Novospasskoye (Smolensk region). Memorial Museum-estate of M.I.

The Novospasskoye estate is located in the southeastern part of the Smolensk region, 22 km south of the regional center - the city of Yelnya, on the Desna River.

In 1750, the estate passed into the possession of grandfather Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka and it was called "Shatkovo wasteland" after the nearby village of Shatkovo.

In 1786, a new stone Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built, as well as wooden house, in which on May 20, 1804, a son, the future great composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, was born in the family of Ivan Nikolayevich Glinka and his wife Evgenia Andreevna.

Glinka spent his childhood in Novospasskoye. Here he received his first musical impressions, learned the beauty of Russian folk songs, and worked on his immortal works.

In place of the old house in 1807-1810, the composer's father built a new one. "... a wooden two-story house, on a stone foundation, with a corridor, covered with shingles, but dilapidated from time to time, and sheathed with wood with a porch and 4 balconies, lined with paper wallpaper inside, on the lower floor there are 17 rooms, they have double-framed windows, copper handles, latches and hooks 40, Dutch stoves made of simple tiles with all accessories - 16 ".

After the Patriotic War of 1812, the house was essentially rebuilt.

Everything in it was beautiful: the ceilings of the front rooms were painted, the walls were upholstered with velvet wallpaper. Furniture - only from a special tree. Everywhere there are huge mirrors, parquets, chandeliers, lamps, two pianos for playing music.

After the death of Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka, the estate passed to his younger sister Olga Ivanovna Izmailova. Three years later, Olga Ivanovna died, and the estate went to her husband, who, not wanting to farm, sold it to the merchant Rybakov. The wooden house and part of the outbuildings were dismantled in 1882 and transported to Kolomna, where barracks for the military were built from this material. The estate itself fell into disrepair after that.

In 1933, the rector of the Novospassky Church, Fyodor (Raphael) Tivanov, was arrested along with his family and taken away in an unknown direction.

The rest of the history of the estate belongs to our days. In 1976, by decision of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the Union of Composers, the restoration of a two-story wooden house and the estate itself. On May 27, 1982, the museum-estate of M. I. Glinka was opened.

Because of the prevailing Soviet times persecution of the church during the restoration of the estate, the Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya manor church was not restored. Its renovation began only in 1990. The church is currently active.

Address: Novospasskoye village, Elninsk district

Wiki: en:Novospasskoe (estate)

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It so happened historically that the village has two names: the first since its inception - Shalanga, the second since 1462, when a church was built in the village, named after the Holy Savior.

In 1330, Ivan Kalita transferred the Danilovsky Monastery in the Kremlin to his magnificent courtyard, where he built a temple in the name of the Transfiguration. The monastery became known as the Monastery of the Holy Savior. Since that time, many villages and monasteries began to bear the name of the New Savior. So our village was renamed Novospasskoye (it was also possible to write Novo-Spasskoye).

The village of Novospasskoye is located seven kilometers south of Pochinki, on the left bank of the Rudnya River. In the north and northwest, the Styrsha River flows, to which several swamps adjoin.

In 1647, the Pochinkovskaya wasteland, adjacent lands and villages, including the village of Novospasskoye, by personal decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, passed into the possession of the boyar B.I. Morozov. In 1689 former peasants B.I. Morozov became state, assigned to the department of potash government. They were obliged to pay taxes and a special tax, to perform corvée.

Potash production consumed a large number of forests, so vast areas were deforested, and in the second half of the eighteenth century, state production of potash was discontinued.

Since 1760, the peasants of the village of Novospasskoye were assigned to the Pochinkovsky stud farm. They paid dues for its maintenance, performed various natural duties (harvesting hay, delivering fodder). The stud farm was transferred to the possession of pastures and forests, which were previously used by the inhabitants of the village of Novospasskoye. The peasants of the village repeatedly complained to government agencies about the illegal seizure of their cultivated land in favor of the stud farm, but these complaints remained unsatisfied.

In order to pay a cash dues to the stud farm, most of the peasants were forced to engage in crafts. Since then, the production of felted shoes has become widespread in the village of Novospasskoye. Masters - "felters" worked not only in their village. Often, united by two people, with their tools they went to neighboring settlements and spent whole winters making felt boots. The secrets of craftsmanship were inherited, and this craft has survived to this day.

Until 1816 no documents on the history of the village were found. Since 1816, the Arzamas archive has had revision tales for the village of Novospasskoye.

From the revision tale of February 1816, it is known: “Inhabitants of the village. Novo-Spasskoye were assigned to the Pochinkovsky stud farm. In total, there were 682 people in Novospassk, but by February 1816, 208 people left. The stud farm issued money to residents in the amount of 6192 rubles 29 kopecks. Peasants from. Novo-Spasskoye made an income to the state in the amount of 8,700 rubles. The elder of the village was Maxim Grigoriev "not able to read and write."

There were no literate people in the village in 1834 either. From the revision tale of 1834: “Inhabitants of the village. Novo-Spsskoye, Lukoyanovsky district, was assigned to the Pochinkovsky military horse factory: 438 men, 435 women. ... Frol Semyonov, 48 years old. Wife Natalya Semyonova 40 years old. Otavny official, assigned to a plot of land without paying taxes among the peasants, Yakov Filippovich Sobolev ... Capital by 1834 according to revision tale no. Nikolai Vasilievich Ostroumov, dismissed from the staff. In the absence of literate people in 1834, Pyotr Ivanovich had a hand in it.”2

In 1859, Novo-Spasskoe (Shalanga) was a state-owned village on the Rudnya River, 51 versts from the county town, 4 versts from the camp apartment, the number of households - 112, male souls - 446, female - 484. The church is Orthodox.

1836: 190 households, 766 males, 727 females. Total acres of land - 2044, forests - 303, horses - 341, cows - 294, small cattle - 898.

In 1888, a parochial school was opened in the village with 1857 residents, and 23 students studied there.

1897: the number of horses - 488, cows - 341, small livestock - 294, cultivated land for themselves 898 acres, 12 people per military service, 72 on earnings.

Data on the village for 1909: “The village of Novospasskoye - Shalangat. The position of the dachas is elevated on both sides of the Rudnya River. The depth of the river in places is from 1 to 2 arshins, the width is 5 sazhens. Water ... is good, the soil is black earth. The peasants are Russian Orthodox, they are engaged in arable farming and partly in crafts. The farm is owed 1 horse, 1 cow, 5 sheep, 2 pigs. AT free time from arable farming, the peasants are engaged in the transport and sale of bread. Departing peasants in the lower provinces to earn money 10 people. There is a headman and a sotsky in the village.

As you can see, the spelling of the village is now Shelonga, then Shelongat, and on the map of the Lukoyanovsky district - Shalanga, that is, by the beginning of the 20th century there was no single spelling in the name of the village, each official called the village in his own way.

1912: A plan was drawn up for the land of the society of peasants with. Novo-Spasskoye, Pochinkovskaya volost, and a plan of a plot allotted to one place from the land of the peasant society of the village of Novo-Spasskoye, Pochinkovskaya volost, Lukoyanovsky district, Nizhny Novgorod province of general surveying. “The allotment of plots was made in 1912 by order of the Nizhny Novgorod Land Management Commission of April 1912. Land surveyor N.V. Vinogradov.

On March 12, 1918, the Pochinkovskaya volost was divided into 3 volosts: Novospassky, Tagaevskaya and Pochinkovskaya. Starting from 1918, you will no longer find the word “peasant” in documents, everything is poor, poor. In a characteristic document of that time, the Novospassky Soviet, reporting on the political mood on January 24, 1919, reports that the political mood in c. Novospasskoe is good.

In 1930, when the village began " complete collectivization", the Iskra collective farm was created. V. Lobanov, a native of the village of Nikitino, became the first chairman of the Iskra collective farm.

Work on the collective farm was carried out mainly on horse-drawn traction, threshing of bread was carried out on a horse-drawn threshing machine and manually with flails. Public livestock buildings were wattle, and granaries were built from kulak barns. The board of the collective farm was placed in former home"fist" Nikolai Ikonnikov on Third Street - Sdobnovka (now Budyonny Street). At that time, the Village Council was formed, which was located in the center of the village on First Street - Bolshaya Street (now Lenin Street). Then the government building was also moved to the center of the village.

People were reluctant to go to the collective farm. Having a constant income from the production of felt boots, a significant part of the villagers did not join the collective farm. And the collectivization of individual farms continued until 1940 (some Shalangovites, such as Mikhail Grigorievich Travnitsky, Andrei Ivanovich Maidokin, Anastasia Ilyinichna Rabynina, were not members of the collective farm in 1974 either).

The peasants who joined the collective farm were not comfortable with joint work - “in 1934-1938, discipline on the collective farm was at a low level, chairmen and foremen often changed.”

This situation to some extent explains the fact that in the period from 1930 to 1939, 15 chairmen were replaced in the local collective farm. Apparently party leadership district contributed to the change of chairmen, as they did not ensure complete collectivization.

In 1939, a log pigsty, a horse yard, and then a calf-shed and a livestock-breeding house were built.

From the logs of the destroyed church, located on the territory of the village cemetery, as well as from the logs of the houses of the dispossessed and expelled from the village, a school was built in the center of the village, on the square.

In the thirties and forties of the XX century, the village of Novospasskoye was the center of the village council of the same name, it housed central estate collective farm "Iskra", and on administrative territory the village of Shishadeevo (collective farm "New Way"), the village of Klyuchi (collective farm named after Chapaev) and the village of Kalinovka (collective farm named after Gorky) were located.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, more than 600 men were drafted into the ranks of the Red Army, more than half of them died defending the Fatherland. In memory of their feat, a monument-obelisk was erected in the center of the village.

It was hard for the villagers in the post-war years, but it was necessary to think about the future. In 1958, a club was built in the village of Novospasskoye.

In the 1960s, agricultural production began to develop more intensively on the Iskra collective farm. The lands of the farm were among the most fertile and convenient for cultivating the lands of the Pochinkovsky district. For many years, the collective farm was led by veteran Dmitry Ivanovich Maidokin. In those same years, the fruitful activity of a talented agronomist, a native of the village of Novospasskoye, Ivan Aleksandrovich Stukalin, began. Subsequently, I.A. Stukalin for another 25 years led the agronomic service of the then largest farm in the region, Leninskaya Iskra.

In 1963, two farms were merged: the Iskra collective farm (the village of Novospasskoye) and the collective farm named after. Lenin (p. Pochinki). Yakov Leontyevich Fadeev was appointed chairman of the united collective farm "Lenin's spark". For successful leadership, Ya.L. Fadeev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the Badge of Honor.

For about three decades, being a large subdivision of the Leninskaya Iskra collective farm, plot No. 2 in the village of Novospasskoye remained, as it were, a collective farm within a collective farm. Dairy and pig farms, a repair shop, a machine and tractor fleet, a garden team successfully operated here, there were good grain warehouses and a covered current.

Plot in different years headed by talented organizers of agricultural production Ivan Mikhailovich Balashov, Dmitry Vasilyevich Rabynin, Ivan Stepanovich Stukalin.

Residents who had a small but stable income remained in the village, children were born. In the 60s of the XX century, more than 200 young residents of the village sat down at school desks every day. Novospasskoye, and every year more than 60 boys and girls became graduates of the eight-year school.

In 1963, two farms were merged: the Iskra collective farm (Novospasskoye village) and the collective farm named after. Lenin (p. Pochinki). Yakov Leontyevich Fadeev was appointed chairman of the united collective farm "Lenin's spark". For successful leadership, Ya.L. Fadeev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the Badge of Honor.

It was for this number of students in the mid-60s that the construction of a new standard school building began. The collective farm "Leninskaya Iskra" assumed the main burden of expenses, and the type of building and its location were chosen by the chairman of this farm, Yakov Leontyevich Fadeev. Organizational and economic concerns fell on the shoulders of the director of the school, Vitaly Denisovich Diveykin. And so, through the efforts of the builders, with the coordinated actions of the collective farm management and the teaching staff, in 1967 a new school building was erected.

In 1980, in memory of fellow countrymen who fell on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, a monument-obelisk was erected in the center of the village.

One of the serious and long-term obstacles to the full development of the village and agricultural production was impassability. Only in the eighties of the XX century the problem of building a capital bridge across the Rudnya River was solved, and a paved road was laid.

In the period from 2005 to 2010, section No. 2 of the Leninskaya Iskra collective farm ceased to exist, which was renamed Mezhdurechye CJSC in the 90s.

According to the last population census conducted in autumn 2010, there are 146 households in the village of Novospasskoe, 340 people live. The village has a shop, post office, first-aid post, club. Unfortunately, in August 2010, a school was closed in the village of Novospasskoye.

After the closure of the school, children from the village of Novospasskoye began to be taken to the neighboring village of Diveev-Usad secondary school. old school sold to entrepreneurs from Mordovia. In its place, it is planned to create a plant for the production of bricks, foam blocks.

But the construction "frozen".

The villagers are still dissatisfied with the closure of the school, confirming this with their statements to the authorities and statements in the direction of self-government in the region. But the government does not pay any attention to their action. People were worried that the culture of the village would be destroyed, because on all holidays and significant days, schoolchildren showed their creativity in different types art. Events on the occasion of the holidays are held in a local club under the guidance of teachers.

In the club in 2010 a major overhaul was carried out - this is the merit of the head of the club, Ilyina Galina Ivanovna. She, as before, arranges unforgettable holidays with the youth for the village population.

This year, on June 3, the village turned five hundred and fifty years old. In honor of the anniversary, a celebration was held on a grand scale. Many guests came to see the fun. The head of the village administration also arrived to congratulate the villagers. From the very morning there was a concert in which more than fifty people took part. After the concert, a disco was held, where all the youth of the village, as well as the elderly, took Active participation. In honor of the end of the holiday, people admiringly admired the magnificent fireworks.

The Novospasskoye estate is located in the Elninsky district of the Smolensk region. It can be reached on the road from Smolensk past and, further along the road to Roslavl, turn to Pochinok, then there is a deserted, but good road to Yelnya, from where the turn to Novospasskoye is exactly up to which this good road reaches.
The estate is located in a picturesque village, there are a lot of visitors on weekends, there are tourists on buses, in cars, not only from Russia, but also from Latvia and Belarus. A local regular bus from Yelnya also goes to Novospasskoye.
Such a road is worth driving to see this amazingly beautiful corner.

Village street in Novospasskoye

At the entrance to the estate, guests are greeted by the Transfiguration Church, which gave the name to the estate - Novospasskoye.

The temple was built in 1781-86. through the efforts of the landowner Nikolai Alekseevich Glinka, the composer's grandfather.

The parents of M.I. got married in this temple. Glinka, and in 1804 the infant Mikhail, the future composer, was baptized.

The temple survived several wars. In 1812, the rector of the church, priest John Stabrovsky, protected the church from being plundered by the French and was awarded by Field Marshal Kutuzov. In 1933, the temple was plundered already on behalf of Soviet power, for resistance to the export of valuables, the priest Fyodor Tivanov and several parishioners were arrested and deported. During the Great Patriotic War, the church had a warehouse of partisan supplies, the bell tower was blown up.

Since 1990, the restoration of the church began, now the rector of the church is Archpriest Nikolai Privalov. Unfortunately, the temple is not open all the time - there are not enough people, so you can only admire the external decoration and interesting design fences with texts of prayers and images of saints.

Now let's go to the manor. The wasteland of Shatkovo became the property of the Glinka family in the middle of the 18th century. In 1804-11. was built main house manor Novospasskoe, in 1806-11. outbuildings. In 1879, the estate from the Glinka family was sold to the merchant F.T. Rybakov, who dismantled the house and moved it to Kolomna. However, the foundation has been preserved. Many personal belongings of the Glinka family were also preserved, which were kept by the composer's sisters and were then transferred to the museum by their descendants.
The estate was restored in the 1980s on the preserved foundation with the previous layout, including elements of the original furnishings, so that the atmosphere of Glinka's times is preserved.

Music plays in front of the house. It looks like someone is playing the piano.

View of the wing and the monument to Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804-57)

Let's take a look at the house

The room of the composer's father, retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka (1777-1834)

the room of the composer's mother, Ekaterina Andreevna Glinka (1784-1851), who was her husband's second cousin.

servant's room

Exhibition dedicated to the composer

By the way, the view of Smolensk

Enfilade of rooms on the 1st floor

Composer's desktop.

composer's bedroom on the 2nd floor

In 1834, after the death of his father, the composer arrived in Novospasskoye, and in 1835 he married. His wife, Marya Petrovna Ivanova, “Besides a kind and pure heart,” Glinka writes to her mother immediately after her marriage, “I managed to notice in her the properties that I always wanted to find in my wife: order and thrift ... despite her youth and liveliness character, she is very reasonable and extremely moderate in desires. happiness in personal life Glinka added creative activity, and he completed the opera A Life for the Tsar. Also, the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" was written in Novospasskoye, and others musical works. Glinka is rightly called the founder of Russian classical music.

M.I. Glinka. Photo by Sergey Levitsky. 1856

I wonder where he got his inspiration from. The Novospasskoye estate shows us the sources of music.
In the living room, Glinka rehearsed the performance of his works, invited a choir from local peasants

Also on the 2nd floor there is a bird room, where Mikhail Ivanovich listened to the melodies of bird voices

The facade of the manor house, the lawn in front of which was called "Cupid Meadow"

Coat of arms of Glinka

Walk around the estate

The estate has two outbuildings

Holy spring

greenhouse foundation

village buildings right behind the fence

The other side of the estate faces down to the river

preserved foundation stone

Natural terrace towards the river. For me it distinguishing feature estate life.

Here you could walk, receive guests, have picnics

near the ponds

in some places the park resembles a real forest with a stream

and of course there is a mysterious old mill

this walk along Novospasskoye ends

I really liked the museum - the Novospasskoye estate, precisely for the fact that the atmosphere of the era was recreated there. It does not feel that many years have passed, there were cutting down of cherry orchards, revolutions and destructive wars. Again, the sounds of the piano are heard from the house. This amazing place is away from big cities, there is amazing air. But the museum has yet to develop, especially the infrastructure requires attention.
museum website

Being in Syzran and having free time, in addition to walking around the city and its environs, I made trips to the neighboring Simbirsk province, to places of interest to me.

The purpose of this trip was to visit the place of death of aircraft designer Vsevolod Konstantinovich Tairov. The route ran along the same federal highway M-5"Ural" . Due to the congestion of the route and the shoulder of 120 km, roadside settlements examined selectively.

“…. And the deserted places of the Volga region began to be settled by various people, free landless peasants, soldiers who received land as a gift for services to the Fatherland, received land, forest land and princes, counts, merchants and nobles as a gift.

In 1698 he began to settle southern edge Syzran governorship. As a gift, the lands were given to Bestuzhev, Solovtsov, Miloslavsky, Churin. And the Volga region began to transform, which was previously considered wild, deserted. God's houses began to be built. People hoped to get a settlement, prosperity and contentment from the land "(Chronicle for 1702, deacon of the Preobrazhensky monastery of the Syzran viceroy Danilov).

The village arose in the 17th century. and was called Solovtsovo by the name of the owner of the village - the service nobleman Pyotr Gavrilovich Solovtsov. Later, the village became a volost center. In 1874 a railway passed through Solovtsovo. The station was named"Novospasskoe" , named after the church that was built in the village. At the beginning of the twentieth century. the name of the village - Solovtsovo has already begun to disappear, and Novospasskoe has strengthened.

with. Novospasskoye (Solovtsovo) at the river. Syzran

The temple is stone, two-story, built in 1700 by the landowner Peter. Havre. Solovtsov. There are four thrones in it: on the upper floor (cold) the main one in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord
and in the chapel in the name of St. Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian; in the lower floor (warm): the main one in the name of the teacher. Sergius of Radonezh and in the chapel in the name of St. Great Martyr John the Warrior.

In the parish there is a chapel-crypt, made of stone, built in 1829 by the landowner Iv. Iv. Nechaev.

Church land: 1 des. 1128 sq. soot manor and 33 dec. arable. The clergy consists of a priest, a deacon, and a psalmist. Houses: for a church priest, for a deacon and a psalm reader, public; all on church ground. Parishioners: in with. Novospassky (n. river; volost government) in 189 doors * 758 meters and 790 women; in the village of Rokotov (part of the village, near the Syzran River; n.r.) in 46 doors. 186 m. and 188 w.; in the village Malaya Andreevka (Gorlovarovka, near the Syzran River, in 3 ver.; n. R.) in 22 doors * 87 m and 90 f .; in the village Verina (at the Syzran River, in the 5th century; N. R.) in 18 doors. 73 m. and 73 w.; in the village of Malovka (near the Syzran River, in 3 ver.; N. R.) in 31 doors * 124 m and 148 women; in the village Yuryevka (Vorovskie Vyselki, at the Key of Adovsky, in the 14th century; n. r.) in 24 doors * 95 m and 118 w; in total 330 doors * 1323 m. and 1407 w.; in addition to the Austrian schismatics in 2 doors * 7 m. and 12 f.

In the village there is a zemstvo school, which has existed since 1868.

Nearest villages: Golodyaevka in the 4th c. and Surulovka in the 5th c. Distance from Simbirsk 130 ver., from Syzran 50 ver. Mailing address- with. Novospasskoye.

Source: N. Bazhenov "Statistical description of cathedrals, monasteries, parish and home churches of the Simbirsk diocese according to the data of 1900", Supplement to the Simbirsk Diocesan Gazette for 1903, Simbirsk

The last owner of Novospasskoye, Colonel of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Ambrazantsev-Nechaev Ivan Alekseevich, died in great war(killed November 26, 1914), buried in the parish of the church.

Son of Lieutenant General Alexander Sergeevich Ambrazantsev-Nechaev and Alexandra Ivanovna Ambrazantseva-Nechaeva (nee Vishnyakova)
Cadet of the Corps of Pages Ivan Aleksandrovich Ambrazantsev-Nechaev
(released from chamber pages in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment in 1886). Portrait. SPb.1885

General and military education received in the Corps of Pages. He entered the service on 10/01/1884. Released in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. Second lieutenant (Art. 08/11/1886). Lieutenant (Art. 08/11/1890). Headquarters Captain (Art. 04/18/1899). Captain (Art. 05/06/1900). Adjutant to His Highness Prince of Oldenburg (since 07/16/1901). Colonel (Art. 12/06/1907). Commander of the 2nd battalion of the same regiment (since 12/06/1907). On 03/01/1910 in the same rank and position. In 1911, he does not appear on the lists - he probably retired. After the start of the World War, he was assigned to serve with the same rank in the 176th Perevolochensky Infantry Regiment (VP 08/19/1914). Commander of the 175th Baturinsky Infantry Regiment (from 11/03/1914). Excluded from the lists of those killed in battle with the enemy (VP 11/30/1914).
Awards: Order of St. Stanislav II class. (1905); St. Anne II Art. (1907).
Members of the defeated gangs of Stepan Razin and Yemelyan Pugachev were hiding in the surrounding forests. Peasants, villagers - Muranovs, Baranovs, Solovyovs were marked imperial awards for the Patriotic War of 1812

In 1913, the village had 314 households, 2060 inhabitants, a church, 2 chapels, a zemstvo (1824) and a parochial school, a volost government, a post and telegraph department, a zemstvo hospital (1875), a fair on August 19 and September 25, markets on Sundays, the station of the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway, the stud farm and the mill of I. A. Ambrazantsev-Nechaev.

At the entrance is the grave of Oleg Valentinovich Lukyanov, who died in Afghanistan.

ml. Sergeant Lukyanov Oleg Valentinovich, machine gunner 3 MCP 860 of a separate motorized rifle Pskov Red Banner Regiment. Born on 02/20/1967 in the village. Topornino, Nikolaevsky district, Ulyanovsk region On 10/19/1985, the Military Commissariat of the Novospassky district of the Ulyanovsk region was drafted into the USSR Armed Forces. In Afghanistan since February 1986. Repeatedly took part in military operations, proved to be a brave and determined warrior. Mortally wounded in battle near Chinga on 04/30/1987.

During the Second World War, 6500 people left the village, 3420 did not return from the war, almost half. 1580 Novospasstsev were awarded orders and medals. Zhukov Ivan Fedorovich , Karpov Nikolai Filippovich , Surkov Grigory Nikolaevich , Baranov Viktor Kirillovich were awarded the title« Hero Soviet Union » . Pazersky Alexey Maksimovich , Solovyov Nikolay Petrovich , Badigin Mikhail Petrovich , Kulkov Nikolay Ivanovich steel full cavaliers Order of Glory. 11 people were awarded the Order of Lenin for their work in the rear. During the war, grain was sent to the front - 2200218 pounds; eggs - 12368860 pcs; wool - 12426 kg; meat - 118,030 pounds; potatoes - 622356 pounds; parcels - 38680; money was collected for the construction of a tank column - 4 million rubles. Many collective farmers, workers contributed 100-150 thousand rubles or more: Ozerov - 150 thousand rubles, Ignatov - 100 thousand rubles, Fadeev - 100 thousand rubles, Shybarshov - 50 thousand rubles, even the students made their small contribution - 10-20-30 rub.

“Glinka is our genius, a composer for whom the people and the homeland were the main, the main content of his greatest works. Always alive in the minds of Russian musicians, Glinka is just as dear to the heart of the Russian people.”
(B. Asafiev)

The great Russian composer is rightly called the founder of Russian musical classics. This does not mean that Russian music before Glinka did not represent anything of value - Russia has been famous for its talents for centuries, and gifted musicians were not uncommon in it. But a sad fate awaited many of them: those who had the fate of being born serfs were doomed all their lives to subordinate their talent to the whims of the master. The few who managed to break into the people were always threatened by the rivalry of foreign artists. Other obstacles stood in the way of musicians from the upper classes. In the nobility, music was considered obligatory element good upbringing. Visiting theaters and concerts was the same indispensable secular ritual as attending balls, masquerades and those invited to make music their main occupation - instead of a military or diplomatic career, instead of the economic management of a family estate - seemed unforgivable frivolity.

For Glinka, music was not only the main business of life - it was life itself. As a boy, shocked by his first musical impressions, he said about himself: “Music is my soul!” So she remained forever his fate, the purpose and meaning of his existence. That is why in the works of the great composer we hear both the voice of the artist himself and the voice of the time, the brightest and best features which he captured and captured. This time, difficult and complex, was a time of great hopes and great disappointments.

Two events determined its appearance. The first is the victorious war with Napoleon, in which the Russian people showed not only military prowess, but also unprecedented strength and fortitude. The war awakened in the best minds of Russia the confidence that such a people would be able to destroy or at least curb autocracy and achieve freedom. Here lay the roots of the second event: the Decembrist uprising, which ended in a tragedy on Senate Square, the execution and exile of the most honest and noble people. And this was followed by years of the most gloomy reaction, the "spirit of bondage", which firmly took possession of the entire vast empire - from the serf village to bureaucratic St. Petersburg.

“But in spite of historical trials, it was then, in the first half of the century, that Russia brought forward a whole galaxy of talented people who confidently put her young art on a par with the already mature national schools. Glinka's contemporaries and almost his peers were Pushkin, Gogol, Baratynsky, Tyutchev. Nine years older - Griboyedov, ten years younger - Lermontov. They were replaced by a galaxy of younger contemporaries, whose first successes coincide with the years of the full flowering of Glinka's work: Nekrasov, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy. Different characters, different talents, different fates. But they also have common features that make it possible to consider them as a single national school. This is, first of all, faith in the creative spirit of their people and the desire to touch the living source of their art - a reflection of "the aspirations and expectations of the people", as Lenin called the Russian folk song many years later.

The creative principles characteristic of the Russian literary classics of the century formed the basis of other arts, including music. The first examples of musical classics were the works of Glinka, in which the aesthetic ideals of Russian art of his time are expressed in beautiful art form, fully armed with confident craftsmanship. If we trace the life and creative way Glinka, it is easy to find out which great importance had for him a connection with the Smolensk region. Here, in the village of Novospasskoye, he was born, spent his childhood, received his first musical impressions and learned the beauty of Russian folk songs. Here, under the influence of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812, patriotic feelings and faith in powerful popular forces which was later deeply reflected in his music.

In the Smolensk estate Novospasskoye, twenty kilometers from Yelnya, the great Russian composer (1804-1857), the founder of Russian classical music, was born and spent his childhood.

“I was born on May 20, 1804, at dawn, in the village of Novospasskoye, which belonged to my parent, retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. This estate is located twenty miles from the city of Yelnya, Smolensk province; it is located along the Desna River (near its source) and in a short distance is surrounded by impenetrable forests merging with the famous Bryansk forests ... ”This is how Glinka begins his autobiographical Notes. The first biographer of M. I. Glinka, V. V. Stasov, wrote: “Glinka was born, spent his first years and received his first education not in the capital, but in the countryside, and thus his nature took into itself those elements of musical folk that, according to in essence, in our cities only in the heart of Russia have survived ... "

In the possession of Glinka - the descendants of an old Polish gentry family, from which in 1655 a branch of the Smolensk nobles spun off - the Novospasskoye estate, or rather, the Shatkov wasteland, as it was originally called, passed in 1750. The small wooden house in which the composer was born was built at the end of the 18th century by M. I. Glinka’s grandfather, retired major N. A. Glinka. At the same time, in 1786, the stone manor Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built, after which the village was named Novospasskoe. On the nameless stream flowing into the Desna, a cascade of ponds was arranged, and a small park was laid out on both sides, which subsequently increased significantly. For him, the father of M. I. Glinka - retired captain Ivan Nikolayevich Glinka (1777-1834), to whom the estate passed in 1805 - specially ordered from St. Petersburg, Riga and even from abroad seedlings and bulbs of rare plants and flowers.

The composer's parents are buried near the church. In 1812 a detachment French soldiers, having taken Novospasskoye, he tried to rob the church, but the peasants, led by the priest I. Stabrovsky - the first teacher of M. I. Glinka - locked themselves in the temple and successfully fought off the enemy. The French robbed the estate, the priest's house, but the church remained untouched.

The Church of the Savior was famous for its bells. The largest of them weighed 106 pounds. His sound was heard for ten miles around. By order of the owner of the estate, this bell was rung all day when the news came of the victory over Napoleon and the expulsion of the enemy from Russia.

The bells of the Novospassky Church were miraculously preserved during the communist pogroms. In 1941, a priest and several lay people removed the bells and flooded them in the Desna. Some of the locals reported this to the Nazis. They grabbed the priest and began torturing him, dousing him in the cold cold water and demanding that he indicate the place where the bells are hidden - non-ferrous metal was needed for the victory of the Third Reich. The priest died under torture - the Nazis froze him alive. After the war, one of the Novospassky bells was found and is now in the Smolensk Museum.

Mikhail Ivanovich grew up in big family He had six sisters and two brothers. “Our family is numerous, but very friendly,” wrote the composer.

The soul of the family was, of course, mother Evgenia Andreevna, “a beauty, moreover, very well brought up and of a wonderful character,” according to her daughter Lyudmila. A friend of M. I. Glinka, P. A. Stepanov, says this about Evgeny Andreevna: “What a wonderful person his mother was! Anyone who only loved her son, she already considered her own; how she caressed us, pampered us. It was so gratifying in her house that all ordinary hardships were forgotten, and her heart was warmed by the frosts of life.
Evgenia Andreevna lived in Novospasskoye for 49 years, carefully raising her children. The most beloved and dearest for the mother was the eldest son Michael.

A big role in the upbringing of the boy was played by his young nanny Avdotya Ivanovna, a master of singing songs and telling fairy tales. But most of all, the young Glinka was fascinated by the familiar “sadly tender sounds” of folk songs.

He himself writes in "Notes": "And, perhaps, these songs, heard by me in childhood, were the first reason that later I began to develop mainly Russian music." “My father,” Mikhail Ivanovich wrote, “loved me and all his children very much. He treated me like a comrade - he confided his secrets and assumptions to me, not hiding his joys and sorrows. He spared no expense for me."

And the beloved sister of the composer, Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova, recalled: “My father was naturally smart and by that time a very educated young man. He built a new two-story wooden house with 27 rooms, which he furnished with exquisite luxury.
He also transformed the estate, which delighted all the guests.

We had everything of our own: weaved carpets, weaved lace, made various embroideries: there were also tailors, shoemakers, painters, carpenters and others - about a hundred people in all, maybe more. Everyone was accommodated by families in wings, of which there were from ten to twelve, except for the house and two large wings. It was a small place or town."

The manor house in Novospasskoye was built by I. N. Glinka in 1807-1810 on the site of the previous one. From a document of 1860 it is known that it was “a wooden two-story house, on a stone foundation, with a corridor covered with shingles, but dilapidated from time to time, and sheathed with boarding with porches and 4 balconies, lined with paper wallpaper inside, 17 rooms on the lower floor , they have windows with double frames, copper handles, latches and hooks 40 ... Dutch stoves made of simple tiles with all accessories - 16.

On the first floor there were utility rooms, a billiard room, a dining room, a hall, a living room, a sofa room, on the second floor there were bedrooms and a nursery. The ceilings of the rooms were painted by the best Moscow masters. “The furniture in each room was made of a special tree,” recalled the sister of M. I. Glinka, L. I. Shestakova. - Magnificent mirrors, parquets, chandeliers, lamps ... Everything was done with such taste and elegance that if our house were moved to St. Petersburg, it would not be one of the last. It was built entirely of oak and pine - a strong good forest. In front of the balcony of the house, a huge "sloping meadow" opened up a panorama of the banks of the river, the fields and meadows beyond the river.

In addition to the master's house in Novospasskoye, there were many more buildings - two outbuildings built in 1806-1811, the "master's bath", a mill, greenhouses, a fuller, etc. All of them were wooden, and have not survived to this day, like master's house.

It is still unknown who was the creator of the huge landscape park, which today occupies the entire territory of the estate. There is no doubt that he was an outstanding master of gardening art. The complex relief of the area where the estate is located served partly as a hindrance, and partly as a help to the master. Using this circumstance, the creator of the park in Novospasskoye widely used the system of free placement of park elements. Its basis was made by lindens, elms, maples, oaks and ash-trees. Small groups of trees and shrubs alternated with clearings and small lawns planted with flowers. One of the lawns was called "Cupid Meadow" - here among the roses stood a marble statue of Cupid.

During the war, many trees were cut down, and now only about three hundred century-old trees have survived in the Novospassky park, among which are nine oaks planted by M. I. Glinka himself. The giant oak, under which Glinka composed the score of Ruslan and Lyudmila, has also been preserved.

The natural boundary of the park was the Desna River. Pavilions stood on its small islands, where on holidays the orchestra of serf musicians, which belonged to M. I. Glinka's uncle, played all day long. The future composer also listened to these concerts, and later played the violin and flute himself. His first music teacher was a village violinist.

Glinka was very fond of Novospasskoye. And many years later, he often came to his native land, and the impressions of life in the estate were invariably reflected in his work.

The last time M. I. Glinka visited Novospasskoye was in June 1847. “I arrived at Novospasskoye in good health, but soon began to feel that my appetite and sleep began to disappear,” he wrote. “Wishing to support myself, for gymnastics I began to chop extra lindens with a small ax, of which there were many, in order to give space to oaks, elms and other trees.” But his health continued to deteriorate, and Glinka left for Petersburg. And when the composer's mother died in 1851, trips to Novospasskoye lost all meaning for him, and Glinka wrote to his sisters that "he would never again come to Novospasskoye without his mother."

After the death of the composer's mother, E. N. Glinka (1783-1851), the estate was owned by his sisters, L. I. Shestakova and O. I. Izmailova. In 1879, Novospasskoye passed to the Kolomna merchant F. T. Rybakov, who in 1882 sold the furnishings, dismantled the house with outbuildings and moved them to Kolomna, where they soon burned down. At the beginning of the 20th century, Novospassky was owned by the Smolensk merchant Zelikin, who built a dacha next to the foundations of an old manor house and cut down part of the park for this. The remains of the estate perished during the Great Patriotic War.

After the death of Mikhail Ivanovich, his house was sold by relatives and taken away. The family home was destroyed. The estate of 20 hectares fell into complete disrepair; a magnificent park with an orchard, greenhouses, English garden for the festivities of youth, two cascades of ponds perished.

In 1976, the restoration of a two-story wooden house and the estate itself began. 27 construction organizations of the Smolensk region took an active part in the restoration of this estate.

By archival materials and memories, the Glinka house, the guest and kitchen outbuildings, the carriage house, the bakery and the courtyard hut, the walkways, the Amur meadow (rose garden), the cascade of ponds, the gazebos, the greenhouse were restored, the family church, now operating, was restored. The park has been put in order, oaks, maples, lindens have been planted. An orchard has been planted. Pleasing to the eye and numerous flower beds.

On May 27, 1982, in a solemn atmosphere, the museum-estate of M. I. Glinka was opened - the first and only museum of the composer. In the five rooms of the house there is an exposition that tells about the life and creative activity M. I. Glinka. The hall, the dining room, the billiard room, the offices of the father and the composer himself, the bird room were restored.

Text: A. Nizovsky. "Estates of Russia. Moscow region. Petersburg to Saratov
Photos of the house and interior today (used in the work): "Museum-estate of M. I. Glinka in Novospasskoye"

Museum address: Smolensk region, Elninsky district, Novospasskoye village

Sounds of music

waltz fantasy

"Waltz-Fantasy" was written by Glinka in 1839. In the first version, this work was intended for the piano. In 1845 Glinka orchestrated it, and in 1856 he created a new orchestral version, in which it is performed today.

“Waltz-Fantasy” was created during the period of M. I. Glinka’s heartfelt passion for the young Ekaterina Ermolaevna Kern, the daughter of A. P. Kern, the same Anna Petrovna, to whom Pushkin dedicated his famous poem"K ***" ("I remember a wonderful moment"), and Glinka wrote a romance for him. Composer created lyric poem, which embodies the richest range of human feelings.

With the main waltz theme, episodes of various content contrast brightly, sometimes light and graceful, sometimes excitingly dramatic. main topic repeated many times, forming the form of a rondo. The instrumentation of this work is surprisingly elegant. The predominance of the string group gives the entire symphonic work lightness, flight, transparency, and the unique charm of a dream.

Before us was a picture of spiritual struggle, attempts to escape to happiness, to the light. Happiness was out of reach. Hence the general elegiac coloring of the music.

For the first time in Russian music, on the basis of everyday dance, a detailed symphonic work arose, reflecting the diverse shades of spiritual experiences.

Overture to the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila"

The overture to "Ruslan and Lyudmila" became the first pinnacle of Glinka's symphonic work. It was composed after the completion of the entire work, is based on the themes of the opera and transmits it main idea- the victory of light forces over the world of evil. The music of the overture, impetuous and jubilant, according to Glinka, "flies at full sail"; it contains the main images of the opera - courageous heroism, the joy of love, mysterious fabulousness.

Romance on poems by A. S. Pushkin "I remember a wonderful moment"

The most famous vocal work of M. I. Glinka is a romance to the verses of A. S. Pushkin "I remember a wonderful moment." This is the composer's highest achievement in the field of vocal lyrics. It perfectly merges captivating poems and inspirational tune. This work reflected Glinka's deep feelings for Ekaterina Ermolaevna Kern, the daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern, who at one time inspired Pushkin to create a brilliant poem. With beautiful poetry Pushkin harmoniously merged musical images created by Glinka. This, above all, is expressed in the melody - in Russian plastic and sincere. In the romance, as in the poem, the birth of a poetic feeling of love, the languishing sorrow of separation, the joy of a date are clearly shown. The poetic meaning of each new state of mind lyrical hero reveals itself in bright and expressive music.

This romance vividly manifested the commonality of the creative natures and aspirations of two great contemporaries - Pushkin and Glinka: integrity, harmony in the perception of the world, a bright outlook on life, faith in its enduring value.

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation, ppsx;
2. Sounds of music:
Glinka. I remember a wonderful moment (in Spanish by D. Hvorostovsky), mp3;
Glinka. Overture from the opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila", mp3;
Glinka. Waltz fantasy, mp3;
3. Accompanying article, docx.