Monument to the Derzhavins summary. What is the plot of Derzhavin's poem "monument"? A work that can be understood

In 1796, G. R. Derzhavin addresses this topic,
writes the poem “Monument” - this is a free transcription
Odes of Horace. But Derzhavin does not repeat the thoughts of the distant
predecessor, but expresses his own point of view on
poet and poetry. The poet believed that people who are not inspired
does not care about art, remain deaf to good, indifferent
to the joys and pains of others.

The theme is the immortality of the poet in his works, in the memory of people
about the creator of famous works. My main merit
sees the poet in that he could "truth to kings with a smile
talk”, “talk about God”, “dared” to talk about
virtues of Catherine!! not high but simple syllable

The poem is written in iambic, in each quatrain
the first line rhymes with the third, the second with the fourth,
i.e. cross rhyme

To give solemnity to poetic speech, the poet uses
the words “high style” - brow, be proud, proclaim, dare,
innumerable, etc.; various epithets - with a leisurely hand,
hearty simplicity, fair merit, a wonderful monument,
eternal, fleeting thunder. Hyperbole and comparison
at the same time - "he is higher than metals and harder than pyramids."
A monument is a creation left to posterity, therefore
comparison with pyramids, metal is clearly figurative, i.e.
implying figurative sense. All this helps to confirm
the idea of ​​the importance of creativity, of the immortality of artistic
works

Every talented person strives to leave something behind, to be remembered by more than one generation of descendants. Poets in different time in poems, the question of eternity was repeatedly raised, trying to predict what fate awaits their work. Even Horace and Homer devoted their odes to similar topics, Russian writers also liked to philosophize and reflect on the future of their work. One of them is Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. "Monument", the analysis of which allows you to learn more about was written in 1795. This poem praises domestic literature, which has managed to become easier to understand.

Gavriil Derzhavin - classicist

He was a favorite of Empress Catherine II, he dedicated the ode "Felitsa" to her, but his work was truly appreciated only after the death of the great writer.

A writer and poet, he was a prominent representative of classicism, since he adopted the European traditions of writing works in a sublime style, but at the same time he contributed a lot to them. colloquial speech, making verses simple and accessible for understanding by all segments of the population, which is what it says and literary analysis.

"Monument" Derzhavin composed with the aim of praising Russian literature, which managed to renew itself and escape from the tight embrace of classicism. Unfortunately, critics misinterpreted the poem, and a flurry of negativity fell upon the author - he was accused of excessive boasting and pride. Gavriil Romanovich recommended to opponents not to pay attention to the pompous syllable, but to think about the meaning of the verse, in which he did not mean himself at all.

Analysis of Derzhavin's poem "Monument" makes it possible to understand that the author hints at the fact that he managed to make Russian poetry more humane. In his work, the poet says that he erected a monument to himself "higher than the pyramids" and "harder than metals", it will not be destroyed by storms or years, because it has a spiritual, not a material property. Gavriil Romanovich sincerely hopes that future generations will be able to appreciate his work and contribution to Russian literature. But the writer was more worried not about his fame, but about new trends in poetry, this is also confirmed by the works of this analysis.

Derzhavin wrote “Monument” so that readers could enjoy the beauty of the poetic style, which was previously understandable only to a limited circle of people. The poet foresaw that most of him "would live after death" and even after a few centuries people would remember him. Gavriil Romanovich really wanted his followers to appear who could continue the work they had begun. This becomes clear, it is worth analyzing the poem. Derzhavin really built a “monument” for himself, majestic and unshakable, capable of standing for more than one century.

Mentor of young geniuses

Gavriil Romanovich became the spiritual mentor of such great poets as Pushkin and Lermontov, it was he who was their role model. Derzhavin wanted to teach the future generation of lyricists to "speak the truth to kings with a smile" and "talk about God in sincere simplicity." The writer dreamed of the immortality of Russian poetry - this is precisely what literary analysis shows. Derzhavin wrote "Monument" to inspire young poets to compose verses understandable to all segments of the population, and he achieved his goal.

Essay

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin is a great Russian poet of the 18th century. In his work, he covered the problems of Russian high society. The poet noted how the good side life (the activity of the empress), and negative (the destructive activity of the nobles). Also, Derzhavin's lyrics included his own life.

The distinctive features of the poet's work can be easily traced on the example of the poem "Monument", which was written in 1775. This work contains some information from the life of Derzhavin himself. His hero is not fictional, he breathes and acts. That is why the poems begin with the personal pronoun "I": "I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself." And then the story about myself continues: "... the first I dared to proclaim in a funny Russian syllable About the virtues of Felitsa."

Felice Derzhavin called Catherine II. As early as 1783, an ode dedicated to the Empress with the same title was published, which brought literary fame to Derzhavin.

One more distinguishing feature Derzhavin's poetry is a combination of "high" and "low" words. By this the poet achieves a very great expressiveness:

I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself,

It is harder than metal and higher than pyramids...

Rumors will spread about me from the White Waters to the Black Waters...

And next to these simple and understandable lines for everyone, there are verses in the "Monument" filled with high vocabulary. Especially revealing is the last quatrain, filled with heroic enthusiasm and faith in one's destiny:

O muse! be proud of just merit,

And whoever despises you, despise those yourself.

The poem is based on the image of the monument. In Derzhavin's work, he becomes a memory of talent and art. The artistic device underlying the poem is a metaphor.

Another favorite technique of the poet is gradation. For example:

In the simplicity of the heart to talk about God

And tell the truth to kings with a smile.

Along with these techniques, Derzhavin also used animation. Here is a quatrain, consisting entirely of animations:

So! - all of me will not die, but a large part of me,

Fleeing from decay, after death he will live,

And my glory will grow without fading,

How long will the universe honor the Slavs?

In "Monument" Derzhavin asserted the eternity of his literary creativity, determined his undoubted merits to the Fatherland (Everyone will remember that among the countless peoples, / How from obscurity I became known for that). But the poet was no less proud of his people (As long as the universe honors the Slavic race).

With the greatest warmth, the poet treated his Muse, believing that it was she who moved his pen:

O muse! be proud of the just merit...

With a leisurely, unhurried hand

Crown your forehead with the dawn of immortality.

Thus, in the "Monument" the poet is presented as an instrument of higher power, aimed at the destruction of vices and acting at the behest from above.

The theme of the role and vocation of the poet was touched upon by many authors more than once, but it was G.R. Derzhavin was the first Russian writer who chose his own uniqueness and the uniqueness of his work as a theme for his work.

The poem "Monument" was written in 1759. The poet compares his works with a monument "wonderful, eternal" and thus indicates that the poet is immortal in his works. He talks about the role poetry plays for future generations and contemporaries, how it affects them.

The main idea of ​​the work is the author's idea that the purpose of art and literature is difficult to overestimate, because it is precisely it that brings up enlightenment, love for beauty and other important for worthy person quality. All of Derzhavin's works are remarkable for their amazing sincerity, and the Monument is no exception. He, without any hesitation or timidity, expresses his opinion about the authorities and explains exactly what his services to Russian literature are.

The poem is written very concisely and rhythmically (the first line from the third, the second from the fourth), so reading and learning it is quite simple. And also such writing allows you to feel the depth of the topic covered by the author.

Numerous use of various rich epithets (with a leisurely hand, sincere simplicity, fair merit) and "loud" words, such as - become proud, proclaim, uncountable, further root the idea in the mind of the reader that this work important not only for the author himself, but also for each of us.

One cannot, of course, ignore exclamatory sentences, which the author unusually harmoniously arranges throughout the poem (at the beginning and towards the end), which helps us to be in a kind of fighting mood throughout the reading. Derzhavin's lyrical hero immediately evokes quite strong emotions in the reader. Appears as a man strong, stubborn, confident in his rightness. This, as we understand it, helps him achieve his goals.

Analysis of the poem Monument to Derzhavin

In Derzhavin's poem "Monument", the reader is presented with some reasoning about his merits and their significance. It is striking in its depth and scale. In part, the poet appears in the image of a person who, with his poetic instructions, expresses feelings and thoughts. higher powers, acting as a kind of intermediary between a person and divine beginning. Many critics considered the writing of this poem as a manifestation of arrogance and excessive arrogance, but it is worth noting that Derzhavin speaks not only about himself, but also about creativity in general.

The theme of immortality is also relevant. Any creativity lives forever. He repeats this repeatedly in his poem. Creativity is not threatened with disappearance after physical death, it is something ephemeral and unshakable, it is something that cannot be understood or analyzed, only relying on feelings and sensations, one can comprehend what is being discussed.

The topic of knowledge is also touched upon. higher order. Derzhavin, literally, between the lines, says that everything external is too insignificant, and the truth and the real depth of feelings, motives and actions are hidden from a person, not everyone can get to the bottom of real understanding, only poetry, connected by an invisible thread with God, can help a person to make sense.

For a brighter perception, the author in his work uses a large number of artistic techniques. These are the epithets (" eternal monument”, “a wonderful monument”, “high vocabulary”), and personifications (“a part will live”, “glory will increase”), the author also repeatedly uses metaphor, gradation and other artistic techniques.

Despite the fact that the poem was repeatedly criticized, many spoke of some indiscretion and attributing non-existent qualities to oneself, the poem has been living for more than a year. The most significant indicator of a talentedly written poem is time. Indeed, in this poem topics that never lose their relevance are touched upon. Even today, this topic provides food for thought. It is an occasion to think about the immortality of the soul, about creativity, about its purpose and the meaning of existence. Today, many of us forget that the meaning is not in financial well-being, not in stability, and not in something material, but in what Derzhavin tells us about - in creativity and spirituality, which are inextricably linked.

Option 3

The monument to Derzhavin is a program work, from which many even begin the study of Russian classical lyrics. Derzhavin was, as the Americans say, a self made man, that is, he achieved everything himself, own efforts. He rose from the very bottom and reached significant peaks, which he often wrote about in his own works.

As you know, this lyrics is largely autobiographical and Gavrila Romanovich was the pioneer and standard of the genre here. The Monument itself is a reflection on the eternity of the poet, which he achieves through his own poetry.

Indeed, the thought is not new and you cannot turn back what is written and you cannot cut it down with an ax, the word has always been one of the most powerful tools accessible to man. In turn, the poet, as a kind of master of handling the word, is able to influence people, the world, to create certain ideas. At the same time, Derzhavin also speaks of a “wonderful, eternal” monument, which he erects to himself with the help of poetry, he creates a creation that is perhaps even stronger than palaces and empires.

By the way, Derzhavin also speaks of power and the poet's privileged position in relation to power: "and tell the truth to kings with a smile." It's pretty meaningful word is the truth, which indicates not so much a reproof as an indication the right way, because the truth is a kind of uncompromising ideal that brings good. In addition to this, Derzhavin also speaks of the veneration of the people, who should not only respect the poet, but also highly appreciate his role.

In many ways, Derzhavin praises himself in his own creation, but there is no pomposity here, for the most part only nobility, which is emphasized by many epithets and words like: wonderful and eternal, fair merit, be proud, dare. In general, Derzhavin speaks not only of his own greatness, but also of the greatness of the poet as such, lyrical hero- not only Derzhavin, but also the general ideal of the poet, who is ready to defend personal opinion, knows how to achieve goals and, in a certain sense, rises above everyday reality, observing eternity.

Literary analysis

This poem was first written down on paper in 1795, when Derzhavin was fifty-two years old and already in mature period of your creativity. At this age, he already acquired poetic and office success, and also began to analyze his role in Russian poetry and culture.

Genre of the poem- Oh yeah. But not quite an ordinary ode, Derzhavin was the first of the Russian poets, although indirectly, but dedicated an ode to himself. It can be called a slightly selfish ode; but from another country, the talent, scale and influence of the poet's personality deserve it.

Poem size: iambic six-meter. Type of rhyme: cross rhyming.

The main idea and theme of the poem- this is a belief in the immortality of both poetry in particular and art in general. Derzhavin tells us that a person does not have to build cities, perpetuate himself in granite or be the center of attention of his era, but he only needs to create art and then he will be remembered without unnecessary attributes.

But in addition to everything else, Derzhavin also puts forward several conditions for future poets: First, to be absolutely honest always and everywhere and with anyone. Let the king be in front of you, or the emperor, but if you are a poet, you are obliged not to flatter, but to cut with truth like a sword. Secondly, they are not shy and even proud of their own successes and merits. Derzhavin own example shows that if you really did well in the fight for fame and achieved something great, then there is no shame in boasting about it. Thirdly, like the example of the poet from his last stanza, boundlessly, aimlessly, but permanently, briskly and vehemently glorify, praise. The very condescending in creativity, but at the same time the elusive poetic muse.

To maintain the grandeur and grandiosity of his poem, in order to highlight its exorbitant importance, Gabriel uses many different artistic techniques. Epithets: a monument (what) wonderful, eternal; whirlwind (which) fleeting; funny syllable. Etc. Hyperbole: Metals are harder and also taller than pyramids. Metaphors: time is flight; dawn of immortality. Avatars: no thunder can break; ; flight will not crush time. It is also worth noting the general choice of words for this poem, many of which are considered very sublime and rare. The poem abounds in exclamation and the spirit of high poetry.

Analysis of the poem Monument according to plan

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The first publication of the poem "Monument" (1795) Derzhavin came out under the title "To the Muse. Imitation of Horace." The author thereby pointed to the Latin poet as a kind of source of his own poetic reflection one of eternal problems Literature: what remains in the memory of descendants after the poet or writer passes away? More broadly, this can be viewed as a problem of death and immortality, overcoming the mortality of all living things with the help of creativity and preserving in the memory of the descendants of the poet's soul, embodied in his works.

In the first stanza, the lyrical hero of Derzhavin's poem admits that it is something like summing up, comprehending the past life path, so the idea of ​​\u200b\u200ba "monument" (what will remain after you) is quite natural for him. And he claims that he "raised" a monument to himself, defining it as "wonderful, eternal." These epithets are very ambiguous, because not every "miracle" is ultimately able to survive time and become part of the universe, gaining "eternity", so from the very beginning of the poem there is a feeling of solemnity, elation, and it is even more enhanced by those comparisons with with the help of which the author affirms "eternity", the indestructibility of the monument he created: "It is harder than metals and higher than the pyramids." These and other images of the first stanza confirm the greatness of the "poetic monument" created by the poet.

Further, the lyrical hero of the analyzed poem explains that poetry can overcome "decay" (the image of death), because it is the embodiment of all the best that is in human soul, perhaps, the very existence of a person is justified precisely by the fact that there is this “big part of me” in him - here, as it were, the bodily and spiritual principles are combined, and the dominant of the spiritual is obvious in preserving everything that a person wants and can leave to descendants after myself. It is noteworthy that the lyrical hero connects his “glory” with his people, without which, obviously, his poetry itself would not exist: “And my glory will increase without fading, as long as the universe honors the Slavic race.” In this form, Derzhavin affirms the inseparable unity of the poet and the people, the unity of their destinies.

In the third stanza, a cursory outline of the country is given, in the vast expanses of which "innumerable" peoples live, in which a poetic "monument", the poet's work, will be in demand. But the lyrical hero considers his main achievement to be that "out of obscurity, I ... became famous." Bearing in mind the fate of Derzhavin, we must agree that such an "ascension" cannot but cause legitimate pride, especially since it did not happen by itself, but was the result of hard and honest work, high moral qualities defending his understanding of good and evil in very difficult conditions.

The fourth stanza of Derzhavin's poem "Monument" is devoted to explaining what exactly the lyrical hero takes credit for. Here are the “virtues of Felitsa”, about which he “first ... dared to speak in a funny Russian style”, here is the “heartfelt simplicity”, with which he “talks about God”, but the most important thing is the final line of the stanza. "And tell the truth to the kings with a smile" - this is what the lyrical hero of Derzhavin (or is it the author himself?) sees as his main merit, this is what was most important for him. As we remember, Derzhavin himself rarely talked to the tsars "with a smile," but the fact that he always tried to be honest in expressing his thoughts and feelings is undeniable. One can probably say that the requirement of absolute truthfulness was for Derzhavin the main one he presented to poetry and poets, and "truth" should be spoken openly to everyone, because it, the truth, is the same for all God's creatures ("Rulers and Judges" ), regardless of who they are on earth.

The last stanza is an appeal to the Muse, to poetry, which, according to the author, should first of all think not about how the results of her work will be perceived, but about the "dawn of immortality", about creativity itself, because it is not subject to human judgment, she lives in the world of "eternity" ... "Be proud of a just merit, And whoever despises you, despise those yourself" - these are what, according to Derzhavin, should be the relationship of poetry with contemporaries, because only the author creates himself in his works , creates its own "monument" that can survive the centuries.

Concluding the analysis of the poem "Monument" by Derzhavin, we note that in his interpretation of the ode Horace Gabriel Romanovich is original, he claims own understanding the role and place in the life of society of the poet and poetry, evaluating their own work from the standpoint of enlightenment, ascending to universal moral values.