“In my cruel age I glorified freedom” (2). In my cruel age I glorified freedom

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created many poems that flow like music, fragrant like flowers, fascinate us throughout life. And yet, summing up his work, he did not take credit for the beauty of the verse, but for the fact that he “awakened good feelings” with a lyre, that in the “cruel age” he “glorified ... freedom and mercy to the fallen called.”

Already in the ode “Liberty”, the nineteen-year-old poet clearly defined its goal:

I want to sing freedom to the world,

On thrones to strike vice

Speaking against despotism, "tyrants of the world", he calls on them to sacredly observe the laws that are written both for the people and for them:

Masters! you crown and throne

Gives the Law - not nature;

You stand above the people

But the eternal Law is above you.

The poet acts as a defender of constitutional, that is, limited, power. Violation of the law is disastrous for the state, therefore, at the end of the ode, the author calls on the “lords” to bow “under the reliable shadow of the Law”, and then “freedom and peace will become the eternal guardians of the throne of peoples.”

In the poem "Fairy Tales" Pushkin exposes the deceitfulness of the Tsar, who says:

And to people I people's rights,

By my royal grace,

I'll give it out of good will.

The people call his promises fairy tales. The poet ridiculed the despot king who told people stories about the constitution.

Patriotic and liberation ideas are heard in the message "To Chaadaev". Only in a free society can a person be happy, but freedom and liberty do not come by themselves. The poet, referring to young generation, exclaims:

While we burn with freedom

As long as hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will devote to the fatherland

Souls beautiful impulses!

Pushkin firmly believes in victory, "in the star of captivating happiness", in the triumph of the cause to which they dedicated their lives the best people Russia.

According to the poet, "on the ruins of autocracy" will write the names of those who fought for the freedom of the people. We know that the desire for freedom, the liberation of the people from serfdom, the struggle for revolutionary transformation society dedicated their lives to the Decembrists. The king, frightened by the uprising on Senate Square introduced terror everywhere. Everything progressive was choked, and the names of the Decembrists were forbidden even to be pronounced. And in such a gloomy time, Pushkin had the courage to send his disgraced friends the poem “To Siberia”. The poet affirms the greatness of their cause:

Your mournful work will not be lost

And doom high aspiration.

He not only consoles the Decembrists, but also emphasizes his unshakable faith in the coming liberation of his friends, in the historical significance of their feat for the motherland, in victory over the autocracy:

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be warmly welcomed at the entrance...

Pushkin publicly declared his loyalty to the Decembrists in the poem "Arion": "I sing the old hymns ...". He betrayed neither his friends nor the ideals of his youth.

The protest against serfdom, against the “wild nobility”, which appropriated “without feeling, without law” “both labor, and property, and the time of the farmer” sounds with particular force in the poem “Village”. In his last lines one can hear the passionate expectation of freedom, the call to it:

I see, my friends! an unoppressed people

And Slavery, fallen at the behest of the king,

And over the Fatherland of Enlightened Freedom

Will the beautiful Dawn rise at last?

Condemnation of the inhuman cruelty of the rulers, anger and hatred causes the poem "Anchar". It is obvious sharp despotism, protest against the autocracy, against the system of oppression and slavery.

So, we are convinced that Pushkin's freedom-loving lyrics cover his entire creative way, starting with the ode “Liberty”, written in the years of youth, and ending with “Monument”, created a year before his death. The poet is proud that in that “cruel age” he “glorified” freedom.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin created many poems that flow like music, fragrant like flowers, fascinate us throughout life. And yet, summing up his work, he did not take credit for the beauty of the verse, but for the fact that he “awakened good feelings” with a lyre, that in the “cruel age” he “glorified ... freedom and mercy to the fallen called.”

Already in the ode “Liberty”, the nineteen-year-old poet clearly defined its goal:

I want to sing freedom to the world,

On thrones to strike vice

Speaking against despotism, "tyrants of the world", he calls on them to sacredly observe the laws that are written both for the people and for them:

Masters! you crown and throne

Gives the Law - not nature;

You stand above the people

But the eternal Law is above you.

The poet acts as a defender of constitutional, that is, limited, power. Violation of the law is disastrous for the state, therefore, at the end of the ode, the author calls on the “lords” to bow “under the reliable shadow of the Law”, and then “freedom and peace will become the eternal guardians of the throne of peoples.”

In the poem "Fairy Tales" Pushkin exposes the deceitfulness of the Tsar, who says:

And to the people I am the rights of the people,

By my royal grace,

I'll give it out of good will.

The people call his promises fairy tales. The poet ridiculed the despot king who told people stories about the constitution.

Patriotic and liberation ideas are heard in the message "To Chaadaev". Only in a free society can a person be happy, but freedom and liberty do not come by themselves. The poet, addressing the younger generation, exclaims:

While we burn with freedom

As long as hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will devote to the fatherland

Souls wonderful impulses!

Pushkin firmly believes in victory, "in the star of captivating happiness", in the triumph of the cause to which the best people of Russia have devoted their lives.

According to the poet, "on the ruins of autocracy" will write the names of those who fought for the freedom of the people. We know that the Decembrists dedicated their lives to the desire for freedom, the liberation of the people from serfdom, the struggle for the revolutionary transformation of society. The tsar, frightened by the uprising on the Senate Square, introduced terror everywhere. Everything progressive was choked, and the names of the Decembrists were forbidden even to be pronounced. And in such a gloomy time, Pushkin had the courage to send his disgraced friends the poem “To Siberia”. The poet affirms the greatness of their cause:

Your mournful work will not be lost

And doom high aspiration.

He not only consoles the Decembrists, but also emphasizes his unshakable faith in the coming liberation of his friends, in the historical significance of their feat for the motherland, in victory over the autocracy:

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be warmly welcomed at the entrance...

Pushkin publicly declared his loyalty to the Decembrists in the poem "Arion": "I sing the old hymns ...". He betrayed neither his friends nor the ideals of his youth.

The protest against serfdom, against the “wild nobility”, which appropriated “without feeling, without law” “both labor, and property, and the time of the farmer” sounds with particular force in the poem “Village”. In his last lines one can hear the passionate expectation of freedom, the call to it:

I see, my friends! an unoppressed people

And Slavery, fallen at the behest of the king,

And over the Fatherland of Enlightened Freedom

Will the beautiful Dawn rise at last?

Condemnation of the inhuman cruelty of the rulers, anger and hatred causes the poem "Anchar". It is obvious sharp despotism, protest against the autocracy, against the system of oppression and slavery.

So, we are convinced that Pushkin's freedom-loving lyrics cover his entire creative path, starting with the ode “Liberty”, written in his youth, and ending with “Monument”, created a year before his death. The poet is proud that in that “cruel age” he “glorified” freedom.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the poem "Monument", where he talks about the purpose of his work and his services to the Motherland, sees one of the merits in the fact that he glorified freedom in his "cruel age".

Indeed, Pushkin created a whole cycle of poems dedicated to the theme of freedom. One of the first is famous poem"To Chaadaev". In it, the poet raises the problems of civic duty and political freedom. An appeal to a friend develops into a call to faith in the ideals of freedom and the possibility of achieving them.

The poetic image of the “star of captivating happiness”, which completes the poem, becomes a symbol of hope for the triumph of the ideals of civil freedom.

The triumph moral freedom over all physical limitations A.S. Pushkin embodied in the poem "Prisoner". Lyrical hero- a freedom-loving personality, he is “a young eagle bred in captivity”, he is forced to sit behind bars, but thoughts of freedom do not leave him for a minute. The call of a comrade awakens new forces in him, thanks to which he is freed from external fetters.

The theme of liberation from the “darkness of imprisonment” also sounds in the poem “In the depths of Siberian ores”. Here Pushkin addresses the participants December uprising. He says that their work was not in vain, that in the end justice should prevail: “Heavy fetters will fall, / Prisons will collapse - and freedom / will accept you joyfully at the entrance, / And the brothers will give you the sword.”

However, the poem “Freedom is the sower of the desert” is permeated with a completely different mood. In it, Pushkin says that all his attempts to glorify freedom turned out to be meaningless, because the people themselves do not want to free themselves from the dragging of a slave yoke. Pushkin compares the people with a herd that cannot have its own opinion and fight against slavery, it can only obediently carry out the will of the leader, so why then "gifts of freedom to the herd"? But, despite the fact that Pushkin is disappointed in the people, he still continues to create poems dedicated to the theme of freedom, because he is true to his ideals, as he says in the poem "Arion": "I sing the old hymns."

Thus, Pushkin in the poems of freedom-loving lyrics constantly calls for independence, freedom, both moral and social. Freedom for him is the highest value in life, to which, in his opinion, every person should strive. This gives him full foundation to assert that in his "cruel age" he glorified freedom.

Updated: 2017-06-24

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Heavy chains will fall

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be gladly received at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

A. S. Pushkin

Pushkin's most striking poems, igniting the enthusiasm of a generation, in my opinion, are the ode to "Liberty", "To Chaadaev", "Arion". Later, Pushkin took it to himself as a special merit that he "glorified freedom" after Radishchev. And indeed, in the first post-lyceum poems, the great poet raises the main Radishchev themes - the themes of the struggle against autocracy and serfdom. Politically, the pathos of Pushkin's poem is more moderate than the accusatory force of Radishchev's "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" and his revolutionary ode "Liberty", but in an artistic sense they are immeasurably higher.

Pushkin's "Liberty" is a program work. If in lyceum poetry the favorite motive is an escape from the noise of the city to the bosom of nature, from secular bustle - "to the land of thought and inspiration", now he wants to break the "pampered lyre", to escape from solitude. Now he wants "to sing of freedom to the world, to defeat vice on thrones." Reflected in the ode early views noble revolutionaries to power, people and law. the main idea The ode is that freedom is also possible under the conditions of a monarchical state, if the tsar and the people strictly comply with the laws:
Masters! You crown and throne
Gives the law - not nature;
You stand above the people
But the eternal law is above you.

The poet believes that if laws are violated by tyrant kings, then such monarchs perish; if the people violate the laws, he becomes a slave. The strongest impression is made by the lines where Pushkin calls on the slaves to wake up, perk up, realize their rights and take revenge on the tyrants. In my opinion, the ode "Liberty" is a brilliantly written freedom-loving work that paved the way for the Decembrist ideas.

In the summer of 1818 Pushkin visited Mikhailovsky. And he himself was able to see what a feudal village is like. The poem "The Village" is built on the opposition of the idyllic picture of the "desert corner" for the few chosen ones to the poverty and ugliness of the life of the destitute people:
Here, everyone drags a burdensome yoke to the grave,
……………………………………

Here young maidens bloom
For the whim of an unfeeling villain.

What the poet sees in this piece of paradise does not allow him to devote himself undividedly to creativity, but raises a painful question to which there is no answer.

I see, my friends! an unoppressed people
And slavery, fallen at the behest of the king,
And over the fatherland of enlightened freedom
Will the beautiful dawn finally rise?

"To Chaadaev" is one of Pushkin's most popular works of the period 1817-1820. It is addressed to one of Pushkin's closest friends. The poem impresses with its passion, enthusiasm, political temperament, youthful enthusiasm.

The first four lines are a farewell to liberal youthful illusions and hopes for the renewal of society: disappeared " youthful fun like a dream, like a morning mist. What is left of those days? Nothing. No "love", no "hope", no "quiet glory".

The final lines of the poem call for action - liberation from autocracy. And this feat, according to Pushkin, will provide a more lasting glory than the "quiet glory" of a poet who sings of love.

The tragedy of December 14, 1825 shocked the poet. For a long time he could not compose lyric poetry at all. The first poem "Under the blue sky of his native country" was written only seven months after the uprising.

Pushkin's work, of course, could not but reflect the changes that took place in the mood of society after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. But his lyrics have not lost their love of freedom. In 1827, Pushkin wrote an ardent, deeply sympathetic message to the Decembrists languishing "in the depths of the Siberian ores". Inspired by the feat of the wives of the Decembrists, many of whom obtained permission to follow their husbands, the poet seeks to inspire “vigor and fun” into the hearts of his friends, inspire them with hope that “the dungeons will collapse”, convince them of the great historical significance their deeds: "Your mournful work and thoughts of high aspiration will not be lost."

In the poem “Arion”, Pushkin, in the form of a transparent allegory, not only declares himself a literary accomplice of the Decembrists (“I sang to the swimmers ...”), but also emphasizes his loyalty to the ideals of freedom: “I sing the old hymns ...” And this was not a declaration. Approximately a year and a half after "Arion", he creates one of the most significant and deeply civil poems "Anchar", in which, as it were, he develops the words of Radishchev "about bestial autocracy", "when a person commands a person."

Pushkin organically combined truth with beauty in his poetry. But beauty was not an aesthetic decoration of life in his work, it was not brought into it from the outside, but was born in it itself. Pushkin created the greatest examples of artistry and beauty, but the basic principle of his aesthetics was truth.

"In my cruel age I glorified freedom". Pushkin accompanies us all our lives. It enters our consciousness from childhood through wonderful tales about the golden fish, about the mischievous worker Balda, about the blue Lukomorye with sea heroes. In his youth, Pushkin comes to us through school. It awakens the desire for the lofty, the love of "holy liberty", the desire to dedicate "souls of the beautiful impulses" to the Fatherland. The world of the poet is huge. Everything was the subject of his poetry. We learn the unique features of nature and Russian life, we discover the Motherland for ourselves, cultivate love for it, become spiritually richer and morally purer by reading Pushkin.

The fate of people has always worried Pushkin. At the center of the poet's work is the life of his contemporaries, the suffering that befell those who selflessly fought for freedom. He was able to right moment help people gain faith in the future. One of Pushkin's main themes is the theme of freedom. Following the traditions of Russian poetry, Pushkin writes the ode "Liberty". The poet dreams of freedom enshrined in law, the Constitution:

I want to sing freedom to the world,

On thrones to strike vice.

Following Liberty, Pushkin writes To Chaadaev. The poem is written in the spirit of a friendly message. Pushkin says that youthful dreams and hopes did not come true, "youthful amusements disappeared, like a dream, like a morning mist." But the desire for a new life did not die in the soul of the poet. He calls for Chaadaev not to lose heart, to devote to the Fatherland "souls of wonderful impulses":

Comrade, believe: she will rise,

Star of captivating happiness

Russia will wake up from sleep

And on the ruins of autocracy

Write our names!

In the poem "The Village" the poet is in solitude in the bosom of beautiful nature. Together with him we see a quiet and quiet life in the village, breathe fresh air, admiring the dark garden "of this coolness and flowers." Not allowing us to fully enjoy the magnificent view that opens before our eyes, the poet shows not at all what we dreamed of, but the life of the working peasantry: its poverty, lack of rights, cruel exploitation:

But a terrible thought darkens the soul here:

Among flowering fields and mountains

A friend of mankind sadly remarks

Everywhere ignorance is a murderous shame.

The arbitrariness reigning in the village differs in striking contrast from the beauty of nature. Pushkin makes it clear that existing system wild, inhuman. Happiness can only be achieved in a free society.

After the defeat of the Decembrists, Pushkin did not break ties with his former friends, with the families of those exiled to Siberia. "In the depths of the Siberian ores ..." is dedicated to the Decembrists, sentenced to hard labor. The work begun by the Decembrists was not in vain, the successors of their ideas are fulfilling the dream of happiness, of freedom:

Heavy chains will fall

The dungeons will collapse - and freedom

You will be gladly received at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

In the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands…” the plot is the fate of Pushkin, comprehended against the background of the historical movement. In the poem we see heavy thoughts about the cruelty of the age, about relations with the king, about the unattainable happiness of freedom. The poem is full of bitter foreboding of imminent death, proud contempt for praise and slander, faith in the power of the poetic word, boundless love for Russia. In it is the consciousness of a fulfilled duty to the people. The great genius is the voice of the people, its prophet. Pushkin hopes that poetry will become the property of the people: "The rumor about me will spread throughout all of Great Russia ..." The poet lived through the suffering of Russia, its glory, success and pain, and was happy that folk wisdom. He was proud that his poetry was free and appealed to freedom. Pushkin affirms the unity of popular and personal ideals:

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,

That I aroused good feelings with lyre,

That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom

And he called for mercy on the fallen.

The word "freedom" includes political and spiritual freedom, freedom from slavery and from class, religious, national and other prejudices. “Mercy for the Fallen” is about the Decembrists. But Pushkin's words received a broader address - this is about serfs, and about tortured soldiers, and about ordinary city people. Pushkin opposes the monument to autocracy with his own monument. His monument, which "ascended above ... the head of the recalcitrant pillar of alexandria”, was freedom-loving, rebellious, filled with love for man poetry. Pushkin's "monument" is a feat of the poet, capturing all the beauty of his personality.