What does a vicious circle mean - signs of saturation of life. Medical encyclopedia - vicious circle

A logical error in the definition of concepts and in proof, the essence of which lies in the fact that a certain concept is defined with the help of another concept, which in turn is defined through the first one, or a certain thesis is proved with the help of an argument, the truth of which is substantiated with the help of the thesis being proved. An example of P. to. in the definition: "Rotation is movement around own axis". The concept of "axis" is itself defined through the concept of "rotation" ("an axis is a straight line around which rotation occurs"). A special case of PK in the definition of concepts can be tautologies, for example, "A democrat is a person of democratic convictions." Numerous attempts by mathematicians (before Lobachevsky's discovery) to prove the independence of the fifth postulate from other postulates of Euclid's geometry, using arguments equivalent to the fifth postulate being proved, can serve as an example of P. to. in the proof.

Watch value Vicious circle in other dictionaries

A circle- spheres
world
Synonym dictionary

A circle- m. circle, closed curved line, everywhere equally distant from the center; | plane, area inside this line; | thickness, body, flat thing of the same kind. math. a circle,........
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Vicious- to defame, etc., see vice.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

To the Circle Adverbs.- 1. Surrounding a chain of some. space.
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

Circle M.- 1. Part of the plane, bounded by a circle. // Way someone's movements., smth., having the form of a circle. 2. A site, a surface area resembling such a figure .........
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

To the Circle Adverbs. Razg.- 1. As a rough estimate, on average.
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

Vicious App.- 1. Possessing vices, subject to vices; immoral. // Containing, containing a vice. 2. Having significant shortcomings.
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova

A circle- a circle, about a circle, in, on a circle and a circle, pl. circles, m. 1. (in, on the circle). Part of a plane bounded by a circle (mat.). Calculate the area of the circle. Squaring the circle. 2. (on the circle).........
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Reference Circle— a group of advisers or consultants on a particular issue.
Political vocabulary

A circle- ah, suggestion. about the circle, in the circle and in the circle; pl. circles; m.
1. suggestion in a circle. Part of a plane bounded by a circle; the circle itself. Calculate the area of the circle. Draw........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov

Vicious- vicious, vicious; vicious, vicious, vicious. 1. Possessing vices, subject to vices, immoral. Akineev stood among the teachers' room and talked about vicious inclinations ........
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

A circle- a circle in the center of the trading floor of the exchange, around which bidders stand.
Economic dictionary

Circle, Ring- RING The term has the following meanings1. In transactions involving the manipulation of securities, prior to the passage of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the so-called informal ........
Economic dictionary

False Circle- - see TRAP
Economic dictionary

Vicious- -th, -th; -chen, -chna, -chno.
1. Subject to vice, immoral. P. man. This woman is vicious. // Testifying to a tendency to vice, immorality. P-th smile .........
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov

Vicious Circle of Poverty- a problem specific to developing countries, consisting in the fact that low
income does not allow
savings, and therefore
investments, on a scale, ........
Economic dictionary

Price Circle — -
an association of entrepreneurs or merchants created to raise prices.
Economic dictionary

A circle- It goes back to the common Slavic krogb, which we find related in the Old German - hringr ("ring, circle") in the Gothic ringes - ("ring"). Modern English ring goes back to the same basis.
Etymological Dictionary of Krylov

Military Circle [of the Cossack Army]- The highest representative body of government ... [ Cossack army] is a military circle - a congress elected from each stanitsa Cossack society ... Charter, approved ........
Law Dictionary

Cossack Circle- - a representative body of the Cossack community, Cossack society, association of the Cossacks, convened from the Cossacks of the community, society or from elected representatives of the association ........
Law Dictionary

False Circle- - see TRAP
Law Dictionary

Vicious Circle of Poverty- - a problem characteristic of developing countries, consisting in the fact that low income does not allow saving, and therefore investment, on the scale necessary ........
Law Dictionary

Arterial Circle of the Big Brain- (circulus arteriosus cerebri, PNA, JNA; circulus arteriosus, BNA; synonym: arterial polygon, circle of Willis, Willis polygon) vascular ring formed by internal carotid, ........
Large medical dictionary

Arterial Iris Circle Large- (circulus arteriosus iridis major) plexus of anastomosing blood vessels located near the root of the iris concentrically relative to the limbus of the cornea; formed for...
Big Medical Dictionary

Arterial Iris Circle Small- (circulus arteriosus iridis minor) plexus of anastomosing blood vessels located in the stroma of the iris concentric to the pupil.
Big Medical Dictionary

Great Circle of Circulation- a section of the bloodstream, starting from the left ventricle of the heart and ending with vessels that flow into the right atrium.
Big Medical Dictionary

Weiss-Muller Circle- (nrk; Veith; J. P. Muller, 1801-1858, German physiologist and anatomist) see Point horopter.
Big Medical Dictionary

Price Circle- - an association of entrepreneurs or traders created to raise prices.
Law Dictionary

Willis Circle- (circulus willisii; Th. Willis, 1621-1675, English anatomist and doctor) see Arterial circle of the brain.
Big Medical Dictionary

Wies-Muller Circle- (Veith; J. P. Muller, 1801-1858, German physiologist and anatomist) see Point horopter.
Big Medical Dictionary

Or a trick in which the statement is derived from itself, usually through several intermediate statements. Vicious circle often used deliberately as a demagogic device. In this sense, the expression has become widespread as a phraseological unit.

Vicious circle in definition (lat. circulus in definiendo) - a situation in which the definition of an object includes the properties of the object itself. Classic example a vicious circle in the definition is played by Stanisław Lem (see Sepulki). An example of a vicious circle in a definition is also the recursive acronym.
Vicious circle in proof (lat. circulus in probando) - the use of the statement itself or its consequences in proving the statement. A classic example is attempts to prove Euclid's axiom of parallelism.

The expression is often used in humanities to denote the phenomena of "recursion" and "positive feedback' leading to undesirable results. The expression "vicious circle" also has a similar meaning.

In Russian texts, the Latin names for the vicious circle are sometimes used, especially when they want to indicate its specific variety.

Vicious circle in life

AT real life there are also examples of a vicious circle. For example:

Vicious circle in psychology

Vicious circle in works of art

Literature

The situation described by J. Heller in the book "Amendment-22" (or "Catch 22" - an alternative translation of the English Catch-22). For a soldier to be declared unfit for service due to mental illness, he himself must file a complaint with a doctor. However, if a person tries in this way to evade the fulfillment military duty He is clearly mentally sane. The clarity of Heller's example led to the Catch-22 expression becoming a boolean term (see Catch-22 (expression))
In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams:

Fuck it, he thought. What he needs right now is help and advice. He took out the Guide. I looked in the "Help" section and read: "See. sec. "ADVIСE"". I looked in the "Tips" section and read: "See. sec. "HELP"". Recent times The "Guidebook" often broke off such numbers - maybe, too, from melancholy-burst?

What are you doing? - asked The little Prince.
- I drink, - the drunkard answered gloomily.
- What for?
- To forget.
- What to forget? asked the little prince; he felt sorry for the drunkard.
"I want to forget that I'm ashamed," the drunk admitted and hung his head.
- Why are you ashamed? - asked the little prince, he really wanted to help the poor fellow.
- Feel free to drink! - explained the drunkard, and no more could be obtained from him.

vicious circle

A vicious circle (circulus vitiosus) is a chain of pathological changes interconnected by causal relationships so that one of the consequences of the pathological process becomes the cause further development this process. So, heart failure with its defects leads to a decrease in cardiac output, an increase in venous pressure and other hemodynamic changes; this includes neuroendocrine mechanisms leading to hypersecretion of aldosterone, which causes NaCl and water retention in the body. As a result, there is edema in the tissues, including in the myocardium, as well as hypervolemia, which creates an additional burden on the heart, in turn increasing its failure (see Heart defects).

When interacting with environment organism as in normal conditions, and in pathology reacts as a single complete system. Therefore, the impact on it of any factor leads to changes in a number of organs and systems. With the development of the pathological process, protective and adaptive mechanisms are activated, aimed at its elimination and compensation of impaired functions. Therefore, at a certain stage of development, pathological reactions are destroyed or weakened by compensatory devices (see) and may remain hidden. With sufficient strength of compensatory reactions, the disease process can stop at this stage of development. If the strength of defensive reactions is insufficient, a vicious circle may arise: a consequence initial cause diseases under certain conditions can lead to the same changes in organ systems that the cause itself causes.

A vicious circle can occur with equal diseases, and its mechanism may be different. According to M. I. Astvatsaturov, several types of vicious circle can be distinguished. The simplest example of this is the often occurring vicious circle caused by mechanical conditions. So, for example, an increase intracranial pressure(cause) leads to compression of v. magna Galeni, which causes congestion in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain; as a result, there is an increase in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid, and as a result, a further increase in intracranial pressure. The limitation of joint mobility as a result of contracture is accompanied by changes in the ligamentous apparatus, which in turn causes an even more significant limitation of joint mobility.

Of particular interest are the forms of a vicious circle, which are based on inhibitory and stimulating interactions of various functional mechanisms. In these cases, the consequence of the pathological process is the dynamic changes caused by the primary process. So, for example, each epileptic seizure is a consequence of the previous one and the cause of the subsequent seizure. Great importance has a vicious circle due to the interaction of mental and somatic processes. For example, in diffuse toxic goiter, hyperthyroidism and the associated increase in the tone of the sympathetic department nervous system result in an increase in emotive activity. The latter causes an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system and, in turn, causes an increase in the secretion of the thyroid gland (see diffuse toxic goiter).

The mechanism of a vicious circle leads, under certain conditions, to the fact that a known symptom at various stages of the pathological process may be a consequence of different reasons. In the mechanism of the development of a vicious circle, not all links of this process can be classified as pathological: some of them provide compensatory-adaptive reactions of the body. In turn, compensatory reactions at various stages of the disease can reach such an intensity that it no longer brings benefits, but harm, intensifying the manifestations of a vicious circle. Thus, vomiting, being a protective and adaptive reaction of the body, is aimed at removing a harmful agent and restoring impaired functions. At the same time, repeated vomiting (for example, indomitable vomiting of pregnant women) can lead to a sharp deterioration in the state of the body due to loss of fluid and electrolytes by tissues, a shift in blood pH, etc.

For successful pathogenetic therapy of a disease, it is necessary to identify and decipher the cause-and-effect relationships between the processes occurring in the body at each stage of the development of the disease.

Thus, the correct assessment of the phenomena occurring in the body in order to eliminate the cause of functional and structural components pathological process and strengthening of protective-adaptive and reparative reactions, which provides optimal conditions for compensating impaired functions.

Vicious circle

a logical error in the definition of concepts and in proof, the essence of which lies in the fact that a certain concept is defined with the help of another concept, which in turn is defined through the first one, or a certain thesis is proved with the help of an argument, the truth of which is justified with the help of the thesis being proved. An example of P. to. in the definition: "Rotation is movement around its own axis." The concept of "axis" itself is defined through the concept of "rotation" ("an axis is a straight line around which rotation occurs"). A special case of P. to. in the definition of concepts there may be tautologies, for example, "A democrat is a person of democratic convictions." Numerous attempts by mathematicians (before the discovery of Lobachevsky) to prove the independence of the fifth postulate from other postulates of Euclid's geometry, using positions equivalent to the fifth postulate being proved, can serve as an example of P. to. in the proof.

Dictionary of logic. - M.: Tumanit, ed. center VLADOS. A.A. Ivin, A.L. Nikiforov. 1997 .

Synonyms:

See what a "vicious circle" is in other dictionaries:

Desperate situation, vicious circle, impasse, hopelessness Dictionary of Russian synonyms. vicious circle n., number of synonyms: 5 stalemate (20) ... Synonym dictionary

VICIOUS CIRCLE see Logical fallacies. New Philosophical Encyclopedia: In 4 vols. M.: Thought. Edited by V. S. Stepin. 2001 ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Vicious circle (meanings). A vicious circle (lat. circulus vitiosus), a logical circle is a logical error or trick in which a statement is derived from itself, usually after a few ... ... Wikipedia

vicious circle- what a book. Usually in the role of subject. You send us to Congress. We pass laws that allow you to make money. From the profits you make, you contribute money to our campaign funds to send us back to Congress to pass laws ... Phrasebook Russian language

- (inosk.) mutually contradictory, interfering conditions (bewitched, hopeless) Cf. Dung it (earth) so that there is no clay; and the earth will give birth to bread, and will have something to feed the cattle. Yes, and there are no cattle, so what kind of manure will there be? This is weird…… Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

Vicious circle- Express. Stalemate; such a combination of circumstances, the way out of which is either impossible, or gives negative results. Crime pushes on the path of slightly disguised parasitism, parasitism gives rise to crime. Thus the vicious one closes ... ... Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

A vicious circle (foreigner) of mutually contradictory, interfering conditions (bewitched, hopeless). Wed “Dung it (earth) so that there is no clay; and the earth will give birth to bread, and will be something to feed the cattle. Yes, and there are no cattle, so what kind of manure ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

Book. Same as vicious circle. FSRYA, 214; F 1, 265; BMS 1998, 318; ZS 1996, 160 ... Big Dictionary Russian sayings

- (circulus vitiosus) in pathology, the relationship of pathological changes in the body, in which disorders arising as a result of primary changes, in turn, exacerbate them ... Big Medical Dictionary

The problem, which is typical for developing countries, is that low income does not allow savings, and therefore investments, on the scale necessary for the development of production, increasing incomes. As a result, poverty creates... Economic dictionary

Books

Vicious circle, Art. Rodionov. The investigation of a brutal murder leads experienced police captain Kupryazhkin to the realization that a powerful mafia group is behind it. Realizing that the discovered ...

Vicious circle in definition(lat. circulus in definition) - a situation in which the definition of an object includes the properties of the object itself. A classic example of a vicious circle in the definition is played by Stanisław Lem (see Sepulki). An example of a vicious circle in a definition is also the recursive acronym.

Vicious circle in proof(lat. circulus in probando) - the use of the statement itself or its consequences in proving the statement. A classic example is attempts to prove Euclid's axiom of parallelism.

The expression is often used in the humanities to denote the phenomena of "recursion" and "positive feedback" leading to undesirable results. The expression "vicious circle" also has a similar meaning.

In Russian texts, the Latin names for the vicious circle are sometimes used, especially when they want to indicate its specific variety.

Vicious circle in life

In real life, there are also examples of a vicious circle. For example:

Vicious circle in psychology

AT human relations(first of all, conflicts) a vicious circle arises if the (reciprocal) actions of the participants mutually provoke them to new "bad" actions in relation to each other.
A vicious circle is present in the mechanism of the development of addictions: instead of solving real problems, a person is "distracted" from them in alcohol, drugs, games, etc., as a result, problems are not solved, but added, which stimulates more "distraction".

Vicious circle in works of art

Literature

"How Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich", N.V. Gogol
The situation described by J. Heller in the book "Amendment-22" (or "Catch 22" - an alternative translation of the English Catch-22). In order for a soldier to be declared unfit for service due to mental illness, he himself must file a complaint with a doctor. However, if a person tries in this way to evade military duty, he is undoubtedly mentally normal. The clarity of Heller's example led to the Catch-22 expression becoming a logical term (see en:Catch-22 (logic))
In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams:

Fuck it, he thought. What he needs right now is help and advice. He took out the Guide. I looked in the "Help" section and read: "See the "TIPS" section. I looked in the "Tips" section and read:" See the "TIPS" section. sec. "HELP". Recently, the "Guide" often chipped off such numbers - maybe also from melancholy-burst?

Cinema

Can you tell us what we wrote in the Ethics section of previous volumes?
- We wrote ... "See the chapter "Moral""
- Good! Here's what you write in the Moral chapter: "Moral - see the Ethics chapter"
- But…
- Do not argue!

What does a vicious circle mean - signs of saturation of life. Medical encyclopedia - vicious circle

Watch value Vicious circle in other dictionaries

Vicious circle in life

Vicious circle in psychology

Vicious circle in works of art

Literature

See what a "vicious circle" is in other dictionaries:

Books

Vicious circle in life

Vicious circle in psychology

Vicious circle in works of art

Literature

Cinema

Notes

see also

See what the "Vicious Circle" is in other dictionaries: