What color are the planets of the solar system in order. solar system

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solar system is a group of planets revolving in certain orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This luminary is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our system of planets was formed as a result of the explosion of one or more stars and this happened about 4.5 billion years ago. At first, the solar system was a collection of gas and dust particles, however, over time and under the influence of its own mass, the Sun and other planets arose.

Planets of the solar system

In the center of the solar system is the Sun, around which eight planets move in their orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto also belongs to this group of planets, it was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, due to its considerable distance from the Sun and its small size, it was excluded from this list and called a dwarf planet. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Kuiper Belt.

All the above planets are usually divided into two large groups: terrestrial group and gas giants.

The terrestrial group includes such planets as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They are distinguished by their small size and rocky surface, and in addition, they are located closer than the others to the Sun.

The gas giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets are made up mostly of gas.

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closest to the Sun. This neighborhood predetermined a significant temperature difference. The average temperature on Mercury during the day is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night it is -170 degrees.

1. Mercury is the first planet from the Sun.
2. There are no seasons on Mercury. The tilt of the planet's axis is almost perpendicular to the plane of the planet's orbit around the Sun.
3. The temperature on the surface of Mercury is not the highest, although the planet is located closest to the Sun. He lost first place to Venus.
4. The first research vehicle to visit Mercury was Mariner 10. It conducted a series of demonstration flybys in 1974.
5. A day on Mercury lasts 59 Earth days, and a year is only 88 days.
6. On Mercury, the most dramatic temperature changes are observed, which reach 610 ° C. During the day, the temperature can reach 430 ° C, and at night -180 ° C.
7. The force of gravity on the surface of the planet is only 38% of the Earth's. This means that on Mercury you could jump three times as high, and it would be easier to lift heavy objects.
8. The first telescope observations of Mercury were made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
9. Mercury has no natural satellites.
10. The first official map of the surface of Mercury was published only in 2009, thanks to data obtained from the Mariner 10 and Messenger spacecraft.

Venus

This planet is the second from the Sun. In size, it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12,104 km. In all other respects, Venus is significantly different from our planet. A day here lasts 243 Earth days, and a year - 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% carbon dioxide, which creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

1. Venus is the second planet from the Sun in the solar system.
2. Venus is the most hot planet in the solar system, although it is the second planet from the sun. Surface temperature can reach 475°C.
   
3. The first spacecraft sent to explore Venus was launched from Earth on February 12, 1961 and was called Venera 1.
4. Venus is one of two planets that has a different direction of rotation than most planets in the solar system.
5. The orbit of the planet around the Sun is very close to circular.
6. The day and night temperatures of the surface of Venus are practically the same due to the large thermal inertia of the atmosphere.
7. Venus makes one revolution around the Sun in 225 Earth days, and one revolution around its axis in 243 Earth days, that is, one day on Venus lasts more than one year.
8. The first telescope observations of Venus were made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century.
9. Venus has no natural satellites.
10. Venus is the third brightest object in the sky, after the Sun and Moon.

Earth

Our planet is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun, and this allows us to create on its surface a temperature suitable for the existence of water in liquid form, and, therefore, for the emergence of life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only one of the planets that has such an amount of liquid. It is believed that many thousands of years ago, the steam contained in the atmosphere created the temperature on the Earth's surface necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to photosynthesis and the birth of life on the planet.

1. Earth is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.a;
2. One natural satellite revolves around our planet - the Moon;
   
3. The earth is the only planet, bearing the name not in honor of a divine being;
4. The Earth's density is the largest of all the planets in the solar system;
5. The speed of the Earth's rotation is gradually slowing down;
6. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 astronomical unit (a conventional measure of length in astronomy), which is approximately 150 million km;
7. The earth has a magnetic field strong enough to protect living organisms on its surface from harmful solar radiation;
8. First artificial satellite The Earth under the name PS-1 (The simplest satellite - 1) was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on the Sputnik launch vehicle on October 4, 1957;
9. In orbit around the Earth, in comparison with other planets, there is the most a large number of space vehicles;
10. The earth is the most big planet the terrestrial group in the solar system;

Mars

This planet is the fourth in a row from the Sun and is 1.5 times more distant from it than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is smaller than Earth's and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet ranges from -155 degrees to +20 degrees at the equator. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is quite rarefied, which allows unhindered solar radiation affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

When surveyed with the help of rovers, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried riverbeds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. Iron oxide gives Mars its color.

1. Mars is located on the fourth orbit from the Sun;
2. The Red Planet hosts the tallest volcano in the solar system;
   
3. Of the 40 exploration missions sent to Mars, only 18 were successful;
4. Mars has the largest dust storms in the solar system;
5. In 30-50 million years, a system of rings will be located around Mars, like that of Saturn;
6. Fragments of Mars have been found on Earth;
7. The sun from the surface of Mars looks half as large as from the surface of the Earth;
   
8. Mars is the only planet in the solar system that has polar ice caps;
9. Two natural satellites revolve around Mars - Deimos and Phobos;
10. Mars does not have magnetic field;

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times larger than the earth. A day on Jupiter lasts 10 hours, and a year is approximately 12 earth years. Jupiter is mainly composed of xenon, argon, and krypton. If it were 60 times larger, it could become a star due to a spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium. There is no oxygen or water on its surface. There is an assumption that there is ice in the atmosphere of Jupiter.

1. Jupiter is located in the fifth orbit from the Sun;
2. In the earth's sky, Jupiter is the fourth brightest object, after the Sun, Moon and Venus;
   
3. Jupiter has the shortest day of all the planets in the solar system;
4. In Jupiter's atmosphere, one of the longest and most powerful storms in the solar system, better known as the Great Red Spot, rages;
5. Jupiter's moon, Ganymede, is the most big moon in the solar system;
6. Around Jupiter is a thin system of rings;
7. Jupiter was visited by 8 research vehicles;
   
8. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field;
   
9. If Jupiter were 80 times more massive, it would become a star;
10. There are 67 natural satellites revolving around Jupiter. This is the largest figure in the solar system;

Saturn

This planet is the second largest in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in composition to the Sun. A year on this planet lasts quite a long time, almost 30 earth years, and a day is 10.5 hours. The average surface temperature is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. Thunderstorms often occur in its upper layers and auroras.

1. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun;
2. Saturn's atmosphere has some of the strongest winds in the solar system;
   
3. Saturn is one of the least dense planets in the solar system;
   
4. Around the planet is the most big system rings in the solar system;
5. One day on the planet lasts almost one Earth year and is equal to 378 Earth days;
6. Saturn was visited by 4 research spacecraft;
7. Saturn together with Jupiter make up approximately 92% of the entire planetary mass of the solar system;
8. One year on the planet lasts 29.5 Earth years;
9. There are 62 known natural satellites revolving around the planet;
10. Currently, the automatic interplanetary station Cassini is engaged in the study of Saturn and its rings;

Uranus

Uranus, computer artwork.

Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system and the seventh from the sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "ice planet", as the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. A day on Uranus lasts 17 hours, and a year is 84 Earth years. At the same time, summer lasts as long as winter - 42 years. Such a natural phenomenon due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that Uranus, as it were, "lies on its side."

1. Uranus is located in the seventh orbit from the Sun;
2. The first to know about the existence of Uranus was William Herschel in 1781;
   
3. Only one spacecraft has visited Uranus, Voyager 2 in 1982;
4. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system;
5. The plane of the equator of Uranus is inclined to the plane of its orbit almost at a right angle - that is, the planet rotates retrograde, "lying on its side slightly upside down";
6. The moons of Uranus bear names taken from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope, not from Greek or Roman mythology;
7. A day on Uranus lasts about 17 Earth hours;
8. There are 13 known rings around Uranus;
9. One year on Uranus lasts 84 Earth years;
10. There are 27 known natural satellites revolving around Uranus;

Neptune

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. In its composition and size, it is similar to its neighbor Uranus. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. A day on Neptune lasts 16 hours, and a year is equal to 164 Earth years. Neptune belongs to the ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather events occur on its icy surface. However, it has recently been found that Neptune has raging eddies and wind speeds the highest of the planets in the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 moons, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known that it has its own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6.

1. Neptune is the most distant planet in the solar system and occupies the eighth orbit from the Sun;
2. Mathematicians were the first to know about the existence of Neptune;
   
3. There are 14 moons circling Neptune;
4. The orbit of Nepputna is removed from the Sun by an average of 30 AU;
5. One day on Neptune lasts 16 Earth hours;
6. Neptune has only been visited by one spacecraft, Voyager 2;
7. Around Neptune there is a system of rings;
8. Neptune has the second highest gravity after Jupiter;
9. One year on Neptune lasts 164 Earth years;
10. The atmosphere on Neptune is extremely active;

1. Jupiter is considered the largest planet in the solar system.
2. There are 5 dwarf planets in the solar system, one of which was reclassified as Pluto.
3. There are very few asteroids in the solar system.
4. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.
5. About 99% of the space (by volume) is occupied by the Sun in the solar system.
6. One of the most beautiful and original places in the solar system is the satellite of Saturn. There you can see a huge concentration of ethane and liquid methane.
7. Our solar system has a tail that resembles a four-leaf clover.
8. The sun follows a continuous 11-year cycle.
9. There are 8 planets in the solar system.
10. The solar system is fully formed thanks to a large gas and dust cloud.
11. Spacecraft flew to all the planets of the solar system.
12. Venus is the only planet in the solar system that rotates counterclockwise on its axis.
13. Uranus has 27 moons.
14. The largest mountain is on Mars.
15. A huge mass of objects in the solar system fell on the sun.
16. The solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy.
17. The sun is the central object of the solar system.
18. The solar system is often divided into regions.
19. The sun is a key component of the solar system.
20. The solar system was formed about 4.5 billion years ago.
21. Pluto is the most distant planet in the solar system.
22. Two regions in the solar system are filled with small bodies.
23. The solar system is built contrary to all the laws of the universe.
24. If we compare the solar system and space, then it is just a grain of sand in it.
25. Over the past few centuries, the solar system has lost 2 planets: Vulcan and Pluto.
26. Researchers claim that the solar system was created artificially.
27. The only satellite in the solar system that has a dense atmosphere and whose surface cannot be seen due to cloud cover is Titan.
28. The region of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune is called the Kuiper Belt.
29. The Oort cloud is a region of the solar system that serves as the source of a comet and a long period of revolution.
30. Every object in the solar system is held there by gravity.
31. The leading theory of the solar system proposes the emergence of planets and satellites from a huge cloud.
32. The solar system is considered the most secret particle of the universe.
33. There is a huge asteroid belt in the solar system.
34. On Mars, you can see the eruption of the largest volcano in the solar system, which is called Olympus.
35. Pluto is considered to be the outskirts of the solar system.
36. Jupiter has a large ocean of liquid water.
37. The Moon is the largest satellite in the solar system.
38. The largest asteroid in the solar system is Pallas.
39. The brightest planet in the solar system is Venus.
40. The majority of the solar system is made up of hydrogen.
41. Earth is an equal member of the solar system.
42. The sun heats up slowly.
43. Oddly enough, the largest reserves of water in the solar system are in the sun.
44. The plane of the equator of each planet in the solar system diverges from the plane of the orbit.
45. The satellite of Mars with the name Phobos is an anomaly of the solar system.
46. The solar system can amaze with its diversity and scale.
47. The planets of the solar system are influenced by the sun.
48. The outer shell of the solar system is considered the haven of satellites and gas giants.
49. A huge number of planetary satellites of the solar system are dead.
50. The largest asteroid, with a diameter of 950 km, is called Ceres.

If you surf the Internet, you will notice that the same planet in the solar system can have a variety of colors. One resource showed Mars red, and the other brown, and the average user has the question “Where is the truth?”

This question worries thousands of people and therefore, we decided to answer it once and for all so that there would be no disagreements. Today you will find out what is actually the color of the planet of the solar system!

Color grey. Minimal atmosphere and rocky surface with very large craters.

Color is yellow-white. The color is provided by a dense layer of clouds of sulfuric acid.

The color is light blue. The oceans and atmosphere give our planet its characteristic hue. However, if you look at the continents, you will see browns, yellows and greens. If we talk about how our planet looks at a distance, it will be an exceptionally pale blue ball.

Color red-orange. The planet is rich in iron oxides, due to which the soil is colored in a characteristic color.

Orange color with white trim. Orange is due to ammonium hydrosulfide clouds, white elements are due to ammonia clouds. There is no hard surface.

The color is light yellow. The planet's red clouds are covered in a thin haze of white ammonia clouds, giving the illusion of a light yellow color. There is no hard surface.

The color is pale blue. Methane clouds have a characteristic hue. There is no hard surface.

The color is pale blue. Like Uranus is covered in methane clouds, however, the distance from the Sun creates the appearance of a darker planet. There is no hard surface.

Pluto: The color is light brown. The rocky surface and dirty ice crust create a very pleasant light brown hue.

Jupiter is the 5th planet from the Sun. The size of this gas giant is 145,000 km in diameter and is the largest planet in the solar system, the diameter of Jupiter is 11 times larger than the diameter of the Earth, and in terms of mass, the Earth lags even further and is inferior to the mass of Jupiter by 318 times. This giant has 60 satellites in its orbits, but only 4 of them are being actively explored: Ganymede, Europa, Io, Callisto. If you are looking for the most exotic weather, you will find it here.

Jupiter

The composition is very light: 86% hydrogen and 14% helium, these 2 gases are the lightest in the universe. A day on Jupiter lasts 9.9 hours, the period of revolution around the Sun - a sidereal year, is 11.86 years. The color of Jupiter is very unusual and different from other planets. is the largest planet in the solar system.

Scientists want to know what is happening on this gas giant, whether there is water and a solid surface. For this you need to send Research Center. It will take a special balloon because Jupiter is made of hydrogen. Hydrogen is a light gas, so the helium balloon will sink down. In a cold hydrogen atmosphere, we need hot hydrogen to keep our ball from sinking into Jupiter's core. As everyone knows, it is very difficult to heat hydrogen. So far, the origin of this giant ball is a mystery.

Color of Jupiter

Jupiter has the most unusual color among all the planets in the solar system. Its atmosphere is dominated by hydrogen gas, but its atmosphere also contains ammonia and other gases. This giant has a striped color, so there is no specific name for the color of Jupiter. White bands form from ammonia clouds, orange bands form from ammonium hydrosulfide. This giant most likely does not have a solid surface, so the entire planet consists of such clouds.

Jupiter is the protector of the Earth

Planet Earth owes its existence to Jupiter. This gas giant protects our planet from meteorites and asteroids falling on it. Its gravity is so large and strong that it captures hostile cosmic bodies and throws them back into space, or absorbs them into itself. It is this huge planet that does not let meteorites and asteroids into the inner solar system, thereby saving the planets from foreign bodies hitting them.

The eye of Jupiter or the Red Spot is a monstrous storm that no other storm in the solar system can compare with. This storm lasts at least 300 years. The size of this red spot is comparable to the size of the Earth. One can only imagine what is happening in this eye. Presumably, inside the red spot, the wind reaches a speed of 700 km / h. Most strong wind, registered on Earth, had a speed of 280 km / h.

Space for children

There is one easy way to memorize the planets of the solar system for children. However, for adults too. It is very similar to how we remember the colors of the rainbow. All children love various counting rhymes, thanks to which information settles in memory for a long time.

D To memorize the planets of the solar system, we suggest that you learn a rhyme with the guys that you can compose yourself, or use the work of A. Haight:

All the planets in order
Call any of us:

Once - Mercury,
Two is Venus

Three is Earth
Four is Mars.

Five is Jupiter
Six is ​​Saturn

Seven is Uranus
Behind him is Neptune.

Think back to remembering the colors of the rainbow as a child. With the names of the planets, the same principle can be applied. Construct a phrase, each word of which will begin with the same letter as the planet of the solar system in the order of its location from the sun. For example:
We
Mercury

Let's meet
Venus

Tomorrow
Earth

My
Mars

young
Jupiter

Companion
Saturn

Gonna fly Now
Uranus

not for long

Neptune

This is just an example, in fact, you can think of anything, as long as the baby is close in spirit, and he easily remembers the whole sentence in its entirety. Now that we have figured out exactly how to present any information to children, we can move on to the direct knowledge that you will teach your young astronomers.

Finally, an interesting and simple story for children about what the solar system is.

The solar system is all cosmic bodies that revolve around the sun according to their well-defined trajectories. These include 8 planets and their satellites (their composition is constantly changing, as some objects are discovered, others lose their status), many comets, asteroids and meteorites.
The history of the planets
There is no definite opinion on this matter, there are only theories and conjectures. According to the most common opinion, about 5 billion years ago, one of the clouds of the Galaxy began to shrink towards the center and formed our Sun. The formed body had a huge force of attraction, and all the particles of gas and dust around began to connect and stick together into balls (these are the current planets).

The sun is not a planet, but a star. A source of energy, life on Earth.

The sun as a star and the center of the solar system
The planets in their orbits revolve around a huge star called the Sun. The planets themselves do not radiate any heat, and if it were not for the light of the Sun that they reflect, then life on Earth would never have arisen. There is a certain classification of stars, according to which the Sun is a yellow dwarf, about 5 billion years old.
planetary satellites
The solar system does not consist only of planets, it also includes natural satellites, among which the Moon is well known to us. In addition to Venus and Mercury, each planet has a certain number of satellites, today there are more than 63 of them. New ones are constantly being discovered. celestial bodies thanks to photographs taken by automatic spacecraft. They are able to detect even the smallest satellite with a diameter of only 10 km (Leda, Jupiter).
Characteristics of each planet in the solar system

Mercury Orbit Procession
1. Mercury. This planet is closest to the Sun, in the entire system it is considered the smallest. The surface of Mercury is solid, like all four inner planets(closest to the center). It has the highest rotation speed. During the day, the planet practically burns under sunbeams(+350˚), and freezes at night (-170˚).

2. Venus. This planet is more like the Earth than others in its size, composition and brightness. But the conditions are very different. The atmosphere of Venus consists of carbon dioxide. There are always a lot of clouds around it, which makes it difficult to observe. The entire surface of Venus is a hot, rocky desert.

3. Earth- the only planet on which there is oxygen, water, and therefore life. It has an ideal position in relation to the Sun: close enough to receive light and heat in the right amount, and far enough not to burn from the rays. It has an ozone layer that protects all life from radiation. The planet is home to millions of species of living beings, including humans.

Comparison of the Earth with other planets of the solar system

The Earth has one satellite - the Moon.

4. Mars. Some scientists have suggested that life also exists on this planet because it shares a number of similarities with Earth. But numerous studies have found no signs of life there. There are currently two known natural satellites of Mars: Phobos and Deimos.

5. Jupiter- the largest planet in the solar system, 10 times the diameter of the Earth and 300 times in mass. Jupiter consists of hydrogen, helium and other gases, has 16 satellites.

6. Saturn- the most interesting planet for children, as it has rings that are formed from dust, stones and ice. Three main rings rotate around Saturn, the thickness of which is about 30 meters.

7. Uranus. This planet also has rings, but they are much more difficult to see, they only appear at certain times. The main feature of Uranus is its manner of rotation, performed in the "lying on its side" mode.

8. Neptune. Astronomy today calls this planet the last in the solar system. Neptune was discovered only in 1989, since it is located very far from the Sun. Its surface looks blue from space, which cannot but amaze us.
Until 2006, there were 9 planets, including Pluto. But according to the latest scientific data, this space object is no longer called a planet. It's a pity ... Although, it has become easier for children to remember.

tyts astronomy for schoolchildren