Nekrasov's estate. State Literary-Memorial Museum-Reserve N

March 18th, 2017

26.07.2016
Karabikha is the third Nekrasov museum that I was lucky enough to visit. And if I visited Chudovskaya Luka before I started maintaining a furniture blog and photographing furniture for it, then I came twice and took plenty of pictures there. So now we have the opportunity to trace some parallels in Nekrasov's interiors.

I invite you to go to the Big House.

Wardrobe
Meets us in the dressing room hanger, or wardrobe rack, a design typical of the 19th century (we met similar hangers and Let me remind you that the protruding crossbar combines two utilitarian functions. Firstly, it is a barrier for canes. Secondly, it is an additional support that prevents the hanger from tipping over under the weight of numerous coats.

Remembering the story of what a large number of At the same time, Nekrasov had visitors in his St. Petersburg apartment, and comparing with the Karabikha version, I caught myself thinking that the hanger presented in the apartment’s exposition could not ensure the reception of guests.
Well, judge for yourself. This is hanger from the reception in St. Petersburg.

And we take off our outerwear and shoes, leave everything in the dressing room and go through the ajar door of the office.

The office of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov
We are in the room that served first as an office for Nikolai Alekseevich, and later for his brother Fyodor.
The poet's workplace is hidden here, as it were. Indeed, the first thing you pay attention to when entering the office is the open door leading to the balcony. You remember the appearance of the house, and it becomes clear that the office is the central room of the second floor.
There are steam rooms to the left and right of the door. dressing table with three-part mirrored canvases and console shelves. The appearance of the dressing table is eclectic, and in the carved decoration of the framing of the upper oval mirrors, asymmetrical details typical of the Rococo style are visible.

And only then the gaze rushes to the left, into the corner where the workplace poet. But again, our attention is diverted from the furniture. It is pulled over by a picturesque image of a horse's head (N. E. Sverchkov, 1856, copy). A wonderful, expressive portrait.
And only now we have to consider three memorial pieces of furniture that belonged to Nekrasov, were previously in his St. Petersburg apartment, and after the death of the poet were transported by his brother to Karabikha.

The first memorial is two-pedestal desk from Karelian birch (N. Shtange, St. Petersburg, 1860s). Pedestals are, on the one hand, solid, and on the other - openwork structures. In each of the cabinets, three small drawers are combined with turned legs, which are additionally reinforced with H-shaped prongs. The tabletop is covered with red cloth. Interestingly, the beautiful material itself, which has a unique and very decorative pattern - Karelian birch - is hidden under layers of black lacquer. The decorativeness of the table, in addition to chiseled legs, is given by a flat carving made in the style of Russian patterning.

The second memorial armchair Nekrasov (unknown master, North-West Russia, 1860s). The seat, a rectangular insert in the back and pads on the elbows are soft, upholstered in morocco. Let me remind you that morocco is goat skin, perfectly dressed, with an impeccable front surface, usually dyed in one of bright colors. The lower edge of the seat has a bright red fringe. It can be assumed that earlier it was better suited to the color of morocco, which could burn out, fade from time and from use. In the wooden frame of the chair, the same motifs are visible as in the chiseled elements of the table, but unlike the table, the legs of the chair are curved. Like the table, the wooden parts of the chair are covered with black lacquer.

Finally, the third memorial. This is paper waste bin(unknown master, North-West Russia, 1860s). The style of the basket is eclectic. So, the octagonal shape can refer us to the Moorish style. On the other hand, each side is a plate with a carved (on a fabric background) wooden decor in the form of a two-headed griffin holding a coat of arms with the initials "НН" in the center.

I will take the liberty of putting forward an unscientific version explaining the possible connection between griffins and initials - with the name of Nekrasov. The basket could be made to order according to a typical project for the master (let's call it the design with griffins). At the same time, the initials of the customer, that is, HH, could be inscribed in the carved pattern.

And again, mentally returning to St. Petersburg, I catch myself on two considerations.
Take a look at what Nekrasov's workplace looks like in his St. Petersburg office. Firstly, we immediately draw attention to significant stylistic differences between the furniture of Karabikha and St. Petersburg. The differences in design are also great: in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov used desk - bureau and, perhaps, chair with curved frame back and rounded seat with wicker insert.

But that's okay. But what about the fact that museum workers both in St. Petersburg and in Karabikha are proud of the fact that they are dealing with Nekrasov's memorial desks, which come from a St. Petersburg apartment? This is second.

There is nothing left to do but to believe in both.

But let's continue the inspection of the office. Before us is the author's copy of the portrait of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov by I. N. Kramskoy (St. Petersburg, 1877).
The portrait is the center of a symmetrical composition, attracting a large number of photographs and uniting two closet with the Nekrasov library.

The cabinets are exceptionally picturesque. The lower, deaf parts of the doors are unusually textured panels. Here are convex vases with lush bouquets of flowers, and vegetable garlands, and carvings of various patterns along the contour of the panel, and decoratively worked corner "linings", and cartouches.

A square vase-urn, standing on a square pedestal, is placed in the break of the semicircular pediment that adorns the upper part of the cupboards. An endlessly winding vegetative carving is laid along the frieze.

And again I want to draw a parallel with the situation in the St. Petersburg apartment of the poet.
Let's remember what a fragment of the interior of the editorial reception looks like, and immediately note the role of carved decor in decorating Nekrasov's bookstores. cabinets. These are not ordinary Tolstoy bookcases from Yasnaya Polyana.

In the corner of the office there is a recreation area for drinking tea and reading newspapers.

Let's pay attention to chairs. Their seats are made in the straw weaving technique (the straw is probably brand new), and the backs are decorated in the Windsor style.

A distant relative of such chairs is also available in St. Petersburg.
He stands alone in the spacious hall next to the Boolean pedestal.

We complete the inspection of the office with a look at the chandelier, which we send to the twenty-eighth

The history of the Big House is closely intertwined with the fate of not only Nikolai Alekseevich, but also his brother Fyodor. So do not be surprised by the name of the next room.

Bedroom of Fyodor Alekseevich Nekrasov
As I have repeatedly noted, the interiors of bedrooms are rarely recreated in museum expositions, and the bed in museums is one of the rarest pieces of furniture.
And now in the men's bedroom there is a women's dressing table, or dressing table(1830s). In order to resolve a possible cognitive contradiction, I will add that the thing before us is not memorial, but typological. Let's take a closer look at the table.

From the chest of drawers, the table got two wide drawers with a stepped depth (for the convenience of sitting) in the middle. From the dressing table - a mirror in a rectangular frame with two racks on the sides (probably for additional candles). The mirror rises on a superstructure with boxes for jewelry, called in the world of Italian furniture by the word alzata. The shape of the drawers of the superstructure follows the shape of the chest of drawers.

But there is also a Nekrasov memorial in the bedroom. This is table(1880-1900), previously used in the dining room as a snack bar, and now adapted as a showcase.

I dare to guess that top part countertops - a remake (showcase cover), and Bottom part, with carved decor around the perimeter - a historical underframe. The rhythm of the vertical elements of the carving is repeated in the balustrade with which the H-shaped foot is decorated, and the shape of the small balusters repeats the shape of the large turned legs.

The chandelier, as it should be in the bedroom, is small, neat, giving a subdued light.

From the bedroom we pass into the hunting hall. We are moving along the L-shaped corridor, in which such a chandelier hangs.

hunting hall
The appropriate mood of the hall is given by the attributes of hunting life, such as: a hunting bag, a horn, stuffed birds and horns of hunted animals, images of various scenes and

actual guns. These guns, along with

wall clocks were bought by Nekrasov and donated to peasant hunters.

The rest of the objects in the hall are typological, for example chest bag in a combined wooden and metal braid, the sides of which are modestly and even timidly decorated with two painted contour lines different thickness.

Resting on a chest traffic bureau, or travel secretary, mahogany (first quarter XIX in.). Its construction is so complicated that I will allow myself a detailed quote from the museum description of this item.
“The lid leans back on metal brackets. The tablet under the folding board is hinged with brass locks. The box is decomposed into two parts with beveled side walls connected by two brass hinges. In the side walls of the front part there are grooves for a board with cloth, which is locked with a brass plate. The second part has an internal pull-out drawer with numerous compartments for stationery. Under it is a removable board with a compartment for papers. The secretary is locked with an internal metal lock.

A similar but much simpler secretary met me in Gatchina.

Chandelier from the hunting hall.

Office of Natalia Pavlovna Nekrasova
From a purely masculine premise, we find ourselves in an exclusively female premise, which at one time was occupied by the wife of Fyodor Alekseevich, Natalya Pavlovna.
Three objects indicate to us that the mistress of the room is a lady. The first of them is the Singer brand sewing machine, which even looks airy from a distance.

The second is a miniature, elegant, very neat lady's desk(end of the 19th century).

On refined, pointed downwards legs; with a red pad - a footrest built into the central proleg; with a small fence on the back side, in the corners of which there are original candlesticks.
The table is authentic, belonged to the Nekrasov family.

The third item is a chandelier with an openwork lampshade.

Bedroom of Natalia Pavlovna Nekrasova
An alcove for placing a bed in it is decorated with four columns and occupies almost most of the space. But the absence of the bed itself in the room once again confirms my sleeping theory.
Nevertheless, we will be rewarded with the opportunity to see the real things of the Nekrasov family.

In the depths of the alcove - memorial dressing table(mid-nineteenth century).

And in the outlines of the elements of the table as a whole, and in the lines of its decor - everything has an oval shape with a narrowed waist. Whether it's a mirror, or a countertop, or the contours of an overhead carving on the doors of the cabinets. Some elements of the table are zoomorphic, for example shelves for candles stylized as seahorses or heavy support legs resembling animal paws.

The attentive reader will notice that chairs with wicker inserts in the seat and back, surrounding the dressing table - brothers to the chair, which we have just passed in the office of Natalya Pavlovna.

Another memorial item linen closet, or dresser(second half of the 19th century). The forms of the chest of drawers are simple: the drawers are flat, there are no handles, keys were used instead. From the decor, only a veneer pattern flowing from drawer to drawer, and fluted overlays on the ribs.

Bedroom chandelier.

Living room
By the presence of certain pieces of furniture, one can immediately conclude what the time of the visitors to the living room could be occupied with: playing the piano or cards, needlework, talking and listening to gramophone records.
Concerning grand piano the oldest piano company in Germany "Renish" (1870s), then it did not belong to Nekrasov.

Therefore, we will pay more attention to bench simple and strict forms, with crosshairs characteristic of classicism in the elbows.

By the way, in the living room of the Panaevs, which is in the Nekrasov Museum in St. Petersburg, there is also an interesting bench, but only in the Empire style.

There is a handicraft area next to the fireplace.
fireplace screen, made in the Art Nouveau style with its characteristic bubble lines and iris lines, belongs to the beginning of the 20th century and is not combined with other pieces of furniture belonging to the large classical styles that preceded it. Perhaps the poet's brother, Fyodor Alekseevich, who owned Karabikha and lived to the heyday of modernity, succumbed to the charm of the newfangled style, which did not last long, but was extremely popular in its time.

Before us is a lady's table for needlework(first half of the 19th century). Previously, it belonged to Princess A.V. Golitsyna and was located in the Gagarinsky Novoselki estate, Pereslavsky district.
A utilitarian object could be completely unsightly if it were not made of Karelian birch and had no “idea”. So, from afar, you can be deceived by estimating the height of the underframe by eye. However, upon closer examination, it turns out that the “lower drawer” is not a box at all, but a hinged lid, and four dark dots on it, which from afar seem to be handles, are actually recessed holes into which the real handles of the drawers located above are placed. And then it turns out that if you look even more closely, then for the streams of the three uppermost and narrowest drawers there are also recesses on the hinged lid.

The central compositional place of the living room is occupied by a giant mirror-dressing table(mid-nineteenth century). The mirror was brought by Fyodor Alekseevich Nekrasov from the house of the merchant Trunov. One can only imagine what a high income was that merchant who owned an incredible mirror in a gilded carved rococo frame, with a table with a marble top on even richer carved legs-paws, connected by an ingenious carved proleg. It's hard to imagine.

But at this point in my story, we have to imagine something else. Talking about other couples mirror-dressing table second half of XIX centuries, which belonged to the Nekrasov family and are now behind my back. We can see one of them reflected in the merchant dressing table we have just studied. We are forced to be content with only a reflection, since Nekrasov's mirrors simply cannot be photographed at close range.

With playing the piano and needlework, we kind of figured it out. Let's move on to the conversations at tea parties that could take place behind this oval tea table. Its tabletop, but especially the legs, are given extremely whimsical shapes. armchairs(as well as the chairs in the living room) are typical baroque. Sofa with a veneered, decorated with low-profile carving back and armrests stylized as a cornucopia - empire style.

Play area formed card table typical design: turned legs, slightly different from table to table in shape and type of decorative carving; low underframe; upholstered in green cloth and must have had a folding lid.

The last of the list of activities - listening to gramophone records - was possible due to the presence in the living room gramophone-gramophone-tables(early 20th century). The fact that, along with the fireplace screen, this is a later item, we are indicated by the lines of superimposed metal decor typical for Art Nouveau.

By the way, how interesting the designs of such gramophone-tables are, you can see in the Shcherbov Museum, which I already mentioned.

Chandelier.

Dining room
The dining room did not please us with dining furniture. There is only grandfather clock yes office secretary(XIX century). By remotely studying the bureau, by the shape of the lid-top, the edge of which repeats the wave-like curves of the drawers, we understand that it is retractable, not folding. This means that the work area with internal drawers should be closed with a flexible slatted lid-latch, which is called serrandina in the world of Italian furniture.

Let's finish our tour of the Great House of Karabikha with a look at the chandelier.

They say that from here, from the bellevue site, it used to be visible in the distance. But either the haze is in the air, or the forests have grown, but we did not see Rostov, no matter how hard we tried.

Then I decided to return to the house and go up to its roof, to the belvedere. But even from here he did not see Rostov.

But I saw the upper regular park, separate figures of my relatives and

The eastern wing, in which Nikolai Alekseevich's private rooms were located and which, God forbid, I will write about someday.

Thanks
Now, according to an already established tradition, I want to sincerely thank one person, without whose help, and especially in the absence of any guidebook, writing my story about the furniture of Karabikha would be difficult.
I am talking about our tour guide and subsequently my selfless and very reliable consultant in absentia.
Thank you, Yana, for supporting my furniture endeavor.

State Literary memorial museum N. A. Nekrasov’s “Karabikha” reserve is located in the village of Karabikha, Yaroslavl district, Yaroslavl region, 15 km south of the geographical center of Yaroslavl (along the old Moscow highway), near the urban-type settlement Krasnye Tkachi. On its territory there is an old manor, a number of outbuildings and two parks.
Until the beginning of the 18th century: in the vicinity of modern Karabikha, the village of Bogorodskoye was located.
1711: The princely family of the Golitsyns becomes the owner of the village of Bogorodskoye and the adjacent lands.

Karabikha estate, Nekrasov Museum
40s of the 18th century: by order of Golitsyn Nikolai Sergeevich, an unknown architect begins the construction of an estate on Karabitova Gora. The estate receives the name "Karabikha", and the village becomes the same name.
1785: the estate is inherited by his son Golitsyn Mikhail Nikolaevich, appointed in 1801 as the civil governor of Yaroslavl, brother of Golitsyn A.N., the famous favorite of Alexander I
Beginning of the 19th century: Golitsyn M.N. begins the reconstruction of the family estate, as a result of which the estate ensemble takes on the appearance of a front residence, corresponding to the status of the owner. Almost in this form, the estate complex has survived to this day.
After the death of M. N. Golitsyn, the estate was left without an owner and decayed. The son of Mikhail Nikolaevich Valerian, who inherited it, was arrested for participating in the Decembrist movement and sentenced to exile in Siberia, then to service in the Caucasus, and when he returned, he preferred other estates. After his death in 1859, his wife Daria Andreevna sold the estate.

"Nekrasovsky" period
1861: N. A. Nekrasov acquires the estate for summer holiday. Household concerns are taken over by his brother Fyodor Nekrasov, who settled with N. A. Nekrasov.
1861-1875: the poet lives here for ten summer seasons, and writes the poems “Frost, Red Nose” (a poem dedicated by the poet to his sister Anna), “Russian Women”, works on “Who Lives Well in Russia”. He composes poems "Orina, a soldier's mother", "Kalistrat" ​​and others.
1875: Nekrasov visits his estate for the last time. He visits his mother's grave in Abbakumtsevo, examines the rural school. He visited Greshnevo, where on the ashes of the old Nekrasov house, which burned down shortly before, his brother opened a tavern.


"Poslenekrasovsky" period
1918: the estate was nationalized and classified as a historical monument, but after the Civil War, the Burlaki state farm was located here.
December 5, 1946: Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On measures to perpetuate the memory of N. A. Nekrasov in connection with the 125th anniversary of his birth" was adopted. As a result, the estate was restored, and the memorial museum of N. A. Nekrasov was organized in it, which became a branch local history museum.
January 1, 1988: N. A. Nekrasov’s estate museum is transformed into the State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N. A. Nekrasov “Karabikha” with branches in Abbakumtsevo and Greshnevo.
July 6, 2002: on the day of the XXXV All-Russian Nekrasov Poetry Festival, after a 10-year restoration, the Big House of the estate opens.
July 3, 2010: on the day of the XLIII All-Russian Nekrasov Poetry Festival, after 14 years of restoration, the memorial East Wing of the estate opened its doors to visitors.

Architecture
Manor's house in Karabikha
The territory of the museum includes the following areas:
exposition and exhibition area - 401 m²
temporary exhibitions - 151 m²
storage facilities - 201 m²
parks - 15 hectares
"Karabikha" is the only second estate complex in the Yaroslavl region half of XVIII- the beginning of the 20th century, which has retained its original architectural appearance and belongs to the estates of the palace type, characteristic of the era of classicism and widespread mainly in the vicinity of Moscow. The composition of the ensemble consists of three components: the main house and two outbuildings, previously connected by two-story galleries.

The architecture of the estate complex includes the following objects:

Central Manor: the layout and interior design elements dating back to the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries have been preserved here.
Wing buildings: preserved elements of an earlier period. For example, fragments of baroque architraves and window openings with semicircular completion in the East Wing, typical of the 17th - early 18th centuries.
Upper Park: located in front of the house, French type: here the bushes and trees are neatly trimmed, the location of each object is geometrically clear.
Lower park: located behind the house, English type: gives the impression of "wild growth", but each tree grows in a place determined by the planner. In the large clearing of this park, N. A. Nekrasov arranged readings.
Upper and lower Large ponds.
Cascade "Gremikha" - a stream that goes around the Lower Park and forms small ponds and waterfalls
Outbuildings (carriage house, horse yard, forge, etc.).

Collection
The museum's collection includes about 25 thousand items, including:
interior items, home furnishings
personal belongings of the inhabitants of the estate, portraits
significant collection amateur photos 1880-1920 with views of the estate and portraits of its owners
over 15 thousand units of rare books and magazines of the 18th - early 20th centuries (here are the first editions of N. A. Nekrasov, many lifetime and posthumous publications, 7 books from the poet's personal library, as well as magazines in which N. A. Nekrasov collaborated , and the magazines he published)
collection of glass and crystal tableware of the 19th century (23 items). This treasure was found during the restoration of the building in 1996
letter from A. I. Musin-Pushkin to the owner of the estate M. N. Golitsyn (1808). It, along with other documents and fragments of porcelain dishes, was found by restorers in 1997.

Karabikha, peasant house

HISTORY OF CREATION, STAGES OF MUSEIFICATION OF THE ESTATE
On December 5, 1946, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On measures to perpetuate the memory of N.A. Nekrasov in connection with the 125th anniversary of his birth. Among other activities, the Yaroslavl Regional Executive Committee was instructed to restore the Karabikha estate and organize a memorial museum in it. The first director was Anatoly Fedorovich Tarasov.
On the basis of the Order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 850 r dated February 28, 1959, in the middle of 1959, the Yaroslavl Memorial Museum of N.A. Nekrasov is included in the organized State Yaroslavl-Rostov Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve as a branch. Since December 1969 - Yaroslavl State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve.
On the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 367 of September 4, 1987 “On the establishment of the State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N.A. Nekrasov "Karabikha" in the Yaroslavl region "the museum became an independent legal entity. In 2001, the Abakumtsevo-Greshnevo branch was established. Since January 2012, the museum has become the State Autonomous Cultural Institution of the Yaroslavl Region.
The museum fund, numbering more than 50 thousand items. storage, has in its composition several collections: rare books, historical and household, pictorial, documentary, photographic materials.
The beginning of the formation was laid by a significant number of items (mainly furniture) transferred during the creation of the museum from the museum of local lore and from the Orphanage, located in the 1940s. in the estate. In the 1940s-1960s, the poet's relatives, who lived in the estate during these years, received interior items, books, documents and photographs of the Nekrasov family. In subsequent years, the museum funds were completed mainly with typological objects, periodicals and books of the 18th-19th centuries, objects peasant life from the environs of Karabikha, Greshnev, Abakumtsev.
In the period from 1992 to 1995, the museum included a branch " literary life region” - the memorial house-museum of M. Bogdanovich.
Manor "Karabikha" is a complex of manor buildings of the palace type. In architectural terms, it is divided into two parts: residential - Central House, East and West wings; economic - stable, greenhouse, forge, human. In the history of creation, two construction periods are clearly traced: II half. VIII - early XIX century (Golitsyn) and the last third of XIX- the beginning of the 20th century (Nekrasovsky).
The territory of the estate includes, in addition to architectural complex 2 parks: regular and landscape, a system of ponds with a cascade, an orchard. There was a winery at the estate.
In 1862 - 1875. the poet visited Karabikha during the summer months. The poems “Grandfather”, “Russian Women”, “Contemporaries”, “Frost, Red Nose” were created here; poems "Kalistrat", "Return", "Orina, mother of a soldier"; worked on the poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live." A.N. visited the estate, visiting Nekrasov, at different times. Ostrovsky, M.E. Saltykov-shchedrin, D.V. Grigorovich, I.F. Gorbunov.
The opening of the literary department of the museum took place on January 9, 1949. On December 9, 1951, the memorial department was opened. The author of the expositions was A.F. Tarasov. In 1971, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the birth of N.A. Nekrasov, an exposition of the literary department “The Life and Work of Nekrasov. On December 10, 1999, at the expense of the Soros Foundation, the first in Russia children's literary Museum of Grandfather Mazai was opened in the museum. Authors - N.N. Paikov, T.A. Polezhaev. On July 6, 2002, a new exposition "Do not be afraid of bitter oblivion ..." was opened in the Central House of the estate. Authors - M.D. Danilova, N.M. Sorokina, O.M. Kokornova. On July 3, 2010, a memorial exposition was opened after the restoration of the building. Authors - M.D. Danilova, N.M. Sorokin.
The first exposition in Greshnev was created in 1968; author - Z.A. Kolesova. In 1970 and 1979 - re-exposition (I.K. Sokolova). In 1988 - the exposition "Greshnevo and its environs" (S.V. Smirnov). In 1992, the existing exposition was supplemented by the exhibition “The Nekrasov Family Estate (Chronicle of Documents)”, author V.I. Yakovlev. The first exposition in Abakumtsevo on the history of the school was created in 1979 - 1980, by I.K. Sokolov. In 1997, after the accident, the museum building was mothballed.
Since 1966, the All-Russian Nekrasov Poetry Festival has been held in the museum every year on the first Saturday of July.
Since 1989, the museum has been publishing the historical and literary collection "Karabikha", holding scientific conferences "Nekrasov in the context of Russian culture", "Russian estate of the 18th - early 21st centuries. Problems of study, restoration and museumification. Conference proceedings are constantly published.

BIOGRAPHY
Biography of N.A. Nekrasov
1821-1838. Childhood
1816
November 11 - the wedding of Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov with Elena Andreevna Zakrevskaya (1803-1841) in the church of the town of Yuzvin, Vinnitsa district, Volyn province
1820
January 15 - in the family of A.S. and E.A. Nekrasov's firstborn was baptized - son Andrei (1820-1838), elder brother and childhood friend of the poet
1821
January - daughter Elizabeth (1821-1842), the beloved sister of the poet, was born in the Nekrasov family
November 28 - Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, the great Russian poet, was born
December 14 - the division of property between the children of Sergei Alekseevich Nekrasov was completed: Sergei, Dmitry, Alexei Nekrasov, Elena Pevnitskaya and Tatyana Altufyeva
1823
January 11 - Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov, the poet's father, was dismissed from military service with the uniform of a major "for ill health" at his own request
April 24 - daughter Anna (1823-1886), the younger sister of the poet, was baptized in the Nekrasov family by birth
1824
May 21 - the son Konstantin (1824-1884) was born in the Nekrasov family, younger brother poet
October 7 - brothers Nikolai and Konstantin Nekrasov were baptized in the church of the village of Senki, Baltic povet, Kamenetz-Podolsk province
1826
August 22 - coronation in Moscow of Emperor Nicholas I
autumn - the Nekrasov family moved from Ukraine to the Yaroslavl estate Greshnevo
1827
March 19 - the son of Fedor (1827-1913) was born in the Nekrasov family
1828
May 21 - Nikolai Nekrasov wrote the first quatrain
1829-1831
the father's teaching of his elder sons to hunt animals and birds and to ride; teaching them in the parental home the basics of reading and writing, writing, counting and the Law of God

1832
August 17 - admission of the brothers Andrei and Nikolai Nekrasov to the first class of the Yaroslavl gymnasium at the Yaroslavl Demidov Higher Sciences School
1834
June - Nikolai Nekrasov, among 13 students out of 33, was transferred from the 4th to the 5th grade, his brother Andrey was left in the class for the second year for poor progress
July 21 - senior classmate of the Nekrasov brothers at the gymnasium Fyodor Uspensky, invited to extra classes with them, drowned in Lake Ivanovskoye while hunting for ducks with the father of the poet A.S. Nekrasov
1836
January 8 - at the age of two months, the son of the Nekrasovs, Evgeny, died
June - N. Nekrasov did not take final exams, which is why he was not transferred to the next class
September - December - N. Nekrasov was not certified for the first half of the year due to absenteeism
1837
June - N. Nekrasov did not appear for the final exams, later he did not attend the gymnasium
1838
May 19 - the father of the poet A.S. Nekrasov entered the Yaroslavl District Zemsky Court from among the candidates
July 20 - departure of N. Nekrasov with letters of recommendation to St. Petersburg for admission to study at a specialized secondary military educational institution- Noble Regiment - without test exams

1838-1844. The first years in St. Petersburg

1838
August-September - N. Nekrasov visited the addressees of Yaroslavl letters of recommendation; learned that in 1838 there would be no recruitment to the Noble Regiment
September - the release of the 10th issue of the magazine "Son of the Fatherland", where the poem "Thought" was first published with a note that N. Nekrasov was extremely pleased with: "The first experience of a young, sixteen-year-old poet"
November 15 - the second publication of N. Nekrasov's poems from the "Yaroslavl notebook" handed over to N.A. Field ("Man", "Hopelessness")
November - he was expelled by deceit from the apartment of a non-commissioned officer on Razyezzhaya Street and ended up in a rooming house for Petersburg beggars on Vasilyevsky Island. The first "earnings" N.A. Nekrasov by writing petitions for the peasants "from a piece of bread" on Sennaya Square and in the Treasury
end of November - acquaintance with D.I. Uspensky and moving to his apartment on Malaya Okhta
December - attempts to earn a draft literary work in "Son of the Fatherland" and "Literary additions to the Russian invalid"
1840
January - F.A. Koni attracted N.A. Nekrasov as an auxiliary literary worker for work in the journal "Pantheon of Russian and all European theaters" edited by him
February 6 - the book "Dreams and Sounds. N.N.'s Poems" was published; she evoked magazine responses from N.A. Polevoy, L.V. Brant, P.A. Pletnev, F.N. Mentsova, V.V. Mezhevich, V.G. Belinsky. Of the eight reviews, one (by Mentsov, a literary observer of the Journal of the Ministry of National Education) was frankly enthusiastic; five others were brevity and were restrainedly approving, and only the devastating review of Mezhevich - at that time Nekrasov's literary friend - who denied the poet any talent at all, and Belinsky's harsh assessment of all epigone-romantic poetry and advice to the young man to write prose - painfully hurt the pride of a novice poet
July 5 - the first story by N.A. Nekrasov "Makar Osipovich Random"
July 24 - documents are submitted for entry exams to St. Petersburg University in the Department of Law, as a result of entrance examinations in three examination committees of St. Petersburg University N.A. Nekrasov was not accepted as a university student
September - work on the first theatrical review and the first autobiographical story "Missing piita"
end of the year - acquaintance of N.A. Nekrasov with the director of the Alexandrinsky Theater N.I. Kulikov and his family
1841
January-February - F.A. Koni attracted N.A. Nekrasov to work on organizing the editorial office of his publications
January - July - N.A. Nekrasov wrote 3 novels and 4 short stories, 4 vaudeville, 3 theatrical reviews, a dozen and a half reviews of books and performances read
early July - N.A. Nekrasov has been informed from home about the forthcoming marriage of his sister Elizabeth, is busy about the means that would allow him to finally appear at home, and "on horseback"
July 27 - the wedding of Elizaveta Nekrasova and the assessor of the Yaroslavl Criminal Chamber, Lieutenant Colonel S.G. Zvyagin; in the record of the wedding, N.A. is indicated as a witness on the part of the groom. Nekrasov, however, he was late for his sister's wedding
July 29 - the death of the mother of the poet Elena Andreevna Nekrasova from consumption
1842
January - April - a story, a vaudeville, a theatrical review, a dozen and a half book reviews were written
1843
January - June - N.A. Nekrasov entered the literary circle of V.G. Belinsky; a feuilleton was written in verse and prose, theater reviews, reviews of new books, an autobiographical story "The Landlord of Twenty-Three Souls" was published, the first part of the autobiographical novel "The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov" was written
June - August - N.A. Nekrasov at the gardener near St. Petersburg for the first time in the summer rented a hut as a dacha
September - November - work on the second part of the novel "The Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov", one chapter ("Unusual Breakfast" was published); small literary earnings
December - annual book review written in two articles
1844
ON THE. Nekrasov took over the unofficial editorial office of Literaturnaya Gazeta for this year, conducted regular feuilletons Chronicle of a Petersburg Resident, Petersburg Dachas and Surroundings, and Petersburg Chronicle, reviews of new books and theater reviews were written, and the last vaudeville, Petersburg Usurer, was created. "

1845-1852. magazine cross

1845
February - May - edited by N.A. Nekrasov, the almanac "Physiology of St. Petersburg" (in two parts), compiled from the works of Russian writers, went out of print
beginning of October - at N.A. Nekrasov came up with the idea to publish, together with D. Grigorovich and F. Dostoevsky, the satirical almanac "Zuboskal"
end of the year - work on the poems "On the Road", "Homeland", "Hound Hunting", "Lullaby"
1846
January - the almanac "Petersburg Collection" went out of print
May - I.I. Panaeva, A.Ya. Panaeva and N.A. Nekrasov to the Kazan estate of G.M. Tolstoy; making a decision there to publish a new journal headed by Belinsky
September 10 - start of negotiations with P.A. Pletnev on acquiring from him the rights to publish the Sovremennik magazine
October 12 - consent of the Minister of Public Education to the transfer of the editorial board of Sovremennik to Professor A.V. Nikitenko
October 22 - the conclusion of an agreement between I.I. Panaev and the publisher of Sovremennik P.A. Pletnev about renting a magazine
end of the year - preparation of materials for the publication of a new magazine
1847
January 1 - issue from the press No. 1 of the Sovremennik magazine under a new edition
February 15 - explanation of N.A. Nekrasov with V.G. Belinsky about the desire of the critic to become an equal shareholder in the income from the magazine, being seriously ill and deprived of the opportunity to "work off" these incomes
June - the publication of the "Illustrated Almanac" in verse and prose is planned as free application to a one-year subscription to Sovremennik
1848
beginning of the year - A.Ya. Panaeva became the common-law wife of N.A. Nekrasov
February - the first denunciations about the political unreliability of the editors and the direction of the Sovremennik magazine are received in the III Department
February 22 - news of revolutionary uprising in Paris is received in Russia
March 6 - denunciation by F.V. Bulgarin on his literary competitors - "On censorship and communism in Russia"
1849
March 22 - censorship permission for the "Literary collection with illustrations", published by the editors of the journal "Contemporary"
1850
January - publication in the Sovremennik of an article by N.A. Nekrasov "Russian Minor Poets", who discovered the talent of F.I. Tyutchev
January 3 - 4 - the arrival of Fyodor Alekseevich Nekrasov to his brother in St. Petersburg and his entry into the position of head of the Sovremennik office
March - attempts by N.A. Nekrasov to meet A.N. Ostrovsky after the publication of his first comedy in order to invite him to cooperate in Sovremennik
summer - N.A. Nekrasov lived in a dacha near St. Petersburg, communication with A.V. Druzhinin, I.S. Turgenev, V.A. Milyutin
second half of the year active work ON THE. Nekrasov and A.Ya. Panaeva on the novel "Dead Lake"
1851
continuation of work on the novel "Dead Lake"
ON THE. Nekrasov started playing commercial card games regularly
1852
January - N.A. Nekrasov accepted as a full member of the St. Petersburg English Club
February 21 - N.V., the head of Russian realistic literature, died in Rome. Gogol, under the influence of the news of the death of Gogol N.A. Nekrasov wrote a poem "Blessed is the gentle poet ..."
July - N.A. Nekrasov highly appreciated the story "Childhood" by an unknown writer L.N. T[thick]
August - the poetic declaration "Muse" is written

1853-1861. Return

1853
January - a trip to Moscow on business of the magazine
March - the first serious signs of a throat ulcer in N.A. Nekrasov
spring (?) - at N.A. Nekrasov and A.Ya. Panaeva, their second son was born (he died in the autumn of the same year)
mid-April - N.A. Nekrasov left for the village of Aleshunino, Vladimir province, "given" to him by his father, where he hunted a lot. The emergence of the idea of ​​the poem "Excerpts from the travel notes of Count Garansky" and the novel "The Thin Man", recording the initial outlines of life situations, impressions, characters encountered
beginning of August - arrival of N.A. Nekrasov in Greshnevo to hunt; practical confirmation of the "thaw" in the relationship between the son and the father - A. S. Nekrasov
August 10-12 - departure from Yaroslavl to Moscow, and from there to St. Petersburg
autumn - acquaintance with the young publicist N.G. Chernyshevsky
October 4 - Turkey declares war on Russia
November - deterioration in the health of N.A. Nekrasov: cough, weakening of the voice, dramatic weight loss; inadequate treatments are undertaken due to misdiagnosis
1854
March 13 - N.A. Nekrasov and I.I. Panaeva to the boss III Divisions A.F. Orlov about allowing the Sovremennik magazine to review political events, which was denied by the General Directorate of Censorship in July
March 15 - England declares war on Russia
April - N.A. Nekrasov in Yaroslavl, from here he goes hunting in the Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir provinces
1855
May 7 - in Yaroslavl, the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Sasha"
end of May - for treatment with artificial mineral waters ON THE. Nekrasov, at the insistence of the doctors, left for Moscow, where A.Ya. came to see him. Panaeva
1856
the beginning of the year - at N.A. Nekrasov, a plan appeared for a "binding agreement" between the Sovremennik magazine and I.S. Turgenev, L.N. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich, A.N. Ostrovsky about the deduction of a certain percentage of the profits of the journal in addition to the payment for printed sheet to each "participant" in case of his exclusive cooperation in Sovremennik
August 11 - departure abroad for treatment: Berlin, Vienna, again rapprochement with A.Ya. Panaeva; Viennese doctors recommend Nekrasov to spend the winter in Italy
1859
end of June - beginning of August - N.A. Nekrasov in the Yaroslavl province
October - I.S. Turgenev his new novel"On the eve" I did not give to "Sovremennik" N.A. Nekrasov, and in the "Russian Messenger" M.N. Katkova
mid-December - after the Siberian penal servitude and exile, F.M. returned to St. Petersburg. Dostoevsky
1860
January 3 - in the newspaper A.I. Herzen "The Bell", a poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Reflections at the front door"
February 19 - addressed to N.A. Nekrasov, a written request to I.S. Turgenev not to publish articles by N.A. Dobrolyubov about his novel "On the Eve"
November 23 - N.A. Nekrasov before the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky raises the question of a new edition of his "Poems", submitted to censorship about a year ago
1861
January 21 - at the insistence of N.G. Chernyshevsky's income from Sovremennik began to be divided into four parts: N.A. Nekrasov, I.I. Panaev, N.G. Chernyshevsky and N.A. Dobrolyubov
February 28 - N.A. Nekrasov attended the funeral of T.G. Shevchenko and wrote a poem in memory of the deceased
July - August - N.A. Nekrasov in Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir provinces, hunted, worked hard. During this season he wrote "Pedlars", "Peasant Children", "Freedom", "To Turgenev", "Funeral", "Tears and Nerves"; in Mstyora with the merchant I.A. Golyshev, the poet discussed the possibility of publishing cheap books for popular reading
1862-1866. At the turning point
1862
January 2 - performance by N.A. Nekrasov on literary evening in favor of "insufficient students"
March 21 - N.A. Nekrasov approved as sole editor of Sovremennik
spring - N.A. Nekrasov is negotiating the lease of the Karabikha estate
November 30 - the poet's father, A.S., died. Nekrasov
December 20 - N.A. Nekrasov returned from Yaroslavl to St. Petersburg
1863
January 12 - censorship permission for the third edition of N.A. Nekrasov
February - publication in Sovremennik of the poem "Insomnia" (from the poem "Knight for an Hour")
February 3 - N.A. Nekrasov receives from the Peter and Paul Fortress the manuscript of the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky "What is to be done?", which was published in the 3rd-5th issues of Sovremennik
around May 10 - N.A. Nekrasov left for Karabikha; in the manor put in order, the poet received many guests, hunted; "Frost the Red Nose", "Orina, a soldier's mother" were written, the poem "Who should live well in Russia" was conceived
1864
February 20 - an enthusiastic review of the poem "Frost Red Nose" in a letter to N.A. Nekrasov M.S. Volkonsky, son of the Decembrist
beginning of September - end of October - N.A. Nekrasov in Karabikha; work on the first part of the poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live"
November 2-5 - participation of N.A. Nekrasov in the big bear hunt in the Novgorod province
autumn - the poem "Railway" was written
winter - work on the second part of the satirical cycle "About the weather"
1865
February 20 - A.Ya. Panaeva for 14 thousand rubles lost to N.A. Nekrasov his rights to publish the Sovremennik magazine
mid-May - August 30 - N.A. Nekrasov in Karabikha: work on the first part of the poem "Who should live well in Russia"
November - the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Railway"
1866
April 6 - at a meeting of the Literary Fund N.A. Nekrasov signed a loyal address to Emperor Alexander II
May 22-23 - N.A. Nekrasov went to Karabikha
June 1 - The Sovremennik and Russkoe Slovo magazines are officially banned
June 13 - N.A. Nekrasov agreed with the publisher N.V. Gerbel on the Satisfaction of Sovremennik Subscribers with Four Volumes of the Complete Dramatic Works of W. Shakespeare
June 15-20 - N.A. Nekrasov again departed for Karabikha, where he worked on scenes from the lyrical comedy "Bear Hunt", referring to the characters and moral heritage of "people of the forties"
1867-1875. Service
1867
December 8 - signing of the lease agreement for the journal "Domestic Notes" with the recognition of N.A. Nekrasov "publicly responsible editor" of the publication
1868
November - December - the 5th edition of N.A. Nekrasov
the second half of the year - attracting the young critic N.K. Mikhailovsky

pond in Karabikha

1869
January - February - publication in "Notes of the Fatherland" of the first chapters of the poem by N.A. Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia"
mid-April - departure of N.A. Nekrasov to Paris
April - I.S. Turgenev published his "Memoirs of V. G. Belinsky", where the relationship between Nekrasov and Belinsky is described in a biased and insulting way
beginning of May - ordering articles to political emigrant V.A. Zaitsev for "Domestic Notes"
May-August - N.A. Nekrasov moved from Paris to Interlaken, then to Soden, Kissingen, Dieppe; strengthening effect of sea baths
August 30 - arrival of N.A. Nekrasov from Dieppe to Paris, departure to Russia
1870
January 9 - A.I. died in Paris. Herzen
February - Chapters IV and V of N.A. Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia"
winter - rapprochement N.A. Nekrasov with F.A. Viktorova (Zinaida Nikolaevna)
around June 20 - after August 20 - N.A. Nekrasov with Zina in Karabikha. Written poem "Grandfather"
1871
May 20-21 - departure of N.A. Nekrasov and Zina in Karabikha
July 23 - completion of work on the poem "Princess Trubetskaya"
around August 10 - N.A. Nekrasov returned to Petersburg and the next day went to Chudovo, where he stayed for a week.
September 3-13 - N.A. Nekrasov hunted again in Chudovo
October - a number of articles and satire by N.A. Nekrasov's "Recent Times", published in "Notes of the Fatherland", caused a sharp reaction in the censorship department
1872
April - N.A. Nekrasov "prepared" the poem "Princess Trubetskaya" for a long time to pass through censorship
spring - reading M.S. Volkonsky N.A. Nekrasov "Notes" of his mother M.N. Volkonskaya
after June 10 - departure to Karabikha
July 17 - completed the second part of the poem "Russian Women" - "Princess M.N. Volkonskaya"
August 8 - departure from Karabikha to Moscow, and from there to St. Petersburg
early September - N.A. Nekrasov hunting in Chudovo
October 24 - N.A. Nekrasov agreed to the guardianship of the Karabikha school; contributes 100 rubles for the construction of a new building of the Abakumtsevo school
1873
July 5 - N.A. Nekrasov went through Paris to Dieppe, and then to Kissingen
July 14 - F.I. died in Tsarskoye Selo. Tyutchev
July - the chapters of the poem "Who lives well in Russia" - "Dyomushka" (in Wiesbaden) were written,
"A Woman's Parable" (in Dieppe)
August 3 - 4 - completed the chapter "The She-Wolf" from the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
1874
April - N.A. Nekrasov asked F.M. Dostoevsky, his novel "Teenager" for "Notes of the Fatherland"; almost arrested the fourth issue of the magazine
May 17 - the May issue of "Notes of the Fatherland" was arrested
May 21 - the decision to publish a literary collection for the 15th anniversary of the Literary Fund - partly on advances from N.A. Nekrasov means
June - August - N.A. Nekrasov and Zina left for Chudovskaya Luka near Novgorod. Work on the poem "Despondency"; the cycle "Overnights" was written, the poem "Woe of Old Naum"
September 14 - V.M. Lazarevsky ceded his part of the dacha in Chudovo to N.A. Nekrasov, their relationship was interrupted
1875
February 2 - N.A. Nekrasov elected assistant chairman of the Literary Fund
winter - noticeably worsened the physical state ON THE. Nekrasov, his emotional experiences intensified
early May - N.A. Nekrasov hunted in Chudovo; work on the 2nd part of the poem "Contemporaries"
May 20 - N.A. Nekrasov to include in the anniversary collection of the Literary Fund materials on the history of its foundation and activities, biographies of deceased members of the fund
late May - early June - N.A. Nekrasov with Zina and her niece Natasha went to their brother Fyodor Alekseevich in Karabikha
August 1 - 2 - N.A. Nekrasov left Karabikha for Moscow, and from there to Chudovo
around August 20 - N.A. Nekrasov returned from Chudovo to St. Petersburg
1876-1877. Latest songs
1876
summer - the deterioration of the health of N.A. Nekrasov, constant sharp pains; trips to Gatchina to the life physician S.P. Botkin, departure after S.P. Botkin, who accompanied the Empress, to Yalta
September - October - N.A. Nekrasov in Yalta; is working on the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
October 28-29 - meeting with A.N. Ostrovsky in Moscow
October 30 - return of N.A. Nekrasov to Petersburg
November - censorship prohibition of "A Feast for the Whole World", an attempt to save the poem; collection of signatures under the address of N.A. Nekrasov of St. Petersburg and Kharkov students

1877
January 13 - in the presence of witnesses and notary N.A. Nekrasov dictated a spiritual testament
January - a selection of new poems by N.A. Nekrasov under the heading "Last Songs", followed by hundreds of telegrams and letters from all over Russia addressed to Nekrasov
February 1 - the prospectus of the "farewell" book with the title "In black days" was written
early February - N.A. Nekrasov was visited by a delegation of students from St. Petersburg and Kharkov
February 7-16 - I.N. Kramskoy worked on a portrait of N.A. Nekrasov
March 23 - visit to Nekrasov F.M. Dostoevsky
April 4 - N.A. Nekrasov at home officially married to F.A. Viktorova (Zina)
end of May - N.A. Nekrasov was visited by I.S. Turgenev; the poet could not speak, with a gesture he said goodbye to his former friend
July 2 - The Nekrasovs moved to the Stroganov dacha near St. Petersburg for the summer
November 15 - the poet was again visited by F.M. Dostoevsky, who caught Nekrasov and M.E. Saltykov conferring about the December issue of "Notes of the Fatherland"
November - the poem "Autumn" was written about trains coming from the Balkan front
late November - early December - several last poems written
December 15 - the last telegram to brother Fedor Alekseevich
December 26 - N.A. Nekrasov said goodbye to his family
December 27 - at 20:50 N.A. Nekrasov is gone
December 30 - the body of the poet is interred in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg.

How to get there, where is it located:
The address:
150522, Russia, Yaroslavl region, p/o Krasnye Tkachi,
d. Karabikha, st. Shkolnaya, d.2a

Directions:
From Yaroslavl from the bus station bus number 105,110 to Karabikha,
fixed-route taxi No. 157.
Located 15 km. south of Yaroslavl.
By car on the highway Moscow-Yaroslavl, right turn on the way from Yaroslavl.

OPERATING MODE
Expositions and exhibitions of the N.A. Nekrasov "Karabikha" are open to visitors from 10:00 to 16:30 every day except Monday. The cash desk is open from 10:00 to 16:00. The last Wednesday of every month is a sanitary day.

N.A. Nekrasov Literary-Memorial Museum-Reserve "Karabikha" is located 15 km from Yaroslavl near the village of Krasnye Tkachi.

Until the beginning of the 18th century. near the estate was the village of Bogorodskoye. At the beginning of the 18th century the family of princes Golitsyns began to own the village and the lands adjacent to it. In the 1740s By order of Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Golitsyn, the construction of the estate located on Karabitova Gora began. This estate became the largest in the Yaroslavl province. The name of the architect has not survived to this day. The estate got its name from the name of the mountain - Karabikha. Subsequently, the village in which the estate is located was also called that.

In Karabikha, as in none of the estates of the 18th century. in the Yaroslavl region, its original appearance has been preserved. The estate belongs to the palace type, typical of the era of classicism. The manor complex includes: 2 parks (regular and landscape), a residential building, a system of ponds and outbuildings.

The basis of the ensemble is the main house with two outbuildings. Previously, the house and outbuildings housed two-story covered galleries, which united all the buildings into a single whole. main house- This is a stone two-story building, on the columns of which there are pediments, with verandas and a belvedere. Behind the house is the descent to Kotorosl.

The interior of the building has retained elements of decor of the late 18th - early 19th centuries. In the outbuildings, fragments of architraves in the Baroque style, characteristic of an earlier architectural period, and semi-circular completion of windows, have been preserved.

The horse yard on the estate dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. and initially had a symmetrical composition, which consisted of three parts: the main building and two carriage houses. At the beginning of the 20th century instead of the northern carriage house, a residential two-story house was built.

The parks included in the estate are conditionally called the Upper and Lower. The upper one is located next to the main house, it is of the French type - well-groomed, neat, with trimmed shrubs and trees, each object has its own place. The lower park is behind the house. This is a typical English park - natural, at first it seems to be neglected, but, nevertheless, each planting here is in a place specially allocated for it. Nekrasov arranged his readings in a large clearing of this particular park. On the edge of the Lower Park is the Gremikha water cascade, which is created by a stream flowing through the Lower and Upper and ponds and forming waterfalls and shallow ponds.

At the beginning of the 19th century M.N. Golitsyn began the reconstruction of the estate, as a result, the estate complex took the form in which it has come down to our time. In 1827, after the death of M.N. Golitsyn, the estate remained ownerless, began to fall into decay. In 1861, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov purchased the estate from Golitsyn's descendants for a summer vacation. He settled here with his brother, Fedor, who took care of all household chores.

In Karabikha, Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous poems"Russian Women", "Frost, Red Nose". Here he worked on the poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live." The last time the poet was in the estate was in 1875.

In 1918 the estate was nationalized. Despite the fact that the estate had the status of a historical monument, it housed the Burlaki state farm. In 1946, a decision was made to reconstruct this monument and organize the Nekrasov Memorial Museum. At first, the museum was a branch of the local history museum, and since 1988, it was transformed into a literary and memorial museum-reserve with branches in Greshnevo and Abbakumtsevo. In 2002, the large manor house was opened after almost a decade of restoration.

The museum funds contain more than 20 thousand items, including interior items, personal belongings of people. Those who lived in the estate, portraits, estate furnishings. Of great interest is the collection of amateur photographs of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. with portraits of the owners of the estate and its views. The library collections of the museum include more than 15 thousand rare magazines and books of the 18th and early 20th centuries. Here you can see the first editions of N.A. Nekrasov, lifetime and posthumous editions of his works, 7 books from the Nekrasov library, magazines that he published, issues of magazines with which he collaborated. At the end of the 20th century The exposition of the museum was replenished with a collection of crystal and glassware of the 19th century. and a letter to M.N. Golitsyn from A.I. Musin-Pushkin 1808

State Literary and Memorial
N. A. Nekrasov Museum-Reserve
"Karabikha"

The State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N. A. Nekrasov "Karabikha" is located in the village of Karabikha, Yaroslavl District, Yaroslavl Region, 15 km south of Yaroslavl, near the urban-type settlement of Krasnye Tkachi. On its territory there is an old manor, a number of outbuildings and two parks.

The Nekrasov estate is often called "the only estate complex in the Yaroslavl region of the second half of the 18th - early 20th centuries that has retained its original architectural appearance."

Initially, the village of Bogorodskoe, which belonged to the famous family of the princes Golitsyn, was located on this territory. By order of the owners in the 40s of the XVIII century. the construction of the manor begins. Time passes, generations change, as a result, the Golitsyn family estate remains practically without owners, slowly decaying. This is what Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov buys. All household cares about the estate were taken over by the brother of the classic - Fyodor, who settled in the Big House. Nekrasov himself modestly occupied the East Wing, using it as a summer dacha.

In 1861 - 1875, the poet spends several summers here, writes his famous poems "Russian Women", "Frost, Red Nose", the poem "Orina, the Soldier's Mother" and a number of others, begins work on the work "Who Lives Well in Russia" . On his last visit to Karabikha, Nekrasov visited all the memorable and dear places to him: in Yaroslavl, in the school he created and at the grave of his mother in Abakumtsevo, on the ashes of the old parental home in Greshnev.

After the revolution, the fate of the former manor was not much different from similar "noble nests". It was nationalized, later the Burlaki state farm, a sanatorium, Orphanage. Fortunately, almost immediately after the war, the estate was still recognized as a monument of history and culture.

On December 5, 1946, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On measures to perpetuate the memory of N. A. Nekrasov in connection with the 125th anniversary of his birth" was adopted. The Yarslav regional executive committee was instructed to restore the Karabikha estate and organize a memorial museum of N. A. Nekrasov in it, which became a branch of the local history museum. On September 4, 1987, the museum-estate of N. A. Nekrasov was transformed into the State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N. A. Nekrasov "Karabikha" with branches in Abakumtsevo and Greshnevo.

Estate architecture

The estate ensemble includes residential and outbuildings, 2 parks - regular and landscape, a system of ponds with a cascade.

Basic architectural ensemble The estate consists of the main house and two outbuildings, previously united by 2-storey galleries. The layout and interior design elements dating back to the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries have been preserved in the Big House. The buildings of the outbuildings retained elements of an earlier period, for example, fragments of Baroque architraves and window openings with semicircular completion in the East Wing, typical of the 17th - early 18th centuries.

Of interest is also the ensemble of the Horse Yard, built around 1810 using "exemplary" projects, originally a symmetrical 3-part composition, consisting of a central building and two outbuildings - carriage houses. At the beginning of the 20th century, a 2-storey residential building was built on the site of the northern carriage house.

Exposition of the museum-reserve "Karabikha"

The exposition starts from the second floor. The rooms of the Big House, as well as the East Wing, are adjacent.

Little has been preserved from the former situation, furniture and other things were painstakingly collected by the museum staff from the former ruined estates. And even though most of these items were not owned by the Nekrasovs themselves, they still have the spirit of the times. Some of the items were donated by the poet's family.

In the first room we see a bust of the poet by M. F. Chizhov. The second hall initially served as an office for N. A. Nekrasov. Here are interesting photographs illustrating the childhood and youth of the poet, documents of that era. The collection of the following rooms is diverse and designed in the spirit of noble estates: elegant suites, numerous rare books and magazines in heavy cabinets, a large collection of photographs and portraits, paintings and engravings, documents, furnishings and cute trinkets, a lot of mirrors in carved frames, an indispensable piano and a card table, a fireplace and a striking clock.

Hunting themes are everywhere: weapons, stuffed birds.

A cute pencil case, pasted over with striped malachite wallpaper, which belonged to the poet's nephew Konstantin Fedorovich Nekrasov, here you should pay attention to a large secretary with writing materials and an interesting bookcase, you can see black and white photographs and look out the window at the park spread out in front of the house .

Exposition of the Big House

The exposition in the East wing is also interesting, here the Nekrasov spirit is especially felt. The poet's oblong small study, personal items, massive wardrobes. There are manuscripts and documents on the glassed-in desk, old photographs of Nekrasov, his relatives and friends on the walls. However, Nekrasov preferred to work in a large hall with a marble fireplace. There is still a Turkish striped sofa, one of the few things that really belonged to the poet.

Exposition of the East Wing

The address: 150522, Yaroslavl region, Yaroslavl district, p / o Krasnye Tkachi, village Karabikha, st. Shkolnaya, d. 2a

Official site: karabiha-museum. en

Official page: www.museum.ru/M587

The State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N. A. Nekrasov "Karabikha" was founded in 1946. Located in the Yaroslavl region just a few kilometers from Yaroslavl.

Until the beginning of the 18th century: in the vicinity of modern Karabikha, the village of Bogorodskoye was located. In 1711, the Golitsyn princes became the owners of the village and the adjacent lands. In the 1740s, by order of Nikolai Sergeevich Golitsyn, the construction of the estate on Karabitova Gora began. The estate was named Karabikha.

In 1785, the estate was inherited by Mikhail Nikolaevich Golitsyn. In 1801, he was appointed Yaroslavl civil governor, at the same time he began the reconstruction of the family estate. As a result, the estate ensemble takes on the appearance of a front residence, corresponding to the status of the owner. Almost in this form, the estate complex has survived to this day.

After the death of M. N. Golitsyn, the estate gradually deteriorated. The son of Mikhail Nikolaevich Valerian, who inherited it, was arrested for participating in the Decembrist movement and sentenced to exile in Siberia, then he served in the Caucasus, and when he returned, he preferred other estates.

Valerian Mikhailovich died in 1859. Two years later, his wife Daria Andreevna sold the estate to the poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. The poet's brother Fyodor Alekseevich Nekrasov (1827 - 1913), who settled here, took over the management of the estate.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov came to Karabikha in 1861-1875. Here he created the poems "Grandfather", "Russian Women", "Contemporaries", "Frost, Red Nose"; poems "Kalistrat", "Return", "Orina, mother of a soldier"; he worked in Karabikha on the poem "To whom in Russia it is good to live." A.N. Ostrovsky, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, D. V. Grigorovich, I. F. Gorbunov.

Fedor Alekseevich lived here with his family until his death, before the revolution his descendants lived in the estate. In 1918 the estate was nationalized and classified as a historical monument. After the Civil War, the state farm "Burlaki" was located here, later - an orphanage.

On December 5, 1946, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On measures to perpetuate the memory of N. A. Nekrasov in connection with the 125th anniversary of his birth” was adopted. Among other activities, the Yaroslavl Regional Executive Committee was instructed to restore the Karabikha estate and organize a memorial museum in it. The first director was Anatoly Fedorovich Tarasov.

In the middle of 1959, the Yaroslavl Memorial Museum of N. A. Nekrasov was included in the organized State Yaroslavl-Rostov Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve as a branch (since December 1969 - the Yaroslavl State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve).

On the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 367 of September 4, 1987 “On the establishment of the State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N. A. Nekrasov “Karabikha” in the Yaroslavl Region”, the museum became an independent legal entity.

In 2001, the Abakumtsevo-Greshnevo branch was established. Since January 2012, the museum has become the State Autonomous Cultural Institution of the Yaroslavl Region.

The museum fund, numbering more than 50 thousand items. storage, has in its composition several collections: rare books, historical and household, pictorial, documentary, photographic materials. The beginning of the formation of collections was laid during the creation of the museum by the transfer of a significant number of items (mainly furniture) from the Yaroslavl Museum of Local Lore and from the Orphanage, located in the 1940s. in the estate. In the 1940s-1960s, the poet's relatives, who lived in the estate during these years, received interior items, books, documents and photographs of the Nekrasov family. In subsequent years, the museum's funds were completed mainly with typological objects, periodicals and books of the 18th-19th centuries. , items of peasant life from the environs of Karabikha, Greshnev, Abakumtsev.

In the period from 1992 to 1995, the museum included the Literary Life of the Region branch - the memorial house-museum of M. Bogdanovich.

The estate "Karabikha" is a complex of manor buildings of the palace type. In architectural terms, it is divided into two parts: residential - the Central House, the Eastern and Western wings; economic - stable, greenhouse, forge, human. In the history of creation, two construction periods are clearly traced: II half. XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century (Golitsyn) and the last third of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century (Nekrasovsky).

The opening of the literary department of the museum took place on January 9, 1949. The memorial department was opened on December 9, 1951. A.F. Tarasov was the author of the expositions.

In 1971, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the birth of N. A. Nekrasov, an exposition of the literary department "The Life and Work of Nekrasov" was built and opened.

On December 10, 1999, with a grant from the Soros Foundation, the museum opened the first in Russia children's literary “Museum of Grandfather Mazai”. The authors are N. N. Paikov, T. A. Polezhaeva.

On July 6, 2002, after its repair, a new exposition "Do not be afraid of bitter oblivion ..." was opened in the Central House of the estate. It is dedicated to the stay of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov in Karabikha and is located in two buildings of the estate: the Big House and the East Wing. The exposition recreates the interiors and conveys the atmosphere of Karabakh life in the mid-19th - early 20th centuries. The halls display items from the estate life of that period, Nekrasov family heirlooms and the poet's personal belongings. The authors are M. D. Danilova, N. M. Sorokina, O. M. Kokornova.

On July 3, 2010, after the restoration of the building was completed, the East Wing, which housed the poet's private rooms, was included in the exposition. The authors are M. D. Danilova, N. M. Sorokina.

The first exposition in Greshnev was created in 1968 (author - Z.A. Kolesova); in 1970 and 1979 — re-exposition (I.K. Sokolova); in 1988 - the exposition "Greshnevo and its environs" (S.V. Smirnov). In 1992, the existing exposition was supplemented by the exhibition "The Nekrasov family estate (chronicle of documents)" (author V.I. Yakovlev).

The first exposition in Abakumtsevo on the history of the school was created in 1979-1980, by I. K. Sokolova.

Since 1966, the All-Russian Nekrasov Poetry Festival has been held in the museum every year on the first Saturday of July.

Since 1989, the museum has been publishing the historical and literary collection "Karabikha", holding scientific conferences "Nekrasov in the context of Russian culture", "Russian estate of the 18th - early 21st centuries. Problems of study, restoration and museumification. Conference proceedings are constantly published.

The territory of the estate includes, in addition to the architectural complex, two parks: regular and landscape, a system of ponds with a cascade, and an orchard. There was a winery at the estate.

On the slope behind the Big Manor House there was a park in a picturesque "English" style. It was made in the spirit of landscape parks, by the hands of an experienced craftsman. The lower park in Karabikha has its own characteristics. In the landscape park, all trees are planted following certain laws. For example, a stand-alone tree is called a tapeworm, and plantings like lush bouquets are also found here. In landscape compositions, trees with a free, natural, spreading crown shape are used - linden, oak, maple, cedar. Romanticism, unity with nature, the alternation of open and closed space - these are the main features of the Lower Landscape Park. The sights of the Lower Park include bridges, a cascade of ponds, winding paths that pierce the park like randomly trodden paths.

The central place in the Lower Park is occupied by a large clearing, suitable for the main house and outbuildings. Under the Nekrasovs, a large cedar grew in the clearing. Here Nikolai Alekseevich was the first to read the poem "Russian Women" and, probably, his other works. This great event served as the basis for the Nekrasov poetry festivals.

The upper regular park was founded at the end of the XVIII - early XIX centuries and originally consisted of lime trees. It had a regular layout in the form of an eight-pointed star enclosed in a square. The layout of the regular park corresponds to the previous one. Initially, the park consisted of linden trees, which were given a beautiful crown shape with the help of a haircut. There are several lime trees left in the park, which are over 200 years old! Today birch prevails in the alleys of the regular park.

The orchard adjoins the Upper Regular Park and is separated from it by a fence. Most likely, an orchard has existed on this site since the foundation of the estate. Apple and cherry trees grow in the orchard, the blossoming of which greatly decorates the garden in spring.

The front yard of the estate, or parterre, occupies a central place in front of the Big House. It was formed at the beginning of the 19th century, when the Golitsyns owned the estate.

According to the Yaroslavl culturologist Vyacheslav Letin, “the basis of the composition of Karabikha was the principle of the Kabbalistic symbol of the Tree of Life, or the Tree of Sephiroth. The meaning of this symbol is spiritual growth comprehension of the world from the first idea to the world of physical forms. "Wonderful tree" borrowed by Masons from Kabbalah. It became one of the concepts of their teaching, which originated in England in early XVIII in. Sephiroth consists of ten balls of "radiant splendor", which are strung on three vertical axes. The tree also has a horizontal division. Each of its four tiers is equal to one stage of the creation of the world. In the space of Karabikha, each tier (sephirah) corresponds to a specific object or place of the ensemble. At the same time, the functional meaning of the object is wittily played up from the point of view of the symbolic meaning of the sephirah corresponding to it.

The front yard at the time of the Nekrasovs was a semicircle, divided into two parts by a road leading to the greenhouse. Symmetrically relative to the road there are two large round flower beds, to which paths led. The central road, the paths leading to the flower beds, and the one leading along the fence were bordered by flower beds.

On the territory of the Lower Park there are two ponds of artificial origin - Upper and Lower, connected by the Gremikha stream. In the northern part of the Lower Park, on the slope of a ravine, there is a small pond with an island. Ponds with an island in the middle were popular because they created additional recreational opportunities. The shores were planted with trees, which, growing, shaded the surface of the water and almost blocked the sky above. Water flows into the Upper Pond continuously from the springs, which flow in abundance in the upper reaches of the ravine. Excess water over the stones in the form of a small waterfall fell noisily to the bottom of the ravine and flowed in a stream into the Lower Pond.

There are many mature trees growing on the estate. One of them has been officially assigned the status of a natural monument of all-Russian significance within the framework of the All-Russian program "Trees - Monuments of Wildlife". This is a small-leaved linden (No. 16), growing in the western part of the front courtyard of the Karabikha estate. The tree was examined in 2014 by experts from the Center for Wood Expertise of the Healthy Forest NSA (Moscow) and found that its age is 235 years.

In 2003, director Kirill Serebrennikov listened to several scenes of the film "Ragin" in the Karabikha estate - based on the story "Ward No. 6" by A.P. Chekhov.

Director of the Karabikha Museum

1947 - 1984 - Anatoly Fedorovich Tarasov (1918 - 1996)

1990 - 2000 - Poloznev Dmitry Fedorovich

2000 - 2004 - Lebedev Veniamin Ivanovich (1924 - 2011)

2005 - present — Andrey Ivushkin