Composition Griboyedov A.S. - Woe from Wit

Topic: - Features of the conflict of the comedy "Woe from Wit" (A.S. Griboyedov)

There are several conflicts in the play "Woe from Wit", while necessary condition classic play was the presence of only one conflict.
“Woe from Wit” is a comedy with two storylines, and at first glance it seems that there are two conflicts in the play: love (between Chatsky and Sophia) and public (between Chatsky and Famusovsky society).
The play begins with the beginning of a love conflict - Chatsky comes to Moscow to his girlfriend. Gradually, a love conflict develops into a public one. Finding out if Sophia loves him, Chatsky is faced with the Famus society. In comedy, the image of Chatsky represents new type personalities early XIX century. Chatsky is opposed to the entire conservative, ossified world of the Famusovs. In his monologues, ridiculing the life, customs, ideology of the old Moscow society, Chatsky tries to open the eyes of Famusov and everyone else to how they live and how they live. The public conflict "Woe from Wit" is unresolvable. The old lordly society does not listen to the freedom-loving, intelligent Chatsky, it does not understand him and declares him crazy.
The social conflict in the play by A. S. Griboedov is connected with another conflict - between the “current century” and the “past century”. Chatsky is a type of a new person, he is the spokesman for the new ideology of the new time, "the present century." And the old conservative society of the Famusovs belongs to the “past century”. The old does not want to give up its positions and go into the historical past, while the new actively invades life, trying to establish its own laws. The conflict of the old and the new is one of the main ones in the Russian life of that time. This eternal conflict occupies a large place in literature XIX century, for example, in such works as "Fathers and Sons", "Thunderstorm". But this conflict does not exhaust all the collisions of comedy.
Among the heroes of Griboyedov's play, perhaps, there are no stupid people, each of them has his own worldly mind, that is, an idea of ​​\u200b\u200blife. Each of the characters in Woe from Wit knows what he needs from life and what he should strive for. For example, Famusov wants to live his life without going beyond secular laws, so as not to give rise to being condemned by powerful secular lionesses, such as Marya Aleksevna and Tatyana Yuryevna. Therefore, Famusov is so concerned about finding a worthy husband for his daughter. The purpose of Molchalin's life is to quietly, even slowly, but surely move up the career ladder. He is not even ashamed of the fact that he will humiliate himself a lot in the struggle to achieve his goals: wealth and power (“to take rewards and live happily”). He does not love Sophia, but looks at her as a means to achieve his goals.
Sofia, as one of the representatives Famus Society, having read sentimental novels, dreams of a timid, quiet, tender beloved, whom she will marry and make of him a "husband-boy", "husband-servant". It is Molchalin, and not Chatsky, who fits her future husband's standards.
So, Griboyedov in his comedy not only shows how immoral and conservative typical representatives of Moscow society are. It is also important for him to emphasize that they all understand life, its meaning and ideals differently.
If we turn to the final act of the comedy, we will see that each of the characters is unhappy at the end. Chatsky, Famusov, Molchalin, Sophia - all are left with their own grief. And they are unhappy because of their wrong ideas about life, wrong understanding of life. Famusov always tried to live according to the laws of the world, tried not to cause condemnation, disapproval of the world. And what did he get at the end? He was disgraced by his own daughter! "Oh! My God! what will Princess Marya Aleksevna say, ”he exclaims, considering himself the most unfortunate of all people.
Molchalin is no less unhappy. All his efforts were in vain: Sophia would no longer help him, and perhaps even worse, she would complain to daddy.
And Sophia has her own grief; her loved one betrayed her. She was disappointed in her ideal of a worthy husband.
But the most unfortunate of all is Chatsky, an ardent, freedom-loving educator, an advanced man of his time, an accuser of the rigidity and conservatism of Russian life. The smartest in comedy, he cannot, with all his intelligence, make Sophia fall in love with him. Chatsky, who believed only in his mind, in what a smart girl can't choose a fool over a smart one, so disappointed in the end. After all, everything that he believed in - in his mind and advanced ideas - not only did not help win the heart of his beloved girl, but, on the contrary, pushed her away from him forever. In addition, it is precisely because of his freedom-loving opinions that the Famus society rejects him and declares him crazy.
Thus, Griboyedov proves that the reason for the tragedy of Chatsky and the misfortunes of the other heroes of the comedy is in the discrepancy between their ideas about life and life itself. “The mind is out of tune with the heart” - this is the main conflict of “Woe from Wit”. But then the question arises, what ideas about life are true and whether happiness is possible at all. The image of Chatsky, in my opinion, gives a negative answer to these questions. Chatsky is deeply sympathetic to Griboyedov. It compares favorably with the Famus society. His image reflects typical features Decembrist: Chatsky is ardent, dreamy, freedom-loving. But his views are far from real life and do not lead to happiness. Perhaps Griboyedov foresaw the tragedy of the Decembrists, who believed in their idealistic theory, divorced from life.
Thus, there are several conflicts in Woe from Wit: love, social, the conflict of the “current century” and the “past century”, but the main one, in my opinion, is the conflict of idealistic ideas about life and real life. Griboyedov was the first writer to raise this problem, which will be referred to in the future by many 19th writers. century: I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy.

Paskevich pushes around, the disgraced Yermolov slanders... What is left for him? Ambition, coldness and anger... From bureaucratic old women, From stinging secular injections He rolls in a wagon, Leaning his chin on a cane.

D. Kedrin Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov gained great literary fame and national fame by writing the comedy "Woe from Wit". This was innovative in Russian literature of the first quarter XIX century. Classical comedy was characterized by the division of heroes into positive and negative. Victory has always been goodies while the negative ones were ridiculed and defeated.

In Griboedov's comedy, the characters are distributed in a completely different way. Main conflict The play is connected with the division of heroes into representatives of the “current century” and “past century”, and the first is actually one Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky, moreover, he often finds himself in a ridiculous position, although he is a positive hero. At the same time, his main “opponent” is by no means some notorious bastard, on the contrary, he is a caring father and a good-natured person. It is interesting that Chatsky's childhood passed in the house of Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov.

Moscow lordly life was measured and calm. Every day was like another. Balls, dinners, dinners, christenings ... He wooed - he did it, but he made a mistake. All the same sense, and the same verses in the albums. Women were mainly occupied with outfits.

They love everything foreign, French. The ladies of the Famus society have one goal - to marry or marry off their daughters to an influential and wealthy person. With all this, in the words of Famusov himself, women "are judges of everything, everywhere, there are no judges over them." For patronage, everyone goes to a certain Tatyana Yuryevna, because "officials and officials are all her friends and all her relatives."

Princess Alekseevna, on the other hand, has such weight in high society that Famusov somehow exclaims in fear: Ah! My God! What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say! But what about men? They are all busy trying to move as high as possible on the social ladder. Here is the thoughtless martinet Skalozub, who measures everything by military standards, jokes in a military way, being a model of stupidity and narrow-mindedness.

But that's what it means good prospect growth. He has one goal - "to get to the generals." Here is a petty official Molchalin. He says, not without pleasure, that “he received three awards, is listed in the Archives,” and he, of course, wants to “reach the known degrees.” The Moscow “ace” Famusov himself tells young people about the nobleman Maxim Petrovich, who served under Catherine and, seeking a place at court, did not show any business qualities, no talents, but became famous only for the fact that his neck often “bent” in bows. But “had a hundred people at his service”, “all in orders”.

This is the ideal of the Famus society. Moscow nobles are arrogant and arrogant. They treat people poorer than themselves with contempt. But a special arrogance is heard in the remarks addressed to the serfs.

They are “parsleys”, “fomkas”, “chumps”, “lazy black grouse”. One conversation with them: “Get you to work! Settle you!”. In close formation, the Famusites oppose everything new, advanced. They can be liberal, but they are afraid of fundamental changes like fire. How much hatred is in Famusov's words: Learning is the plague, learning is the reason, That now more than ever, Crazy divorced people, and deeds, and opinions.

Thus, Chatsky is well aware of the spirit of the "past century", marked by cringing, hatred for enlightenment, the emptiness of life. All this early aroused boredom and disgust in our hero. Despite his friendship with sweet Sophia, Chatsky leaves the house of his relatives and begins independent life. “The desire to travel attacked him...” His soul longed for the novelty of modern ideas, communication with the advanced people of the time. He leaves Moscow and travels to Petersburg.

"High thoughts" for him above all. It was in St. Petersburg that Chatsky's views and aspirations were formed. He appears to have taken an interest in literature. Even Famusov heard rumors that Chatsky “writes and translates nicely.”

At the same time, Chatsky is fascinated social activity. He has a "connection with the ministers." However, not for long. High concepts of honor did not allow him to serve, he wanted to serve the cause, not individuals. After that, Chatsky probably visited the village, where, according to Famusov, he “blissed out”, blunderingly managing the estate. Then our hero goes abroad.

At that time, “travelling” was viewed askance as a manifestation of the liberal spirit. But just the acquaintance of representatives of Russian noble youth with life, philosophy, history Western Europe had great importance for their development. And here we are already meeting with a mature Chatsky, a man with established ideas. Chatsky contrasts the slave morality of the Famus society with a high understanding of honor and duty. He passionately denounces the hated feudal system. He cannot calmly talk about “Nestor noble scoundrels”, who changes servants for dogs, or about the one who “drew to the fortress ballet ... from mothers, fathers of rejected children” and.

having gone bankrupt, he sold them all one by one. Here are those who lived to gray hair! That's who we should respect in the wilderness! Here are our strict connoisseurs and judges! Chatsky hates “the meanest traits of the past life”, people who “draw their judgments from the forgotten newspapers of the times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of the Crimea”. A sharp protest is caused in him by the noble servility to everything foreign, the French upbringing, usual in the lordly environment.

In his famous monologue about the “Frenchman from Bordeaux”, he speaks of the ardent affection of the common people for their homeland, national customs and language. As a true enlightener, Chatsky passionately defends the rights of reason and deeply believes in its power. In the mind, in education, in public opinion, in the power of ideological and moral influence, he sees the main and powerful means of remaking society, changing life. He defends the right to serve enlightenment and science: Now let one of us From young people, there will be an enemy of searches, - Without demanding either places or promotions, Into science he will put the mind, hungry for knowledge; Or in his soul, God himself will excite the heat To creative, lofty and beautiful arts - They immediately: robbery!

Fire! And they will be known as a dreamer! Dangerous!!! Such young people in the play, in addition to Chatsky, can also be attributed, perhaps, also cousin Skalozub, nephew of Princess Tu-goukhovskaya - "chemist and botanist".

But they are mentioned in passing in the play. Among the guests of Famusov, our hero is a loner. - Of course, Chatsky makes enemies.

Well, will Skalozub forgive him if he hears about himself: “Wheezy, strangled, bassoon, a constellation of maneuvers and mazurkas!” Or Natalya Dmitrievna, whom he advised to live in Village? Or Khlestov, over which Chatsky openly laughs? But most of all goes, of course, to Molchalin. Chatsky considers him “the most miserable creature”, similar to all fools. Sophia, out of revenge for such words, declares Chatsky crazy.

Everyone happily picks up this news, they sincerely believe in gossip, because, indeed, in this society he seems crazy. A. S. Pushkin, after reading “Woe from Wit”, noticed that Chatsky throws beads in front of pigs, which never And In no way will he convince those to whom he addresses with his angry, passionate monologues. And one cannot but agree with this. But Chatsky is young.

Yes, he did not have the goal of starting disputes with the older generation. First of all, he wanted to see Sophia, to whom from childhood he had a cordial attachment. Another thing is that in the time that has passed since their last meeting, Sophia has changed. Chatsky is discouraged by her cold reception, he struggles to understand how it could be that she no longer needs him. Maybe it was this mental trauma that triggered the conflict mechanism. As a result, there is a complete break of Chatsky with the world in which he spent his childhood and with which he is connected by blood ties.

But the conflict that led to this gap is not personal, not accidental. This conflict is social. We collided not only different people but different worldviews, different social positions. The external tie-in of the conflict was the arrival of Chatsky at Famusov's house, he received development in disputes and monologues of the main characters (“Who are the judges?”, “That's it, you are all proud!”). The growing misunderstanding and alienation lead to a climax: at the ball, Chatsky is recognized as insane. And then he realizes for himself that all his words and spiritual movements were in vain: Mad you glorified me all in unison.

You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed, Whoever manages to stay with you for a day, Breathes the same air, And his mind will survive. The outcome of the conflict is the departure of Chatsky from Moscow. The relationship between the Famus society and the protagonist is clarified to the end: they deeply despise each other and do not want to have anything in common. It's impossible to tell who's winning. After all, the conflict between the old and the new is eternal, like the world.

And the theme of the suffering of the smart, educated person in Russia is topical even today. And to this day, they suffer more from the mind than from its absence. In this sense, A. S. Griboedov created a comedy for all time.

Pushing around Paskevich,
The disgraced Yermolov is slandering...
What is left for him?
Ambition, coldness and anger...
From official old women,
From caustic secular injections
He rolls in a wagon,
Rest your chin on the cane. D. Kedrin
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov gained great literary fame and national fame by writing the comedy Woe from Wit. This work was innovative in Russian literature of the first quarter of the 19th century.
Classical comedy was characterized by the division of heroes into positive and negative. The victory was always for the good guys, while the bad ones were ridiculed and defeated. In Griboedov's comedy, the characters are distributed in a completely different way. The main conflict of the play is connected with the division of the characters into representatives of the “current century” and “past century”, and the first is actually one Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky, moreover, he often finds himself in a ridiculous position, although he is a positive hero. At the same time, his main “opponent” Famusov is by no means some notorious bastard, on the contrary, he is a caring father and a good-natured person.
It is interesting that Chatsky's childhood passed in the house of Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov. Moscow lordly life was measured and calm. Every day was like another. Balls, dinners, dinners, christenings...
He got married - he managed, but he gave a miss.
All the same sense, and the same verses in the albums.
Women were mainly occupied with outfits. They love everything foreign, French. The ladies of the Famus society have one goal - to marry or marry off their daughters to an influential and wealthy person. With all this, in the words of Famusov himself, women "are judges of everything, everywhere, there are no judges over them." For patronage, everyone goes to a certain Tatyana Yuryevna, because "officials and officials are all her friends and all her relatives." Princess Marya Alekseevna has such weight in high society that Famusov somehow exclaims in fear:
Oh! My God! What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!
But what about men? They are all busy trying to move as high as possible on the social ladder. Here is the thoughtless martinet Skalozub, who measures everything by military standards, jokes in a military way, being a model of stupidity and narrow-mindedness. But this just means a good growth prospect. He has one goal - "to get to the generals." Here is a petty official Molchalin. He says, not without pleasure, that “he received three awards, is listed in the Archives,” and he, of course, wants to “reach the known degrees.”
The Moscow “ace” Famusov himself tells young people about the nobleman Maxim Petrovich, who served under Catherine and, seeking a place at court, did not show any business qualities or talents, but became famous only for the fact that his neck often “bent” in bows. But “had a hundred people at his service”, “all in orders”. This is the ideal of the Famus society.
Moscow nobles are arrogant and arrogant. They treat people poorer than themselves with contempt. But a special arrogance is heard in the remarks addressed to the serfs. They are “parsleys”, “fomkas”, “chumps”, “lazy black grouse”.

"fomki", "chumps", "lazy black grouse". One conversation with them: “Get you to work! Settle you!”. In close formation, the Famusites oppose everything new, advanced. They can be liberal, but they are afraid of fundamental changes like fire. How much hatred in Famusov's words:
Learning is the plague, learning is the cause
What is now more than ever,
Crazy divorced people, and deeds, and opinions.
Thus, Chatsky is well aware of the spirit of the "past century", marked by cringing, hatred for enlightenment, the emptiness of life. All this early aroused boredom and disgust in our hero. Despite his friendship with sweet Sophia, Chatsky leaves the house of his relatives and begins an independent life.
“The desire to travel attacked him...” His soul longed for the novelty of modern ideas, communication with the advanced people of the time. He leaves Moscow and travels to Petersburg. "High thoughts" for him above all. It was in St. Petersburg that Chatsky's views and aspirations were formed. He appears to have taken an interest in literature. Even Famusov heard rumors that Chatsky “writes and translates nicely.” At the same time, Chatsky is fascinated by social activities. He has a "connection with the ministers." However, not for long. High concepts of honor did not allow him to serve, he wanted to serve the cause, not individuals.
After that, Chatsky probably visited the village, where, according to Famusov, he “blissed out”, blunderingly managing the estate. Then our hero goes abroad. At that time, “travelling” was viewed askance as a manifestation of the liberal spirit. But just the acquaintance of representatives of Russian noble youth with the life, philosophy, history of Western Europe was of great importance for their development.
And here we are already meeting with a mature Chatsky, a man with established ideas. Chatsky contrasts the slave morality of the Famus society with a high understanding of honor and duty. He passionately denounces the hated feudal system. He cannot calmly talk about “Nestor noble scoundrels”, who exchanges servants for dogs, or about the one who “drew to the fortress ballet ... from mothers, fathers of rejected children”, etc. having gone bankrupt, he sold them all one by one.

Here are those who lived to gray hair!
That's who we should respect in the wilderness!
Here are our strict connoisseurs and judges!
Chatsky hates “the meanest traits of the past life”, people who “draw their judgments from the forgotten newspapers of the times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of the Crimea”. A sharp protest is caused in him by the noble servility to everything foreign, the French upbringing, usual in the lordly environment. In his famous monologue about the “Frenchman from Bordeaux,” he speaks of the ardent attachment of the common people to their homeland, national customs and language.
As a true enlightener, Chatsky passionately defends the rights of reason and deeply believes in its power. In reason, in education, in public opinion, in the power of ideological and moral influence, he sees the main and powerful means of reshaping society, changing life. He defends the right to serve enlightenment and science:
Now let one of us
Of the young people, there is an enemy of quest, -




They immediately: robbery! Fire!

Among such young people in the play, in addition to Chatsky, one can perhaps also include Skalozub's cousin, the nephew of Princess Tu-goukhovskaya - "a chemist and botanist".

yy,-
Not demanding either places or promotions,
In the sciences, he will stick the mind, hungry for knowledge;
Or in his soul God himself will excite the heat
To creative arts, lofty and beautiful, -
They immediately: robbery! Fire!
And they will be known as a dreamer! Dangerous!!!
Among such young people in the play, in addition to Chatsky, one can perhaps also include Skalozub's cousin, the nephew of Princess Tu-goukhovskaya - "a chemist and botanist". But they are mentioned in passing in the play. Among the guests of Famusov, our hero is a loner.
- Of course, Chatsky makes enemies. Well, will Skalozub forgive him if he hears about himself: “Wheezy, strangled, bassoon, a constellation of maneuvers and mazurkas!” Or Natalya Dmitrievna, whom he advised to live in the countryside? Or Khlestova, whom Chatsky openly laughs at? But most of all goes, of course, to Molchalin. Chatsky considers him “the most miserable creature”, similar to all fools. Sophia, out of revenge for such words, declares Chatsky crazy. Everyone happily picks up this news, they sincerely believe in gossip, because, indeed, in this society he seems crazy.
A. S. Pushkin, after reading “Woe from Wit”, noticed that Chatsky throws pearls in front of pigs, that he will never convince those to whom he addresses with his angry, passionate monologues. And one cannot but agree with this. But Chatsky is young. Yes, he did not have the goal of starting disputes with the older generation. First of all, he wanted to see Sophia, to whom from childhood he had a cordial affection. Another thing is that in the time that has passed since their last meeting, Sophia has changed. Chatsky is discouraged by her cold reception, he struggles to understand how it could be that she no longer needs him. Maybe it was this mental trauma that triggered the conflict mechanism.
As a result, there is a complete break of Chatsky with the world in which he spent his childhood and with which he is connected by blood ties. But the conflict that led to this gap is not personal, not accidental. This conflict is social. Not just different people clashed, but different worldviews, different social positions. The external tie-in of the conflict was the arrival of Chatsky at Famusov's house, he received development in disputes and monologues of the main characters (“Who are the judges?”, “That's it, you are all proud!”). The growing misunderstanding and alienation lead to a climax: at the ball, Chatsky is recognized as insane. And then he realizes for himself that all his words and spiritual movements were in vain:
Mad you glorified me all in unison.
You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,
Who will have time to spend the day with you,
Breathe the air alone
And his mind will survive.
The outcome of the conflict is the departure of Chatsky from Moscow. The relationship between the Famus society and the protagonist is clarified to the end: they deeply despise each other and do not want to have anything in common. It's impossible to tell who's winning. After all, the conflict between the old and the new is eternal, like the world. And the theme of the suffering of an intelligent, educated person in Russia is topical even today. And to this day, they suffer more from the mind than from its absence. In this sense, A.S. Griboedov created a comedy for all time.