The verb to be with the pronoun your. verb to be

It would seem that there is nothing simpler than pronouns: "I, you, he, she - together the whole country", "To you - yours, and to me - mine." But how do you say it in English? In today's article, we will look at the basic rules for using personal and possessive pronouns in English language.

Personal pronouns in English

In English, the personal pronoun is used instead of a noun that we already know or have already mentioned. This avoids repetition in speech.

This is Jim. Jim is a policeman. Jim lives in New York. - This is Jim. Jim policeman. Jim lives in New York.

Agree, too much Jim for three sentences. This is easy to fix if we combine the two sentences into one and replace the name Jim with the pronoun he (he).

This is Jim. He is a policeman and lives in New York. - This is Jim. He police officer and lives in New York.

A personal pronoun can be:

Subjective (subject pronoun)
This pronoun is used in a sentence instead of the subject and denotes the one who performs the action. Subject pronouns come before the verb and answer the questions “who?” and what?".
Objective (object pronoun)
The pronoun is used in the sentence instead of the object, that is, the action is directed to it. Object pronouns stand after the verb and answer the questions “who? / what?”, “to whom? / what?”, “who? / what?”, “by whom? / what?”, “about whom? / about what?".

Personal pronouns instead of subject

The table below shows personal pronouns that are used in English instead of the subject.

Now let's look at some of the features of these pronouns:

Pronoun I
I is always capitalized.
I am a dreamer. - I dreamer.
Mom says I can do it. - Mom says that I I can do it.
If I in a sentence is next to another personal pronoun, then I is put in second place.
She and I are best friends. - We with her best friends.
He and I played tennis together. - We with him played tennis.
Pronouns he, she and it
The pronouns he and she are used for people. And to designate inanimate objects, phenomena and animals, the pronoun it is used.
You know Jane. She is kind and modest. - You know Jane. She is kind and humble.
Did you see the new building yesterday? It is big. - Did you see the new building yesterday? It big.
And if you treat your pet like a family member, you can use he or she instead of it.
Your dog doesn't like me. It barks at me.
- My dog never barks at people. He's a good boy.
Your dog doesn't love me. He barks at me.
My dog never barks at people. He good boy.
The pronoun it is also used in impersonal sentences(in which there is no character) to describe the weather, time, distance, etc.
It's a quarter to nine. - It's fifteen minutes to nine.
It's foggy outside. - It's foggy outside.
It's three kilometers between the villages. - The distance between the villages is three kilometers.
Pronoun you
You translates to "you", "you", or "you" depending on the context, but agrees with the plural verb.
You look good in this dress. - You you look good in this dress.
You all are beautiful. - You all are beautiful.
Mrs. Walmer, I think you will be a good nurse. - Mrs. Walmer, I think You be a good nurse.

Personal pronouns instead of object

In the table we give personal pronouns that are used instead of the object and are in the sentence after the verb.

Personal pronouns
Singular	Plural
me (me, me, me, about me)	us (us, us, us, about us)
you (you, you, you, about you)	you (you, you, you, about you)
him, her, it (his/her, him/her, him/her, about him/her)	them (them, them, them, about them)

Let's look at examples:

He will help me tomorrow. - He will help to me tomorrow.
He told us the story. - He said us this story.

We also use these pronouns after the prepositions about (about), on (on), in (in), with (from), for (for) and others.

stay with us. - stay with us.
I am doing this for her. - I'm doing it for her.

You can fix the topic and take the tests in our articles “Personal pronouns of the English language" and "".

Possessive adjectives and pronouns in English

In English, there are two possessive forms:

Possessive adjectives
Possessive pronouns(possessive pronouns)

Both forms denote the belonging of something to someone and answer the question “whose? / Whose? / Whose? / Whose?”

Although this article focuses on pronouns, we will also look at adjectives so that you do not confuse them.

Personal pronouns	Possessive adjectives	Possessive pronouns
I	my (my)	mine (mine)
he	his (his)	his (his)
she	her (her)	hers (her)
it	its (his/her)	its (his/her)
we	our (our)	ours (our)
you	your (your / yours)	yours (your / yours)
they	their (them)	theirs (theirs)

So what is the difference between a possessive adjective and a pronoun? A possessive adjective in English always comes before a noun and characterizes it.

This is my cup. - This is my cup.
His phone is on the table. - His phone lies on the table.
your music is annoying. - Your music annoys.

The possessive pronoun does not characterize the noun, but replaces the construction "possessive adjective + noun". Most often, such pronouns are at the end of a sentence.

Are those shoes mine? - those shoes my?
It's their dog and that is ours. - This is their dog, and this is - our.
My dress is prettier than yours. - My dress is prettier your.
Her cake was better than theirs. - Her cake was tastier than them.

We can also use a possessive pronoun after a noun with the preposition of.

This is Ross. He is a friend of me my mine. - This is Ross. He my friend.

Also, possessive adjectives and pronouns have other features that should be remembered:

In English, there is no pronoun corresponding to the Russian "own". Therefore, we translate it according to the context using possessive adjectives or pronouns.
I'll take my(possessive adjective) bag and you take yours(possessive pronoun). - I will take my (mine) bag, and you take my (yours).
The possessive adjective and possessive pronoun its are written without an apostrophe. If you meet it "s, then this is an abbreviated grammatical form: it's = it + is.
The cat played with its(possessive adjective) toy. - The cat played with his toy.
Formally, its exists as a possessive pronoun, but its use is avoided. It is used only with the pronoun own - its own (own, own).
Each district of the city has the charm of its own(possessive pronoun). - Each district of the city has your own the charm.

We have also collected for you the personal and possessive pronouns of the English language in one scheme for clarity. You can use it as a cheat sheet.

We invite you to watch a funny video from the animated series Looney Tunes. In this episode, you will see how desperately the drake Daffy Duck tries to get the hunter Elmer Fudd to shoot Bugs Bunny the rabbit. But Duffy has one problem - he gets confused in pronouns.

Try to take a short test on the use of personal and possessive pronouns in English.

Test on the topic "Personal and possessive pronouns in English"

We hope that our article helped you understand the features correct use personal and possessive pronouns in English. If you want to work out the rules you have learned using examples that you understand, go to one of the.

We very often use possessive pronouns both in Russian and in English. Do you think it's enough to learn my, his, her, theirs? No, their use sometimes embarrasses those who do not know all the secrets.

Ask yourself: what is a pronoun? Yes, a part of speech that replaces a noun or an adjective. But a special group of Possesive Pronouns, so to speak, characterizes an object, phenomenon, property, indicating belonging to someone and answers the question whose? whose? whose? (whose?).

This is my note-book - This is my notebook.

Their decision was unexpected. Their decision was unexpected.

Our car is broken. Our car is broken.

What are possessive pronouns in English?

This group takes its roots from personal pronouns in terms of education, and it is by comparing them that we will consider the use of these parts of speech. To make it easier to understand and remember, we will divide all Possesive Pronouns into two groups.

Possessive pronouns are adjectives. This name suggests that the listed parts of speech are before a noun which it describes characterizes it. AT this case never articles are not used. However, after these possessive pronouns in English, there may be other definitions (adjectives) that follow after them. I would also like to note that these pronouns are placed after all and both, if any, in the proposal. Let's dive into the examples and consider all cases.

Her ticket is on the table. Her ticket is on the table.

It isn't my bus. - This is not my bus.

Your friend came to see me yesterday. Your friend visited me yesterday.

He gave me her address. He gave me her address.

Where is mygreen pencil? Where is my green pencil?

Hiselder brother writes poems. — His older brother writes poetry.

Allmy books are in the bag. All my books are in the bag.

Bothhis friends smoke, but he doesn't. Both of his friends smoke, but he doesn't.

Possessive noun pronouns(or absolute form). This subgroup is used without a noun and performs its function as a subject, a nominal part of a predicate or an object. They can be either at the end or in the middle of a sentence.

As can be seen from the table, they are identical in meaning and translation, but the formation and use will have to be remembered. To make it easier to put into memory, look: his - the two forms are the same, I changes to mine, and the ending -s is added to all the others. Let's look at examples where the absolute form is used. By lexical norms it is advisable to use it so as not to duplicate the noun that was used in the previous remark.

Are these your spectacles? — No, they are not mine. - Are these your glasses? No, they are not mine.

Her house is not far from ours. Her house is not far from ours.

Does this book belong to Mary? — No, It's yours. Does this book belong to Mary? - No, it's yours.

Her score was better than theirs. Her score was better than theirs.

We'll leave her house after dinner, so we should be at yours before 10.

Translation

When translating from English into Russian, there are usually no problems. You just have to memorize all the forms. But in English! Here they often come across bumps on which they stumble painfully. So that you are on the right path to learning a language, remember some features:

1. In the Russian version, they can stand "his, them" , which can be translated by English possessive and personal pronouns. The first answers the question whose? whose?, and the second - whom? what?

I saw him. - I saw him (personal).

This is his watch. - This is his watch (whose - possessive).

I met them. - I met them (whom - personal).

This is their home. - This is their house (whose - possessive).

2. Russian often confuses "mine", because in English there is no appropriate form. Therefore, we translate with one of the possessive pronouns, which depends on the subject.

I gave my car to my son. — I have given my car to my son.

He lost his keys. — He has lost his keys.

They gave us their food. — They gave us their food.

I don't have a ticket. Can you sell me yours? — I haven't got a ticket. Can you sell me yours?

3. Very often in Russian in general missingt possessive pronoun, and in English it should be. Only if the meaning "one's own" is meant, it is necessary to use this part of speech. This is where many people make the mistake of using the instead of pronoun. Most often, this situation occurs before nouns denoting parts of the body, family members, clothes.

I told my wife everything. — I have told everything to my wife (and not the wife - meant to his wife.)

They put their hands in their pockets. — they put their hands into their pockets (your hands in your pockets).

Put on your coat! — Put on your coat!

There is nothing complicated here. If you need to insert possessive pronouns into English sentence, then look at the presence of a noun: if there is, then relative form, no - absolute. Of course, you need to do exercises to consolidate all the material.

Exercises

An old friend of (us, our, ours) phoned yesterday and said he would visit (us, our, ours).
Is that picture on the wall (your, yours, you)?
(They, their, theirs) holiday starts the week after (we, our, ours).
Can we have (you, your, yours) suggestion first and then we'll hear (he, him, his)?
I didn't bother going to (she, her, hers) party and she won't be coming to (me, my, mine).
(Us, our, ours) flight was delayed but (their, theirs, them) took off on time.
Can I borrow (your, yours, you) pen? - I'm sorry, it isn't (my, mine, me).
Bob is one of (our, ours, us) best pupils.
She has no mistakes in (her, hers, she) test.
(My, mine, me) hands are cold, but (your, yours, you) are warm.

1. ours, us.
2. yours
3. theirs, ours
4. your, his
5. her, mine
6. our, theirs
7.your, mine.
8.our
9. her
10. my, yours

We use pronouns to replace nouns in a sentence. Look at the word “pronoun” itself, it contains the main function of this part of speech: “ instead of having", i.e " instead of a noun". Pronouns are used to diversify speech and not repeat the same word from sentence to sentence.

There are several types of pronouns in English: , and possessive. We paid special attention to each type of pronouns in a separate article.

Let's see how a native speaker teacher Alex talks about words that show that someone owns something.

When we want to say that someone owns something, we use possessive forms. As you can see Alex identified two forms: Possessive adjectives and Possessive Pronouns.

Possessive adjectives

Let's start considering possessive forms with possessive adjectives. Abroad these words are called Possessive adjectives. Such words show a sign of an object, phenomenon or person, therefore they are classified as adjectives, not pronouns:

my book. - My book. (what book? - mine)
His friend. - His friend. (what friend? - his)

In Russian textbooks on English grammar it is written that my (your, his etc.) is a pronoun, but native English teachers insist that it is still an adjective, because it comes before a noun and defines it. Let's take a look at the table:

Personal pronoun	Possessive adjective	Translation
I	My	My
You	Your	Your
He	His	His
She	Her	Her
It	Its	His her
We	Our	Our
You	Your	Your
They	Their	Them

My cat likes to play with a ball. - My the cat loves to play with the ball.

She wants to talk to your manager. - She wants to talk to yours manager.

The teacher found his mistakes. The teacher found his errors.

I like her dress. - I like her the dress.

Our family likes to rest in Crimea, we adore its nature. – Our family loves to relax in the Crimea, we adore his nature.

They look after our children. - They look after our children.

He is speaking with their mother. - He talks to them mom.

Please note that in all examples after my (his, their) is a noun.

In Russian there is a universal word "our", which we simply change by numbers and persons. In English, the words “one’s own”, “one’s own”, “one’s own” should be translated as “mine”, “ours”, “his” / “hers”, respectively.

She cut mine finger. – She cut her finger.

I love my mom. – I love my mother.

Do my work. – Do your work.

Possessive pronouns

If you need to replace a noun in a sentence, you must use one of the possessive pronouns. Usually the noun is replaced so that there are no repetitions in the sentence.

This is not my pen, mine is purple. - This is not my pen, my purple (replaced my pen on the mine).

Personal pronoun	Possessive pronoun	Translation
I	Mine	My
You	Yours	Your
He	His	His
She	Hers	Her
It	Its	His her
We	Ours	Our
You	Yours	Your
They	Theirs	Them

Becky! That is mine! - This is my, Becky!

My task is easier than yours. - My task is easier than your.

This is not his car, his is blue. - It's not his car. his- blue.

This is a friend of hers. - This is her friend.

It is not their house theirs is bigger. - This is not their house. them more.

The general pattern for all possessive pronouns is that you do not need to use a noun after them, and, as a rule, it is at the end of the sentence. Also, take a look at this couple: a friend of mine and my friend. Both phrases mean the same thing - my friend, only after the preposition of use possessive pronouns rather than adjectives ( a friend of my).

We quite often use in our speech, both in Russian and in English. Why do you think? Yes, because without them we will not be able to say who or what the object or object belongs to. They indicate ownership and answer the question Whose? - Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose? By the way, in English, possessive pronouns are used even more often than in Russian. In some cases, we can skip the pronoun, but in English it needs to be put. For example:

She put her gloves in her pocket.
She put her gloves in her pocket.

Possessive pronouns in English correspond to personal pronouns. They have two forms - attached and absolute.

Attached form

This form of possessive pronouns is called attached, since it is used only together with a noun, as if joining it: possessive pronoun + noun. Such a pronoun is an attribute to a noun and always comes before it. The article is not used in this case.

This is my dog.
This is my dog.

Yesterday I saw your sister.
Yesterday I saw your sister.

Their children are at school now.
Them the kids are at school now.

If there are other definitions before the noun, then the possessive pronoun precedes the whole phrase:

Where's your new green folder?
Where your new green folder?

If the sentence contains the words all or both, then the possessive pronouns are placed after them:

Both her daughters are married.
Both her daughters are married.

All my friends have cars.
Everyone has my friends have cars.

It is worth remembering that in English there is no pronoun "one's own". One of the possessive pronouns is used instead:

He loves his wife.
He loves his his) wife.

I met my friend.
I met my my) friend.

As we said earlier, in some cases in Russian, possessive pronouns are omitted. This happens when we talk about our relatives, body parts, clothing or personal items. But in English, in such cases, the possessive pronoun is mandatory:

My mother came to me.
Mom came to me.

I washed my hands.
I washed my hands.

Absolute form

If a possessive pronoun is used without a noun, actually replacing it, then it is placed in absolute form. This form is used to avoid repetition of already named nouns.

This is my car and that is yours.
This is my car, and that one yours.

Whose glasses are that? – It's mine.
Whose glasses are these? - My.

In a sentence, such a pronoun can be

subject to:

Our house is small and theirs is big.
Our house is small them- large.

Is this your dog? - no, mine is at home.
Is it your dog? - Not, my Houses.

nominal part of the predicate:

These are my children and those are hers.
These are my children, and those her.

Here is my wife. And where is yours?
Here is my wife. And where your?

addition:

His daughter is older than yours.
His daughter is older than yours.

Your place is not far from mine.
Your home is not far from my.

Since possessive pronouns are used quite often in English, you need to know them and be able to put them into practice. To apply new knowledge to colloquial speech, check out the channel "English - speak fluently!", where people from different countries hone their English. We are waiting for you on the air!

Personal and possessive pronouns are one of the basic topics of the English language. Therefore, it is very important to understand them and learn how to use them correctly. This article will be especially useful for those who are just starting to learn the language.

Do not be afraid of complex and incomprehensible terms. Now you will see how, in fact, everything is simple and easy.

Pronouns in English

Let's first understand what a pronoun is and why it is needed.

Pronoun- a word that indicates objects (I, you, he, she) and signs (mine, yours, hers).

With the help of pronouns, we replace words in a sentence to avoid repetition. Let's look at this with an example:

Tom is studying at the university. He(we are replacing the name Tom so as not to repeat) will finish his(replace the word university) in a year.

This is how we replaced the words "Tom" and "university" with the help of pronouns so as not to repeat them in the next sentence.

There are several groups of pronouns in English. Today we will look at 2 of them: personal pronouns and possessive ones.

Personal pronouns in English

Personal pronouns are those words with which we replace the main actor.

For example:

Mary and Sara bought tickets.
Mary and Sarah bought tickets.

They will go to the concert.
They will go to the concert.

As you can see from the example, we have replaced "Mary and Sarah" with "they".

Such pronouns can replace both one character (he, I, she, she, you), and several (you, we, they).

Personal pronoun	Translation	Note
I	I	It is always capitalized, regardless of whether it is at the beginning of a sentence or not.
You	you you	Can be translated "you" or "you" depending on the situation of use
We	we
They	they	Denotes both living beings and inanimate objects in the plural
He	is he	Used to refer to people. Can sometimes be used to refer to animals (for example, when an animal is considered a member of the family)
She	she is
It	it	Used to refer to inanimate objects, animals, abstract concepts

Examples:

I am reading a book.
I am reading a book.

You should watch this film.
You should watch this movie.

They love each other.
They love each other.

She like sweets.
She loves sweets.

He fixed his car.
He fixed his car.

Possessive pronouns in English

The name "possessive pronouns" (p ossessive pronouns) comes from the French word possessif (relating to possession). Such pronouns reflect the belonging of objects and the relationship between them.

They are of 2 types:

1. Used together with the subject

Such pronouns answer the question "whose?" and are placed in front of the object, indicating its belonging.

For example: This my a computer.

Personal pronouns	Possessive	Translation
I	my	my
You	your	yours / yours
We	our	our
They	their	them
He	his	his
She	her	her
It	its	his/ee

Examples:

he answered my question.
He answered my question.

I need your help.
I need your help.

They reached their goal.
They have reached their goal.

She attracted our attention.
She got our attention.

Let's follow his advice.
Let's follow his advice.

Finding her office was easy.
Finding her office was easy.

The dog wagged its tail.
The dog wagged her tail.

2. Used alone, without an object

Such pronouns are used to avoid repetition in a sentence. After them, you do not need to put the subject, since they already mean it.

For example: This is my computer. Your on the table.

Personal pronouns	Possessive	Translation
I	mine	my
You	yours	yours / yours
We	ours	our
They	theirs	them
He	his	his
She	hers	her
It	its	his/ee

Examples:

Can I borrow a pen? I lost mine.
Can I borrow a pen? I lost mine.

My box is smaller than yours.
My box is smaller than yours.

It's not their suitcase. Theirs is purple.
This is not their suitcase. Their purple.

Their price is below ours.
Their prices are lower than ours.

He bought a new car and sold his.
He bought new car and sold his (his).

She took his keys and gave hers.
She took his keys and gave her (her keys).

Note that these two kinds of pronouns translate the same, but are used differently in the sentence. After the first type, an object necessarily comes, after the second, not. And now let's practice their use in practice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. This is not her car. Her red.
2. My dog loves to play with a ball.
3. Their task is easier than ours.
4. Don't touch my computer, take it.
5. I like her dress.
6. My pen is blue, hers is green.
7. What do cats like? Mine loves to sleep.
8. My car is faster than yours.

Leave your answers in the comments below the article.