How Mayakovsky studied. The beginning of Mayakovsky's poetic activity

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky. Born on July 7 (19), 1893 in Bagdati, Kutaisi province - died on April 14, 1930 in Moscow. Russian and Soviet poet, playwright, screenwriter, film director, actor, artist. One of the most outstanding poets XX century.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born on July 7 (19 according to the new style) July 1893 in Bagdati, Kutaisi province (Georgia).

Father - Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdat forestry. My father died from blood poisoning after pricking his finger with a needle while stitching papers - from then on, Vladimir Mayakovsky had a phobia of pins, needles, hairpins, etc., fearing infection, bacteriophobia haunted him all his life.

Mother - Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from the Kuban Cossacks, was born in the village of Ternovskaya in the Kuban.

In the poem “Vladikavkaz - Tiflis” Mayakovsky calls himself a “Georgian”.

One of his grandmothers, Efrosinya Osipovna Danilevskaya, is the author’s cousin historical novels G. P. Danilevsky.

He had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949).

He had two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).

In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent Georgian language.

In his youth, he took part in revolutionary demonstrations and read propaganda brochures.

After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky, along with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91 on Povarskaya Street, the building has not survived), and studied in the same class with his brother Shura.

The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.

Mayakovsky published his first “half-poem” in the illegal magazine “Rush,” which was published by the Third Gymnasium. According to him, “it turned out incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly.”

In Moscow, Mayakovsky met revolutionary-minded students, began to become interested in Marxist literature, and in 1908 joined the RSDLP. He was a propagandist in the commercial and industrial subdistrict, and in 1908-1909 he was arrested three times (in the case of an underground printing house, on suspicion of connections with a group of anarchist expropriators, on suspicion of aiding the escape of female political prisoners from Novinsky prison).

In the first case, he was released under the supervision of his parents by a court verdict as a minor who acted “without understanding”; in the second and third cases, he was released due to lack of evidence.

In prison, Mayakovsky was a “scandal,” so he was often transferred from unit to unit: Basmannaya, Meshchanskaya, Myasnitskaya and, finally, Butyrskaya prison, where he spent 11 months in solitary confinement No. 103. In prison in 1909, Mayakovsky again began writing poetry, but was dissatisfied with what was written.

After his third arrest, he was released from prison in January 1910. After his release, he left the party. In 1918 he wrote in his autobiography: “Why not in the party? Communists worked at the fronts. In art and education there are still compromisers. They would send me to fish in Astrakhan.”

In 1911, the poet’s friend, bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to take up painting.

Mayakovsky studied in the preparatory class of the Stroganov School, in the studios of artists S. Yu. Zhukovsky and P. I. Kelin. In 1911, he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - the only place where he was accepted without a certificate of trustworthiness. Having met David Burliuk, the founder of the futurist group "Gilea", he entered the poetic circle and joined the Cubo-Futurists. The first published poem was called “Night” (1912), it was included in the futuristic collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”

On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky’s first public performance took place in the artistic basement “Stray Dog”.

In 1913, Mayakovsky’s first collection “I” (a cycle of four poems) was published. It was written by hand, provided with drawings by Vasily Chekrygin and Lev Zhegin and reproduced lithographically in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet’s book of poems “Simple as a Moo” (1916). His poems also appeared on the pages of futurist almanacs “Mares’ Milk”, “Dead Moon”, “Roaring Parnassus”, etc., and began to be published in periodicals.

In the same year, the poet turned to drama. The program tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky” was written and staged. The scenery for it was written by artists from the “Youth Union” P. N. Filonov and I. S. Shkolnik, and the author himself acted as director and leading actor.

In February 1914, Mayakovsky and Burliuk were expelled from the school for public performance.

In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem “A Cloud in Pants”. After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem “War Has Been Declared” was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this as political unreliability. Soon his attitude towards service in tsarist army Mayakovsky expressed it in the poem “To you!”, which later became a song.

On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, together with Burliuk and Kamensky, arrived on tour in Baku - as part of the “famous Moscow futurists.” That evening, at the Mailov Brothers Theater, Mayakovsky read a report on futurism, illustrating it with poetry.

In July 1915, the poet met Lilya Yuryevna and Osip Maksimovich Brik. In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under the patronage, was military service in Petrograd at the Automotive Training School.

Soldiers were not allowed to publish, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Spine Flute” and “Cloud in Pants” for 50 kopecks per line and published them. His anti-war lyrics: “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”, “Me and Napoleon”, the poem “War and Peace” (1915). Appeal to satire. The cycle “Hymns” for the magazine “New Satyricon” (1915). The first one was published in 1916 big compilation“As simple as a moo.” 1917 - “Revolution. Poetochronika".

On March 3, 1917, Mayakovsky led a detachment of 7 soldiers who arrested the commander of the Automotive Training School, General P. I. Sekretev. It is curious that shortly before this, on January 31, Mayakovsky received from the hands of Sekretev silver medal"For diligence." During the summer of 1917, Mayakovsky energetically worked to have him declared unfit for military service and was released from it in the fall.

In August 1917, he decided to write “Mystery Bouffe,” which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged for the anniversary of the revolution (dir. Vs. Meyerhold, art director K. Malevich).

In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts.

Vladimir Mayakovsky in the film "The Young Lady and the Hooligan"

In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began actively collaborating with ROSTA (1919-1921), and designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“Windows of ROSTA”).

In 1919, the first collection of the poet’s works was published - “Everything written by Vladimir Mayakovsky. 1909-1919".

In 1918-1919 he appeared in the newspaper “Art of the Commune”. Propaganda of world revolution and revolution of spirit.

In 1920, he finished writing the poem “150,000,000,” which reflects the theme of world revolution.

In 1918, Mayakovsky organized the group “Comfut” (communist futurism), and in 1922 - the publishing house MAF (Moscow Association of Futurists), which published several of his books.

In 1923 he organized the LEF group (Left Front of the Arts), the thick magazine LEF (seven issues were published in 1923-1925). Aseev, Pasternak, Osip Brik, B. Arvatov, N. Chuzhak, Tretyakov, Levidov, Shklovsky and others actively published. He promoted Lef’s theories of production art, social order, literature of fact.

At this time, the poems “About This” (1923), “To the workers of Kursk who mined the first ore, a temporary monument to the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky” (1923) and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924) were published. When the author read the poem about at the Bolshoi Theater, which was accompanied by a 20-minute ovation, he was present. Mayakovsky mentioned the “leader of the peoples” himself in his poems only twice.

Years civil war Mayakovsky believes best time in life, in the poem “Good!”, written in the prosperous year of 1927, there are nostalgic chapters.

In 1922-1923, in a number of works he continued to insist on the need for a world revolution and a revolution of the spirit - “The Fourth International”, “The Fifth International”, “My Speech at the Genoa Conference”, etc.

In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions: “How does a democratic republic work?” (1922); "Paris (Conversations with Eiffel Tower)" (1923) and a number of others.

In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip across America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City and performed in various cities USA with poetry readings and reports. Later, poems were written (the collection “Spain. - Ocean. - Havana. - Mexico. - America”) and the essay “My Discovery of America.”

In 1925-1928 he traveled a lot around Soviet Union, performed in a variety of audiences. During these years, the poet published such works as “To Comrade Nette, the Ship and the Man” (1926); “Through the Cities of the Union” (1927); “The story of the foundry worker Ivan Kozyrev...” (1928).

From February 17 to February 24, 1926, Mayakovsky visited Baku, performed at the opera and drama theaters, and before oil workers in Balakhany.

In 1922-1926 he actively collaborated with Izvestia, in 1926-1929 - with Komsomolskaya Pravda.

Published in magazines: “ New world", "Young Guard", "Ogonyok", "Crocodile", "Red Niva", etc. He worked in agitation and advertising, for which he was criticized by Pasternak, Kataev, Svetlov.

In 1926-1927 he wrote nine film scripts.

In 1927, he restored the LEF magazine under the name “New LEF”. A total of 24 issues were published. In the summer of 1928, Mayakovsky became disillusioned with LEF and left the organization and the magazine. In the same year he began writing his personal biography"I myself." From October 8 to December 8 - a trip abroad, on the route Berlin - Paris. In November, volumes I and II of the collected works were published.

The satirical plays The Bedbug (1928) and Bathhouse (1929) were staged by Meyerhold. The poet’s satire, especially “Bath,” caused persecution from Rapp’s critics. In 1929, the poet organized the REF group, but already in February 1930 he left it, joining RAPP.

In 1928-1929 Mayakovsky received Active participation V anti-religious campaign . It was then that the NEP was collapsed, the collectivization of agriculture began, and indicative materials appeared in newspapers. trials over "pests".

In 1929, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued the Decree “On Religious Associations,” which worsened the situation of believers. In the same year, Art. 4 of the Constitution of the RSFSR: instead of “freedom of religious and anti-religious propaganda,” the republic recognized “freedom of religious confessions and anti-religious propaganda.”

As a result, a need arose in the state for anti-religious works of art, responding to ideological changes. A number of leading Soviet poets, writers, journalists and filmmakers. Mayakovsky was among them. In 1929, he wrote the poem “We Must Fight,” in which he stigmatized believers and called for atheism.

Also in 1929, he, together with Maxim Gorky and Demyan Bedny, took part in the Second Congress of the Union of Militant Atheists. In his speech at the congress, Mayakovsky called on writers and poets to participate in the fight against religion: “We can already unmistakably discern a fascist Mauser behind the Catholic cassock. We can already unmistakably discern the edge of a fist behind the priest’s cassock, but thousands of other intricacies through art entangle us in the same damned mysticism. ...If it is still possible, one way or another, to understand the brainless ones from the flock, who have been hammering religious feelings into themselves for decades, the so-called believers, then we must classify a religious writer who works consciously and yet works as a religious person either as a charlatan, or like a fool. Comrades, usually their pre-revolutionary meetings and congresses ended with the call “to God”; today the congress will end with the words “to God.” This is the slogan of today’s writer,” he said.

Features of the style and creativity of Vladimir Mayakovsky

Many researchers creative development Mayakovsky's poetic life is likened to a five-act action with a prologue and epilogue.

The role of a kind of prologue in creative path the poet was played by the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" (1913), the first act was the poems "Cloud in Pants" (1914-1915) and "Spine Flute" (1915), the second act - the poems "War and Peace" (1915-1916) and "Man" (1916-1917), the third act - the play "Mystery-bouffe" (first version - 1918, second - 1920-1921) and the poem "150,000,000" (1919-1920), the fourth act - the poem "Love" (1922), “About This” (1923) and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924), the fifth act is the poem “Good!” (1927) and the plays “Bedbug” (1928-1929) and “Bathhouse” (1929-1930), the epilogue is the first and second introductions to the poem “At the top of my voice” (1928-1930) and the poet’s suicide letter “To everyone” (12 April 1930).

The rest of Mayakovsky's works, including numerous poems, gravitate toward one or another part of this overall picture, the basis of which is the poet's major works.

In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore inconvenient. In the works he wrote in the late 1920s, tragic motives. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler” and not the “proletarian writer” that he wanted to see himself.

In 1930, he organized an exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of his work, but he was interfered with in every possible way, and none of the writers or state leaders visited the exhibition itself.

In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of “Moscow is Burning” based on Mayakovsky’s play, dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.

Early creativity Mayakovsky was expressive and metaphorical (“I’m going to cry that the policemen were crucified at the crossroads,” “Could you?”), combined the energy of a meeting and demonstration with the most lyrical intimacy (“The violin twitched begging”), Nietzschean fight against God and a religious feeling carefully disguised in the soul (“I, praising the machine and England / Perhaps simply / In the most ordinary Gospel / The Thirteenth Apostle”).

According to the poet, it all started with the line “I launched a pineapple into the sky.” David Burliuk introduced the young poet to the poetry of Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Verhaeren, but Whitman's free verse had a decisive influence.

Mayakovsky did not recognize traditional poetic meters, he invented rhythm for his poems; polymetric compositions are united by style and a single syntactic intonation, which is set by the graphic presentation of the verse: first by dividing the verse into several lines written in a column, and since 1923 by the famous “ladder”, which became “ business card» Mayakovsky. The ladder helped Mayakovsky get him to read his poems with correct intonation, since commas were sometimes not enough.

After 1917, Mayakovsky began to write a lot; in five pre-revolutionary years he wrote one volume of poetry and prose, in twelve post-revolutionary years- eleven volumes. For example, in 1928 he wrote 125 poems and a play. He spent a lot of time traveling around the Union and abroad. When traveling, I sometimes gave 2-3 speeches a day (not counting participation in debates, meetings, conferences, etc.).

However, subsequently, disturbing and restless thoughts began to appear in Mayakovsky’s works; he exposes the vices and shortcomings of the new system (from the poem “The Sitting Ones,” 1922, to the play “Bathhouse,” 1929).

It is believed that in the mid-1920s he began to become disillusioned with the socialist system; his so-called trips abroad are perceived as attempts to escape from himself; in the poem “At the Top of My Voice” there is the line “rummaging through today’s petrified shit” (in the censored version - "shit") Although he continued to create poems imbued with official cheerfulness, including those dedicated to collectivization, until his last days.

Another feature of the poet is the combination of pathos and lyricism with Shchedrin’s most poisonous satire.

Mayakovsky had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, Rozhdestvensky, Kedrov, and also made a significant contribution to children's poetry.

Mayakovsky addressed his descendants into the distant future, confident that he would be remembered hundreds of years from now:

My verse

labor

the vastness of years will break through

and will appear

weighty,

rough,

visibly

like these days

the water supply came in,

worked out

still slaves of Rome.

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Documentary

Suicide of Vladimir Mayakovsky

The year 1930 started poorly for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe.

Mayakovsky was harshly treated in the newspapers as a “fellow traveler of the Soviet regime” - while he himself saw himself as a proletarian writer.

There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and state leaders, as the poet had hoped for. The premiere of the play “Bathhouse” was unsuccessful in March, and the play “The Bedbug” was also expected to fail.

At the beginning of April 1930, a greeting to “the great proletarian poet on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of his work and social activities" There was talk in literary circles that Mayakovsky had written himself off. The poet was denied a visa to travel abroad.

Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers in Polytechnic Institute, which was attended mainly by Komsomol members, there were many boorish shouts from the seats. The poet was haunted by quarrels and scandals everywhere. His state of mind became more and more alarming and depressing.

Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had a small boat room for work on the fourth floor of a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now State Museum V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 building 4). The suicide took place in this room.

On the morning of April 14, Mayakovsky had an appointment with Veronica (Nora) Polonskaya. The poet had been dating Polonskaya for the second year, insisted on her divorce, and even signed up for a writers’ cooperative in the passage of the Art Theater, where he planned to move to live with Nora.

As 82-year-old Polonskaya recalled in 1990 in an interview with the magazine “Soviet Screen” (No. 13 - 1990), on that fateful morning the poet picked her up at eight o’clock, because at 10.30 she had a rehearsal scheduled at the theater with Nemirovich -Danchenko.

“I couldn’t be late, it angered Vladimir Vladimirovich. He locked the doors, hid the key in his pocket, began to demand that I not go to the theater, and left from there altogether. I cried... I asked if he would see me out. “No.” ", he said, but promised to call. And he also asked if I had money for a taxi. I didn’t have money, he gave twenty rubles... I managed to get to the front door and heard a shot. I rushed about, afraid to return. Then she walked in and saw the smoke from the shot that had not yet cleared. There was a small mark on Mayakovsky’s chest. bloody stain. I rushed to him, I repeated: “What did you do?..” He tried to raise his head. Then his head fell, and he began to turn terribly pale... People appeared, someone said to me: “Run, meet the ambulance... I ran out, met him. I returned, and on the stairs someone said to me: “It’s too late. He died.” ... "," recalled Veronica Polonskaya.

The suicide note, prepared two days earlier, is very detailed (which, according to researchers, excludes the version of the spontaneity of the shot), begins with the words: “Don’t blame anyone for the fact that I’m dying, and please don’t gossip, the deceased really didn’t like it.” ...".

The poet calls Lilya Brik (as well as Veronica Polonskaya), mother and sisters members of his family and asks to transfer all the poems and archives to the Briks.

Suicide letter from Vladimir Mayakovsky:

"Everyone

Don’t blame anyone for the fact that I’m dying and please don’t gossip. The deceased did not like this terribly.

Mom, sisters and comrades, I’m sorry - this is not the way (I don’t recommend it to others), but I have no choice.

Lilya - love me.

Comrade government, my family is Lilya Brik, mother, sisters and Veronica Vitoldovna Polonskaya.

If you give them a tolerable life, thank you.

Give the poems you started to the Briks, they will figure it out.

As they say -

"the incident is ruined"

love boat

crashed into everyday life.

I'm even with life

and there is no need for a list

mutual pain,

and resentment.

Happy stay.

12/IV -30

Comrades Vappovtsy, do not consider me cowardly.

Seriously - nothing can be done.

Hello.

Tell Ermilov that it’s a pity - he removed the slogan, we should have a fight.

I have 2000 rubles in my table. - contribute to the tax. You will receive the rest from Giza.

The Briks managed to arrive at the funeral, urgently interrupting their European tour. Polonskaya, on the contrary, did not dare to attend, since Mayakovsky’s mother and sisters considered her to be the culprit in the death of the poet.

For three days, with an endless stream of people, farewell took place in the House of Writers. Tens of thousands of admirers of his talent escorted the poet to the Donskoye Cemetery in an iron coffin while the Internationale was sung. Ironically, Mayakovsky’s “futuristic” iron coffin was made by avant-garde sculptor Anton Lavinsky, the husband of the artist Lily Lavinskaya, who gave birth to a son from her relationship with Mayakovsky.

The poet was cremated in the first Moscow crematorium opened three years earlier near the Donskoy Monastery. The brain was removed for research by the Brain Institute. Initially, the ashes were located there, in the columbarium of the New Donskoye Cemetery, but as a result of the persistent actions of Lilia Brik and the poet’s elder sister Lyudmila, the urn with Mayakovsky’s ashes was moved on May 22, 1952 and buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Mayakovsky. last love, the last shoot

Vladimir Mayakovsky's height: 189 centimeters.

Personal life of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Was not married. Two children from extramarital affairs.

The poet had many different novels, a number of which went down in history.

He was in a relationship with Elsa Triolet, thanks to whom she appeared in his life.

- “muse of the Russian avant-garde”, hostess of one of the most famous literary and artistic salons in the 20th century. Author of memoirs, recipient of Vladimir Mayakovsky's works, who played a big role in the poet's life. Sister of Elsa Triolet. She was married to Osip Brik, Vitaly Primakov, Vasily Katanyan.

Over a long period creative life Mayakovsky Lilya Brik was his muse. They met in July 1915 at her parents' dacha in Malakhovka near Moscow. At the end of July, Lily's sister Elsa Triole brought Mayakovsky, who had recently arrived from Finland, to Brikov's Petrograd apartment on the street. Zhukovsky, 7.

The Briks, people far from literature, were engaged in business, having inherited a small but profitable coral business from their parents. Mayakovsky read the yet unpublished poem “A Cloud in Pants” at their home and, after an enthusiastic reception, dedicated it to the hostess - “To you, Lilya.” The poet later called this day “the most joyful date.”

Osip Brik, Lily's husband, published the poem in a small edition in September 1915. Infatuated with Lily, the poet settled in the Palais Royal hotel on Pushkinskaya Street in Petrograd, never returning to Finland.

In November, the futurist moved even closer to the Brikovs' apartment - to Nadezhdinskaya Street, 52. Soon Mayakovsky introduced new friends to his friends, futurist poets - D. Burliuk, V. Kamensky, B. Pasternak, V. Khlebnikov and others. Brikov's apartment on the street . Zhukovsky became a bohemian salon, which was visited not only by futurists, but also by M. Kuzmin, M. Gorky, V. Shklovsky, R. Yakobson, as well as other writers, philologists and artists.

Soon, a stormy romance broke out between Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik, with the obvious connivance of Osip. This novel was reflected in the poems “Spine Flute” (1915) and “Man” (1916) and in the poems “To Everything” (1916), “Lilichka! Instead of a letter" (1916). After this, Mayakovsky began to devote all of his works (except for the poem “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”) to Lilya Brik.

In 1918, Lilya and Vladimir starred in the film “Chained by Film” based on Mayakovsky’s script. To date, the film has survived in fragments. Photographs and a large poster depicting Lilya, entangled in film, also survived.

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik in the film "Chained by Film"

Since the summer of 1918, Mayakovsky and Briki lived together, the three of them, which fit well into the popular after the revolution marriage and love concept, known as the “Glass of Water Theory.” At this time, all three finally switched to Bolshevik positions. At the beginning of March 1919, they moved from Petrograd to Moscow to a communal apartment in Poluektovy Lane, 5, and then, from September 1920, they settled in two rooms in a house on the corner of Myasnitskaya Street in Vodopyanoy Lane, 3. Then all three moved to an apartment in Gendrikov Lane on Taganka. Mayakovsky and Lilya worked at Windows of ROSTA, and Osip served for some time in the Cheka and was a member of the Bolshevik Party.

Bibliography of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Autobiography:

1928 - “I myself”

Poems:

1914-15 - “Cloud in Pants”
1915 - “Spine Flute”
1916-17 - "Man"
1921-22 - “I Love”
1923 - “About This”
1924 - “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”
1925 - “The Flying Proletarian”
1927 - “Okay!”

Poems:

1912 - “Night”
1912 - “Morning”
1912 - “Port”
1913 - “From street to street”
1913 - “Could you?”
1913 - “Signs”
1913 - “I”: Along the pavement; A few words about my wife; A few words about my mother; A few words about myself
1913 - “From fatigue”
1913 - “Hell of the City”
1913 - “Here!”
1913 - “They don’t understand anything”
1914 - “Blouse Veil”
1914 - “Listen”
1914 - “But still”
1914 - “War is declared.” July 20
1914 - “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”
1914 - “Violin and a little nervously”
1915 - “Me and Napoleon”
1915 - “To you”
1915 - “Hymn to the Judge”
1915 - “Hymn to the Scientist”
1915 - “Naval Love”
1915 - “Hymn to Health”
1915 - “Hymn to the Critic”
1915 - “Hymn to Lunch”
1915 - “That’s how I became a dog”
1915 - “Magnificent absurdities”
1915 - “Hymn to the Bribe”
1915 - “Attentive attitude towards bribe takers”
1915 - “Monstrous Funeral”
1916 - “Hey!”
1916 - "Giveaway"
1916 - “Tired”
1916 - “Needles”
1916 - “The Last St. Petersburg Fairy Tale”
1916 - “Russia”
1916 - “Lilichka!”
1916 - “To Everything”
1916 - “The author dedicates these lines to himself, his beloved”
1917 - “Writer Brothers”
1917 - "Revolution". April 19
1917 - “The Tale of Little Red Riding Hood”
1917 - “To the Answer”
1917 - “Our March”
1918 - " Good attitude to the horses"
1918 - “Ode to the Revolution”
1918 - “Order for the Army of Art”
1918 - “Working Poet”
1918 - “That Side”
1918 - “Left March”
1919 - “Amazing Facts”
1919 - “We Are Coming”
1919 - “Soviet ABC”
1919 - “Worker! Throw out the non-party nonsense..." October
1919 - “Song of the Ryazan peasant.” October
1920 - “The weapon of the Entente is money...”. July
1920 - “If you live in disarray, as the Makhnovists want...” July
1920 - “A story about bagels and a woman who does not recognize the republic.” August
1920 - “Red Hedgehog”
1920 - “Attitude towards the young lady”
1920 - “Vladimir Ilyich”
1920 - " An Extraordinary Adventure, who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha"
1920 - “The story about how the godfather talked about Wrangel without any intelligence”
1920 - “Heine-shaped”
1920 - “A third of the cigarette case went into the grass...”
1920 - “The Last Page of the Civil War”
1920 - “About rubbish”
1921 - “Two not quite ordinary cases”
1921 - “A poem about Myasnitskaya, about a woman and about an all-Russian scale”
1921 - “Order No. 2 of the Army of Arts”
1922 - “The Satisfied Ones”
1922 - “Bastards!”
1922 - “Bureaucracy”
1922 - “My speech at the Genoa conference”
1922 - “Germany”
1923 - “About poets”
1923 - “On “fiascoes”, “apogees” and other unknown things”
1923 - “Paris”
1923 - “Newspaper Day”
1923 - “We don’t believe!”
1923 - “Trusts”
1923 - “April 17”
1923 - “Spring Question”
1923 - “Universal Answer”
1923 - “Vorovsky”
1923 - “Baku”
1923 - “Young Guard”
1923 - “Norderney”
1923 - “Moscow-Koenigsberg”. 6 September
1923 - “Kyiv”
1924 - “January 9th”
1924 - “Be ready!”
1924 - “Bourgeois, - say goodbye to pleasant days - we’ll finally finish with hard money”
1924 - “Vladikavkaz - Tiflis”
1924 - “Two Berlins”
1924 - “Diplomatic”
1924 - “The roar of uprisings, multiplied by echoes”
1924 - “Hello!”
1924 - “Kyiv”
1924 - “Komsomolskaya”
1924 - “Little Difference” (“In Europe...”)
1924 - “To the Rescue”
1924 - “Every little thing is accounted for”
1924 - “Let's laugh!”
1924 - “Proletarian, nip the war in the bud!”
1924 - “I protest!”
1924 - “Keep your hands off China!”
1924 - “Sevastopol - Yalta”
1924 - “Selkor”
1924 - “Tamara and the Demon”
1924 - “Sound money is solid ground for the bond between the peasant and the worker”
1924 - “Wow, and fun!”
1924 - “Hooliganism”
1924 - “Jubilee”
1925 - “That’s what a man needs a plane for”
1925 - “Drag out the future!”
1925 - “Give me the engine!”
1925 - “Two Mays”
1925 - “Red Envy”
1925 - "May"
1925 - “A little utopia about how the metro will go”
1925 - “O. D.V.F.”
1925 - “Rabkor” (“He will write “The Keys of Happiness” ...”)
1925 - “Rabkor (“Having broken through the mountains of illiteracy with my forehead...”)
1925 - “Third Front”
1925 - “Flag”
1925 - “Yalta - Novorossiysk”
1926 - “To Sergei Yesenin”
1926 - “Marxism is a weapon...” April 19
1926 - “Four-story hack”
1926 - “Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry”
1926 - “Advanced Front”
1926 - “Bribery takers”
1926 - “On the Agenda”
1926 - “Protection”
1926 - “Love”
1926 - “Message to proletarian poets”
1926 - “Factory of Bureaucrats”
1926 - “To Comrade Nette” July 15
1926 - “Terrifying Familiarity”
1926 - “Office Habits”
1926 - “Hooligan”
1926 - “Conversation at the Odessa landing craft raid”
1926 - “Letter from the writer Mayakovsky to the writer Gorky”
1926 - “Debt to Ukraine”
1926 - “October”
1927 - “Stabilization of life”
1927 - “Paper Horrors”
1927 - “To Our Youth”
1927 - “Through the Cities of the Union”
1927 - “My speech at the show trial on the occasion of a possible scandal with the lectures of Professor Shengeli”
1927 - “What did they fight for?”
1927 - “You Give an Elegant Life”
1927 - “Instead of an Ode”
1927 - “Best verse”
1927 - “Lenin is with us!”
1927 - “Spring”
1927 - “Careful March”
1927 - “Venus de Milo and Vyacheslav Polonsky”
1927 - “Mr. People’s Artist”
1927 - “Well, well!”
1927 - “A General Guide for Beginning Sneaks”
1927 - “Crimea”
1927 - “Comrade Ivanov”
1927 - “We’ll see for ourselves, we’ll show them”
1927 - “Ivan Ivan Honorarchikov”
1927 - “Miracles”
1927 - “Marusya got poisoned”
1927 - “Letter to Molchanov’s beloved, abandoned by him”
1927 - “The masses do not understand”
1928 - “Without a rudder and without a twirl”
1928 - “Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk”
1928 - “The story of foundry worker Ivan Kozyrev about moving into a new painting”
1928 - “Emperor”
1928 - “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”
1929 - “Conversation with Comrade Lenin”
1929 - “Perekop enthusiasm”
1929 - “Gloomy about humorists”
1929 - “Harvest March”
1929 - “Soul of Society”
1929 - “Party Candidate”
1929 - “Stab Self-Criticism”
1929 - “Everything is calm in the West”
1929 - “Parisian”
1929 - “Beauties”
1929 - “Poems about the Soviet passport”
1929 - “The Americans Are Surprised”
1929 - “An example not worthy of imitation”
1929 - “Bird of God”
1929 - “Poems about Thomas”
1929 - “I'm happy”
1929 - “Khrenov’s story about Kuznetskstroy and the people of Kuznetsk”
1929 - “Minority Report”
1929 - “Give me the material base”
1929 - "The Trouble Lovers"
1930 - “Already the second. You must have gone to bed..."
1930 - “March of Shock Brigades”
1930 - “Leninists”

Russian poet, playwright and satirist, screenwriter and editor of several magazines, film director and actor. He is one of the greatest futurist poets of the twentieth century.
Date and place of birth – July 19, 1893, Baghdati, Kutaisi province, Russian Empire.

Today we will tell you about the life of Mayakovsky using facts.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Bagdati, Kutaisi province (in Soviet time the village was called Mayakovsky) in Georgia, in the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdat forestry.

I want to be understood by my native country,
but I won’t be understood -
Well?!
By home country
I'll pass by
How's it going?
slanting rain.

The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from a family of Kuban Cossacks, was born in Kuban, in the village of Ternovskaya.

The future poet had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949), and two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).

Could you?

I immediately blurred the map of everyday life,
splashing paint from a glass;
I showed the jelly on the dish
slanting cheekbones of the ocean.
On the scales of a tin fish
I read the calls of new lips.
And you
play nocturne
we could
on the drainpipe flute?

Many streets in cities of Russia and other countries are named after Mayakovsky: Berlin, Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Izhevsk, Kaliningrad, Kislovodsk, Kiev, Kutaisi, Minsk, Moscow, Odessa, Penza, Perm, Ruzaevka, Samara, St. Petersburg, Tbilisi, Tuapse, Grozny, Ufa, Khmelnitsky.

In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian. He took part in a revolutionary demonstration and read propaganda brochures.

To you!

To you, who live behind the orgy orgy,
having a bathroom and a warm closet!
Shame on you about those presented to George
read from newspaper columns?

Do you know, many mediocre,
those who think it’s better to get drunk how -
maybe now the leg bomb
tore Petrov's lieutenant away?..

If he is brought to slaughter,
suddenly I saw, wounded,
how you have a lip smeared in a cutlet
lustfully humming the Northerner!

Is it for you, who love women and dishes,
give your life for pleasure?!
I'd rather be at the bar... I'll be
serve pineapple water!

In February 1906, his father died of blood poisoning after pricking his finger with a needle while stitching papers. Since then, Mayakovsky could not stand pins and hairpins, and bacteriophobia remained a lifelong one.

In July 1906, Mayakovsky, together with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium.

The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.

The minor planet (2931) Mayakovsky, discovered on October 16, 1969 by L. I. Chernykh, was named in honor of Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Conclusion

Love won't wash away
no quarrel
not a mile.
Thought out
verified
verified.
Raising solemnly the stock-fingered verse,
I swear -
I love
unchanged and true!

Three times throughout his life Mayakovsky was arrested.

I always carried a soap dish with me and washed my hands regularly.

During his life, Mayakovsky visited not only Europe, but also America.

It came out stilted and tearful. Something like:

The forests dressed in gold and purple,
The sun played on the heads of the churches.
I waited: but the days were lost in the months,
Hundreds of tedious days.

I filled a whole notebook with this. Thanks to the guards - they took me away when I left. Otherwise I would have printed it!

- “I myself” (1922-1928)

Mayakovsky liked to play billiards and cards, which suggests his love of gambling.

In 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky shot himself, having written a suicide note 2 days earlier.

In 1911, the poet’s friend, bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to take up painting.

Who to be?

My years are getting older
will be seventeen.
Where should I work then?
what to do?
Required workers -
joiners and carpenters!
It's tricky to work furniture:
at first
We
take a log
and sawing boards
long and flat.
These boards
like this
clamps
workbench table
From work
saw
glowed white hot.
From under the file
sawdust is falling.
Plane
in hand -
different work:
knots, squiggles
planing with a plane.
Good shavings -
yellow toys.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky starred in several films.

On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky’s first public performance took place in the artistic basement “Stray Dog”.

The steamship, which sank in Riga in 1950, was named after Mayakovsky.

Mayakovsky gave Liliya Brik a ring with the engraving “Lyub”, which meant “I love you”.

Giveaway

Do I entangle a woman in a touching romance,
I just look at the passerby -
everyone carefully holds their pocket.
Funny!
From the poor -
what to cheat from them?

How many years will pass, they will find out for now -
candidate for a fathom of the city morgue –
I
infinitely richer
than any Pierpont Morgan.

After so many, so many years
- in a word, I won’t survive -
I'll die of hunger,
I'll stand under the gun -
me,
today's redhead,
professors will learn to the last iota,
How,
When,
where it appears.

Will
from the pulpit a big-faced idiot
grind something about the god-devil.

The crowd will bow
fawning,
vain.
You won't even know -
I'm not myself:
she will paint a bald head
into horns or radiance.

Every student
before you lie down,
she
will not forget to be transfixed by my poems.
I'm a pessimist
I know -
forever
the student will live on earth.

Listen:

everything that my soul owns,
- and her wealth, go and kill her! –
splendor,
what will decorate my step for eternity
and my very immortality,
which, thundering through all centuries,
a world meeting will gather the kneeling,
do you want all this? –
I'll give it back now
for just one word
affectionate,
human.

People!

Dusting the avenues, trampling the rye,
go from all over the earth.
Today
in Petrograd
on Nadezhdinskaya
not for a penny
The most precious crown is for sale.

For a human word -
isn't it cheap?
Go ahead
try,-
how come
you will find him!

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky always gave money to needy old people.

Mayakovsky really liked dogs.

School No. 1 in the city of Jermuk (Armenia) was named in honor of Mayakovsky.

I love

Usually like this

Love is given to anyone born, -
but between services,
income
and other things
from day to day
the soil of the heart hardens.
The body is put on the heart,
on the body - a shirt.
But this is not enough!
One -
idiot!-
made the cuffs
and my breasts began to be filled with starch.
They will come to their senses in old age.
The woman rubs herself.
A man is waving a windmill at Müller.
But it's too late.
The skin multiplies with wrinkles.
Love will bloom
will bloom -
and shrinks.

As a boy

I was moderately gifted with love.
But since childhood
people
laboriously trained.

In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem “A Cloud in Pants”. After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem “War Has Been Declared” was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this as political unreliability. Soon Mayakovsky expressed his attitude towards serving in the tsarist army in the poem “To you!”, which later became a song.

Mayakovsky usually composed poetry on the go. Sometimes he had to walk 15-20 km to come up with the right rhyme.

You

Came -
businesslike,
behind the roar,
for growth,
looking at
I just saw a boy.
I took it
took my heart
and just
went to play -
like a girl with a ball.
And each -
a miracle seems to be seen -
where the lady dug in,
where is the girl?
“To love someone like that?
Yes, this one will rush!
Must be a tamer.
Must be from the menagerie!”
And I rejoice.
He is not here -
yoke!
I can’t remember myself from joy,
galloped
jumped like a wedding Indian,
it was so fun
it was easy for me.

In 1937, the Mayakovsky Library-Museum was opened in Moscow (formerly Gendrikov Lane, now Mayakovsky Lane). In January 1974, the State Mayakovsky Museum was opened in Moscow (on Bolshaya Lubyanka). In 2013, the main building of the museum was closed for reconstruction, but exhibitions are still held.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was considered an accomplice in the anti-religious campaign, where he promoted atheism.

In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under the patronage of Maxim Gorky, served in Petrograd at the Automotive Training School. Soldiers were not allowed to publish, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Spine Flute” and “Cloud in Pants” for 50 kopecks per line and published them.

For the creation of the "ladder". Many other poets accused Mayakovsky of cheating.

In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts. In August 1917, he decided to write "Mystery Bouffe", which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged for the anniversary of the revolution.

Mayakovsky had unrequited love in Paris to the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovlevna.

On December 17, 1918, the poet first read the poem “Left March” from the stage of the Matrossky Theater. In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began actively collaborating with ROSTA (1919-1921), and designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“Windows of ROSTA”).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had a daughter from Russian emigrant Elizaveta Siebert, who died in 2016.

In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions.

Mayakovsky was considered an ardent supporter of the revolution, even though he defended socialist and communist ideals.

In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip across America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City and for three months spoke in various cities of the United States, reading poems and reports.

Over the years of his life, Mayakovsky tried himself as a designer.

Mayakovsky's works have been translated into different languages of the world.

Me and Napoleon

I live on Bolshaya Presnya,
36, 24.
The place is calm.
Quiet.
Well?
It seems - what do I care?
that somewhere
in the storm-world
took it and invented a war?

Night has come.
Good.
Insinuating.
And why are some young ladies
trembling, timidly turning
huge eyes, like spotlights?
Street crowds to heavenly moisture
fell with burning lips,
and the city, fraying its flag-like little hands,
prays and prays with red crosses.
The bare-haired church of the boulevard
headboard.

Mayakovsky's main needs were travel.

In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore inconvenient. In the works he wrote in the late 1920s, tragic motifs began to appear. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler” and not the “proletarian writer” that he wanted to see himself.

Mayakovsky and Liliya Brik never hid their relationship, and Liliya’s husband was not against this outcome of events.

In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of “Moscow is Burning” based on Mayakovsky’s play; the dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.

Major publications began publishing Mayakovsky's works only in 1922.

Tatyana Yakovleva, another beloved woman of Mayakovsky, was 15 years younger than him.

Despite his close communication with Lilya Brik, Mayakovsky’s personal life was not limited to her. According to evidence and materials collected in documentary film Channel One "The Third Extra", which premiered on the 120th anniversary of the poet on July 20, 2013, Mayakovsky is the father of the Soviet sculptor Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky (1921-1986).

Mayakovsky studied in the same class with Pasternak's brother.

In 1926, Mayakovsky received an apartment in Gendrikov Lane, in which the three of them lived with the Briks until 1930 (now Mayakovsky Lane, 15/13).

In 1927, the film “The Third Meshchanskaya” (“Love for Three”), directed by Abram Room, was released. The script was written by Viktor Shklovsky, taking as a basis the well-known “threesome love” between Mayakovsky and the Briks.

The year 1930 started poorly for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe. There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and state leaders, as the poet had hoped for. The premiere of the play “Bathhouse” was unsuccessful in March, and the play “The Bedbug” was also expected to fail.

Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers at the Polytechnic Institute, which was attended mainly by Komsomol members; There were many unflattering shouts from the seats. The poet was haunted by quarrels and scandals everywhere. His mental condition became increasingly unstable.

Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had for work a small boat-like room on the fourth floor of a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now this is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 p.4). The suicide took place in this room.

Source-Internet

The fatal shot, which the poet’s last affection, Veronica Polonskaya, heard while leaving the room on Lubyanka, sounded on April 14, 1930...

The death of Mayakovsky in the thirty-seventh year of his life raised many questions among his contemporaries. Why did a genius, beloved by the people and Soviet power"singer of the revolution"?

There is no doubt that it was suicide. The results of an examination carried out by criminologists 60 years after the death of the poet confirmed that Mayakovsky shot himself. established the authenticity of what was written two days earlier. The very fact that the note was drawn up in advance speaks in favor of the thoughtfulness of this act.

When Yesenin passed away three years earlier, Mayakovsky writes: “It is not difficult to die in this life.
Make life much more difficult." With these lines, he puts a bitter assessment on escaping reality through suicide. About his own death, he writes: “... this is not the way... but I have no choice.”

We will never know the exact answer to the question of what broke the poet so much. But Mayakovsky's voluntary death can be partly explained by the events preceding his death. In part, the poet’s choice reveals his work. The famous lines from the poem “Man”, written in 1917: “And the heart is longing for a shot, and the throat is raving with a razor...” speak for themselves.

In general, Mayakovsky's poetry is a mirror of his nervous, contradictory nature. His poems are full of either almost teenage delight and enthusiasm, or bile and bitterness of disappointment. This is how Vladimir Mayakovsky was described by his contemporaries. The same main witness to the poet’s suicide writes in her memoirs: “In general, he always had extremes. I don’t remember Mayakovsky... calm...".

Reasons to fail the last line the poet had many. Married Lilya Brik, main love and Mayakovsky’s muse, all his life came closer and further away from him, but never belonged to him entirely. Long before the tragedy, the poet had already flirted with his fate twice, and the reason for this was his all-encompassing passion for this woman. But then Mayakovsky, whose death still worries minds, remained alive - the weapon misfired.

Started serious problems with health due to overwork and severe flu, the deafening failure of the play “Bathhouse” in March 1930, the separation from which the poet asked to become his wife... All these life collisions, indeed, blow by blow, seemed to be preparing Mayakovsky’s death. Kneeling in front of Veronica Polonskaya, persuading her to stay with him, the poet clung to the relationship with her like a saving straw. But the actress was not ready for such a decisive step as divorcing her husband... When the door closed behind her, a revolver with a single bullet in the clip put an end to the life of one of the greatest poets.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born July 7(19), 1893 in the village Baghdadi (now the village of Mayakovski) near Kutaisi, Georgia. Father - forester, Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky ( 1857-1906 ), mother - Alexandra Alekseevna, nee Pavlenko ( 1867-1954 ).

In 1902-1906. Mayakovsky studies at the Kutaisi gymnasium. In 1905 participates in demonstrations and a school strike. In July 1906, after sudden death father, the family moves to Moscow. Mayakovsky enters the 4th grade of the 5th classical gymnasium. Meets Bolshevik students; is interested in Marxist literature; entrusts the first party assignments. In 1908 joins the Bolshevik Party. Was arrested three times - in 1908 and twice in 1909; last arrest in connection with the escape of political prisoners from Novinskaya prison. Imprisonment in Butyrka prison. A notebook of poems written in prison ( 1909 ), selected by the guards and not yet found, Mayakovsky considered the beginning literary work. Released from prison due to being a minor ( 1910 ), he decides to devote himself to art and continue his studies. In 1911 Mayakovsky accepted into Moscow School painting, sculpture and architecture. Autumn 1911 he meets D. Burliuk, the organizer of a group of Russian futurists, and becomes close to him in a common sense of dissatisfaction with the academic routine. At the end December 1912- Mayakovsky’s poetic debut: the poems “Night” and “Morning” in the almanac “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste” (where Mayakovsky signed the collective manifesto of the Cubo-Futurists of the same name).

Mayakovsky goes on an attack on the aesthetics and poetics of symbolism and acmeism, but in his quest he critically masters art world such masters as A. Bely “breaks out” from the “fascinating lines” of A. Blok, whose work for Mayakovsky is “an entire poetic era.”

Mayakovsky entered the circle of Cube-Futurists with a rapidly growing tragic-protesting theme in him, essentially going back to the humanistic tradition of Russian classics, contrary to the nihilistic declarations of the Futurists. From urban sketches to catastrophic insights the poet’s thoughts about the madness of the possessive world grow (“From street to street,” 1912 ; “Hell of the City”, “Here!”, 1913 ). "I!" - the title of Mayakovsky's first book ( 1913 ) - was synonymous with the poet’s pain and indignation. For participation in public performances Mayakovsky in 1914 was expelled from the School.

First World War met by Mayakovsky contradictorily. The poet cannot help but feel disgust for war (“War has been declared”, “Mother and the evening killed by the Germans”, 1914 ), but for some time he was characterized by the illusion of the renewal of humanity, art through war. Soon Mayakovsky comes to the realization of war as an element of senseless destruction.

In 1914 Mayakovsky met M. Gorky for the first time. In 1915-1919 lives in Petrograd. In 1915 Mayakovsky meets L.Yu. and O.M. Bricks. Many of Mayakovsky’s works are dedicated to Lilia Brik. WITH new strength he writes about love, which, the more enormous, the more incompatible with the horror of wars, violence and petty feelings (poem “Spine Flute”, 1915 and etc.).

Gorky invites Mayakovsky to collaborate in the journal “Chronicle” and the newspaper “ New life"; helps the poet in the publication of the second collection of his poems, “Simple as Mooing,” published by the Parus publishing house ( 1916 ). The dream of a harmonious person in a world without wars and oppression found a unique expression in Mayakovsky’s poem “War and Peace” (written in 1915-1916 ; separate edition - 1917 ). The writer creates a gigantic anti-war panorama; in his imagination a utopian extravaganza of universal happiness unfolds.

In 1915-1917 Mayakovsky is serving his military service at the Petrograd driving school. Takes part in February Revolution 1917 of the year. In August he leaves Novaya Zhizn.

October Revolution opened new horizons for V. Mayakovsky. She became the second birth of the poet. For the first anniversary of the October Revolution, it was staged at the Musical Drama Theater, conceived back in August 1917 the play “Mystery-bouffe” (production by V. Meyerhold, with whom Mayakovsky until the end of his life was associated with the creative search for a theater in tune with the revolution).

Mayakovsky associates his innovative ideas with “leftist art”; he strives to unite the futurists in the name of democratization of art (speeches in the “Futurist Newspaper”, “Order for the Army of Art”, 1918 ; is a member of the group of futurist communists (“comfuts”) who published the newspaper “Art of the Commune”).

In March 1919 Mayakovsky moves to Moscow, where his collaboration with ROSTA began in October. Mayakovsky’s inherent need for mass propaganda activity found satisfaction in the artistic and poetic work on the “Windows of GROWTH” posters.

In 1922-1924. Mayakovsky makes his first trips abroad (Riga, Berlin, Paris, etc.). His series of essays about Paris is “Paris. (Notes of Ludogus)", "Seven-day review French painting" and etc. ( 1922-1923 ), which captured Mayakovsky’s artistic sympathies (in particular, he notes global significance P. Picasso), and poetry (“How does a democratic republic work?”, 1922 ; "Germany", 1922-1923 ; "Paris. (Conversations with the Eiffel Tower)", 1923 ) were Mayakovsky’s approach to a foreign theme.

Transition to peaceful life is interpreted by Mayakovsky as an internally significant event that makes one think about the spiritual values of the future person (the unfinished utopia “The Fifth International”, 1922 ). The poem “About This” becomes a poetic catharsis ( December 1922 – February 1923) with its theme of purification lyrical hero, which through the phantasmagoria of philistinism carries the indestructible ideal of the human and breaks through into the future. The poem was first published in the first issue of the magazine "LEF" ( 1923-1925 ), the editor-in-chief of which is Mayakovsky, who headed the literary group LEF ( 1922-1928 ) and decided to rally “leftist forces” around the magazine (articles “What is Lef fighting for?”, “Who is Lef biting into?”, “Who is Lef warning?”, 1923 ).

In November 1924 Mayakovsky goes to Paris (later he visited Paris 1925, 1927, 1928 and 1929). He visited Latvia, Germany, France, Czechoslovakia, America, Poland. By discovering new countries, he enriched his own poetic “continent”. In the lyrical cycle "Paris" ( 1924-1925 ) Lef's irony of Mayakovsky is defeated by the beauty of Paris. The contrast of beauty with emptiness, humiliation, and ruthless exploitation is the naked nerve of poems about Paris (“Beauties,” “Parisian Woman,” 1929 , and etc.). The image of Paris bears a reflection of Mayakovsky’s “community-love” (“Letter to Comrade Kostrov from Paris about the essence of love”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”, 1928 ). The central theme of Mayakovsky’s foreign theme is the American cycle of poems and essays ( 1925-1926 ), written during and shortly after a trip to America (Mexico, Cuba, USA, 2nd half 1925 ).

In verse 1926-1927. and later ones (up to the poem “At the top of my voice”), Mayakovsky’s position in art was revealed at a new stage. Ridiculing Rapp's vulgarizers with their claim to a literary monopoly, Mayakovsky convinces proletarian writers to unite in poetic work in the name of the future (“Message to Proletarian Poets,” 1926; previously article “Lef and MAPP”, 1923 ). News of S. Yesenin's suicide ( December 27, 1925) sharpens thoughts about the fate and calling of true poetry, evokes grief over the death of a “ringing” talent, anger against rotten decadence and invigorating dogmatism (“To Sergei Yesenin,” 1926 ).

Late 1920s Mayakovsky again turns to drama. His plays "The Bedbug" ( 1928 , 1st post. – 1929 ) and "Bath" ( 1929 , 1st post. – 1930 ) written for the Meyerhold Theater. They combine satirical image reality 1920s with the development of Mayakovsky’s favorite motif - resurrection and travel to the future. Meyerhold very highly appreciated the satirical talent of Mayakovsky the playwright, comparing him in the power of irony with Moliere. However, critics received the plays, especially “Bath,” extremely unkindly. And, if in “The Bedbug” people, as a rule, saw artistic shortcomings and artificiality, then they made claims of an ideological nature against “Bath” - they talked about exaggerating the danger of bureaucracy, the problem of which does not exist in the USSR, etc. Harsh articles against Mayakovsky appeared in newspapers, even under the heading “Down with Mayakovism!” In February 1930 Having left the Ref (Revolutionary Front [of the Arts], a group formed from the remnants of Lef), Mayakovsky joined RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), where he was immediately attacked for his “fellow travelerism.” In March 1930 Mayakovsky organized a retrospective exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which presented all areas of his activity. (The 20-year sentence was apparently counted from the writing of the first poems in prison.) The exhibition was ignored and party leadership, And former colleagues according to Lef/Ref. One of many circumstances: the failure of the exhibition “20 years of work”; the failure of the performance of the play “Bath” at the Meyerhold Theater, prepared by devastating articles in the press; friction with other members of RAPP; the danger of losing your voice, which would make public speaking impossible; failures in personal life (the love boat crashed into everyday life - “Unfinished”, 1930 ), or their confluence, became the reason that April 14, 1930 of the year Mayakovsky committed suicide. In many works (“Spine Flute”, “Man”, “About This”) Mayakovsky touches on the topic of suicide of the lyrical hero or his double; After his death, these themes were appropriately reinterpreted by readers. Soon after Mayakovsky's death, with the active participation of RAPP members, his work was under an unspoken ban, his works were practically not published. The situation has changed in 1936, when Stalin, in a resolution to L. Brik’s letter asking for assistance in preserving the memory of Mayakovsky, publishing the poet’s works, organizing his museum, called Mayakovsky “the best talented poet of our Soviet era" Mayakovsky was practically the only representative of the artistic avant-garde of the early 20th century, whose works remained accessible to a wide audience throughout the Soviet period.

Vladimir Vladimirovich
Mayakovsky

Born on July 7, 1893 in one of the Georgian villages - Baghdati. The Mayakovsky family was classified as foresters; in addition to their son Vladimir, there were two more sisters in their family, and two brothers died at an early age.
Vladimir Mayakovsky received his primary education at the Kutaisi gymnasium, where he studied since 1902. In 1906, Mayakovsky and his family moved to Moscow, where his path to education continued at gymnasium No. 5. But, due to the inability to pay for his studies at the gymnasium, Mayakovsky was expelled.
The beginning of the revolution did not leave Vladimir Vladimirovich aside. After being expelled from the gymnasium, he joins the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Party).
After active work in the party, in 1909 Mayakovsky was arrested, where he wrote his first poem. Already in 1911, Mayakovsky continued his education and entered the painting school in Moscow. There he was ardently interested in the work of the futurists.
For Vladimir Mayakovsky, 1912 was the year his creative life began. It was at this time that his first poetic work, “Night,” was published. The following year, 1913, the poet and writer created the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky,” which he himself directed and in which he played the main role.
Vladimir Mayakovsky's famous poem “A Cloud in Pants” was completed in 1915. Mayakovsky's further work, in addition to anti-war themes, contains satirical motifs.
A proper place in Vladimir Vladimirovich’s creative path is given to writing scripts for films. So, in 1918 he starred in 3 of his films.
The following year, 1919, was marked for Mayakovsky by the popularization of the theme of revolution. This year, Mayakovsky took an active part in the creation of posters “Windows of Satire ROSTA”.
Vladimir Mayakovsky is the author creative association“Left Front of the Arts”, in which after a while he began to work as an editor. This magazine published works famous writers of that time: Osip Brik, Pasternak, Arvatov, Tretyakov and others.
Since 1922, Vladimir Mayakovsky has been traveling around the world, visiting Latvia, France, Germany, the USA, Havana and Mexico.
It was while traveling that Mayakovsky gave birth to a daughter from an affair with a Russian emigrant.
The largest and true love Mayakovsky was Liliya Brik. Vladimir was close friends with her husband, and then Mayakovsky moved to live in their apartment, where a stormy romance with Lilia began. Lilia's husband, Osip, practically lost her to Mayakovsky.
Mayakovsky did not officially register any of his relationships, although he was extremely popular among women. It is known that in addition to his daughter, Mayakovsky has a son.
In the early 30s, Mayakovsky’s health suffered greatly, and then a series of failures awaited him: the exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of his work was doomed to failure, and the premieres of “The Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” did not take place. State of mind Vladimir Vladimirovich left much to be desired.
Thus, gradual depression of the state and mental health, On April 14, 1930, the poet’s soul could not stand it and Mayakovsky shot himself.
Many objects are named in his honor: libraries, streets, metro stations, parks, cinemas and squares.