teacher, they can be compiled together with students in the process of analyzing the work, you can ask children to make such schemes on their own.

When studying the early lyrics of V.V. Mayakovsky, you can draw up diagrams together with students. As a basis, one can take the thesis that characterizes the early period of the poet's work - the opposition of the lyrical hero and the world around him, the outrageous behavior of the hero, his loneliness. The scheme will consist of two parts: in the first part, the characterization of the lyrical hero is given, in the second, those whom the hero challenges are presented. Task for students: to collect material to characterize both images:

Students will easily find the right words in the poem, it will be more difficult to give a deeper assessment of the lyrical hero. It is the logical scheme that will help children draw their own conclusions. Metaphor (the butterfly of a poetic heart) will help to imagine the world of a lyrical hero. This world is fragile, unprotected, the poet is vulnerable, painfully sensitive, and the crowd around him is unceremonious, rude, indifferent, spiritually poor. This helps to understand the caustic comparisons, epithets, metonymy, hyperbole found in the text; the work is drawn up again using the scheme. As a result of such work, students understand why the hero puts on a mask. We also analyze the behavior of the hero in the mask, building a certain scheme: