Examples of a true friend from literature. “Of the enemies, the most dangerous is the enemy who pretended to be a friend” (Sh. Rustaveli)

Among the eternal values, friendship has always occupied one of the very first places. But everyone understands friendship in their own way. Someone is looking for benefits in friends, some additional privileges in receiving material benefits. But such friends before the first problem, before trouble. It is no coincidence that the proverb says: "friends are known in trouble." But the French philosopher M. Montaigne argued: "In friendship there are no other calculations and considerations, except for itself." And only such friendship is true.

In F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", the relationship between Raskolnikov and Razumikhin can be considered an example of such friendship. Both students Faculty of Law, both live in poverty, both are looking for additional income. But at one fine moment, infected with the idea of ​​​​a superman, Raskolnikov drops everything and prepares for the “case”. Six months of constant soul-searching, searching for ways to deceive fate knock Raskolnikov out of the usual rhythm of life. He does not take translations, does not give lessons, does not go to classes, in general, does nothing. And yet in difficult moment his heart leads him to a friend. Razumikhin is the exact opposite of Raskolnikov. He works, spins all the time, earning a penny, but these pennies are enough for him to live and even for fun. Raskolnikov seemed to be looking for an opportunity to get off the “path” he had embarked on, because “Razumikhin was also remarkable because no failures ever embarrassed him and no bad circumstances seemed to be able to crush him.” And Raskolnikov is crushed, brought to extreme despair. And Razumikhin, realizing that a friend (although Dostoevsky insistently writes "friend") in trouble no longer leaves him until the trial itself. And at the trial, he acts as the defender of Rodion and cites evidence of his spiritual generosity, nobility, testifying that "when he was at the university, from his last means he helped one of his poor and consumptive university comrades and almost supported him for six months." The sentence for double murder was reduced by almost half. Thus, Dostoevsky proves to us the idea of ​​God's providence, that people are saved by people. And let someone say that Razumikhin did not lose by getting a beautiful wife, a friend's sister, but did he think about his own benefit? No, he was completely absorbed in caring for a person.

In I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, Andrei Stolz is no less generous and caring, who has been trying all his life to pull his friend Oblomov out of the swamp of his existence. He alone is able to lift Ilya Ilyich from the sofa, to give movement to his monotonous philistine life. Even when Oblomov finally settles with Pshchenitsyna, Andrei makes several more attempts to get him off the couch. Upon learning that Tarantiev, with the manager of Oblomovka, actually robbed a friend, he takes matters into his own hands and puts things in order. Although this does not save Oblomov. But Shtolz honestly fulfilled his duty to his friend, and after the death of an unlucky childhood friend, he takes his son to be raised, not wanting to leave the child in an environment that is literally covered in the mire of idleness, philistinism.

M. Montaigne stated:

In friendship there are no other calculations and considerations, except for itself.

Only such friendship is true. If a person who is called a friend suddenly starts, fawning, asking for help or starts settling scores for the service rendered, they say, I helped you out, and what did I do for me, give up such a friend! You will lose nothing but an envious look, an unfriendly word.

What is friendship? Perhaps it is not easy to answer this question, because this is an amazing and not yet fully explained phenomenon. No one knows exactly how and why friends appear. It happens unpredictably and spontaneously. But what is known for sure is that without friends a person cannot exist. Without them, he is like a tree without leaves. Everyone needs friends. They support in difficult times, give strength when it seems they are gone.

A friend shares both joy and sorrow with you. It helps to stay afloat in the stormy sea of ​​life. Without friendship, existence would lose its meaning. She brings color to life.

Friendship is the unity of souls and views. It is very important to find someone who shares your interests and understands you perfectly. But some views may not coincide, so respect is very important in friendship. You cannot force your ideas on others. Friends don't have to be the same in every way. Absolutely different people can converge, and this is the most amazing thing. A true friend is happy for you, even if he himself lost. This is very important quality. It is always necessary to be able to right moment hide sadness from defeat and too much joy from victory for the sake of an important person for you. Friendship is based on support and mutual assistance. Without this, it cannot exist. To be friends means to be ready to help at any moment, no matter what.

What is enmity? This is evil and destruction. People who are immersed in it do not get anything good from it. Enmity can grow from scratch, and then stretch out for such a long time that even the reason for its beginning is forgotten. Such relationships destroyed not only the lives of those who started them, but also their descendants. The enmity can continue through centuries and generations. There is no time for her. And this is the most dangerous thing. A carelessly thrown word, an accidentally crushed leg can result in a war for many years, and maybe even centuries. Of course, for enmity there are serious reasons. It doesn't always come from the little things. But even in such cases, the enmity still turns into deadly stupidity, because no one wants to end it in time. This is perhaps the saddest thing about this kind of relationship.

But which enemies are the most dangerous? Perhaps this former friends. If a person who knows everything about you, who understands you as himself, suddenly turns away if you find yourself on different sides barricade, it could end badly. Such an enemy can easily play on your weaknesses. As much as he was a faithful and honest friend, he will also be a terrible adversary. This can bring trouble and suffering to many. When former friends feud, it is not known how it will turn out in the end. Once having a strong quarrel, it is difficult to return to the world. It would seem that eternal friendship can suddenly break due to stupidity, and this will bring a lot of misfortune and disappointment.

In Russian literature, there are many books about friendship and enmity. Many great authors have written about it. The topic of human relationships is very important and multifaceted. Friendship and enmity have been discussed at all times. This topic has always been very interesting and close to people.

In A.S. Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky" attention is paid to the relationship between two landowners. Kirilla Petrovich Troekurov and Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky were very good friends. There was an amazing harmony and mutual understanding between them. But suddenly everything changed. Troekurov's servant insulted Dubrovsky during a visit to the kennel. Andrei Gavrilovich was a proud man and could not erase his resentment. He left the Troekurov estate and demanded that his friend give the servant to him for trial. Kirilla Petrovich was also a wayward person and considered this an insult. Their relationship deteriorated. Troyekurov created a false accusation against Dubrovsky and received his estate for himself. This broke Andrei Gavrilovich. When Troekurov, tormented by his conscience, decides to apologize and comes to Dubrovsky, he dies. This work shows how a strong friendship can fall apart due to stupid pride and what sad consequences this can lead to.

Much attention is paid to friendship in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Lensky and Onegin were bound by strong friendship. They spent a lot of time together. In spite of different views for life, they found mutual language. Everything in their relationship changed the ball on Tatyana's name day. Eugene danced all evening with Lensky's fiancee Olga. This pissed off friends. Lensky, not wanting to listen to anything, forgetting about the relationship connecting him with Eugene, challenges Onegin to a duel. Due to a slight misunderstanding, they became enemies. Onegin kills Lensky in a duel and his life becomes eternal torment of conscience. This work conveys the idea of ​​how necessary it is between friends to be able to listen to another, no matter what happens, and how tragic the result can be if this ability is not there.

So friendship is very important. It is impossible to live without it. You need to take care of your friends. You can not quarrel over trifles, because this can result in sad events. There is no need to start enmity: after all, it does not bring anything good. Indian wisdom says: "It is not difficult to unearth an ax of war - it is more difficult to light a pipe of peace." Why make life more complicated than it is, wasting energy on meaningless confrontation, if you can just keep the value that you already have and be happy?

Probably, each of us thought about what should be a true friend. And whatever the outcome of our reflections, we all agree that true friendship can only be called a relationship full of sincerity, trust, intimacy, readiness to help in difficult times ... He who has found such a faithful comrade in the face of another person himself corresponds high rank friend, can safely call himself lucky.

But, unfortunately, the one or the one that was called our friends is not always them. Opening our innermost thoughts or extending a helping hand to another person, we always take risks, since "an alien soul is darkness." And the enemy, skillfully hiding under a friendly guise, is, of course, the most dangerous, because he knows a lot about you.

Russian writers have repeatedly turned to plots where yesterday's friend turned out to be a terrible enemy, causing suffering to the hero. Let's remember A.S. Pushkin. The insidious Shvabrin, who at first seemed to be a friend to Pyotr Grinev, more than once commits meanness towards the young nobleman. Aleksey Ivanovich, having slandered Masha Mironova, forces Grinev to defend the honor of the girl in a duel. But even in a duel, Shvabrin behaves far from noble. Taking advantage of the fact that Peter was distracted for a second by Savelich, who was hurrying towards them, inflicts a severe wound on Grinev. Throughout the entire work, we see how Shvabrin, who recently pretended to be a friend not only of Peter, but also of the Mironov family, easily renounces them, from noble honor, from the empress ...

The material was prepared by Natalya Alexandrovna Zubova, the creator of the online school "SAMARUS".