The theme of Zhilin and Kostylin are different fates. Composition on the topic "Zhilin and Kostylin: two characters - two destinies"

« Prisoner of the Caucasus»
Chapter I
1. Why is the story called "Caucasian
prisoner"?
2. Whom
called in the story "Caucasian
prisoner"?
3. What is the reason that made Zhilin
hit the road.
4. What was the danger of the path?

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
5.
What made Zhilin and Kostylin
break away from the guard and go ahead?

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
6. How the heroes agreed to behave when leaving
from the convoy, and how they behaved when they met
mountaineers?

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
7. Tell us about how you were captured in
captured Zhilin and Kostylin.

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter II
8.
how
decided
the fate of Zhilin, and then
and Kostylin in captivity?
9. What makes Zhilina
to bargain,
to give
wrong address?

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter III
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did Zhilin and Kostylin live in captivity? How
their life was different during the month of captivity
in the camp of the enemy?
With whose help we get acquainted with life
mountain village?
How did the Tatars in the first days of captivity treat
Zhilin and Kostylin and why?
Are the highlanders right when they call Zhilin a "dzhigit"
and
Kostylin
"meek"?
explain
reason for this difference.
Why locals began to come to Zhilin
residents from nearby villages?

comparison table

Quality
1. Meaning
surnames
2. Appearance
Zhilin
Kostylin
Veins - blood vessels Crutch - stick with
vessels, tendons.
crossbar,
pledged under
wiry -
mouse serving
lean,
support when walking
muscular, with
lame people or
speakers
those who are sick
veins
legs
“And Zhilin at least not“ A
Kostylin
great in stature, yes the man is daring
overweight,
was".
thick,
the whole
red and sweat from it
so it pours"

comparison table

Quality
3rd place
residence
heroes
4. What did they eat
prisoners?
Zhilin
Kostylin
Mountain Tatar aul, barn
Cake
from
millet flour or
raw dough and water;
milk,
cheese
flatbread,
a piece
lamb
Only a cake
millet flour or
raw dough and water

10. Comparison table

Quality
5. Than
were engaged
officers?
Zhilin
Kostylin
"Wrote
Zhilin
letter, but not in writing
so wrote - so as not to
came. He thinks: "I
I'll go"
"Kostylin once again
wrote home
waiting for money to be sent
and bored. In whole
sits in the barn for days and
counting the days when
the letter will come; or
sleeping"
“And he looks out for everything,
asks him how
run. Walks around the village
whistles, and then sits,
anything
needlework - or from
clay dolls sculpts, or
weaves
wickerwork
from
rods. And Zhilin
any needlework was
master"

11. Comparison table

Quality
6. Opinion
Tatars about
captives
Zhilin
Kostylin
"Dzhigit"
"Smirny"

12. Comparison table

Zhilin
Kostylin
We draw a conclusion
We characterize Zhilin and Kostylin
Active person. AT
difficult
situations
not
loses his mental strength. All
making efforts to
to get out of the village
make an escape. All of it
deeds
and
affairs
subject to the same goal of liberation.
Passive
lazy,
inactive, bored, waiting,
when the money will be sent; not
able to adapt to
situations.

13.

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter IV
How did Zhilin live for a month?
What is the hero's trick?
to climb the mountain?
What prevented him that evening
make an escape?
Why did Zhilin propose to Kostylin
run with him?
explain
reason
hesitation
Kostylin before the escape?

14. "Zhilin is preparing to escape"

Making a story plan
materials III and IV chapters
1. Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar village.
2. Work on the tunnel.
3. Search for the road.
4. Escape route - only to the North.
5. The sudden return of the Tatars.
6. Escape.

15. Draw a conclusion

look,
as
bright,
strongly
maybe
manifest the character of one person and completely
not manifest the character of another in the same
circumstances.

16. Draw a conclusion

One
helps out patience, endurance,
cunning,
courage,
wish
be
free, faith in one's rightness; another
does not show any effort
to the fact that at the cost of their own efforts
to be released from captivity, although he, too,
I want to return to my homeland.

17. Homework

Prepare
story according to the plan "Zhilin
getting ready to run."

Synopsis of a lesson in literature in grade 5.

Subject: " Zhilin and Kostylin - two different character, two different fates. The strange friendship of Zhilin and Dina "

Goals: comprehend the content of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus", be able to find the main problems raised by the author in the work, plot and composition; encourage children to be independent research activities, develop analysis skills artwork; to cultivate a spiritual and moral personality, the ability to work in a group, respect the opinion of a friend, develop a sense of tolerance, mutual assistance and support.

Planned results:

Personal: Know the concepts: "hero", "comparison", "opposition", means of revealing characters actors(actions, portrait, landscape, author's assessment)

Metasubject: plan their activities under the guidance of a teacher, the ability to work with textbook material, determine criteria for comparing works

Subject: the ability to operate with concepts when creating a comparative characteristic, to identify the author's position, to compose a story on behalf of the hero

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Articulation warm-up

And here are the questions that we will try to answer today.

What is the plot in literary work?

What is a composition in a literary work?

Subject - this is a circle of life phenomena depicted in the work. The circle of events that form the life basis of the work.

Idea - This the main idea works. And the author wanted to show that perseverance and courage always win. To teach people not to give up even in the most difficult circumstances, to persevere in achieving their goal. Condemns hostility between peoples. Condemns betrayal. Shows that war is a senseless enmity of people.

Composition - this is the construction of a work, the arrangement of parts and episodes in a meaningful sequence. We list these parts (exposition, plot, development of the action, climax, denouement, epilogue). The composition can be called direct. She follows the story.

exposition - the action takes place in the 19th century in the Caucasus. There is a war between Russians and highlanders. Initial acquaintance with the characters, Zhilin and Kostylin. Tolstoy's exposition and epilogue are swift, they fit in a few lines.

tie - Zhilin receives a letter from home and decides to go on vacation.

Development of action - after that, a lot of different episodes take place, which we will talk about during the lesson.

climax - second run.

denouement - Zhilin finds himself in his fortress.

Epilogue - Zhilin remained to serve in the Caucasus, and a month later Kostylin was ransomed for 5 thousand and brought to the fortress barely alive.

3 . Goal setting.

Conversation. Zhilin and Kostylin are two different characters, two different destinies.

Let's start the work with clarifying the impressions of the story.
- Did you enjoy reading the story? What episodes caused sadness, sympathy, joy? What episodes would you like to re-read?
- Which of the characters aroused respect, which - hostility?
- Why is the story called "Prisoner of the Caucasus", and not "Prisoners of the Caucasus", because there were two prisoners?
The story is called "Prisoner of the Caucasus", and not "Prisoners of the Caucasus", because the writer pays the main attention to the story about Zhilin. Zhilin and Kostylin are the heroes of the story, but only Zhilin can be called a true hero.
- How is the life of the village shown: through the eyes of Kostylin or through the eyes of Zhilin? Why?
We invite students to find descriptions of the life of the village in the text, read and retell these descriptions close to the text.
The Tatar village presented itself to Zhilin in the morning peaceful, calm. People wake up, everyone is busy with their own business, women bring water, boys play around. Zhilin counted ten houses and a Tatar church with a turret (that is, a mosque with a minaret).
When Zhilin entered the house, he saw that the walls were smoothly plastered with clay, the room was good. Expensive carpets hang on the walls, weapons in silver are on the carpets. The stove is small, and the floor is earthen, clean. The front corner is covered with felts, there are carpets on them, down pillows on the carpets. Tatars sit here and eat.
Zhilin watched how the Tatars dressed - both men and women, noticed that they were very fond of silver. In the house I noticed that they are the first, they leave big shoes at the threshold, and in other, inner shoes they sit on carpets. Zhilin also noticed how they wash their hands and pray after eating. Servants are not allowed on carpets with pillows.

4. Learning new material.

Let's draw the children's attention to the description of the funeral of the Tatar, to the details that tell about worship and about the life of women in the village.
Why did the old woman break Dinah's first doll?
Muslim tradition forbids portraying people. Besides, the old woman was probably angry with the Russian.
- How did the Tatars treat Zhilin? Why did Abdul-Murat fall in love with Zhilin?
The Tatars treated Zhilin with respect for the fact that he did not allow himself to be intimidated when they demanded a ransom from him, and for the fact that he knew how to do a lot. Abdul the owner said that he fell in love with Zhilin. The red Tatar and the old man who lived under the mountain hated all Russians, and Zhilin too.
- Tell us about the relationship between Dina and Zhilin. Why did Dina help Zhilin?
Zhilin was grateful to Dina for her help. Dina helped Zhilin, brought him food, because Zhilin showed kindness to her, made her a doll, then a second one. After a thunderstorm, he made a toy for children - a wheel with dolls. Describing the friendship between a girl and a captured Russian officer, Tolstoy wants to say that the feeling of enmity is not innate. Chechen children treat Russians with innocent curiosity, not hostility. And Zhilin is fighting with adult Chechens who attacked him, but not with children. With respect and gratitude, he refers to the courage and kindness of Dina. If the father had found out that Dina was helping Zhilin, he would have severely punished her.
The author wants to say that enmity between peoples is meaningless, that the friendship of people is the norm of human communication, and confirms this with the example of friendship between Zhilin and Dina.

Comparative characteristics heroes. Work in creative groups.

– Now that we have comprehended the content of the story, identified the main problems, it's time to sum up the first results.

– What kind of heroes appeared before us?

Working with a table of synonyms: make a description of phrases (in writing).

Zhilin: kind (thinks of mother, pities her); hopes for himself, contemplates an escape; active person;

managed to take root in the village (he is Zhilin!); hardworking, cannot sit idle, master;

helps everyone, even his enemies - the Tatars; he is interested in other people, he loves children;

magnanimous (forgave Kostylin for abandoning him in battle).

Kostylin: weak person, does not rely on himself, waits for help from his mother; very lazy;

capable of betrayal (left Zhilin); limp, discouraged;

does not understand other people, thinks only of himself.

Work on illustrations students.

– Whose portrait conveys real image heroes L.N. Tolstoy?

5. Physical minutes.

First, children, let's stand in a row,

Let's move back a little.

And then we step forward

Smiling to the fullest.

To the right, we will swing smoothly,

Then turn left.

Let's bend our knees a little

We put our hands firmly in them,

Let's spread the shoulders together

And in the end - we will bring them together.

Everything! The minute is over

We continue to listen carefully.

6 . Fixing the material.

L.N. Tolstoy shows that people may not understand and even hate each other, but they have the opportunity to understand each other, although this requires some effort.

Kostylin is not only in Tatar captivity, but also in captivity of his weakness, his egoism, and he does not get out of this captivity. Zhilin managed to survive, take root in a hostile environment, as he managed to win over even his enemies; he solved his problems himself, without shifting them onto the shoulders of others; how strong he was, "wiry" was not. Zhilin managed to escape from captivity, and Kostylin remained not only and not so much in Tatar captivity, but in captivity of his weakness, his selfishness.

L.N. Tolstoy shows how helpless, how physically weak Kostylin turns out to be, how he only hopes for a ransom that his mother will send. Kostylin is in double captivity, as we said above. Writer drawing this image, as if saying that, without getting out of the internal captivity, it is impossible to get out of the external captivity.

Zhilin, on the contrary, does not count on his mother, does not want to shift his difficulties onto her shoulders. He is included in the life of the Tatars, the aul, he is constantly doing something, he knows how to win over even his enemies - he is strong in spirit. It is this idea, first of all, that the author wants to convey to us.

7. The result of the lesson.

– It's time to draw conclusions:

1) The following questions are asked:

– Why was Zhilin's second escape from captivity successful? (Zhilin became his own, enjoyed some freedom, was able to scout the way home, liked Dina, who helped him).

– What, in your opinion, is the meaning of the word "one's own" to determine the position of Zhilin?

– How was the fate of Kostylin?

– Who is the Caucasian prisoner?

– One believes that the prisoner is Zhilin, the other Kostylin. Which of them is right?

8. Homework. Write an essay on the topic “Who would I go on reconnaissance with?”

The author of the essay: Andrey Strukov
(reprint only with permission of the author)
The country: Russia
City: Lipetsk
School: gymnasium №64
Who gave up: Potapova L. Yu.
Evaluation / By what system: 5/5
Published: 13-01-2011 19:52

The story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" was written by L. N. Tolstoy in the 70s XIX years century. In the Caucasus at that time there was a war between the Russians and the highlanders. At the heart of the story are real events that happened to the writer himself and his colleagues during their service in the Caucasus. One day he and his friend miraculously got away from the chase. Lieutenant Tolstoy also had to rescue his comrades-in-arms from captivity.

Thinking about the fate of the main characters, Russian officers Zhilin and Kostylin, you pay attention to their names. They even rhyme, but are opposite in meaning. Zhilin from the word "vein" - a strong ending of muscles, sinewy, elastic, and Kostylin from the word "crutch" - a stick for the lame, powerless. Their appearance is also different. “Zhilin, although not great in stature, was daring.” "And Kostylin is a heavy, fat man."

Once Zhilin received a letter from his mother, who asked him to come to her. The loving son immediately set off on the road. He went with a convoy behind the fortress. The convoy moved slowly. Zhilin drove forward, another officer drove up to him - Kostylin, they decided to go further alone, without a convoy. Here they were attacked by the Tatars. And already here the officers behaved differently. Zhilin showed courage, "grabbed a saber, let the horse go straight at the red Tatar", but the Tatars shot a horse near Zhilin and took him prisoner. And Kostylin, who had a gun, “just saw the Tatars, rolled up to the fortress” and left his comrade in trouble. However, betrayal did not save him.

In captivity, Zhilin and Kostylin also behave differently. When the owner Abdul-Murat told the officers that they needed to pay a ransom of 5,000 rubles, Kostylin immediately wrote a letter, then “Kostylin wrote home again, kept waiting for the money to be sent and was bored” or slept. But Zhilin agreed only to 500 rubles and sent the letter to another address so as not to burden the sick mother, and he himself thought: “God willing, I’ll get out myself.”

During the day, Zhilin walks around the aul, “and he looks out for everything, asks how he can escape” “or does needlework, and when the night comes, he calms down in the village, so he digs a hole in his barn to escape.

Once Zhilin made a doll from clay and presented it to Dina, the daughter of the owner, then another. “And since then she began to steal milk for him every day.” And when Zhilin repaired the watch for the owner, “the glory passed about Zhilin that he was a master.” And everyone began to turn to him with requests, but he did not refuse anyone.

When Zhilin finished digging a hole under the barn and found out which way they should run, he chose a suitable night and, together with Kostylin, fled from the village.

They went to the mountains. Zhilin's boots were worn out, he "took off his own, threw them away, went barefoot," and "Kostylin keeps lagging behind and groans." When they met a deer in the forest, "Kostylin fell down with fear, and Zhilin laughs." Further, even worse - Kostylin “a man is overweight, plump, sweaty; ... yes, his legs were peeled off - he was malted. Zhilin began to lift it by force, ”Kostylin shouted, and at that time a Tatar drove by and heard his cry. Zhilin thinks: "It's not good to leave a comrade." He put Kostylin on himself and carried him. Soon a Tartar caught up with them with help, returned the officers to the village and lowered them into the pit.

So, through the fault of Kostylin, their first escape failed. And again we see how differently officers behave in the same conditions.

Now "their life has become quite bad." “Kostylin fell completely ill, the ache all over his body became and he is still moaning or sleeping.” And Zhilin, although he sees that things are bad, still "thinks about a free life." When Dina brought him cherries and a cake, he began to think about how to persuade the girl to help them. She took pity on Dina Zhilina, and brought a healthy pole to the pit. Zhilin did not want to leave Kostylin alone, but he refused to run.

This time Zhilin fled alone. He couldn't knock the block off his foot. He took the cakes from Dina, which she brought him on the road, thanked the girl for everything, crossed himself and went to the mountains. It was hard for Zhilin to walk 8 miles in a block, but he still got to his own.

Zhilin “remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was redeemed for five thousand only a month later. Barely alive brought.

The story of Leo Tolstoy has a riddle. The writer gives him the name "Prisoner of the Caucasus", and not "prisoners", although two Russian officers are captured.

Zhilin - strong-willed, active, hard-working, kind and generous, loves children, helps everyone, even his enemies, therefore he endeared them to himself. He solves his own problems. Kostylin is a completely different person. He is lazy and capable of betrayal. Therefore, Zhilin managed to escape from Tatar captivity, and Kostylin, although he was ransomed from the Tatars, it is unlikely that he will be able to get out of the captivity of his weaknesses and his selfishness.

Zhilin and Kostylin are different people, therefore their fates are also different. I think that this is the idea that the author wanted to convey to us.

Prisoner of the Caucasus: Zhilin and Kostylin - two different fates. Brief essay. I'll give you 70 points for your help.

Answer:

The story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" was written by L. N. Tolstoy in the 70s of the XIX century. In the Caucasus at that time there was a war between the Russians and the highlanders. The story is based on real events that happened to the writer himself and his colleagues during their service in the Caucasus. One day he and his friend miraculously got away from the chase. Lieutenant Tolstoy also had to rescue his comrades-in-arms from captivity. Thinking about the fate of the main characters, Russian officers Zhilin and Kostylin, you pay attention to their names. They even rhyme, but are opposite in meaning. Zhilin from the word "vein" - a strong ending of muscles, sinewy, elastic, and Kostylin from the word "crutch" - a stick for the lame, powerless. Their appearance is also different. “Zhilin, although not great in stature, was daring.” "And Kostylin is a heavy, fat man." Once Zhilin received a letter from his mother, who asked him to come to her. The loving son immediately set off on the road. He went with a convoy behind the fortress. The convoy moved slowly. Zhilin drove forward, another officer drove up to him - Kostylin, they decided to go further alone, without a convoy. Here they were attacked by the Tatars. And already here the officers behaved differently. Zhilin showed courage, "grabbed a saber, let the horse go straight at the red Tatar", but the Tatars shot a horse near Zhilin and took him prisoner. And Kostylin, who had a gun, “just saw the Tatars, rolled up to the fortress” and left his comrade in trouble. However, betrayal did not save him. In captivity, Zhilin and Kostylin also behave differently. When the owner Abdul-Murat told the officers that they needed to pay a ransom of 5,000 rubles, Kostylin immediately wrote a letter, then “Kostylin wrote home again, kept waiting for the money to be sent and was bored” or slept. But Zhilin agreed only to 500 rubles and sent the letter to another address so as not to burden the sick mother, and he himself thought: “God willing, I’ll get out myself.” During the day, Zhilin walks around the aul, “and he looks out for everything, asks how he can escape” “or does needlework, and when the night comes, he calms down in the village, so he digs a hole in his barn to escape. Once Zhilin made a doll from clay and presented it to Dina, the daughter of the owner, then another. “And since then she began to steal milk for him every day.” And when Zhilin repaired the watch for the owner, “the glory passed about Zhilin that he was a master.” And everyone began to turn to him with requests, but he did not refuse anyone. When Zhilin finished digging a hole under the barn and found out which way they should run, he chose a suitable night and, together with Kostylin, fled from the village. They went to the mountains. Zhilin's boots were worn out, he "took off his own, threw them away, went barefoot," and "Kostylin keeps lagging behind and groans." When they met a deer in the forest, "Kostylin fell down with fear, and Zhilin laughs." Further even worse - Kostylin “a man is overweight, plump, sweaty; ... yes, his legs were peeled off - he got malted. Zhilin began to lift it by force, ”Kostylin shouted, and at that time a Tatar drove by and heard his cry. Zhilin thinks: "It's not good to leave a comrade." He put Kostylin on himself and carried him. Soon a Tartar caught up with them with help, returned the officers to the village and lowered them into the pit. So, through the fault of Kostylin, their first escape failed. And again we see how differently officers behave in the same conditions. Now "their life has become quite bad." “Kostylin fell completely ill, the ache all over his body became and he is still moaning or sleeping.” And Zhilin, although he sees that things are bad, still "thinks about a free life." When Dina brought him cherries and a cake, he began to think about how to persuade the girl to help them. She took pity on Dina Zhilina, and brought a healthy pole to the pit. Zhilin did not want to leave Kostylin alone, but he refused to run. This time Zhilin fled alone. He couldn't knock the block off his foot. He took the cakes from Dina, which she brought him on the road, thanked the girl for everything, crossed himself and went to the mountains. It was hard for Zhilin to walk 8 miles in a block, but he still got to his own. Zhilin “remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin was redeemed for five thousand only a month later. Barely alive brought. The story of Leo Tolstoy has a riddle. The writer gives him the name "Prisoner of the Caucasus", and not "prisoners", although two Russian officers are captured. Zhilin is strong in spirit, active, hard-working, kind and generous, loves children, helps everyone, even his enemies, so he endeared them to him. He solves his own problems. Kostylin is a completely different person. He is lazy and capable of betrayal. Therefore, Zhilin managed to escape from Tatar captivity, and Kostylin, although he was ransomed from the Tatars, it is unlikely that he will be able to get out of the captivity of his weaknesses and his selfishness. Zhilin and Kostylin are different people, therefore their fates are also different. I think that this is the idea that the author wanted to convey to us.

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