; St. George Cavaliers; clergy.

According to the Highest orders for the military department until November 12, 1905.
Published in No. 84, 1905, pp. 1-2

Battle on the Shahe.

Head of the 3rd Sib. infantry divisions g.-m. Kossovich,
commands. 26th artillery. brigades g.-m. Yeris Khan Aliyev,
commands. 9th Sib. Tobolsk regiment of regiments. Dushkevich,
5th Sib. Irkutsk Regiment Regiment. Sheremetov and lieutenant colonel Likhachev,
8th Sib. Tomsk regiment, lieutenant colonel. Selyadtsev,
22nd East-Sib. shooter regiment of lieutenant colonel Gijdeu(and for 17 Aug.),
4th East-Sib. shooter regiment: regiment. Kotyuzhinskiy and capt. Trikovsky,
1st Sib. artillery brigades: lieutenant colonel. Agapeev and Zdansky,
1st East-Sib. shooter artillery brigades: capt. Lomikovsky,
East-Sib. frame. once. batteries cap. Pyzhevsky.

Commander of the 55th Infantry. division g.-m. Laiming and
commands. 2nd Zabaik. kaz. regiment batteries. Folimonov.

Command. 2nd brigade of the 5th East-Sib. shooter divisions g.-m. Putilov,
19th East-Sib. shooter a shelf:
commander of a regiment of regiments. Sychevsky, lieutenant colonel. Tikhomirov, capt. Mukhin and Kochengin, pcs.-cap. Zozulin,
20th East-Sib. shooter regiment of captain Stupin.

Command. 2 batteries of the 5th mortar. regiment of lieutenant colonel Fedchenko.

For the Battle of Mukden (February 1905).

Head of the 9th infantry. divisions g.-l. Gerschelman,
commander of the 148th infantry. Caspian regiment, lieutenant colonel. Kordyukov,
gene. PCS. lieutenant colonel Kornilov;
220th infantry. Epifan Regiment Lieutenant Colonel. Efirov,
33rd infantry. Yelets regiment pcs.-cap. Korolkov,
2nd East-Sib. shooter regiment of instructions Kedrin,
86th infantry. Vilmanstrand Regiment of Supports. sprinz,
24th East-Sib. shooter shelf piece-cap. Velikanov,
23rd East-Sib. shooter regiment of instructions Lapinsky,
8th Sib. Tomsk regiment entrusted. Simonenkov,
commands. 3rd battery 7th artillery. brigades of the lieutenant colonel Davydov,
11th East-Sib. mining battery cap. Levachev,
140th Zaraisky Regiment Stepanenko,
pack machine gun companies of the 6th Vost.-Sib. shooter divisions instructed. Terekhov and
10th East-Sib. shooter support shelf. Babenko.

4th Ural Kaz. shelf podaul Zheleznov.

5th Ural Kaz. shelf podaul Zelentsov.

In total, the Order of St. Velikomuch. George 4 tbsp. 74 persons were awarded, of which 5 were awarded for the battle near Dashichao, 24 near Liaoyang, 22 on Shah and 15 near Mukden.

Distribution of awards:

a) according to the ranks of those awarded: generals - 12, officers - 31, chief officers - 30 and priest - 1;

b) by type of weapon: in the infantry - 50, in the artillery - 19, in the Cossack. regiments - 2, in the border guards - 1, gene. PCS. - one.

B). Port Arthur garrison.

George 3rd class.

1) Command. 3rd Sib. arm. corps. g.-l. stossel,
2) Head of the 4th East-Sib. shooter divisions g.-l. fok,
3) head of the 7th East-Sib. shooter divisions g.-l. Kondratenko († ),
4) head of artillery of the 3rd Sib. corps g.-l. Nikitin,
5) commands. 2nd brigade of the 4th East-Sib. divisions g.-l. Nadein,
6) commands. 4th East-Sib. shooter artillery brigades g.-m. Irman.

George 4th class.

Headquarters of the 3rd Sib. arm. cases:
gene. PCS. g.-m. Flight, lieutenant colonel. Iolshin († ),
capital: Stepanov and Golovan;
adjut. g.-l. Stessel - 9th East-Sib. shooter support shelf. book. Gantimurov.

4th East-Sib. shooter divisions:
13th Regiment Col. Gandurin, instruct. Afanasiev and Yasevich, support Lentionov
14th command regiment. g.-m. Savitsky, lieutenant colonel. Tyszkiewicz,
15th command regiment. g.-m. Gryaznov, lieutenant colonel. Saichuk, piece-cap. Rozhansky and Borzinsky.
16th regiment lieutenant colonel .: Lisaevsky and Museumus, capt. Verkhovsky, support Burnevich and Yafimovich.

7th East-Sib. shooter division:
division commander g.-m. Kondratenko, commands. 1st brigade g.-m. Gorbatovsky.
25th regiment, lieutenant colonel. Rezanov, piece-cap. Bulgakov, instruct. Lyzlov and Florov.
26th command regiment. fl.-ad. regiments. Semenov, capt. Kirilenko and Lavrov,
27th command regiment. regiments. Petrusha, lieutenant colonel. Budyansky, then Starikov,
28th regiment. Erofeev and Ivashchenko, support Krumin.

5th East-Sib. Shooter. a shelf:
commands. g.-m. Tretyakov, pcs.-cap. Sychev and Belozerov, instruct. Vasiliev.

4th East-Sib. shooter a shelf:
lieutenant colonel Golitsinsky;

12th East-Sib. shooter a shelf:
backwater Mulberg.

4th East-Sib. shooter artillery brigades:
commands. brigades g.-m. Irman, lieutenant colonel. Romanovsky,
capital. Ali-Aga-Shikhlinsky, pcs.-cap. Deshin and Yasenskiy, instruct. Glebovich-Polonsky and Yakubovich.

7th East-Sib. artillery division:
commands. division g.-m. Mehmandarov, lieutenant colonel. Dobrov,
captains Skrydlov and Tsvetkov, instruct. boye.

Quantum. crepe. artillery:
chief of artillery g.-m. White, regiment. Takhotelov,
cap. Vakhneev and Andreev, support Sadykov and Kalnin.

Quantum. crepe. glanders. companies:
piece-cap. Smirnov, instruct. Debogoriy-Mokrievich.

Border Guard:
lieutenant colonel Butusov († );

military engineers:
regiment. Grigorenko, lieutenant colonel. Rashevsky († ), capt. von Schwartz;

military judicial departments:
capital. Velyaminov.

In total for the defense of Port Arthur were awarded: George 3 tbsp. - 6 generals, George 4 tbsp. - 9 genes, 17 officers and 40 general officers, total 66 people.

By types of weapons awarding hordes. St. great martyr. George 4th step. distributed: in the infantry - 41, in the artillery - 18, in the engineer. troops - 5, in the border. guards - 1 and in the military court. department - 1.

In addition, for participation in land operations received George 4 tbsp. four naval officers:
late: Maksimov 7th(for August 9) and Podgursky 1st(for 6-10 Sept.),
midshipman Unkovsky 2nd(Nov 13)
Corps of engineers fur. since. Losev(November 17),
eng.-mech. since. Belov(Sept. 3).

AT). Fleet ranks.

George 4th class.

The entire officer staff of the cruiser "Varyag" and sailors. gunner. boats "Korean", namely:
on the "Varyag":
commands. capital. 1st rank Rudnev 2nd,
capital. 2nd rank Stepanov 3rd,
late. Berling, Zarubaev and behrens,
michm. Shilling, Chernilovsky-Falcon, Loboda, Gubonin, Euler and Balk,
eng. fur.: Lakes, Soldiers, Zorin, Spiridonov,
doctors: Bravestin and Banshchikov;
on the boat "Korean":
k-r capit. 2nd rank Belyaev 2nd,
capital. 2nd rank Zasukhin,
late: Stepanov 8th and Levitsky,
michm.: Boysman, Butlerov and Birilev,
eng.-mech. Franc,
doctor Merkushev;
total - 23 officers and 3 doctors.

Commander 1 Esq. fleet Pacific Ocean k.-a. Jessen,
commands. cruiser "Gromoboy" fl.-ad. capital. 1st p. Dabich,
commands. cruiser "Russia" capt. 1st rank Andreev 2nd,
capital. 2nd rank Vinogradsky 1st,
late: Ivanov 11th, Rhine, bar. Grevenitz, Vladislavlev, Molas, Dyachkov 2nd,
late. Ivanov 13th, (who commanded the cruiser "Rurik"),
michm. Shiryaev;
a total of 12 officers.

Commander of the cruiser "Novik" Capt. 2nd rank von Schulz and
late. Porembsky.

Command. cruiser "Almaz" fl.-ad. capital. 2 ranks Chagin,
commands. destroyer "Brave" Capt. 2nd rank Durnovo and
eng.-mech. order. Berenov.

For distinction in other combat clashes.

Command. battleship "Retvizan" capt. 1st rank Schensnovich(February 11, 1904)
commands. destroyer "Strong" capt. 2nd rank Krinitsky(March 14th)
commands. cruiser "Bayan" capt. 1st rank viren(March 31),
commands. Transport "Amur" Capt. 2nd rank Ivanov 6th(May 2),
commands. boats "Beaver" capt. 2nd rank Shelting(June 1st),
commands. destroyer "Sentry" lieutenant. Nepenin(December 1–2), late. Dmitriev 8th, capt. 2nd rank Lazarev, Lt. Dmitriev 5th,
commands. battleship "Sevastopol" capt. 1st rank von Essen.

Counting 4 officers who distinguished themselves in land defense Port Arthur,
in total awarded in the Navy with the Order of St. George 4th class. 54 officers and 3 doctors.

Vologda residents - participants of the First World War

Fokin V.V. Residents of Mezhdurechensk - holders of the St. George Cross: [based on the speech of E.L. Demidova at the Vvedensky readings on the topic "Mesopotamia - the birthplace of the heroes of the Russian-Japanese and World War I"]

At the VI Vvedensky local history readings held at the end of April, many were interested in the speech of E.L. Demidova, chief librarian of the rare books sector of the regional library. Her report was on the topic "Mesopotamia - the birthplace of the heroes of the Russian-Japanese and World War I", prepared based on materials State Archive Vologda region. Elena Leonidovna managed to find information about almost three hundred Gryazovites who were awarded for military feats of high military award- George Cross different degrees. Among them are several dozens of Mezhdurechens, natives of the Avnezhskaya and Novo-Nikolskaya volosts of the Gryazovets district, whose territory is now within the boundaries of the Botanovsky and Staroselsky settlements.

We bring to the attention of readers a list of soldiers awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious from among the private and junior commanding staff Russian army the beginning of the last century.

Full cavalier of the St. George Cross, awarded the order of all four degrees

- Mikhail Ivanovich Rigin, born on July 17, 1882, a native of the village of Staroe, Novo-Nikolsky volost, Gryazovets district. Service in the army began on October 16, 1903 in the 104th Ustyug General Prince Bagration Regiment.

During the First World War he served in the 296th Gryazovets infantry regiment, junior non-commissioned officer, senior non-commissioned officer. Had several wounds. He was awarded the St. George Cross of the 4th degree in February 1915, the 3rd degree - in July 1915, the 2nd degree - the date is unknown. He was awarded the St. George Cross of the first degree by order of the regiment dated March 8, 1916 No. 22, later promoted to second lieutenant.

Knights of the George Cross, participants in the Russian-Japanese and World War I

- Mikhail Stepanovich Noskov - a native of the village of Kozlovo of the Popovo-Pochinkovsky society of the Avnega volost. During the Russo-Japanese War, he was awarded the Military Order of the 4th degree. During the First World War - a private of the 1st Rostov Infantry Regiment, was seriously wounded in the head. George Cross 4th degree. Children (1915): Peter 12 years old, Pavel 8 years old, Anastasia 5 years old, Claudia 2 years old.

- Sergey Timofeevich (Arsentyevich?) Savichev - a native of the village of Oborino, Novo-Nikolsky volost. During the Russo-Japanese War - a sailor of the 15th naval crew, was awarded the Military Order of the 4th degree. During World War I, Jr. non-commissioned officer. Cavalier of St. George's Crosses 4th, 3rd and 2nd degree.

Cavaliers of the St. George Cross, 4th class, who died in battle, died of wounds, or went missing
(in brackets - date of death)

- Pavel Aleksandrovich Gorchakov (03/11/1916) - a native of the village of Zhobrovo, Avnega volost, private of the 278th Kromsky Infantry Regiment. The pension for him was assigned to the widow from August 1, 1917.

- Mikhail Vasilyevich Krasotin (11/27/1914) - a native of the village of Svatilovo, Avnega volost, who served in the 296th Infantry Regiment of Gryazovets.

- Ivan Arsenyevich Noskov (02.12.1915) - a native of the village of Karpovo, Novo-Nikolsky volost, junior non-commissioned officer of the 296th Infantry Regiment of Gryazovets. The George Cross was given to his wife Claudia Noskova.

- Alexander Osokin (1915) - a native of the village of Bykovo, Avnega volost, corporal of the 296th Infantry Regiment of Gryazovets. He was awarded the cross on November 14, 1914. He died of wounds, the widow was granted a pension.

- Alexei Stepanovich Pavlov (08/08/1916) - a native of the village of Grekhnevka, Novo-Nikolsky volost, corporal of the 1st rifle regiment. His widow Claudia Pavlova received a pension for the cross.

- Konstantin Rogozin (1916) - a native of the village of Vasyanka, Avnega volost, junior non-commissioned officer of the 22nd Nizhny Novgorod Infantry Regiment. Missing, cross given to parents.

- Aleksey Alekseevich Svilev (02/07/1915) - a native of the village of Kuzminskoye, Novo-Nikolsky volost, served in the 296th Infantry Regiment of Gryazovets.

- Timofei Sukharev (1915) - a native of the village of Yesyunino, Novo-Nikolsky volost, corporal of the 296th Infantry Regiment of Gryazovets.

- Ivan Efremovich Tonogin (1916) - a native of the Novo-Nikolskaya volost, senior non-commissioned officer of the 146th Tsaritsyn Infantry Regiment. Crosses of the 3rd and 4th degrees were sent to his widow Claudia Petrovna Tonogina.

Cavaliers of the George Cross, who were seriously injured

- Ivan Pavlovich Tyurin (date of birth 02/23/1890, date of death unknown) - a native of the village of Balandino, Novo-Nikolsky volost. In service since October 17, 1911, he was awarded medals in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty. During the First World War - fireworks of the 1st Reserve Artillery Battalion. Awarded St. George's crosses: 4th degree - in October 1914, 3rd degree - in March 1915. Discharged due to illness in September 1917.

- Nikolai Konstantinovich Shirkunov - a native of the village of Popov Pochinok, Avnega volost, junior non-commissioned officer of the 9th Finnish Rifle Regiment. After being wounded, he underwent amputation of his left arm, and was fired in September 1915. Awarded with Crosses of the 4th and 3rd degrees.

- Alexander Popov - a native of the village of Rogachevo, Avnega volost, junior non-commissioned officer of the 296th Infantry Regiment of Gryazovets. Wounded in action in 1915, written off due to injury, Cross 4th class.

- Nikolai Alexandrovich Trusov (date of birth 10/08/1890, date of death unknown) - a native of the village of Zhobrovo, Avnega volost. In the service since October 1912, since 1915 - corporal, since 1916 - junior non-commissioned officer of the 148th Infantry Caspian Regiment. Wounded in action May 22, 1915.

Cross 4th class

- Mikhail Filippovich Shirkunov - a native of the village of Popov Pochinok, Avnega volost, in the service since July 20, 1914. For battles in the Carpathians in February 1915 he was awarded the Cross of the 4th degree, in April of the same year he was taken prisoner by the wounded in Austria.

Cavaliers of the St. George Cross of the 4th degree, information about which is presented without details

- Alexander Makarov - a native of the village of Dor, Avnega volost, a junior fireworker of the 1st Finnish mountain artillery division.

- Alexander Vasilyevich Noskov - a native of the village of Guzarevo, Avnega volost, volunteer bombardier of the 67th artillery brigade.

- Dmitry Palnikov - a native of the village of Lavrentyevo, Avnega volost, senior non-commissioned officer.

- Fedor Popov - a native of the village of Rogachevo, Avnega volost, private.

- Evgeny Vasilievich Shekhirev (born in 1890 - d.?) - a native of the village of Zakharovo, Shuisky volost, Totemsky district.

St. George medal of the 3rd and 4th degrees

During the years of the First World War, 11 people, residents of the Avnega and Novo-Nikolskaya volosts of the Gryazovets district, were awarded.

A list of natives of the Shuya volost of the Totemsky district - participants in the First World War is available in the book of Elena Demidova " St. George Cavaliers Totemsky district", published on their own in the regional library. I. V. Babushkina. We will give it for publication in local newspaper a bit later.

And now I would like to turn to the residents of our district, whose relatives are mentioned in the above list of holders of the St. George Cross. Perhaps the families have preserved photographs former soldiers beginning of the 20th century. These photographs on the eve of the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the First World War can be excellent material about feats of arms of our fellow countrymen, a contribution to replenishment of information about the heroes of the Russian-Japanese and the First World Wars. Finished copies with attributes (that is, a description of the hero or plot of the photograph and its history) or originals for copying will be accepted by the regional museum for storage and use in the preparation of exhibitions.

Source: Fokin V.V. Residents of Mezhdurechensk - holders of the St. George Cross: [based on the speech of E.L. Demidova at the Vvedensky readings on the topic "Mesopotamia - the birthplace of the heroes of the Russian-Japanese and World War I"] / V. Fokin // Mesopotamia. - 2013. - July 23. – P. 3.

On the night of February 8-9, 1904, the Russo-Japanese War began with a Japanese attack on the Russian squadron near Port Arthur. This was probably one of the biggest failures of the Russian army in history. But this does not detract from the exploits of our heroes.

Vsevolod Rudnev, commander of the cruiser Varyag

On February 9, 1904, Rudnev received an ultimatum from Japanese Rear Admiral Uriu demanding to leave the raid before noon, otherwise the Japanese threatened to open fire on Russian ships in a neutral port, which was gross violation international law. Vsevolod Rudnev refused and decided to go for a breakthrough. Before the formation of officers and sailors of the cruiser, he informed them about the ultimatum of the Japanese and about his decision.

In particular, he said the following: “Of course, we are going for a breakthrough and will engage in battle with the squadron, no matter how strong it is. There can be no questions about surrender - we will not surrender the cruiser and ourselves and will fight to the last opportunity and to the last drop of blood. The fight was brutal. As a result of the battle, it was decided to transfer the cruiser's crew to foreign ships, and to destroy the ships themselves. "Korean" was blown up, and "Varyag" was flooded. In 1905, the Japanese raised the Varyag and introduced it into their fleet under the name Soya. For ten years, the cruiser, generously donated by Rudnev, served Japan. Russia bought the Varyag from former enemies only during the First World War, in 1916, along with other captured ships of the First Pacific Squadron

Vasily Zverev, mechanical engineer of the destroyer "Strong"

March 27, 1904 at 2:15 a.m. at night, the Japanese made a second attempt to block the entrance to the inner raid, sending 4 large commercial steamers, accompanied by 6 destroyers; the patrol destroyer "Strong" rushed to the attack, dealt with the ships and entered into battle with six Japanese destroyers. Having received a hole in the steam pipeline, "Strong" turned into a fixed target for enemy fire. Then Zverev closed the hole with his body and returned the course to the ship, sacrificing his life. The dead were solemnly buried in Port Arthur.

Grigory Khodosevich, Commander of the Port Arthur Fortress

On March 30, 1904, the destroyer Terrible entered into an unequal battle with four Japanese ships. In an unequal battle, 49 sailors died. Only five people survived, and Khodosevich was among the rescued. In the bloody confusion of the battle, he managed to get out of the safe and hide between two life jackets the secret package of the commander of the Pacific squadron Makarov and the entire cash amount of the ship's treasury. Gregory was seriously wounded in the back. Caught in ice water He didn't feel his legs at all.

Before leaving the sinking ship, Grigory hid a secret package with a reconnaissance task under a cork rescue belt, following the order of the chief of the watch, Maleev. Khodosevich knew well what military duty. Seeing the Japanese boat, with stiff fingers, he began to tear the package to shreds and hurriedly chew the soaked scraps of paper mixed with seaweed. The Japanese, noticing the Russian, hastily destroying, apparently, some important document, hurried to raise Khodosevich and his comrades on board. The Japanese sailors, having interrogated Khodosevich to no avail and unsuccessfully examined the remains of the package, sent him to a prisoner of war camp. There he stayed until the end of the war. After the end of the war, among 70 thousand Russian prisoners of war, Grigory Khodosevich returned to his homeland.

Avvakum Nikolaevich Volkov, senior non-commissioned officer

During the Russo-Japanese War, Avvakum Nikolaevich Volkov became a full Knight of St. George. He received the first George Cross of the 4th degree for bravery at the beginning of the war. After only a few weeks, when it was necessary to know the location Japanese troops, trumpeter Volkov volunteered to go on reconnaissance. Dressed in Chinese clothes, the young soldier reconnoitered the location of two large enemy detachments. But soon I came across a Japanese patrol of 20 dragoons led by an officer. The Japanese guessed who this unusual young Chinese was. Drawing a revolver from his bosom, the scout killed three dragoons with point-blank shots. And while the rest were trying to take him alive, Volkov jumped on the horse of one of the dead.

A long chase, attempts to bypass and shooting did not bring success. Volkov broke away from his pursuers and safely returned to his regiment. For this feat, Avvakum Volkov was awarded the St. George Cross of the 3rd degree. In one of the battles, the wounded Avvakum is taken prisoner by the Japanese. After a short trial, he was sentenced to death. However, the soldier managed to escape that night. After ten days of exhausting wanderings in the remote taiga, Volkov returned to the regiment, and received the St. George Cross of the 2nd degree. But the war continued. And before the battle near Mukden, Volkov again volunteered for reconnaissance. This time, an experienced scout, having completed the task, removed the guard from the enemy powder magazine and blew it up. Behind new feat he received the St. George Cross of the 1st degree and became a full Knight of St. George.

Vasily Ryabov, Private

In the clothes of a Chinese peasant, in a wig with a pigtail, scout Ryabov ran into a Japanese patrol behind enemy lines. During interrogation, he steadfastly kept military secret and, being sentenced to death, behaved with dignity. Everything happened strictly according to the ritual. Shot from guns from fifteen paces. The Japanese were delighted with the courageous behavior of the Russian and considered it their duty to bring this to the attention of his superiors. A note from a Japanese officer sounds like a presentation for an award: “Our army cannot but express our sincere wishes respected army, so that the latter would bring up more of such truly beautiful, worthy of full respect warriors.

Roman Kondratenko, lieutenant general, military engineer

He led the defense of Port Arthur, was engaged in the improvement of defensive positions, personally led the defense in the most difficult and hazardous areas. Roman Kondratenko knew how to raise the morale of the soldiers in the most difficult moments of the siege of the city, which could several times reflect the assault of the Japanese. He died on December 15, 1904 from a direct hit in the casemate of the fort by a howitzer shell. 8 more officers died with him. After graduating from Russian Japanese war the body of the hero was solemnly reburied in St. Petersburg, in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Pyotr Butusov, Russian border guard officer, lieutenant colonel

In 1904, he was the head of the Kwantung Department of the Special Zaamur District of the OKPS. On June 13, 1904, on the orders of the commander of the forward detachment of the 4th East Siberian Division, Colonel Ya. U. Shishko, he drove the Japanese out of Mount Kuinsan. On August 28, 1904, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav II degree for the skillful leadership of his units and "excellent courage" in the battles of June 20 and 21. In July, Butusov led the search, in which the enemy cannon was blown up by border guards, and the locks were removed from three. On August 6, Butusov's border guards, together with the arrows, drove the Japanese out of the Water Redoubt they captured. On October 15, 1904, for the courage shown in the battles to repel the second assault on Port Arthur, Lieutenant Colonel Butusov was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree. November 21, 1904, during the fourth assault on Port Arthur, Butusov was appointed General Kondratenko R.I. commandant of Mount High, where he was mortally wounded. He died November 22, 1904, and was buried on military cemetery Port Arthur.

The St. George ribbon, on which a cross with the image of a saint was attached in the 19th - early 20th centuries, has been symbolizing the victory of our country in the Great Patriotic war. She is also the link between the characters. Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

The full St. George Cavaliers in our country enjoyed universal honor even in the twenties and forties, when they wanted to erase everything that was before from the people's memory. October revolution. Among them there are those who later became a Hero Soviet Union, including many times.

background

The Order of St. George appeared in the list of awards of the Russian Empire in 1769. He had 4 degrees of distinction and was intended for officers. Full Knights of the Order of St. George became only 4 people:

• M. I. Kutuzov.
• M. B. Barclay de Tolly.
• I. F. Paskevich-Erivansky.
• I. I. Dibich-Zabalkansky.

institution

On the this moment it is not known who exactly was the initiator of the establishment of the Insignia of the Military Order or, as it was more commonly called, the St. George Cross. According to the surviving documents, in 1807 a note was filed in the name of Alexander the First proposing to establish a soldier's award. It was to become "a special branch of the Order of St. George." The idea was approved, and already at the beginning of February 1807, a corresponding manifesto was issued.

There are many cases of confusion associated with the fact that the order is confused with the soldier's "Egoriy". For example, if it is claimed that Colonel Zorya Lev Ivanovich, who graduated from the cadet school in 1881, is a full Knight of St. George, then one can immediately object that this is a mistake. Indeed, among the officers there was no one who was awarded such a cross again, and the last who had an order of all 4 degrees was I.I. Dibich-Zabaikalsky - died in 1831.

Description

The award is a cross, the blades of which expanded towards the end. In its center is a round medallion. The obverse depicted St. George with a spear, striking a snake. On the reverse side of the medallion there are the letters С and Г connected in the form of a monogram.

The cross was worn on everything today by the well-known “color of smoke and flame” (black and orange) ribbon.

Since 1856, the award began to have 4 degrees. The first and second were made of gold, and the other two were made of silver. The reverse indicated the degree of the award and its serial number.

There were also special "Muslim" insignia of the Military Order. Instead of a Christian saint, they depicted Russian coat of arms. Interestingly, people from North Caucasus when awarding "Egoriy", they demanded to give them the option "with a dzhigit", instead of the prescribed one.

In 1915, due to the difficulties caused by the war, crosses of the 1st and 2nd degrees began to be made from an alloy that consisted of 60% gold, 39.5% silver and half a percent copper. At the same time, the signs of the 3rd and 4th degrees were not subject to change.

Awarded

In the summer of 1807, non-commissioned officer E. I. Mitrokhin received the first St. George Cross. He was decorated for bravery in the battle against the French near Friedland.

There are known cases of awarding and civilians. So, in 1810, the St. George Cross was awarded to the tradesman M. A. Gerasimov. Together with his comrades, this brave man arrested the British military who captured the Russian merchant ship, and was able to bring the ship to the port of Varde. There, the prisoners were interned, and the merchants were helped. In addition, for heroism in the Patriotic War of 1812, commanders received St. George's crosses without numbers. partisan detachments from among the civilians of the lower class.

Among the others interesting facts associated with the awarding of the St. George Cross, we can note his presentation to the famous General Miloradovich. This brave commander, in the battle near Leipzig, in front of Alexander the First, got into line with the soldiers and led them into a bayonet attack, for which he received “Egoria” from the hands of the emperor, who did not rely on him by status.

Full Cavaliers

The four-degree cross existed for 57 years. Over the years, about 2,000 people got into the full St. George Cavaliers (list). In addition, about 7,000 crosses of the second, third and fourth degrees were awarded, 3rd and 4th - about 25,000, and 4th degree - 205,336.

At the time of the October Revolution, several hundred full St. George Knights lived in Russia. Many of them joined the Red Army and rose to the highest military ranks THE USSR. Of these, 7 also became Heroes of the Soviet Union. Among them:

• Ageev G.I. (posthumously).
• Budyonny S.M.
• Kozyr M. E.
• Lazarenko I. S.
• Meshryakov M. M.
• Nedorubov K.I.
• Tyulenev I.V.

S. M. Budyonny

The name of this legendary personality thundered in parts of the Russian cavalry during the First World War, and even earlier - the Russian-Japanese. For courage on the Austrian, German and Caucasian fronts, Semyon Mikhailovich was awarded crosses and medals of all 4 degrees.

His first award was received for the capture of a German convoy and 8 soldiers accompanying it. However, Budyonny was deprived of her because he hit an officer. This did not prevent him from getting on the list of "Full Knights of St. George", since on Turkish front Semyon Budyonny earned 3 St. George's Crosses during the battles for Van and Mendelidj, and the last (first degree) - for capturing 7 enemy soldiers. Thus, he became the person who received 5 awards.

During the period civil war he initiated the creation, and in 1935 he and four other commanders of the USSR were awarded the rank of marshal.

During the Second World War, Semyon Budyonny did not have the opportunity to show his abilities, as he was removed from command of the South-Western direction of the front because of a telegram in which he honestly described the danger that threatened those who were in the so-called Kiev bag.

AT post-war years The commander was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union three times.

Kuzma Petrovich Trubnikov

This legendary person was a participant in three wars. For the exploits committed between 1914 and 1917, he received many awards. In particular, the list of "Full Cavaliers of St. George" also contains his last name. He showed himself no less heroically during the Second World War, organizing the defense of Tula, commanding troops during the Battle of Stalingrad, commanding the units entrusted to him during the liberation of Yelnya, etc. At the Victory Parade, Trubnikov, who at that time had already been awarded the rank of colonel general, led box consolidated regiment 2nd Belorussian Front. For his long service, the military leader was awarded 38 orders and medals. tsarist Russia, the USSR and a number of other countries.

Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev

The future was born in the participant's family Russian-Turkish war. He was drafted into the army at the beginning of the First World War and ended up in a regiment, where K.K. Rokossovsky also served at that time. Starting a war simple soldier, Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev rose to the rank of ensign. For the heroism shown in the battles on the territory of Poland, he was awarded the George Cross four times. In the very first days of the Second World War, Tyulenev was appointed commander of the Southern Front, but in August he was seriously wounded, and after the hospital he was sent to the Urals to form 20 divisions. In 1942, the commander was sent to the Caucasus. At his request, the defense of the Main Range was strengthened, which in the future made it possible to stop the offensive of the Nazis, with the aim of capturing oil fields in the Caspian Sea region.

In 1978, for merits in defending the Motherland and increasing the country's defense capability, I. V. Tyulenev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and he became one of the seven outstanding military men who were awarded the highest award of the USSR, having the title "Full St. George Cavalier of the First World War" .

R. Ya. Malinovsky

The future, at the age of 11, ran away from home due to the marriage of his mother and worked as a laborer until he got into the army, attributing two years to himself. The deception was revealed, but the teenager was able to persuade the command to leave him to bring ammunition to the machine gunners. In 1915, the 17-year-old soldier received his first Egoriy. Then he was sent to France as part of Expeditionary Corps, where he was twice awarded by the government of the Third Republic. In 1919, Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky enrolled in Foreign Legion and for bravery German front became a Knight of the French Military Cross. In addition, by order of the Kolchak general D. Shcherbachev, he was awarded the St. George Cross of the third degree.

In 1919, Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky returned to his homeland and became one of the active participants in the Civil War, and in the late 30s he was sent as a military adviser to Spain.

The merits of this commander during the Great Patriotic War are also invaluable. In particular, the troops under his command liberated Odessa, played important role in Battle of Stalingrad, expelled the Nazis from Budapest and took Vienna.

After the end of the war in Europe, Malinovsky was sent to Far East, where the actions of the Trans-Baikal Front led by him finally defeated the Japanese group. For the successful implementation of this operation, Rodion Yakovlevich received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Secondarily Golden Star was awarded to him in 1958.

Other Soviet generals awarded the St. George Cross for bravery

Before the revolution, other soldiers of the imperial army, who were destined to become famous commanders of the USSR, were also awarded the soldier's "Egoriy" before the revolution. Among them are Sidor Kovpak and Konstantin Rokossovsky, who were awarded two crosses. In addition, three such awards were famous hero Civil War V. Chapaev.

Now you know the details of the biographies of some prominent military men who can be classified as "Full Knights of St. George." The list of their exploits is amazing, and they themselves deserve the respect and gratitude of their descendants, who are not indifferent to the fate of their native country.

Knight of St. George, stoker quartermaster of the 2nd article Andrey Anfinogenovich Zakharov (circa 1876 - 1927) was born in the village of Elbashinsky, Berdsky volost, Barnaul district, Tomsk province (now - the village of Elbashi, Iskitimsky district Novosibirsk region). Novosibirsk historian T.S. Mamsik points to the origin of the Elbashinsky Zakharovs from Siberian service people XVII century, who served in the Tomsk or Kuznetsk garrison. Representatives of this genus settled in the basin of the river. Birdy back in the first half of the 18th century. Based on the data of D.Ya. Rezun, it is possible that our countrymen Zakharovs are also descendants of the Cossack Ermakov's squad Ivan Zakharov.

January 27, 1904 nautical gunboat"Korean", on which the Iskitimets served, and armored cruiser 1st rank "Varangian" entered into an unequal battle with Japanese squadron at Chemulpo. For the courage shown in naval battle, A.A. Zakharov was awarded the Badge of Distinction of the Military Order of the 4th degree for No. 98079 and the medal “For the battle of the Varyag and the Korean”.

On April 16, 1904, A.A. Zakharov, with 30 officers and 600 sailors of the Varyag and the Korean, arrived in a special train from Sevastopol to St. Petersburg, where the teams were met by all higher ranks Fleet led by General-Admiral Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich. Then there were the solemn march of the "Varangians" along Nevsky Prospekt, the Highest parade on Palace Square and a prayer service in the Winter Palace, the presentation of gifts from the St. silver watch Pavel Bure. Each of the Varangians received Georgievsky cutlery, which he used at a gala dinner with the Emperor. On the dishes were depicted St. George's crosses, on the spoons - the faces of the Sovereign, Empress and their children, as well as marine symbols (anchors, ribbons, etc.). Later, A.A. Zakharov served in one of the crews Baltic Fleet, passed on combat experience to young sailors. After returning to Siberia, “a sailor from the peasants of the village of Elbash, dismissed to the reserve of the fleet”, Andrei Anfinogenovich Zakharov, married a resident of the village. Legostaevsky Anisya Andreevna Arkhipova. In August 1912, "reserve lower rank from the peasants ”Andrey Anfinogenovich Zakharov and his wife Anisya Andreevna baptized in the village. Legostaevsky, in the church of Michael the Archangel, his daughter Vera, and in February 1914 - her daughter Lydia.

Andrei Anfinogenovich died in the village. Elbashakh March 27, 1927. His son, Alexander Andreevich Zakharov, became a regular commander of the Red Army, participated in the Great Patriotic War, was transferred to the reserve with the rank of lieutenant colonel of artillery. The descendants of the Knight of St. George A.A. Zakharov live in the city. Novosibirsk, Iskitim, Berdsk, the village of Ryabchinka (Iskitimsky district) and the Rostov region.

According to the recollections of the indigenous inhabitants of Elbash, during the years of the Russo-Japanese War, another of their fellow countrymen, Semyon Lavrentievich Batenev, also awarded the Military Order of the 4th degree, served in the Russian squadron of the Pacific Ocean.

Knight of St. George, junior non-commissioned officer Ivan Mikhailovich Batenev (1878 - 1970) was born in the village of Taskaeva, Legostaevskaya volost (now - Iskitimsky district). The first of the Batenevs known to us is the nameless service man Batenev, who came with a detachment of Russian explorers in the middle XVII century to the river Yenisei. In memory of him, colleagues named Batenevsky mountain range on the left bank of the Yenisei (now the Batenevsky Ridge on the territory of Khakassia). In 1721, in an additional census, in the village of Shipunova, the department of the Berdsk prison (now the Shipunovsky microdistrict of the city of Iskitim) says “Grigorey Fedorov, a newcomer, son Batenev, 40 years old, he has nephews to his native Prokofey, 25 years old, Kornilo, 10 years old, .. and he was born Siberian province of Verkhotursky district of Kamyshlovskaya settlement. In 1747 in " revision tale”(copies of the original census) in the same village in which 34 raznochinets lived (a descendant of the Siberian service people of the 17th century), “Prokopey Prokopiev Son Batenev” was again recorded, now at the age of 50 years. In 1754, in the church-metric book of the parish in the name of the Archangel Michael in the village. The Batenevs were introduced in Legostaevsky. Perhaps they lived in the village of Elbashakh, which already existed at that time, the inhabitants of which were in the Legostaevsky Orthodox parish until 1926.

In 1904 - 1905. Ivan Batenev fought with the Japanese in Manchuria. The patrol, which included the mounted scout I. Batenev, conducted a search and came across a cavalry detachment. Ivan Mikhailovich attacked one of the samurai, stunned him with a mighty blow of a checker flat so that he flew out of the saddle and was taken to headquarters. The Siberian decided to capture the enemy alive, because there was a reward for the captured enemy.

During World War I, a veteran of the Russo-Japanese War served in a reserve regiment. During the Great Patriotic War, I.M. Batenev worked on a collective farm, for participation in the breeding of a new variety of wheat he was awarded the order Labor Red Banner.

The grandchildren and great-grandchildren of the military hero live in the city of Iskitim and the village of Linevo.

Iskitimtsy - heroes of the First World War 1914 - 1918

Cavalier of St. George Ilya Markelovich Zakharov (1876 - 1947) was born in the village of Elbashinsky, Berdsky volost, Barnaul district, Tomsk province (now - the village of Elbashi, Iskitimsky district). The Novosibirsk historian T.S. Mamsik points to the origin of the Elbashin Zakharovs from Siberian servicemen of the 17th century who served in the Tomsk or Kuznetsk garrison. Representatives of this genus settled in the basin of the river. Birdy back in the first half of the 18th century. Based on the data of D.Ya. Rezun, it is possible that our countrymen Zakharovs are also descendants of the Cossack Ermakov's squad Ivan Zakharov.

In view of the general mobilization in the Siberian Military District in 1904, in Russo-Japanese War was on military service, but information about his participation in the hostilities against the Japanese in Manchuria has not yet been found.

In the summer of 1914, he was assigned to the 41st Siberian rifle regiment, aimed at the Russian-German front. For his bravery he was awarded the St. George Cross of the 4th degree. In the autumn of the same year, I.M. Zakharov was wounded, for distinction in battles he was awarded the St. George Cross of the 3rd degree, which was personally presented to him on an ambulance train by Emperor Nicholas II.

After being cured in a hospital, he served in the city of Mogilev, apparently in the Georgievsky battalion to guard the Headquarters Supreme Commander formed from

Knights of St. George, "not capable of military service» due to severe wounds, concussions and due to age.

After 1917, he worked in the village of Elbashakh in an agricultural artel (its later name was “Gornyak”). The sons of Ilya Markelovich participated in the Great Patriotic War: Stepan, a senior machine-gun crew, was dismissed from service due to injury, after 1943 he worked in the defense industry; Nikolay and Georgy, commanders of the Red Army, fought until 1945.

The great-grandson of Ilya Markelovich, Igor Mikhailovich Zakharov is a veteran Afghan war, Commander of the Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR”, 3rd-1st class, military pilot 1st class, aviation major in the reserve, currently head of the Iskitim search and rescue squad of the Emergency and Rescue Service of the Novosibirsk Region.

A resident of the village of Taskaeva, Shibkovsky volost, Novo-Nikolaevsky district of the Tomsk province (now the Iskitimsky district), a participant in the Great (World War I) Fyodor Antonovich Ilyashchuk was born in 1881, most likely on the territory of modern Belarus. In 1914 he was awarded the St. George medal "For Courage" 4th degree (No. 298622), and in 1916 - the soldier's St. George's Cross 4th degree (No. 734641).

Perhaps F. Ilyashchuk was among the refugees who left for Siberia from the German occupation of the western provinces European Russia after Brest Peace and settled in the village of Taskaeva. Apparently, Fedor Antonovich, being a veteran of military operations against the Germans, could not stay in his homeland. In addition, according to the stories of relatives, he, apparently, until 1914 was a career employee of one of the "special services" of the Russian Empire (the Department of Customs Duties or the Separate Corps of Border Guards) and, in the conditions of enemy occupation, would certainly become an object close attention German counterintelligence.

From May 15 to October 8, 1919, he was at work on the construction of the 18th section of the South Siberian railway on the line Orsk - Barnaul - Semipalatinsk as a laborer. Later he became one of the organizers of the collective farm in the village of Taskaeva. In 1937 he worked at the Bolshevik collective farm as a groom, in 1954 as a saddler and watchman.

Fedor Antonovich Ilyashchuk died in the village of Taskaeva in January 1986.

The grandchildren of F.A. Ilyaschuk live in Iskitim. His St. George's awards are stored in the funds of the Iskitim City Historical and Art Museum.

Grigory Illarionovich Kuznetsov was born around 1889 in the village of Vesnina, Legostaevskaya volost, Barnaul district, Tomsk province (later - Iskitimsky district, Novosibirsk region) in the family of a migrant from Perm province. In 1910 he was called to serve in the Russian Imperial army. In battles with the Germans during the Great (First World) War of 1914 - 1918. got injured. For distinction at the front, he was awarded the soldier's St. George's Crosses of the 3rd and 4th degrees. AT postwar period worked as a builder in the village of Stepnoy.

He died in the village of Oktyabrsky, Iskitimsky district, in July 1957.

The grandson of Grigory Illarionovich, Lieutenant General Valery Ivanovich Varlamov, serves in Moscow, great-grandchildren also became officers: senior, Sergey - colonel, junior, Alexander - major.

In the pictures: Knights of St. George I.M. Zakharov (photo from personal archive I.M. Zakharova); F.A. Ilyashchuk (photo from the funds of the Iskitim City Historical and Art Museum); G.I. Kuznetsov (photo reproduction of the portrait from the personal archive of G.I. Sukhikh); A.A. Zakharov (from the personal archive of N.A. Balabko); I.M. Batenev when he was a junior non-commissioned officer of the reserve regiment (1913), with his wife Anastasia, nee Kashnikova (from the personal archive of Yu.I. Dedigurov).

A.I. Oborkin, member of the Russian Military Historical Society