The question is why the act of a youth can be called a feat. Folk - the feat of the youth of Kiev and the cunning of the voivode Pretich

Old Russian literature

"The feat of the lad-Kiev and the cunning of the governor Pretich"

When summing up the results of the work, it is important for the teacher to repeat once again what Old Russian literature is, what are characteristic of it, how well the students coped with the tasks - to retell, draw up a plan, conduct vocabulary work, i.e., compose a dictionary. How correctly they understood what the feat of the youth from Kiev consisted of, the cunning of the governor Pretich, what was the meaning of what was told ...

1 Collectively we look and discuss with the help of a dictionary the meaning of the words "etiquette", "delicacy".

Danilov A. A. Literature of Russia, XIX century. Grade 5: textbook. for general education institutions / A. A. Danilov, L. G. Kosulina. - 10th ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 2009. - 287 p., L. ill., maps.

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Yulia Sergeevna Gudzik
Summary of the lesson "The feat of the youth-Kiev and the cunning of the governor Pretich." Heroes of the chronicle

Subject: The feat of the boy from Kiev and the cunning of the governor Pretich». Heroes of the chronicle.

Target: show heroic and spiritual and moral content of works ancient Russian literature For example chronicle story«».

Planned results.

Subject Metasubject

During the classes.

1. Org. moment

2. Actualization of knowledge.

Checking homework.

Tell us about the origin of ancient Russian literature, genres, "Tales of Bygone Years".

(see Eremin's method manual pp. 74-75)

In what year did the baptism of Russia take place.? (998 - the baptism of Russia)

Ancient Russian literature arose in the XI (11) century.

What chronicle? (chronicle– description of events by year (AT summer 997)

3. Work on the topic lesson.

Are all the words in the title of the work clear? Which word is not clear?

(lad- This is a child from 7 to 15 years old)

What is feat? (Valiant, heroic deed, an important action performed in difficult conditions.) Do you know at least one person who committed feat?

What do you think this piece is about?

We have an excerpt from annals, which is usually called "The Tale of Bygone Years". Remember what is chronicle? Or maybe someone knows the name of the monk- chronicler?

Reading or listening to a phono reader story« The feat of the youth of Kiev and the cunning of the governor Pretich».

4. Conversation by content story:

Reading the first passage.

AT summer 6476(968) . For the first time, the Pechenegs came to the Russian land, and Svyatoslav was then in Pereyaslavets, and Olga locked herself up with her grandchildren in the city of Kyiv. And the Pechenegs besieged the city by force great: there were them countless around the city, and it was impossible to leave the city, nor to send a message. You couldn't take the horse get drunk: the Pechenegs stood on Lybid. People were exhausted from hunger and thirst.

What does the expression mean summer 6476 from which moment it was conducted chronology in ancient Russia(from the creation of the world).

Who are the Pechenegs? Svyatoslav? (SVYATOSLAV?-972, Grand Duke Kyiv, was an exceptionally active prince. Starting from 964, he made campaigns from Kyiv to the Oka, to the Volga region, to North Caucasus and the Balkans. He freed the Vyatichi from the power of the Khazars, fought in Volga Bulgaria, defeated in 965 Khazar Khaganate which contributed to the strengthening of the foreign policy position of Russia. In 967 he went on a campaign to Bulgaria to win back she has land on the Danube. There, in the small town of Pereyaslavets on the Danube, Svyatoslav wanted to move the capital of Russia.

At this time, the lands on which the Khazars defeated by Svyatoslav lived were occupied by new nomads - the Pechenegs. When Svyatoslav and his retinue were in Pereyaslavets, far from their native Kyiv, the Pechenegs attacked the capital city for the first time, about which tells us a chronicle passage.)

Why is Princess Olga famous?

Which country's capital is Kyiv today?

What is Lybid? (A small river that flows into the Dnieper.)

2. Reading the 2nd passage.

And the people of that side of the Dnieper gathered in boats and stood on the other side. And it was impossible for any of them to enter Kyiv, nor from Kyiv to them. And people began to grieve in the city and said:

Is there anyone who could cross over to the other side and to tell them: if you do not approach the city in the morning, we will surrender to the Pechenegs.

And one boy said:

I'll get through.

And they answered him:

What does the word grieve mean (mourn).

Is everything clear in this passage? To whom lad should convey a message from the people of Kiev?

3. Reading the third passage.

He left the city, holding a bridle, and ran through the camp of the Pechenegs, asking them:

Has anyone seen a horse?

For he knew the Pecheneg language, and they took him for their own. And when he approached the river, then, throwing off his clothes, he rushed into the Dnieper and swam. Seeing this, the Pechenegs rushed after him, shot at him, but could not do anything to him.

On the other side they saw this, rode up to him in a boat, took him in a boat and brought him to the squad. And the lad told them:

If you do not approach the city tomorrow, then people will surrender to the Pechenegs.

The Governor said them, by the name Pretich:

Tomorrow we will go in boats and, having captured the princess and princes, we will rush to this side. If we do not do this, then Svyatoslav will destroy us.

Do you understand everything from this passage?

What words do you find it difficult to explain? (Rook - a large boat, rowing or sailing. Governor- head of the army ancient Russia, knyazhichi - children of the prince.)

Why deed the lad is called in the annals a feat? What risked lad?

4. Reading the fourth passage.

The next morning, close to dawn, they sat in the boats and blew loudly, and the people in the city screamed. The Pechenegs thought that the prince himself had come, and fled from the city. And Olga went out with her grandchildren and people to the boats. The Pecheneg prince, seeing this, returned alone to governor Pretich and asked:

Who has come?

And he answered him:

People from that side of the Dnieper.

Pecheneg prince again asked:

Are you not a prince?

Pretich answered:

I am his husband, I came in watchmen, and behind me is a regiment (army) with myself prince: countless of them.

So he said to threaten them. Prince of the Pechenegs said Pretich:

Be my friend.

He answered:

I will do so.

And they shook hands with each other, and the Pecheneg prince gave Pretich horse, saber, arrows. He gave him chain mail, a shield and a sword. And the Pechenegs retreated from the city.

Why did the Pechenegs run away from the city?

Why did the Pecheneg prince propose Pretich friendship?

What cunning Pretich? What is the point of exchanging gifts?

5. Reading the last passage.

And the people of Kiev sent to Svyatoslav with words:

You, prince, are looking for someone else's land and take care of it, but you left your own. And we were almost taken by the Pechenegs, and your mother, and your children. If you don't come and protect us, they'll take us. Don't you feel sorry for your fatherland, or your old mother, or your children?

Hearing this, Svyatoslav quickly mounted his horse and came to Kyiv with his retinue. He kissed his mother and children and lamented what had happened to them from the Pechenegs. And he gathered the soldiers, and drove the Pechenegs into the field, and there was peace.

What is a reprieve? (Possession inherited from father.)

Squad? (A detachment of soldiers in the service of the prince.)

What does it mean to be broken? (To be very sad.)

What do the people of Kiev accuse Prince Svyatoslav of?

What did the prince do?

III. reflection. Choices (written answer to question).

1. Why the act the lad can be called a feat?

2. What do you think, having agreed to friendship with the Pecheneg Khan, cunning Pretich or was sincere?

3. How do you assess the act of Prince Svyatoslav (returned and drove the Pechenegs).

General question: what word (event) in your opinion the most important thing in the passage.

Pupils read the passage paragraph by paragraph, noting unfamiliar and rare words in each paragraph, writing them out and explaining. It is possible to learn how to work with an explanatory dictionary.

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The Tale of Bygone Years is a chronicle that introduces us to the feat of the youth of Kiev, namely, we need to write an essay about this retelling. To write, we read the Chronicle of the Tale of Bygone Years and learned about the feat of the youth of Kiev, while we learned not only about the feat of the youth of Kiev, but also the tricks of the governor.

The feat of the youth of Kiev and the cunning of the governor

The feat of the boy from Kiev and the cunning of the governor takes us back to ancient times in 968, at the time when Svyatoslav ruled, and the Pechenegs first attacked the Russian land.
At that ancient time, Svyatoslav, the prince of Kyiv, often made campaigns, and so he was on a campaign in Pareyaslavets, far from Kyiv. And at this time, the Pechenegs gathered near Kyiv. The princess closed the gates of the city, but people were starving and something had to be done. This is where ancient Russian literature tells about the feat of a boy from Kiev.

What feat did the boy from Kiev accomplish? What was the feat of the boy from Kiev?
The lad from Kiev is the one courageous man, who volunteered to leave the city, get through the Pechenegs and call for help. And he succeeded. Since he knew the language of the Pechenegs, they took him for his own, and when they figured it out, the lad was already swimming along the river and the arrows of the Pechenegs did not reach him.

Next, we learn about the cunning of the governor Pretich. It consisted in the fact that the governor trumpeted, came to the Pechenegs and said that this was only part of the troops of Svyatoslav, the prince himself was coming with a large army behind. The Pechenegs got scared and retreated. The Tale of Bygone Years, introducing the feat of the youth-Kievite and the cunning of the governor, ends with the fact that the prince still returns to Kyiv and drives the Pechenegs into the steppes. But here we see that the author of the story does not support Svyatoslav, condemns him, and this is confirmed by the words of the story, where the author says that the prince is looking for foreign lands, while he does not protect his lands.

The youth and the governor are depicted as courageous, brave heroes who were able to defend the city in the absence of the prince, although they had to use cunning and pretense.

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In 968, for the first time, Pecheneg nomads came to Russia. Kyiv Prince Svyatoslav fought with Byzantium and was far from home. Not far from the city there was only a small detachment of the voivode Pretich.

The youth from Kiev accomplished the following feat: he left the city and passed through the camp of enemies, speaking Pecheneg. If the enemies had guessed that he was from Kiev, they would have seized and killed him.

The trick of the voivode Pretich was that he did not admit to the Pecheneg prince that Svyatoslav was far from Kyiv, but told him that he, the voivode, was leading the vanguard, and the Russian prince with countless troops follows. The Pecheneg prince was frightened, asked for peace and retreated from the city.

The story ends with Svyatoslav returning from a foreign land and driving the Pechenegs into the field. Last words the chronicler emphasizes that the most important thing for a person is peace.

The chronicler respects heroic deed The youth, who was able to pass through the enemy camp and swim across the Dnieper under arrows, treats Pretich's forced cunning with understanding and does not approve of Svyatoslav. This disapproval is expressed in the words of the people of Kiev: "You, prince, are looking for someone else's land and take care of it, and you left your own." Troubles and famine might not have happened if Svyatoslav had not been in Pereyaslavets on the Danube, but in his native land.

The heroes of the read chronicle story are mostly occupied high position: Pretich - governor, he makes peace with the Pecheneg prince; Svyatoslav is a Russian prince, Princess Olga is his mother. Only the lad does not occupy a high position, but he can rightly be called an outstanding brave man.

The story of the feat of the boy-Kievite can serve the present, showing an example of courage and selflessness for the sake of salvation. native land.

The Tale of Bygone Years also includes folk legends - a story about a young kozhemyak (under 992) and a story about Belgorod kissel(under 997). In The Tale of the Kozhemyak, the artisan-kozhemyak shames the prince's retinue and saves Russia from the Pechenegs' raid. He accomplished a feat that none of the combatants of Prince Vladimir could accomplish - he defeated the mighty Pecheneg warrior. "The Tale of the Belgorod Kissel" is a story about the deception of the Pechenegs by cunning when they besieged Belgorod and there was a severe famine in the city. Then, on the advice of the wise old man, the remains of jelly and honey were lowered into the well, and after that these wells were shown to the Pechenegs. The Pechenegs decided that they would never starve the city and went back to the steppes.

The heroes of these legends are not princes, but ordinary Russian people, who, by their personal initiative, liberate their native land from enemies.

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Lesson 10 OLD RUSSIAN LITERATURE. "THE FEAT OF THE KIEV LIKE AND THE CRUNCH OF THE VOEVODA PRETICH"

05.05.2015 14931 0

Goals : give an idea of ancient Russian literature; to acquaint with the creation and main idea of the story "The feat of the youth ..."; develop the ability to formulate the theme of the work, to draw conclusions from what has been read; teach how to write a quotation plan.

During the classes

I. Opening speech of the teacher.

In the tenth century, a new faith came to Russia - Christianity. (Students will remember from previous lessons that before this time (AD 988) there were paganism.) In this regard, there is a need for a wide planting of faith, and books can help in this.

First of all, Prince Vladimir invites philologists from Bulgaria, the brothers Cyril and Methodius, to Russia. They create a new alphabet, which is now used by us and is called "Cyrillic". It made writing easier and more accessible. Old Slavonic writing fading away.

With the advent of a new, easier writing, the number of educated people is growing.

Thus, the book played a huge role in planting and then strengthening Christianity in Russia. At first, all books were translated, they were brought from Byzantium, Bulgaria. But already in the XI century. the works of ancient Russian writers appear, for example, Hilarion's "Word of Law and Grace", chronicles (a genre peculiar only to Russia), "The Tale of Bygone Years" - XII century, various "Lives ..."

The period of Old Russian literature ends in the 17th century.

The Tale of Bygone Years is the first piece of literature that has survived to this day. What does "temporary" mean? Past, long gone. Legends and legends are included in this work. They reflect such themes as national-patriotic, the struggle of the principalities for unification and others.

The story "The feat of the boy from Kiev and the cunning of the governor Pretich", included in the "Tale of Bygone Years", tells about the events that took place "In the summer of 6476" (968), about the seizure of Russian lands by the Pechenegs.

II. Acquaintance with the article "From Old Russian Literature"(textbook, p. 45).

III. Work on the questions and tasks of the textbook given after the article.

IV. Reading the story by students who can read well and expressively.

In parallel with the development of the text, vocabulary work writing difficult words on the board.

V. Conversation on the questions:

1. What feat did the boy from Kiev accomplish?

2. What was the trick of the Governor Pretich?

3. What helped the boy to cope with the task of the governor?

4. What character traits did you see in the boy? (Courage, fearlessness, intelligence, desire to protect your city.)

5. What theme pervades this work? (Love for the Motherland is the main theme of the story. All the heroes rallied, everyone pursues one goal - to drive the enemy out of their native land. Not being able to defeat the enemy by force, the inhabitants used such weapons as cunning. After which their actions were crowned with success.)

VI. Drawing up a citation plan.

Plan (approximate)

1. "The Pechenegs came to the Russian land, and Svyatoslav was ... in Pereyaslavets ..."

2. "... Olga closed herself in Kyiv with her grandchildren ..."

3. "The Pechenegs laid siege to the city ..."

4. “People began to grieve ... to look for someone who could go to the other side ...”

5. "A boy came out with a bridle."

6. "I reported the trouble to the squad."

7. “The squad approached the city. The Pechenegs thought that the prince himself had come, and fled from the city.

8. Cunning Pretich.

9. “And they gave each other hands…” (Pretich and the Pecheneg prince.)

10. "... the people of Kiev sent to Svyatoslav ..."

11. "Svyatoslav ... mounted a horse and came to Kyiv with a squad ... drove the Pechenegs ... and there was peace ..."

VII. Retelling of the story according to the plan.

VIII. Observation of the language of narration.

Analysis of question 2 (textbook, p. 49).

IX. Work on a reproduction of the painting by the artist A. Ivanov "The Feat of a Young Kyivian".

Students note what the artist depicted in the foreground and background of the picture; what feelings were reflected on the young man's face; why is he so fast; express an opinion about the picture (like or dislike).

X. Generalization.

Reading an excerpt from the book “Native Land” by D. S. Likhachev - “The past must serve the present!”

Homework: at the discretion of the teacher.