OFFER

Offer - this is a word or a group of words that are related in meaning, from one word to another, you can put a question. The sentence expresses a complete thought.

The first word in a sentence is written with capital letter, at the end of the sentence put a period, exclamation or question mark.

Every sentence is said with a purpose.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.

Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).

Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks for something.

incentive offer - this is a sentence that encourages action, advises or asks to do something.

By intonation offers are exclamatory and non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. At the end exclamatory sentence an exclamation mark (!).

Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without a strong feeling. A non-exclamatory sentence ends with a period (.) or a question mark (?).

The offer has main and secondary members.

The main members of the proposal is the subject and the predicate.

Subject - This main member sentence, which names who or what the sentence is talking about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is underlined with one line.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which indicates what is being said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what do they do? what will do? What did you do? what will he do? The predicate is underlined by two lines.

Members of the proposal

Main
Examples	Information
	Subject - the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, has a certain sign. Answers the questions: Who? What?
	Predicate - the main member of the sentence, which names the action, state or sign of the subject. Answers the questions: What is he doing? What? What? Who it?
The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence.

Minor

Examples	Information
	Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object. Answers questions of indirect cases.
	Definition- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes a sign of the subject. Answers the questions: Which? Whose?
	Circumstance- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes time, place, mode of action. Answers the questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? What for? And How?

Offers

1. Role in language	Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation.
3. Types of sentences by the number of grammatical bases	Simple - one base, complex - two or more grammatical bases.
4. Types of sentences for the purpose of the statement	Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (incitement to action).
5. Types of sentences by intonation	Exclamatory, in which the thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and non-exclamatory.
6. Types of offers by presence or absence minor members	Common (besides the main members, there are also minor ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis).
7. Types of proposals by complexity	May be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members

Parsing suggestions

Parsing simple sentence firmly entered the practice of primary and high school. This is the most difficult and voluminous type grammar parsing. It includes a description and scheme of the sentence, analysis by members, indicating the parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from grade 5. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand the ways of connecting words in a phrase, know the signs of the main and secondary members of a sentence.

Let's start with the simplest: we will help the guys prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student memorizes the sequence of parsing and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic links between words, the type of sentence in terms of the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

In elementary school, different Russian language programs are used, so the level of requirements and preparation of students are different. In the fifth grade, I accepted children who studied in elementary school according to programs educational system"School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are big differences. Teachers elementary school doing a tremendous job to make up for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and themselves "forging" successive links between elementary and secondary schools.

In the 5th grade, the material for parsing the proposal is generalized, expanded and built into more full form, in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account the newly studied morphological units ( verb forms: participle and participle; adverb and category of state; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles).

Let's use examples to show the differences between the level of requirements in the format of parsing.

In 4th grade	In 5th grade
In a simple sentence, grammatical basis, familiar parts of speech are indicated above the words, homogeneous members are emphasized, phrases are written out or syntactic links between words are drawn. Scheme: [O -, O]. Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, common, with homogeneous predicates. Exist. (main word) + adj., Ch. (main word) + noun. Ch. (main word) + places. Adverb + ch. (main word)	Syntactic links are not drawn, phrases are not written out, the scheme and basic designations are the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. Analysis is constantly practiced in the classroom and participates in grammar tasks control dictations.
AT complex sentence grammatical foundations are emphasized, parts are numbered, familiar parts of speech are signed above the words, the type is indicated according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring, according to the composition and the presence of secondary members. Parsing scheme: [O and O] 1 , 2 , and 3 . Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, common.	The scheme remains the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, consists of 3 parts that are connected by an allied and allied connection, in 1 part there are homogeneous members, all parts are two-part and common. Parsing a complex sentence in grade 5 is educational in nature and is not a means of control.
Sentence schemes with direct speech: A: "P!" or "P," - a. The concept of quotation is introduced, which coincides in design with direct speech.	The schemes are supplemented by a break in direct speech with the words of the author: "P, - a. - P." and "P, - a, - p". The concept of dialogue and ways of its design are introduced. Schemes are made up, but the characteristics of sentences with direct speech are not made.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the ways of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Underline the secondary members of the sentence, indicate the ways of their expression (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the proposal (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of complications (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Draw up a proposal scheme.

For analysis, we used sentences from the beautiful fairy tales of Sergei Kozlov about the Hedgehog and the Bear cub.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone's duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and played their squeaky violins.

4) He has no father, no mother, no Hedgehog, no Bear cub.

5) And Squirrel took nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a kettle, cups - and went to the river.

7) And pine needles, and fir cones, and even cobwebs - everyone straightened up, smiled and tightened the last one with all their might autumn song herbs.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to the very nose with a blanket, and looked at the Bear Cub with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, blazing with aspens, the forest darkened.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off a cliff and yelled at the top of their lungs, emphasizing the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself ... as the wind.

Examples of Parsing Simple Sentences

Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

3. Select simple sentences as part of a complex one, determine their foundations.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Select minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or treatment.

Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Offer 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union and), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Offer 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival pedagogical ideas"Public lesson" ()

Homework

1. What is the order of parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?

3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:

The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.

Parsing Order

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).

2. Determine the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence and prove that it is simple.

4. Determine the type of offer by structure:

a) two-part or one-part (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, naming);

b) widespread or non-common;

c) complete or incomplete (indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it);

d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, separate members, appeal, introductory words).

5. Parse the sentence by members and indicate how they are expressed (first, the subject and predicate are disassembled, then the secondary members related to them).

6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing Samples

1) My fire in the fog shines(A. K. Tolstoy).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated. Grammar basis - the bonfire is shining my, expressed possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the circumstance of the place in the fog, expressed by the noun in prepositional with a pretext in.

A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.
2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, they smell good cherry orchards (Sholokhov).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by participial turnover. Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by the noun in nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, phrased(noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action well expressed in an adverb.

A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; separated by commas in the sentence participial, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Not all students are easily given a complete syntactic analysis of a sentence. We will advise you correct sequence actions that will help to cope with such a task more easily.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, the proposals are divided into:

• narrative - "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative - "Rus, where are you going?"(N. Gogol);
• incentive - “My friend, we will devote souls to the fatherland beautiful impulses!» (A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: no need to invent intrigues and plots. Use the stories that life itself provides "(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

Target interrogative sentences- to receive from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the proposal. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e., does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - the pathetic expression of some thought, idea, expression of the speaker's attitude to something, etc.

The purpose of the statement incentive offer- to motivate the addressee of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not by the structure of the sentence itself, but by the intonation of the speaker.

Step 2: Determine intonation and emotional coloring suggestions.

At this stage of parsing a sentence, look for the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, the proposals are divided into:

• exclamatory - “Well, what a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamatory - "Thought flies, but words go step by step"(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what that sentence is:

• simple sentence - "Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, brings him to a frenzy"(F. Dostoevsky);
• difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much squalor and misfortune in their lives arises from laziness”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the parsing of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the proposal.

Simple offer subject to availability complete set the main members of the proposal or the absence of any of them can be:

• one-piece - "It is not difficult to despise the court of people, it is impossible to despise one's own court"(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. Fairy-tale palace, open to everyone for review. Clearings of forest roads, looking into the lakes»(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part - "Highly a bad sign there is a loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes "(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in a one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominal) and verbal (there is a predicate: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if there are secondary members in the sentence.

By the presence / absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• common - “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon - "The attack is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine full offer or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. In incomplete, any of the main or minor members is missing. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• complete offer - "Prishvin's words bloom, sparkle"(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - Me Anochka "(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete one, indicate which members of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine if the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple compound sentences:

• "Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was great"(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not by personal charm, not by past military merits, not by military talent, then by everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, the subject and predicate are designated, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

At the same time, indicate the grammatical basis, if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample sentence parsing:

• Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the porter trampled, moved, did not, stopped, widespread, full, complicated by homogeneous predicates, a separate definition (participle turnover), separate circumstance(participial turnover).
• Written review: narration, unexcited, simple, double-sided, g / o the doorman trampled, moved was, did not, stopped, distributed, complicated. homogeneous skaz., sep. def. (participle turnover), esp. obs-vom (participle turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how the connection exists between the parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - "He who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit"(L. Tolstoy);
• unionless - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and pure, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what links the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating unions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the relationship between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this relationship is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

• compound sentence (CSP) - “ My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange"(I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (CSP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complex unionless proposal(BSP) - "I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor" (A. Pushkin);
• a sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act, and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of an asyndetic complex sentence can be expressed different signs punctuation: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the links between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the adjective refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question is it answering.

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If a accessory parts several, describe the relationship between them:

• consistent - "I heard Gaidar cleaning the kettle with sand and scolding him for the handle falling off" (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - “It is necessary to accurately take into account the environment in which the poetic work so that a word alien to this environment does not fall by chance ”(V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all the members of the sentence and indicate what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Make a proposal outline.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of accessory part. Look at the example of parsing a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme of syntactic parsing of the sentence, proposed by us, will help to correctly characterize the sentence in all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic parsing of sentences simple and complex structure help to correctly characterize sentences orally and writing. With our instruction difficult task It will become clearer and easier, help to learn the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this scheme was useful to you. And if it turned out to be useful, do not forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

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