Central strip of Russia. Ostashevo: the estate of the imperial family

The Aleksandrovo estate in the village of Dolgolyadye was created at the end of the 18th century for the retired Major General Prince Alexander Urusov (1729-1813). The architects are not exactly known, it has been suggested that R. R. Kazakov, a master of Russian pseudo-Gothic, took part in the design. Work began with the construction in 1776-86. Late Baroque church, consecrated in honor of the namesake saint, Alexander Nevsky.

A linden alley led to the manor house of Prince Urusov. On either side of it stood white-stone obelisks and (at the entrance to the front yard) paired Gothic turrets. The master's two-storey house with a four-columned portico and a gazebo was visible for miles around. It was connected by galleries to lower outbuildings, covered with a plank belvedere with a spire. Simultaneously with the manor's quarters, the house of the manager and the economic office were built.

After the death of Prince Urusov, the village of Alexandrovskoe became the property of his stepson Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov (1768-1840). He approached the management very responsibly, started a dairy yard - a prototype of future dairies. Muravyov headed the School of Column Leaders, which served as a hotbed of free-thinking: 22 graduates became Decembrists. In May, the columnists, led by Major General Muravyov himself, left Moscow for the banks of the Ruza to practical exercises. The son of the owner of the estate, Alexander, discussed plans for the reorganization of Russia with his comrades in Ostashevo. There is a legend that on one of the hillocks a manuscript draft of Muravyov's constitution was buried.

In addition to the founder of the Union of Salvation, another son of Major General Nikolai, who in 1855 commanded the capture of Kars, came to Ostashevo. It was here that the youth of the church historian Andrei Nikolaevich Muravyov, whose name bears the Andreevsky arbor over the river, passed. After the death of his father, the debt-laden estate went to Alexander, who settled in Ostashevo and began to carry out economic improvements in the hope of repaying the debt. He built a monumental equestrian yard in an unusual for his time pseudo-Gothic style with a high tower above the entrance, with lancet windows and architraves. Despite all the efforts, the estate did not generate income and in 1859 went under the hammer.

In the post-reform period, the estate was owned by the energetic businessman N. P. Shipov, General A. A. Nepokoichitsky, merchant A. G. Kuznetsov. The first of them not only put the disordered economy in order, but also ensured that his barnyard began to be considered exemplary throughout Russia. He introduced a ten-field crop rotation on a large scale. For the processing of dairy products obtained from 200 cows of improved northern breeds kept on the estate, a cheese factory was set up, entrusted to a specialist invited from Switzerland. At the same time, Shipov undertook to rebuild the manor Alexander Church into a tomb, broke the old bell tower and distorted the appearance of the church of the 18th century. In 1899, it was jointly owned by the Ushkovs, the heirs of K. K. Ushkov.

The grandson of Nicholas I, Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, in 1903 decided to retire to the outback from the vicious temptations of metropolitan life. Ostashevo liked him as a manor, exemplary in economic terms, very remote from Moscow and spacious enough for his large family to live. On August 28, 1903, Grigory Konstantinovich Ushkov issued a deposit receipt, and on September 13, 1903, a deed of purchase was completed for the purchase of the estate.

Ostashevo (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

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The estate with an amazing fate, rich history and, alas, almost completely wiped off the face of the earth in our cozy suburbs, in spite of everything, deserves a visit. Ostashevo was born in the 1790s under Prince Alexander Urusov, who, it must be said, did not own it for so long. Already in 1804, the estate passed into the hands of the founder of the Moscow School of Columnists (military supplies) Nikolai Muravyov. From here begins the glorious chronicle of the times of Ostashevo. At that time, future officers of the General Staff came to the estate for summer practice, many of whom, for a moment, later became Decembrists. But these are far from the most eminent guests of Ostashevo.

In 1849, on the territory of the estate, Muravyov built a pseudo-Gothic horse yard of the rarest beauty - by far the most interesting building in Ostashovo. There was nothing left of the main building of the estate; it, like many things during the Soviet era, was destroyed. A new house was erected on its foundation in the 50s, which does not represent any architectural value and little or no interest.

All the more attractive is the atmosphere of this house, between the buildings of which ropes with drying clothes are stretched, goats graze around, creating an idyllic rural landscape.

The last owner of the estate was the grandson of Emperor Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (the one who became famous in Russian literature under the pseudonym K. R.)

But back to the history of the estate. Its last owner was the grandson of Emperor Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (the one who became famous in Russian literature under the pseudonym K. R.). He acquired the estate in 1903, deciding to finally move to the hinterland from the bustling metropolitan life. It was about Ostashevo that the prince later wrote: I love you, a secluded shelter!
An old house on a calm river
And white-pink, reflected in it
Opposite the village temple above the steepness.
The garden is unpretentious, but fragrant,
Above the linden blossom there is a buzzing swarm of bees;
And in front of the house there is a meadow with two ponds,
And islands with dense poplars.

In 1915, after the only member imperial family The 22-year-old son of Prince Oleg died at the front, Konstantin Konstantinovich decides to build a family church-tomb on the territory of Ostashevo in the traditions of Pskov-Novgorod architecture. Unfortunately, just a month before the end of construction, he dies himself, the church is completed, but the revolution comes and ruin awaits it. They consecrated a strict beautiful temple in honor of St. Oleg of Bryansk only in the 21st century.

Ostashevo

Privolnaya country life, horseback riding, rowing on the Ruza River, the same one that Leo Tolstoy mentions in War and Peace, describing battle of Borodino. The estate is beautifully located on the right, steep bank of the river. Big wild park. On the left bank of the Ruza is a pink church with blue domes. In the morning I was awakened by a ringing.

Princess Vera Konstantinovna (1906-2001)

Coordinates

Address: Moscow region, Volokolamsky district, Ostashevo.

The easiest way to get there is by private car: follow the Novorizhskoye highway, then turn left onto Ostashevo and Ruza, then about 21 km. It is best to leave the car in Ostashevo in front of the monument. It will also not be difficult to get to the estate by train: from the Rizhsky railway station you should go to Volokolamsk and then transfer to bus number 22.

Original taken from dimon_porter in

Passing through the fork in the village of Ostashevo on the road going through Ruza to Volokolamsk and connecting the Minsk and Riga highways, a rare driver and not every passenger will pay attention to the obelisk, lonely slumped on the side. Meanwhile, the obelisk marks the entrance to the alley of the once famous estate - without a doubt, one of the most famous in the Moscow province.

To say that now Ostashevo has been forgotten would be an exaggeration. Information about the estate is invariably included in local history and tourist guides, but this place is visited infrequently, and few know its history. The village of Ostashevo - now Volokolamsky district Moscow region, and once the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow province - is located seventeen kilometers from railway station Volokolamsk.

This village also had other names: Assumption (in the 17th century a church was built here with a chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin), Staroe Dolgolyadye. AT XVII century The estate was owned by Fyodor Likhachev, who served as a deacon of the Local Order in the militia of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin. Then its owners were the princes Prozorovsky and Golitsyn. The estate ensemble began to take shape at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, under Major General Prince Alexander Vasilyevich Urusov (1729-1813). Before him, the buildings were located on the opposite bank of the Ruza River. Urusov built a temple in memory of the right-believing Prince Alexander Nevsky, and the estate became known as Aleksandrovskoye.

Since 1813, Ostashev was owned by Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov (1768-1840), major general, participant Patriotic War 1812 and foreign campaigns against Napoleon in 1813-1814. Muraviev was the first chairman of the Mathematical Society at the Imperial Moscow University. He was one of the founders of the Society for Agriculture and the Agricultural School, was the author and translator of numerous works on agriculture. But most of all, the Ostashev landowner is remembered as the founder of the School for Column Leaders (organized in 1816), which trained army officers.

Later, the school was transformed into the Nikolaev Academy General Staff. In the warm season, from May to October, in 1816-1823, future officers were engaged in geodesy, military formation and fortification in Ostashev. Among the pupils of the School there are twenty-two Decembrists. Participants were in Ostashevo secret society Ivan Yakushkin and Mikhail Fonvizin (nephew of the creator of "Undergrowth"), Nikita Muravyov (one of the ideologists northern society, the creator of one of the constitutional drafts), Matvey Muravyov-Apostol (brother of the executed Sergei Muravyov-Apostol).

Here, according to legend, one of the sons of the owner, Alexander Muravyov (1792-1863), who also belonged to the circle of the Decembrists and participated in the creation of the first secret freedom-loving society - the Union of Salvation, drew up, and then, fearing a search, buried in the ground a draft of the Russian Constitution. He became the owner of the estate in 1840, after the death of his father.

A more noticeable trace in Russian history left by the other sons of Nikolai Muravyov, the Alexandrov brothers, part of whose life was spent in Ostashev. Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky (1796-1866) - Count, General of Infantry, Minister of State Property, Governor-General of the North-Western Territory in 1863-1865. By measures that some considered decisive, while others considered executioners, he suppressed Polish uprising, for which he received from the emperor an honorary addition to the surname "Vilensky", formed on behalf of the Polish-Lithuanian city of Vilna, now Vilnius.

Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky is the hero of two poems by Nekrasov - “Reflections at the front door” (a prototype of a sybarite nobleman, callous and indifferent to the disasters of the people) and the so-called Muravyov’s ode, in which he was glorified as the winner of the Polish rebels. (The poet wrote his panegyric to Muravyov, hoping to win the patronage of an influential nobleman and thereby save the Sovremennik magazine he published from the censorship ban; hope turned out to be futile.) In his youth, Muravyov was involved in the case of the Decembrists, and in his declining years he proudly said about himself that he is not one of those Muravyovs who are hanged, but of those who are hanged.

His no less famous brother Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Karsky (1794-1866) - general, commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Corps in Crimean War. Under his leadership, the troops took Turkish fortress Kars (1855). In memory of this feat, he received the honorary addition "Karsky" to his surname. The younger of the brothers is now half-forgotten, although once he was also very famous. Andrey Nikolaevich Muravyov (1806-1874) - church historian, spiritual writer.

In the second half of the 19th century, the estate changed owners twice. Under the new owner, Nikolai Pavlovich Shipov, who replaced Muravyov Jr., a horse yard was built. Shipov turned the debt-laden estate into a profitable enterprise: the stud farm began to generate income. The horses of the Ostashevsk plant won prizes at the races more than once.

From 1903 to 1917 Ostashevo belonged to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov and his heir. Grand Duke Konstantin (1858-1915), grandson of Nicholas I and cousin of Nicholas II, fought with the Turks on the Danube in the war of 1877-1878, later served as inspector general of the military educational institutions. For more than half a century, until the end of his life, he was president of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

The Grand Duke is the author of many poems and the drama about Christ "King of the Jews", reflected in the "Yershalaim" chapters of Bulgakov's "Master and Margarita". His poem "The poor man died in a military hospital ..." (1885) about the plight of a soldier became a folk song. The Grand Duke translated Shakespeare and Goethe, Caesar Cui, Anton Rubinstein, Sergei Rachmaninov and Pyotr Tchaikovsky wrote romances on his poems. Konstantin Konstantinovich, who modestly signed his works in print with the letters “K. R., corresponded with Tchaikovsky, with the poets Afanasy Fet and Apollo Maykov.

The famous lawyer Alexander Koni came to Ostashevo. Here he had a long conversation with the son of the Grand Duke Oleg - a passionate admirer of Pushkin's poetry.

The owners of Ostashev did not belong to the outstanding "progressive" cultural figures, but the memories of the Grand Duke-poet were in Soviet years simply undesirable. The estate did not have the fate of being turned into a sanatorium or a rest home and thus avoiding death. None of the previous owners would have recognized their lovely estate.

The main house was demolished, and a building was built in its place exactly in the middle of the last century. music school in the Stalinist Empire style. Little has been preserved: two one-story residential outbuildings of the late 18th century - they were connected by a passage to the main house, a one-story office and the house of the manager, horse and cattle yards.

The stone horse yard, built in the 1840s, is one of the last neo-Gothic buildings in Russian estates. The courtyard is an L-shaped structure in plan of two one-story wings with a multi-tiered entrance tower with a clock, ornamented with lancet architraves - arches, battlements and pinnacles - small pointed decorative turrets. Looking closer, you can see that the clock face with arrows is drawn. A pitiful replacement for the former, the present. The spire that once crowned the tower has been lost.

The two-tier entrance towers at the front yard (pseudo-Gothic of the 18th century), two towers of the fence of one of the side yards and the already mentioned white stone obelisk at the entrance to the estate escaped destruction. Least of all from the barbarity of people and time suffered the newest of the manor buildings - the church-tomb in the name of the right-believing Prince Oleg Bryansk and Reverend Seraphim Sarovsky. Only the ceiling of the temple was replaced - from lobed to four-pitched. A four-pillar, one-domed, cross-domed church with a free-standing belfry was erected in 1915 in memory of the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Oleg, who was mortally wounded on German front at the very beginning of the war.

The temple was built over the grave of Oleg according to the project of architects M.M. Peretyatkovich and S.M. Deshevov, he was not consecrated. Already in Soviet times, vandals broke stones with the names of persons of the imperial family who were present at the laying. The robbers tried more than once to get to the grave of Prince Oleg: their criminal greed was fed by rumors that jewelry was placed in the coffin of the son of the Grand Duke ...

In 1969, by decision local authorities the body of Prince Oleg was secretly buried at night in the village cemetery across the Ruza River. But rumor persistently insists that the remains of the son of the Grand Duke were simply thrown away, like unnecessary garbage.

In Soviet times, the fence of stone pillars with bars was destroyed, which separated the front yard from the outbuildings of the horse and cattle yards, connecting the entrance towers, the office and the manager's house. The park once had separate sections, tracts - each with its own special composition and mood - bearing the names of glorious foreign cities: "Baden", "Philadelphia". Now they can't be found. The abandoned park has grown and now looks more like a forest. But in it you can still find a pond with an island in the middle.

A three-tiered tower-shaped church has survived in the village of Brazhnikovo, located on the other, left bank of the Ruza River. This temple, the Church of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos, was built in the estate of Prince Peter Ivanovich Prozorovsky in 1713-1715. The tiered composition of the church is typical for its time and resembles the structure of the famous Church of the Intercession in Fili. But the Brazhnikovsky temple is simpler and stricter, it is devoid of stucco and carved patterns, characteristic of the Filyovskaya church, which reflected the trends of the “Moscow baroque”. The Brazhnikovsky temple has been restored.

In Soviet times, the bell tower built in 1859 was lost (only the lower tier remained of it). The wide windows of the lower, quadrilateral tier of the church do not belong to XVIII century, and to later times: the window openings were hewn in 1863. You can get to the temple by moving or crossing the river on a road bridge. Under Shipov and Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, Brazhnikovo was part of the Ostashevo estate.

Those who expect to see a holistic architectural and park landscape, Ostashevo will not only disappoint, but deceive. Ostashevo is not Arkhangelsk, not Kuskovo, not Ostankino and other luxurious palace ensembles. Yes, and among the less well-known estates near Moscow, you can find better preserved ones with more famous former owners - at least Lermontov's Serednikovo or Yaropolets of the Goncharovs, who owe their fame to a couple of Pushkin's visits.

You need the ability to peer into the scattered buildings - the remains of the former Ostashev and an effort of imagination in order to feel the discreet beauty of the place and touch the memory stored by these ruins and half-ruins. See pearls in the dirt. And then the spent efforts and time will not be in vain.

Restoring the estate is difficult, maybe even impossible, the ensemble is so badly damaged. However, even in this form it remains a historical monument. It would be good if the Ostashev buildings could be mothballed, although this is hard to believe.

Text by Doctor of Philology Andrey Ranchin

Original taken from dimon_porter in

To say that now Ostashevo has been forgotten would be an exaggeration. Information about the estate is invariably included in local history and tourist guides, but this place is visited infrequently, and few know its history. The village of Ostashevo - now the Volokolamsk district of the Moscow region, and once the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow province - is located seventeen kilometers from the Volokolamsk railway station.

This village also had other names: Assumption (in the 17th century a church was built here with a chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin), Staroe Dolgolyadye. In the 17th century, the estate was owned by Fyodor Likhachev, who served as a clerk of the Local Order in the militia of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin. Then its owners were the princes Prozorovsky and Golitsyn. The estate ensemble began to take shape at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, under Major General Prince Alexander Vasilyevich Urusov (1729-1813). Before him, the buildings were located on the opposite bank of the Ruza River. Urusov built a temple in memory of the right-believing Prince Alexander Nevsky, and the estate became known as Aleksandrovskoye.

Since 1813, Ostashev was owned by Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov (1768-1840), a major general, a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns against Napoleon in 1813-1814. Muraviev was the first chairman of the Mathematical Society at the Imperial Moscow University. He was one of the founders of the Society of Agriculture and the Agricultural School, was the author and translator of numerous works on agriculture. But most of all, the Ostashev landowner is remembered as the founder of the School for Column Leaders (organized in 1816), which trained army officers.

Later, the school was transformed into the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. In the warm season, from May to October, in 1816-1823, future officers were engaged in geodesy, military formation and fortification in Ostashev. Among the pupils of the School there are twenty-two Decembrists. Ostashevo was visited by members of the secret society Ivan Yakushkin and Mikhail Fonvizin (nephew of the creator of the Undergrowth), Nikita Muravyov (one of the ideologists of the Northern Society, creator of one of the constitutional projects), Matvey Muravyov-Apostol (brother of the executed Sergei Muravyov-Apostol).

A more noticeable mark in Russian history was left by the other sons of Nikolai Muravyov, the Alexandrov brothers, part of whose life was spent in Ostashev. Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky (1796-1866) - Count, General of Infantry, Minister of State Property, Governor-General of the North-Western Territory in 1863-1865. With measures that some considered decisive, while others considered executioners, he suppressed the Polish uprising, for which he received from the emperor an honorary addition to the surname "Vilna", formed on behalf of the Polish-Lithuanian city of Vilna, now Vilnius.

His equally famous brother Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Karsky (1794-1866) was a general, commander-in-chief of the Caucasian Corps in the Crimean War. Under his leadership, the troops took the Turkish fortress of Kars (1855). In memory of this feat, he received the honorary addition "Karsky" to his surname. The younger of the brothers is now half-forgotten, although once he was also very famous. Andrey Nikolaevich Muravyov (1806-1874) - church historian, spiritual writer.

From 1903 to 1917 Ostashevo belonged to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov and his heir. Grand Duke Konstantin (1858-1915), grandson of Nicholas I and great uncle of Nicholas II, fought against the Turks on the Danube in the war of 1877-1878, later served as inspector general of military schools. For more than half a century, until the end of his life, he was president of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

The famous lawyer Alexander Koni came to Ostashevo. Here he had a long conversation with the son of the Grand Duke Oleg - a passionate admirer of Pushkin's poetry.

The owners of Ostashev did not belong to the outstanding "progressive" cultural figures, while the memories of the great prince-poet were simply undesirable in the Soviet years. The estate did not have the fate of being turned into a sanatorium or a rest home and thus avoiding death. None of the previous owners would have recognized their lovely estate.

The main house was demolished, and in its place, exactly in the middle of the last century, the building of a music school in the style of "Stalin's empire" was built. Not much has been preserved: two one-story residential outbuildings of the late 18th century - they were connected by a passage to the main house, a one-story office and a manager's house, horse and cattle yards.

The two-tier entrance towers at the front yard (pseudo-Gothic of the 18th century), two towers of the fence of one of the side yards and the already mentioned white stone obelisk at the entrance to the estate escaped destruction. Least of all from the barbarity of people and time suffered the newest of the manor buildings - the church-tomb in the name of the right-believing Prince Oleg of Bryansk and the Monk Seraphim of Sarov. Only the ceiling of the temple was replaced - from lobed to four-pitched. The four-pillar, single-domed, cross-domed church with a free-standing belfry was erected in 1915 in memory of the son of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Oleg, who was mortally wounded on the German front at the very beginning of the war.

In 1969, by decision of the local authorities, the body of Prince Oleg was secretly buried at night in the village cemetery across the Ruza River. But rumor persistently insists that the remains of the son of the Grand Duke were simply thrown away, like unnecessary garbage.

In Soviet times, the bell tower built in 1859 was lost (only the lower tier remained of it). The wide windows of the lower, quadruple tier of the church do not belong to the 18th century, but to later times: the window openings were hewn in 1863. You can get to the temple by moving or crossing the river on a road bridge. Under Shipov and Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, Brazhnikovo was part of the Ostashevo estate.

Text by Doctor of Philology Andrey Ranchin
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