Narrative emotional coloring exclamatory. "classification of sentences by emotional coloring" in books

Offers are divided into non-exclamatory and exclamatory. Emotionally rich sentences uttered with a special intonation are called exclamatory sentences. All functional types sentences can be exclamatory

In addition to exclamatory intonation, exclamatory sentences are characterized by the presence of interjections, pronouns and adverbs in their composition ( such, such as, what kind of ...).

The main means of expression is a special exclamatory intonation, the tone is high, tense.

Means of expression: interjections ( Ah, evil tongues are worse than a gun), particles ( What a grief, what a boredom, what a poor life).

Simple sentence

1. Structural-semantic types of PP

2. Offers affirmative and negative

The classification of PP is varied.

1. If possible/impossible to single out the members of the proposal.

2. According to the composition of the main members of the proposal.

3. By the presence or absence of secondary members of the proposal.

4. On the basis of complicated / uncomplicated

5. By completeness or incompleteness / by the representation of all or not all members of the sentence necessary for a given structural-semantic type.

6. By the nature of the relation of content to reality expressed in the sentence.

1. All PPs are divided into syntactically segmented and syntactically non-segmented. As part of the first, members of the proposal can be distinguished, and in the composition of indivisible proposals, no members of the proposal can be distinguished. (Yes. No. Really).

2. All PPs are divided into two-part and one-part. In two-part sentences, there is a predicative stem, consisting of two members of the sentence. The basis one-part sentence monomial.

3. All PPs are divided into common and non-common. In common sentences, in addition to the main member, there are secondary ones.

4. According to the presence or absence of complicating components in PP, PP are divided into uncomplicated and complicated. Complicated sentences have a complication.

5. Full and incomplete sentences. AT complete sentences I present all the members necessary for this proposal.

6. All PPs are divided into affirmative and negative.

The division of sentences into affirmative and negative is connected with predicativity. In some sentences, the speaker believes that the predicative attribute actually refers to the subject. This is true, and in this case it turns out affirmative sentence. The speaker asserts the presence of a predicative sign for the subject in accordance with reality.

Ivanov studies at the institute

If this is not the case, the proposal will be negative.

Ivanov does not study at the institute.

Means of expressing negation.

1) Special negative words (not, nor, no), negative pronouns and adverbs, negative words KS, which act as the main member of a one-part sentence:

I have nowhere else to hurry.

I have no one else to love.

You can't get through here.

Negative prepositions are divided into general negative (here the predicative sign (predicate) is denied) and particular negative (negation can apply to all other members of the sentence (subject and secondary members)).

Not always formal features of PP (meaning the presence or absence of negative words) indicates the conformity of the semantics. Affirmative, for example, is a sentence in which the predicate has two negatives.

I couldn't help laughing.

In interrogative-rhetorical sentences with pronouns ( who, what, what)

What Russian does not like fast driving.

A sentence can be affirmative in form but negative in meaning.

Well, who dresses children like that.

Write down the sentences that the guys shouted to each other. What is each intonation like? Put the appropriate signs at the end.

The bear ran beside him and shouted:
- Press the pedal, press it!
I drove to Mishka and shouted:
- Stop!
I drove another circle:
-Stop the car, Mishka!
He meets me and yells:
-Hit the brake.
- Bear, where is this brake?
And he:
-I forgot.
- Hurry up, Mishka!
put punctuation marks and mark sentences by intonation. write down the sentences that the guys shout to each other.

By Test. 1. In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get

linked text? Write 4-6 sentences, continuing the text:

A. This bird is called a woodpecker.

B. A bird lives in our forest.

B. Sits on a tree and taps on it with its beak

G. this woodpecker had lunch - he mined seeds from pine and spruce cones.

D. Sometimes there are a lot of cones lying around in the snow under a tree.

2. indicate the verb || conjugations

2) prick

3) breathe

4) draw

3.

A. A cat was sneaking up to him in the tall grass.

B. An owl sat on its roots

V. Kot got up and crawled into the bushes in fright.

G. Suddenly the eagle owl shouted out a long phrase

D. In the park, a storm uprooted an old spruce.

4. In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get a connected text? write 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. suddenly noticed a mink under a birch.

B. In the forest, the first stream ran along the hollow.

V. I decided to take a brook to look into it.

G. A hedgehog slept sweetly in a mink.

D. A cold stream woke him up.

5. In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get a connected text? write 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. There was blood on the paw.

B. Under the bush, the children found a wounded hare.

B. The children carefully picked him up and carried him home.

D. When the hare's paw healed, the children took it to the forest.

D. At home, they washed the hare's wound and smeared it with iodine.

6. In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get a connected text? write 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. But it was very heavy.

B. The ant found the grain.

V. Ant could not move him

D. Only together could the friendly ants handle the grain.

D. Then he called for help from his comrades.

7. In what order should the sentences marked with letters follow in order to get a connected text? write 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. The vanquished has huddled under the shed and sits quietly there.

B. Suddenly a hawk swooped down.

Q. He grabbed the screamer and took him to dinner.

D. Two young cockerels fought, and one defeated the other.

D. The winner flew up to the fence, flapped his wings and yelled at the top of his lungs:<Ку-ка-ре-ку>

No. 496 Before you is a sentence about the same kitten - a mischievous one. Think of a better way to end this sentence, and write it down1,4. The children called the kitten

Suinos because he . . . . . . . .

◘ Understand the structure of the sentence that you got and underline its main members, words needed for communication, and a comma wow.

Help please! :(

Before getting into our primers, the letters traveled from country to country for a long time. And they went through a lot of changes. Letters disappeared from Ancient Greece

Ancient Rome, then migrated to Bulgaria, and only from there - just a thousand years ago - reached Russia. Although the Russian people began to use letters that came from far away, they gave their own names to many of them. A - "az", B - "beeches", C - "lead", G - "verb", D - "good" . From ancient name the first two letters of our alphabet - "az" and "beeches" - the well-known word "alphabet" turned out to be well known to everyone.

But that's not all. If you know what the words "az", "beeches" and others called, you can get very wise saying. Try to translate. So, "az" - I, "beeches" - letters, "lead" - to know, to know, "verb" - to speak, and the word "good" does not need to be translated.

Write why our ancestors called the first letters that way and what is the meaning of the sentence that you will translate into modern language?

A sentence is the smallest unit of human speech, which is a group of words (sometimes one word), bound friend with each other grammatically and in meaning.

The composition of the proposal

The words that make up the sentence are divided into main ones (they form grammatical basis) and secondary (serve to explain, supplement, clarify the subject and predicate) members. The main members of a sentence are the subject and the predicate.

Subject serves to indicate the name of the subject, actor, the sign of which is determined by the predicate and answers the questions who? what?. The subject is usually expressed by the noun in nominative case or pronoun:

The book lies. He came over an hour later. Who called?

Predicate serves to designate a sign of an object and answers the questions what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what will he do? what? which? etc. The predicate is usually expressed various forms verb or adjectives:

The book lies. We will go until sunset. He is motionless.

To minor members sentences include definition, addition and circumstance. Definition serves to explain a word with an objective meaning and indicates a sign, quality or property of an object. Answers questions what? which? whose?. As a rule, the definition is expressed by an adjective or a noun with a preposition:

lies A new book. She came in a skirt.

Addition explains a word with the meaning of an action, object or attribute and designates an object in some relation to the action or attribute. It is expressed by a noun in the indirect case:

I will finish work early today.

Circumstance clarifies a word with the meaning of an action or attribute and denoting under what circumstances the action or attribute took place, or to what extent they were manifested. Expressed in adverbs indirect cases nouns, adverbs, adverbs:

We'll go fishing tomorrow. We went swimming in the lake.

Thus, each of the members of the sentence carries its own semantic load.

Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement

There are three types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, incentive and interrogative. narrative sentences serve to express a relatively complete thought. AT colloquial speech this is expressed by lowering the intonation at the end of the sentence.

I came for a short time to pick up my things.

Incentives sentences serve, as a rule, to get others to perform some action (less often, to demonstrate the speaker's intention to do something). They may contain various shades expressions of will: request, wish, order, prayer, advice, threat, wish, warning, etc.:

Please go and get his signature.

Interrogative sentences, as the name suggests, are used to ask the question: Where did you go after work?

Types of sentences for emotional coloring

By emotional coloring proposals are divided into exclamatory and non-exclamatory. Any of the sentences on the purpose of the statement can become exclamatory, if the speaker gives his words additional emotionality.

Classification of sentences according to emotional coloring.

Classification of sentences according to the purpose of the statement.

Plan

CLASSIFICATION OF OFFERS

Lecture 7

1. Classification of sentences by structure.

The proposal is a multidimensional unit, therefore, it has a large typology (many classifications). All sentences are primarily classified according to the structure, purpose of the statement (functions in communication) and the presence or absence of emotional coloring. It would seem that in the first case, the structural features of the unit are taken into account, in the second and third, semantic (meaningful) features. In fact, each classification takes into account both, i.e. the leading one is the structural-semantic principle. In the first case, it is the structure that is put forward in the first place, and from it they go to the meaning. And in the second and third cases, semantics is put in the foreground, and from it they move to form, means of expression, structure.

1.Classification of proposals on a structural basis.

According to the structure of the proposal, they are divided into simple and complex. A simple sentence consists of 1 grammatical basis (grammatical core), expresses one meaning of predicativity. Therefore, a simple sentence is a unit monopredicative.

The balloon flew into the sky. The students are recording the lecture.

A complex sentence consists of two or more predicative centers. This is polypredicative unit. When the teacher gives a lecture, students take notes.

Simple and complex sentences differ both in content and in the volume of messages they transmit. AT simple sentence often one event is reported, and in a complex one about several situations and the relationship between them. Thus, a complex sentence contains a more complex proposition.

Although a complex sentence is built from simple ones, however, the latter, acting as part of complex sentence, lose their semantic and intonational completeness, so they cannot be considered sentences in the full sense of the word.

The division of sentences according to the communicative goal setting was carried out from the very birth of syntax. However, views on this classification have changed. First, for example, we singled out sentences narrative, interrogative and exclamatory, thereby combining two different features in one classification, which is certainly not true. Then they began to allocate narrative, interrogative and incentive proposals (the most common approach in university and school practice). AT recent times this division began to be reduced to two types of opposition: interrogative and non-interrogative sentences (V.A. Beloshapkova, N.Yu. Shvedova in Academic Grammar).

Let's compare points 2 and 3.

Non-interrogative sentences differ from interrogative ones in that their main purpose is to convey certain information to the listeners.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is not to convey information, but to search for it (the desire to receive it). They express special form thought is a question.

By the nature of the transmitted information, non-interrogative sentences are divided into 3 types: a) narrative, b) incentive, c) optative (expressing desire).

narrative sentences are actually informative sentences. They tell about any facts, phenomena, events (both real and unreal). This is the most common type of offer. Grammatically, they usually have in the predicative basis the forms indicative mood. Love for all ages. I love the storm in early May. Less common forms subjunctive mood. My son would have studied better.

A vivid means of expressing the meaning of the narrative is a specific narrative intonation: a calm, even tone, rising to the most significant word and falling towards the end of the sentence.

Incentive Offers express will, demand, request, implying execution. The motivation is formalized: a) forms imperative mood verb: Go to the humiliated, go to the offended...; b) morphological means used in the language to express motivation (particles yes, let, come on; indicative verbs Darling, let's sit next to each other, look into each other's eyes ...; infinitive Be silent!); c) a variety of "verbless" means: Don `t move! To me! March! Aida! Chick!.

An important means of formalizing the expression of motivation in oral speech is the intonation of motivation. For example, when demanding - a high tone, great tension.

Optical sentences express the meaning of desire (modality of desirability), i.e. modal-volitional aspirations to ensure that the action is carried out. If only someone came to visit! If it were cold today! If only no one got sick!

Outwardly, they are usually expressed in the form of the subjunctive mood of the verb, in which the particles would matches with words at least, let, if, okay etc., forming peculiar composite particles (optimative particles) let it be, it would be nice if etc.

The meaning of desire, on the one hand, is similar to the meaning of the narrative, since it does not contain an appeal to other persons in order to induce them to act. For this reason, optant sentences are considered by some scholars together with narrative ones (see Modern Russian language. Edited by P.A. Lekant. - M., 2000. P. 337-338.)

On the other hand, it is close to the meaning of motivation, since it contains an element of volitional aspiration. Therefore, such proposals are considered together with incentive ones (school textbook, edited by V.V. Babaitseva).

Like incentives, optative sentences are not converted into interrogative ones.

Interrogative sentences. Their meaning is related to target get information: the speaker wants to get information from another person and asks a question for this purpose. By modality, interrogative sentences, just like non-interrogative ones, can express real and unreal modality.

Means of expression (design) of questioning:

1) interrogative intonation - an increase in tone on the interrogative word or the word that contains the meaning of the question;

2) word order: often the word containing the question is placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence Did you pass the exam? Did you pass the exam? Did you pass the exam?;

3) question words: adverbs, pronouns, particles What is he looking for in a distant country, what did he throw in his native land? (Lermontov); Whose indefatigable horse is it running in the indomitable steppe? (Pushkin).

Interrogative sentences are heterogeneous in their meaning and communicative purposefulness.

Not every sentence that is interrogative in form contains a question. Therefore, according to communicative purposefulness, interrogative sentences are divided into actually interrogative and improper interrogative, which do not conclude the question.

Actually interrogative sentences contain a question addressed to the interlocutor and requiring an answer or suggesting it. According to the ways of expressing the question, these sentences are divided into non-pronominal (general interrogative) and pronominal (often interrogative).

Non-pronominal interrogative sentences suggest an affirmative or negative answer, which can be expressed in inarticulate words-sentences Yes or Not. For example: Have you read Pushkin? Are you familiar with Murakami's work?

The interrogative meaning is expressed mainly with the help of intonation, and the word (or group of words) is highlighted, which contains the essence of the question: You very was she loved? Strongly Has he changed since our last meeting? In addition to intonation, interrogative particles can be used, is it, is it, really, really, etc.

Pronominal interrogative sentences require a detailed answer. They include interrogative words - pronouns or pronominal adverbs. The answers to such questions should contain new information about objects, signs, circumstances, actions. For example: At what time does the train arrive? Who will go to answer?

Improper interrogative sentences not aimed at obtaining information (do not require a mandatory response). They only take the form of interrogative sentences. Allocate interrogative-rhetorical and interrogative-incentive sentences.

Interrogative-rhetorical offers do not imply and do not require a response. They can express the feelings and experiences of the speaker. Where, where have you gone, my golden days of spring? What does the coming day have in store for me? (Pushkin). Such proposals are found mainly in artistic speech and create an emotionally colored, agitated tone of the narrative.

Interrogative-impellative sentences serve to express motivation. They don't really have interrogative meaning. How long will I beg you to eat porridge? Mom started to get angry. Motivation can be accompanied by shades of impatience, annoyance, indignation.

P.A. Lekant distinguishes two more groups among improperly interrogative sentences - interrogative-negative sentences and interrogative-affirmative sentences. The former have a shape coinciding with the actual interrogative sentences, but do not contain a question, but a message. For example: What is better than a songbird in the world? = There is nothing in the world better than a songbird; What kind of hunter are you? You'd better lie on the stove in the kitchen and crush the cockroaches. Not to poison foxes. (Chekhov). Interrogative-negative sentences express various modal shades (impossibility, inexpediency, etc.) with the help of so-called interrogative words (which do not express a question here) and intonation. Which differs from the actual interrogative in that the tone at the end of the sentence rises much less.

Interrogative-affirmative sentences include interrogative particles, pronouns, adverbs in combination with a negative particle not. However, in such sentences, this particle does not express negation. For example: Who in childhood did not besiege ancient castles, did not die on a ship with sails torn to shreds? (Paustovsky). Interrogative words and particles can appear in combination with the word No, this construction also has an affirmative meaning. Such constructions are very emotional, expressive, therefore they are actively used in literary texts to express a strong assertion.

3. Classification of sentences according to emotional coloring. All sentences, regardless of the purpose of the statement and structure, in Russian can be exclamatory or non-exclamatory. Exclamatory sentences have an emotional connotation, i.e. express the relationship of the speaker to the reported. For example: He met death face to face, as a fighter should in battle! ( narration, exclamation . - Delight); Will you finally shut up? ( inquire., question-wake, wake up . - indignation, demand); Hands up! ( wake up, wake up . - order); If only I were president! ( optative, wax . - daydreaming).

The main means of expressing an exclamatory sentence is a special exclamatory intonation: the tone is high, while the greatest increase in tone falls on words expressing feelings. Interjections can also be used in exclamatory sentences. Ah, this man always causes me a terrible disorder (Griboedov). exclamation particles What a commission, creator, be adult daughter father?! (Griboyedov).

vocabulary work. Emotion - emotional experience, feeling. Emotional - 1) saturated with emotions, expressing them; 2) subject to emotions. Task: compose 2 phrases with the word emotions so that in the first the word of emotions is the main one, and in the second it is dependent.

Abstract. Types of sentences by emotional coloring Exclamatory - sentences in which they express ... - are pronounced ... - put at the end of the sentence ... Non-exclamatory - sentences in which they do not express ... - are pronounced ... - put at the end of the sentence ...

Abstract. Types of sentences for emotional coloring Exclamatory - sentences in which any feelings are expressed - are pronounced with emotional intonation - put at the end of the sentence! Non-exclamatory - sentences in which no feelings are expressed - are pronounced without emotions - put at the end of the sentence. ?

Task: write down sentences, put a termination sign at the end, determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring. 1. Where does the snow come from at this time 2. It’s good in the forest 3. For many years I remembered the farewell cry of beautiful birds 4. Do not ruin anthills 5. Listen to the phrase to the end Independent work. Exercise Find the boundaries of sentences, put a sign of completion. 2. Underline the grammatical basis (subject and predicate). 3. Determine the type of sentences according to the purpose of the statement and according to the emotional coloring.