Changing the endings of parts of speech that have a case category makes it possible to use the necessary forms of words for communication in a sentence. From the ability to use words correctly in the right case depends on the accuracy and literacy of speech. Distinguish Genitive from the accusative is not difficult if you know what each of them serves for.

Genitive:

• indicates that the subject of speech belongs to someone or something (oriole's nest; friend's advice; city streets);
• reflects the ratio of the part and the whole (a cup of tea; a loaf of bread; a lock of hair);
• used if there is a comparison without indicating the object of comparison (harder than steel, softer than silk, colder than ice);
• indicates a connection with a verb that is used with a particle not (not to be afraid of the dark; not to see the horizon, not to love a neighbor);
• indicates a connection with a verb denoting desire or intention (to wish good; wish good luck, avoid responsibility).

In each of these cases, the nouns used in the genitive case are dependent words. From the main ones, one can pose questions to them: there is no one? or not what?

Accusative stands for:

• an action aimed at the subject of speech (read a book, stroke a dog, eat a sandwich);
• spatial and temporal relationships (overcome an obstacle; take a barrier; work a week).

From the main word to the noun in the accusative case, one can pose questions: I see whom? or see what?

Findings site

1. Inanimate nouns have different endings and answer the question (no) what? in the genitive case, (see) what? in the accusative.
   For example:
   I can do without (what?) an umbrella. (R. p.)
   I will plant (what?) a tree. (V. p.)
2. The endings of animate nouns in the genitive and accusative cases may coincide. In this case, cases should be distinguished according to the meaning of the sentence.
   For example:
   I can't do without my father's help. (whom? auxiliary question: no one? - R.P.)
   We remember my father as young and energetic. (who? secondary question see who? - V.P.)
3. The case of immutable nouns is also determined by context.
   For example:
   I want to buy a new coat. (whom? what? - V.P.)
   The cage was without a kangaroo. (whom? what? - R.P.)

The accusative case answers the questions "whom? what?" and is used in sentences and phrases only with verbs and its forms (participle and participle). The most common function of this case in Russian is the expression of the direct object of the action: read a book, draw a picture etc. What else can the accusative case mean, and how to distinguish it from the genitive? Read the article below!

What does fall mean?

The case about which will be discussed in the article, can have completely different meanings.

For example:

• The accusative of time will indicate the time of the already completed action - "meet every Tuesday."
• The accusative quantity should be used to indicate the cost, when there is a reference to the quantitative side of the verbal action - "to cost a hundred rubles."
• A noun in the accusative case of measures will indicate a measure of time or space - "run three kilometers."
• The accusative object will call the object to which the action is directed - "throw the ball."
• The accusative of the result will designate an object that will be the result of some action - “sew a T-shirt”.

In order to determine the case in front of you without error, you need to know the questions of the accusative case (whom? what?). Substitute the word “blame” or “see”, and you will immediately understand everything. For example, I blame (who?) my grandmother, I see (what?) a cutlet.

Case meanings

This form of the word has two main meanings: objective and subjective.

1. The object value may appear next to transitive verb (buy a cat), next to the predicate ( sorry, apparently, it is necessary, it hurts, sorry for the dog) and in one-part sentences expressing the required object ( reward for the brave).
2. Subjective meaning can be expressed only in a sentence (not in a phrase). Such a meaning can have an accusative case, located at the beginning of a sentence that tells us about the state of the person ( the guys were inspired by the award). The subjective meaning expresses the case in sentences like "The child is chilly." This meaning is also expressed by sentences that do not have a clear subject of action ( killed a man).

Case endings

Questions of the accusative case determine its endings.

So, what should be the endings of these forms of words?

• Nouns in singular: horse, land, mother, pig, field, mouse, path, banner.
• Accusative plural (the number plays a big role in setting the correct ending) of the number: horses, edge, mothers, pigs, fields, mice, paths, banners.
• Adjectives and participles in the singular have the following endings: oval and oval, oval, oval; soft and soft, soft, soft; hare and hare, hare, hare.

Accusative prepositions

This case can be combined with large quantity prepositions, both simple and derivative. If the word is combined with simple prepositions (in, for, under, on, with), then it has a definitive meaning. Moreover, this definition can be different - in place, time, property, reason, purpose, and so on. Paired with mere pretext the word in the case we are considering can also have an objective meaning ( vote for a deputy, go for mushrooms). The word can also fulfill the function of replenishment necessary information (passed for a talker).

In the whole sentence, the form of the word in the accusative case, paired with a simple preposition, performs other functions. For example, a case can indicate a predicative feature ( bravery medal). The accusative can even extend the sentence ( a kilometer from the village - a lake; in New Year miracles happen). Paired with the prepositions "for" and "under" the word can express the meaning of approximation ( he is in his forties, she is in her fifties).

Also, words in the form of the accusative case can also be combined with derivative prepositions ( in spite of, in spite of, after a day).

How to distinguish accusative from genitive: method one

In order not to confuse the cases of the Russian language, you need to remember that each of them has its own question, depending on the meaning of the case. By asking a universal question and finding a match for it, you can easily understand the word in which case is in front of your eyes. The genitive case more often denotes belonging, the "whole-part" relationship, a sign of an object in relation to some other object, an object of influence, and so on.

For this form of the word, the questions “there is no one?”, “there is nothing?” Are fixed. The accusative case will answer the questions “I see whom?”, “I see what?”. It is very difficult to determine the form of a word only by its meaning or ending. It is too difficult to remember all the meanings of the genitive and accusative case, they have many nuances. And the endings of nouns in these forms can even coincide!

Difficulties can especially often arise in determining the case of an animate noun. If the question is "who?" does not help you cope with the task, then imagine an inanimate noun in place of an animate noun. Ask a question for the genitive "no what?" and for the accusative "see what?". If the word being defined has the same form as in the nominative case, then it is in the accusative.

How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive: the second way

• If the noun in front of you is inanimate, just ask the right question ( I buy (what?) flower pots; I don’t see (what?) planters). In the second case, the word is in the genitive case.
• If you see an animated noun 2 declensions male, put in its place any word of the 1st declension and watch the ending ( I see a boar - I see a fox: ending y - genitive); ( no boar - no fox: ending ы - accusative).
• If you see an animated noun in plural, then simply replace it with an inanimate noun ( love people - love (what) letters- accusative; I love the kindness of people - I love the kindness of letters- parental).

Remember that in Russian there are many indeclinable nouns (coffee, pot and so on) that look the same in any case. In this case, all the above tips may not work. Always check the correct case definition key issue, and there will be no errors.

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“Only having assimilated the paramount material in the possible perfection, that is, native language, we will be able to master a foreign language as well as possible, but not before.
F.M. Dostoevsky

Learning the cases of a noun is one of important topics Russian language. Knowing cases helps us to express thoughts correctly, to be confident in the performance of written work.

Thanks to research work, we studied the history of the occurrence of cases, learned their meaning and difficulties, consolidated the skills of distinguishing between nominative, accusative and genitive cases. Our research also allowed us to identify the most difficult cases.

According to sociological research, the most difficult case to determine among our classmates is the accusative case, in second place is the nominative case. It should be noted that the nominative case itself presents no difficulties, but in the text it can be confused with the accusative case.

Why does a language need a case? If, for example, in the Russian language all case endings, we would not be able to understand a single sentence. For example, in a sentence The wolf scared Petya noun Petya is in the accusative, and the noun wolf - in the nominative case. And now let's try to put a noun in the same sentence Petya into the nominative form, and the noun wolf- in the form of the accusative case: the resulting sentence Peter scared the wolf describes a different situation, in a certain sense the opposite of the first. We can say that the case indicates the roles that Petya and the wolf play in the situation: if you change the cases, then the roles will change.

Thus, the study of cases is necessary for everyone who wants to master the Russian language perfectly.

Goals:

• to form the ability to recognize I.p. and V.p. nouns in a sentence;
• to develop the ability to determine the case of a noun by question and preposition, to analyze the sentence by members;
• cultivate attentiveness, independence, a sense of mutual assistance.

Equipment: computer, projector, board, textbook "Russian language" T.G. Ramzaeva, cards with tasks.

During the classes

I. Org. moment.

II. Checking the house. tasks.

2 slide

S. 80 ex. 150

– At home, you had to make sentences and determine the case of nouns.

- What should be done to determine the case?

(Reading sentences and identifying cases)

- Read the sentence that corresponds to the scheme proposed in the textbook.

III. Calligraphy.

3 slide

IV. Vocabulary and spelling minute.

4 slide

The words are printed on the slide against the background of the picture “In the field”. Find extra ones.

What letters are missing?

With the remaining words, make up phrases, putting them in different cases. Write in a notebook with comments, determine the case.

(For example: wheat bread (R.p.), watched the work (T.p.), etc.)

V. Work on a new theme.

5 slide

Reporting the topic of the lesson and setting goals.

– Today we will continue to learn how to determine the case of nouns.

Look, we have two cases visiting us. They are very similar to each other and we will learn to distinguish them. What do you think these cases are? (I. and V.) Formation of new knowledge.

- What is the similarity questions) and difference ( prepositions, part of a sentence) of these cases? 6 slide

– And what will the cases tell about themselves?

- I am the nominative case, 7 slide
And there are no other people's clothes on me.
Everyone can easily recognize me
And in the subject name.
I do not like prepositions since childhood
I can't stand being around me.
My questions are who? and what? -
Nobody messes with anything.

- And I'm accusative, 8 slide
And I blame the ignorant for everything.
But I love excellent students,
For them, "five" I catch.
Who to call, what to play
Ready for advice guys.
Do not mind making friends with suggestions,
But I can live without them.

- Read the sentences. 9 slide

- What a noun. met in all proposals?

What question does it answer? Is it possible to determine the case on it?

Conclusion: Inanimate nouns. and in I. and V. cases answer the same question - what?

Let's look for differences then.

Conclusion: If noun. is the subject, then it is in I.p., if minor member, then in B.p. (with or without preposition).

Analysis of proposals with comments.

What other noun. we have not determined the case? (grows where? in what? in the nursery - P.)

What is a nursery?

VI. Consolidation of knowledge.

10 slide

Complete the sentence with nouns, putting them in the correct case.

Sasha took ………. went out to ………. and cleared ……….. .

Check for missing letters on the slide.

What else did you find in this offer? (Offer with homogeneous members. Explain the setting of the comma, union and).

Reference words: st..ca, d..ro..ka, l..pata.

VII. Summing up, conclusions on the table.

11 slide

How to distinguish them. case from Win.?

D / z p.81 exercise 153, learn the rule.

VIII. Task on cards (by options).

IX. Reflection.

Filling in the table.

A noun is a part of speech denoting any objectivity, i.e. The noun answers the question "who" or "what". The noun changes in cases. In order not to confuse cases with each other, there is a severe certain system differences between them. This article will help in the future to easily distinguish the genitive from the accusative.

You will need

• Nouns in the genitive and accusative cases.
• Ability to identify cases.
• Knowledge of questions that determine cases.

Instruction

1. There are six cases of nouns in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. Such names are given to them not without reason. Let's look at each of them two cases: genitive and accusative.

2. Genitive caseAccording to the definitions in Russian, the genitive case means: Belonging to someone or something, say "a fox skin", "a teacher's journal"; If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, let's say "magazine page (R.p.)"; Displaying the sign of the subject in relation to another subject, say "results of the survey (R.p.)"; The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, say, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”; The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, say, “to want happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”; If there is a comparison of objects, say, "stronger than oak (R.p.)"; If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or a genitive date, say "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune."

3. Accusative caseAccording to definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means: The transition of the action to the subject entirely, let's say "flip through a magazine", "drive a car"; Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest a month"; In rare cases, it is formed as a connection from an adverb, say, "insulting for a friend."

4. In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is significant to remember that all cases in the Russian language correspond to a multifunctional question, asking the one that given noun, as a result we get the corresponding case. The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for inanimate nouns. The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns. It is very difficult to determine the cases of nouns by their definitions or endings. It is possible that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide. Let's give an example using an animate plural noun: Nearby I noticed people (I see who? - V.p.) There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.) in both cases, the word is identical. But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, mentally substitute an inanimate noun instead of an animate noun. Let's say: Nearby I noticed a pillar (I see who? - V.p.) There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.) The example shows: inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change in contrast to the same noun in the genitive case.

5. From here it is allowed to make the following conclusions: 1. In order to distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a defining question.2. If you find it difficult to determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" applies to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a qualifying question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If the word looks like it's in the nominative case, then your noun's case is accusative.

In most cases, distinguishing between the genitive and accusative forms is not difficult: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, it is necessary to do according to the further algorithm.

Instruction

1. If you have an inanimate noun in front of you, then you should ask a question for this word. Nouns in the genitive case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "no". Nouns in the accusative case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "see". Let's say: I put on (what?) A coat - the accusative case, I go without (what?) A coat - the genitive case.

2. If you have an animated masculine noun of the II declension, then you should substitute any word of the I declension in its place and look at its ending. Let's say: shot a boar = shot a fox (ending -y - accusative case), scared of a boar = scared of a fox (ending -ы - genitive case).

3. If you have an animate noun in the plural, then it should be replaced with an inanimate noun in the same form. Let's say: I love people, I love (what?) Letters - the accusative case. I love the sincerity of people, I love the sincerity (what?) of letters - the genitive case.

Helpful advice
In Russian, there are indeclinable nouns, say, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any case the word looks identical. In this case, the case can be determined only on the key issue.

Students are often faced with the need to identify case nouns. This should be done, say, when it is necessary to check the spelling of an unstressed vowel in the ending. Difficulty appears during the distinction between nominative and accusative case her, because auxiliary questions to the words used in the data case ah, actually identical.

Instruction

1. In order to determine case nouns, it is necessary, before each, to put a question to the word. Nominative words case y, answer the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked WHO? or WHAT ?, then before you is a noun used in the form of an accusative case a.

2. Determine which member of the sentence is the noun. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the form of a nominative case a. Accusative case om denotes a word that is a secondary member in a sentence, a direct object. Say, invite the guys to determine case nouns in this sentence. The girl writes a letter. Ask them to put questions to the words, determine which member of the sentence they are. They must come to a further conclusion. The word "girl" answers the question WHO ?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case e. And the word "letter" is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and, consequently, is used in the accusative case e.

3. Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that a noun is used with or without a preposition. Words in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative, they have the prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.

4. It is also worth while defining case and match the endings in words. So, in the names of nouns of the first declension there will be endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative form case a. Accordingly, in the accusative case e - U, Yu. Let's say that in the noun of the first declension "wall" the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case e. The word "wall" has the ending U. So it has an accusative case .

5. The case indicates the role of the word in the sentence. It is allowed to use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between nominative and accusative case her.

“Ivan gave birth to a girl and ordered to drag a diaper” - the first letters of this literary absurdity orderly announce the list of cases. There are six types of cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. All of them speak of the temporary state of one or another noun, which can change in case form. It is not difficult to determine the type of case of a noun, you just need to figure out which question all of the cases answer.

Instruction

1. case nominative- the initial one, which determines the real sound of the word. Answers the questions "who?" or "what?". If the noun is inanimate, say: window, house, book, bus, then it answers the question “what?”, And if it is animate, for example, girl, elephant, mother, Rita, then, accordingly, it answers the question “who?” . This division according to the liveliness of the subject will apply to all cases; consequently, every case has two questions. Example 1. A person (who?) is an animate noun in the nominative case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the nominative case.

2. Genitive case, from the word "give birth to whom?" or "what?". No matter how comical it may sound, but that's the way to ask the question. A number of questions in cases coincide, and therefore some words will sound identical, the main thing is to put it right case question. Example 2. A person (whom?) Is an animate noun in the genitive case, a car (what?) Is an inanimate noun in the genitive case.

3. The dative case is determined by the phrase "give to whom?" or "what?". Example 3. To a person (to whom?) - an animate noun in the dative case, to a car (what?) - an inanimate noun in the dative case.

4. Accusative case, answers the question: “blame whom?” or "what?". In this example, an inanimate noun coincides, and therefore the case is determined logically, by meaning. Example 4. A person (whom?) Is an animate noun in the accusative case, a car (what?) Is an inanimate noun in the accusative case. But if, according to the meaning: I bought a car (genitive case), but crashed the car (accusative case).

5. The instrumental case sounds like: “to create by whom?” or "what?". Example 5. A person (by whom?) is an animate noun in the instrumental case, a machine (what?) is an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

6. The prepositional case is exceptional, posing a question, not consonant with its name: “talk about whom?” or "about what?". It is easy to define a word in this case, because a noun in this case invariably has a preposition. Example 6. About a person (about whom?) - an animate noun in the prepositional case, about a car (about what?) - an inanimate noun in the prepositional case.

Related videos

Helpful advice
Even if a case question does not match the meaning of a given sentence, it should still be asked to determine the case of a noun.

Tip 3: How to distinguish the genitive case of a noun from an accusative

Cases Russian is a category of a word that shows its syntactic role in a sentence. Schoolchildren memorize the names of cases and their signs, that is, questions, but sometimes difficulties arise. For example, when it is necessary to distinguish the genitive from the accusative.

You will need

• Knowledge of the Russian language school curriculum, nouns in accusative and genitive cases,

Instruction

1. There are six cases in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Auxiliary words and questions are used to determine the case of a noun. The spelling of the end of the word depends on this. They often confuse the genitive (no: whom? what?) and accusative (blame: whom? what?) cases, because the questions to animated objects are identical: “who?”.

2. Ask a question. When in doubt, ask a qualifying question to the noun: “no what?” (for the genitive) and “see what?” (for accusative). If the word takes the form of the nominative case, then in this case it's accusative. Let's say: a small fish (accusative case: I see what? a fish, it is impossible to say: there is nothing? a fish).

3. If you need to determine the case in order to arrange the endings, replace the noun with the word "cat" or any other, but certainly the first declension. Determine the case depending on the ending. Let's say: pride for a teacher is an accusative case, since, substituting the word "cat" in place of a noun, we get: glory for a cat. The ending "y" indicates the accusative case. The ending "and" in the genitive.

4. Analyze the relationship of words in the phrase. The genitive case, as usual, denotes the ratio of the part and the whole (a glass of milk), belonging to something (sister's jacket), it is used in comparison (more beautiful than the queen). The accusative is used to convey spatio-temporal relations (work for a week), the transition from action to object (drive a car).

5. Use the same ways for indeclinable nouns. Let's say: put on a coat (put on a cat - accusative case), do without coffee (do without a cat - genitive).

Note!
The accusative case denotes the complete coverage of the object by the action, a certain number (drink milk), and the genitive case denotes the extension of the action to a part of the object (drink milk).

Helpful advice
An inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change in contrast to the same noun in the genitive case: I saw a house (accusative), there were no houses in the area (genitive)

In contrast to the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are six of them. The endings of words in different cases can coincide, therefore, to determine the case, you need to ask the right question to the word being checked.

Instruction

1. In order to determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it is included. Find the word to which the noun you are checking belongs - it is from this the words you will ask a question. Let's say you are given the phrase "I love dogs", and you need to determine the case of the noun "dogs". The word "dogs" in this sentence is subordinate to the word "love". Consequently, you will ask a case question in the following way: “I love whom?”

2. Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, nouns in the nominative case answer the question "who?" or "what?". It is allowed to substitute the auxiliary word “is” for this case. Let's say there is (who?) a dog. The question of the genitive case is “whom?” or "what?". It is allowed to substitute the auxiliary word “no” to the noun in this case. The dative case answers the question "to whom? / what?" and harmonizes with the auxiliary word "give". The question of the accusative case - "whom?" or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame”. Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question "by whom?" and harmonize with the words "created" and "satisfied." Finally, prepositional characterized following questions: “about whom? / about what?”, “in whom? / in what?”. One of auxiliary words of this case is the word "think".

3. In order to determine the case of an adjective, first you need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will also recognize the case of the adjective, because adjectives invariably agree in gender, number and case with those nouns (pronouns) on which they depend. For example, in the sentence “Kolya ate a large pear”, the noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, and therefore the case of the adjective “large” related to it is also accusative.

A noun is a part of speech that refers to a person or an object and answers the questions “who?” and what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in Russian. So that the cases are not confused with each other, there is a harsh system of rules and differences between them. In order to be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions, and what it is used for.

Instruction

1. In order to never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions defined for it, asking which, you will get the corresponding case of the noun. Questions of the accusative case are the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

2. In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or rather, the cases when it is used. It turns out that the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporary and spatial relationships(rest for a week, walk a kilometer); the transition of the action entirely to the subject (driving a car, leafing through a book). Very rarely, the accusative case is formed as a dependence on the adverb (annoying for a friend).

3. However, even according to the rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine the case, therefore, invariably use special questions. In terms of questions, the accusative case partly coincides with the genitive and nominative. In order not to confuse them, do the following: if you have an animate noun in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, The one that matches the genitive case, substitute an inanimate noun instead and ask a question to it. If the word answers the question “I see what?”, Then you have an accusative case.

4. Remember also that in Russian there are some nouns that look identical in all cases: metro, cinema, coat, cafe, etc. In order to determine their case, ask a question to keyword. For example, in the sentence “Yesterday they bought me an expensive coat”, the word “coat” is in the accusative case, because the question “I see what?” it is allowed to answer "beautiful coat." In addition, replace the word “coat” here with a variable, say, “decoration”. Then belonging to the accusative case immediately becomes more clear.

Related videos

Helpful advice
When determining the case of any noun, invariably apply all the rules and methods that you know, then it will be much easier for you to make sure that the word belongs to one or another case.

The nominative case is the original dictionary form of nouns, as opposed to every other form. indirect cases: genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. The word in the nominative case is never used with a preposition and in a sentence it traditionally performs syntactic function subject or nominal part of the compound predicate.

Instruction

1. Define nominative case noun on grammatical questions "who?" or "what?". For example, in the sentence "His mother was kindness itself" the word "mother" answers the question "who?", and the word "kindness" ? to the question "what?".

2. For nominative case and the main ones are subjective and attributive meanings. In the first case, this form denotes an agent performing an action, or an object, on the one that it is directed to. Compare: "A mother loves her son." The word "mother" denotes the doer. "The son is loved by the mother." The word "son" means animate object, on the one that directed the action.

3. Determine the subjective meaning of the nominative form case but by syntactic role the subject in a two-part sentence (“The son is a student, but at the same time works”) or the subject in a one-part denominative (“Whisper, cowardly breathing, trills of a nightingale ...”).

4. Determinative meaning of the nominative form case and is expressed in compound nominal predicate either in syntactic construction applications. "The new building is a factory." The word "factory" is nominal part a predicate that answers the question "what is the new building?". "The female doctor invited me into the office." The word "doctor", answering the question "who?",? this is the application that performs the syntactic function of the definition. Note that the nominative case used in defining value, gives another name to the object by property, quality, sign, and adverbial meanings are not characteristic of it.

5. Additional meanings of the nominative case and the noun are: - an estimated value expressed in the nominal part of the predicate ("He was a good-natured man"); - an expression of a temporary sign related to the past ("At that time there was still her husband's fiancé"); - the meaning of the informatively replenishing form used both with a proper name (“She was named Olya”), and a common noun (“He is listed as a watchman”). Most often nominative case used in this sense with geographical names ("Then the city began to be called Petrograd").

Note!
In addition to nouns, the category of case has declinable parts of speech: adjective, numeral, participle and pronoun. Determine the nominative case of adjectives and participles on the questions “what? which? which? what?”, given from the noun being defined, “how much?” ? for cardinal numbers, "what's the number?" ? for ordinals. Pronouns, depending on the category, can answer in the nominative case the questions “who? what?" (I, that), “what? whose?" (certain, own), "how much?" (so many).