Dobrynya Nikitich read the epic full content. Russian folk tale "Dobrynya Nikitich

Introduction

Dobrynya Nikitich is depicted in epics as the second strongest and most important hero after Ilya Muromets. A fairly extensive set of stories about the origin, service and exploits of this hero are recorded in a number of epics: “Dobrynya and the Serpent”, “Dobrynya and Marinka” and “Dobrynya and Alyosha”, etc.

By origin Dobrynya Nikitich - princely family, which, nevertheless, did not prevent him from winning love and recognition from the common people, who, in their epic tradition, endowed him with many virtues: in epics, the hero is educated, tactful, courteous, knows how to walk in ambassadors, skillfully plays the harp. The main business of his life is the military service of Russia.

As an average hero, Dobrynya is included in the heroic trinity along with Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich. Dobrynya Nikitich’s “middle” position explains the emphasis on the connecting function of this character: thanks to his efforts and talents, the heroic trinity remains restored even after Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich are separated . In some epics, Dobrynya performs in a community with Ilya and / or Alyosha, in others - with other heroes (Danube, Vasily Kazimirovich), in others - alone. Of all the bogatyrs, he is closest to Prince Vladimir the Red Sun: sometimes he turns out to be his nephew, often stays with Vladimir and directly fulfills the prince’s instructions, woo a bride for him, conducts, at the request of the princess, negotiations with passers-by, etc.

Folklorists showed great interest in this image, as evidenced by a large number of works on this topic by such authors as V.Ya. Propp, B. Rybakov, V. Miller, A.F. Hilferding and others.

Thus, the purpose of our work is to consider the interpretations of the image of Dobrynya Nikitich in the epic epic by various research authors.

The object of study in our work is the process of incarnation of the character of the hero in epics.

The subject is the specificity of the hero's personality.

- to consider the main interpretations of the origin of the image of Dobrynia;

- to reveal the character traits of the hero as a hero-serpent fighter;

- to analyze the main personality traits of Dobrynya Nikitich, reflected in various epics.

The practical significance of our work lies in the fact that the material presented in it can be further used in the study of the course of traditional Russian folklore, folk poetic creativity Russian people, as well as in the preparation of special courses and special seminars on epic folk art.

1. Historical basis epics about Dobryn Nikitich

Several widespread epic stories are dedicated to Dobrynya, such as “Dobrynya and the Serpent”, “Dobrynya and Vasily Kazimirovich”, “Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich” (“The Marriage of Alyosha Popovich to Dobrynya's Wife”), “Dobrynya and Marinka” and others.

Not all of these epics appeared at the same time. The earliest, according to many scientists, is the epic "Dobrynya and the Serpent", the latest - the epic "Dobrynya and Marinka". The prototype of Marinka is seen in the wife of Dmitry the Pretender Marina Mnishek.

Researchers agree that the image of Dobrynya has a very real historical prototype - this is Vladimir I's maternal uncle, who lived at the beginning of the 11th century. Vladimir's mother, the housekeeper of Princess Olga Malusha, is Dobrynya's sister (Vladimir is the natural son of Svyatoslav). Being older than Vladimir, Dobrynya was his mentor, then an associate in military campaigns and other matters. state importance. There are chronicles about him, similar to epic stories. For example, epic Dobrynya- matchmaker of Prince Vladimir. Historical Dobrynya acted in this role in 980, when Vladimir I decided to marry the Polotsk princess Rogneda.

The connection of Dobrynya Nikitich with the reality of the late X - early XI century. does not mean that all epics about him were generated historical events that time. Having become an epic hero, Dobrynya lives according to the laws of the oral epic: he assimilates the features of more ancient heroes, enters works that previously existed and were later composed. It is possible that most of the ancient songs about Dobrynya have long been forgotten. However, the place of Dobrynya among other heroes of the Russian epic indicates that he was the main character of epic songs that cycled around Kyiv prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

Thus, it becomes clear that the epic did not invent the name of Dobrynya, she only captured him in the memory of the people. In the book of Academician B.A. Rybakova " Ancient Russia”, in the chapter devoted to the Vladimir cycle of epics, we will find the subchapter “Dobrynya Nikitich”, which contains a detailed analysis of the coincidences of epics and annalistic information about Dobrynya. Science more than a hundred years ago found out that the epic Dobrynya and the first Dobrynya, mentioned in Russian chronicles in the 10th century, are one and the same person.

Dobrynya Nikitich was born around 935 in Korosten. Now it is a small town in the Zhytomyr region, and in the 10th century it was the capital of the Drevlyane land. The city was famous for its impregnable oak walls, stretching, according to local legend, for several miles.

Dobrynya was the crown prince of the Drevlyane land. His father's name was Mal Drevlyansky. The fact that Dobrynya is the son of Prince Mal is silent in the chronicle (there were dynastic and political reasons for this). But the Drevlyan origin of Dobrynia was unraveled in 1864 by the historian D.I. Prozorovsky in the article “On the relationship of St. Vladimir by mother.

Bylina knows the Drevlyane and princely origin of Dobrynia. Researcher T.N. Kondratieva noticed that in the epics he is either a boyar or a prince. Bylina also knows Dobrynya's father, the hero Nikita Zaleshanin (which was also noted by the outstanding Russian scientist A.A. Shakhmatov). This is a hero, whom no one in Kyiv knows by sight, except for Dobrynya, and at the same time a person so respected that Ilya Muromets himself hides behind his name

In 945, Mal Drevlyansky raised an uprising against the despotic Igor Rurikovich, who reigned in Kyiv. Civil War in the state lasted a whole year. But military happiness is changeable, and Mal Drevlyansky was captured by his family. And crown prince Drevlyans Dobrynya falls into slavery, in humiliation becomes a groom.

The bylina notes Dobrynya's ten years of slavery in her youth and her slow ascent from more humiliating slave positions to less humiliating ones. Only in the tenth year did Dobrynya finally receive a horse, i.e. freedom.

Together with Dobrynya, his sister Malusha was also captured. Chronicles note her position under Princess Olga - the housekeeper.

Dobrynya and Malusha received their freedom around 955. Next chapter in the biography of Dobrynya, undoubtedly, is connected with Kyiv. The gradual elevation of the children of Mal and then their release was no accident. Olga had far-reaching plans. A far-sighted and courageous politician, she learned lessons from the Drevlyan uprising.

At the end of the fifties (about 958 or 959) Olga in the face of Slavic gods she put the hand of her son, Sovereign Svyatoslav, in the hand of the daughter of Mal, who executed his father, in the hand of the sovereign princess Malusha of Drevlyanskaya! Dobrynya, of course, attended the ceremony in Kyiv of this important dynastic marriage for his family and beneficial for the whole country. And Mal too. Both of them have now received the rank of Kievan boyars. For a whole decade, the life of Dobrynya, who became the brother-in-law of Sovereign Svyatoslav, was connected with the Kyiv court. And in 970 it came new turn: Svyatoslav sent Dobrynya to Novgorod, handing him the regency under his young nephew Vladimir.

The next period of the life of Dobrynya Nikitich leads abroad - the brother-in-law and son of Svyatoslav with his companions received asylum in Sweden, where they had to spend three long years. Dobrynya in 980 finally returned to Russia.

Thus, it can be noted that the epic Dobrynya, when compared with the chronicle Dobrynya, Vladimir's uncle, seems to have nothing in common with him. While the annalistic Dobrynya occupies almost a leading role before Vladimir's accession to the throne of Kyiv and for a long time after that, Dobrynya byliny occupies a secondary role at Vladimir's court. Moreover, the epic Dobrynya complains to his mother about his fate: he regrets that his mother did not give birth to him with a combustible stone, that she did not throw this stone to the bottom blue sea, where he would lie quietly and be spared the need to drive across an open field.

This dissimilarity can be explained by the fact that under the name of Dobrynya in epics not only Dobrynya, Vladimir's uncle, but also a number of other Dobrynyas, who were mixed with the first, are sung. So, in the Tver Chronicle, next to Alexander Popovich (Alyosha Popovich bylin), his friend Dobrynya (Timonya) Zlatopoyas is mentioned; and the Nikon Chronicle mentions Alexander Popovich, his servant Torop, and Dobrynya Razanich the Golden Belt.

Some epics about Dobryn really take him out of Ryazan; his father is a trading guest Nikitushka Romanovich.

In any case, there are some features in the epics about Dobrynya that may have a connection with Vladimir's historical uncle: obtaining a bride for Vladimir is an undoubted echo of the story with Rogneda.

Researcher Yu.I. Smirnov notes that the chronicles link at least seven Dobryns:

- Dobrynya, the uncle of Vladimir I Svyatoslavovich, is mentioned several times in the information on the 10th century;

- according to the XI century - Dobrynya Raguilovich, governor of Novgorod;

- until the 12th century - the Novgorod posadnik Dobrynya, the Kyiv boyar Dobrynka and the Suzdal boyar Dobrynya Dolgiy;

- according to the 12th century, Dobrynya Galicianin and Dobrynya Yadreykovich, Bishop of Novgorod.

The choice is quite large - almost four centuries, and theoretically it is impossible to exclude any of these "prototypes" or reduce all Dobryns to the first of them. Annalistic news has been preserved about each of these historical Dobryns, and about some - literary works. Yu.I. Smirnov speaks of the times of pre-Mongol Rus, but even later, in the 15th-17th centuries, this name remained among the most common ancient Russian names. It should be borne in mind that it belonged to the number of "non-calendar" names, it could not be given at baptism. And this means that for all the Dobryns listed above, it was either the second - a pagan name received for certain qualities: kindness, beauty, greatness. All this was invested in Old Russian name Dobrynya.

Mother Dobrynushka used to say,
Mother Nikitich punished:



Do not help out the full Russian there,
Do not bathe in mother Puchai river;
That river is savage,
Sviripaya river, angry:

From behind another stream, a spark pours,
From behind the third trickle, the smoke pours in a pillar,
Smoke pours down like a column and with a flame itself.
Young Dobrynya son Nikitinich
He did not listen, yes, mother's parents are here,
Honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna,
He went to the Sorochinskaya mountain,
He trampled here little snakes,
Rescued here full of Russian.
Here, yes, Dobrynya swam in the Puchay river,
Dobrynya himself said here:
“Mother Dobrynushka used to say,
Native Nikitich punished:
You don't go to Sorochinskaya mountain,
Do not trample on there you are small snakes,
Do not swim, Dobrynya, in the River Puchay;
That river is savage,
A fierce river, even an angry one:
Because of the first stream, it cuts like fire,
From behind another stream, a spark pours,


This mother Puchai river
Like a raindrop."
Dobrynya didn’t have time to say a word right there,
- Because of the first trickle, it cuts like fire,
From behind another stream, a spark pours.
From behind the third trickle, the smoke pours in a pillar,
Smoke pours down like a column and with a flame.
It turns out that the snake was cursed,
About twelve snakes were about trunks:

Now I want to - I'll eat Dobrynushka whole,
I want - I'll take Dobrynya in the trunk,
If I want to, I’ll take Dobrynushka to the full.”
Dobrynya son Nikitinich will speak:
“Oh, you, the snake was cursed!
You would be in time to capture Dobrynushka,
At the time you boast Dobrynushka,
And nunchu Dobrynya is not in your hands.”
Dobrynushka will dive here at the shore,
Dobrynushka emerged on another.
Dobrynya has no good horse,
Dobrynya has no sharp spear,
There is nothing for Dobrynushka to get better.
Dobrynya himself will shrink here,
Dobrynya himself will say:
“It can be seen that Dobrynushka has no end!”
There lies a cap and Greek land,
And the weight of the cap will be three pounds.
He hit the snake was on the trunks,
Repulsed the snakes twelve of the same trunks,
Lost on a snake, yes he is with his knees,
He grabbed a knife and a dagger,
If only he wanted to spread the snake.
The snake prayed to him here:
“Oh, dear Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich!
Be you, Dobrynushka, yes big brother,
I am your little sister.
Let us make the great commandment:
You don’t have to go now to Sorochinskaya mountain,
Do not trample the little snakes here,
Do not help out the full and Russian;
And I will be your sister, let me be smaller,
I don’t have to fly to holy Russia,
And do not take more full and Russian,
Do not wear to me the people of the Christian.
He weakened the knees and the heroes.
The snake was yes here crafty,
From under the knees, yes, the snake curled up,
Here the snake flew away and into the feather grass.
And young Dobrynya son Nikitinich
He went to the city to Kyiv,
To the affectionate prince, to Vladimir,
To my mother here to my parents,
To the honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna.
And Dobrynya himself boasted:
“As Dobrynya does not have a good horse,
As Dobrynya does not have a sharp spear,
There is no one to ride now Dobrynya in an open field.

“Like the sun is coming to us in the evening,
An honorable feast is drunk with us,
And I ka wa, Vladimir, is not fun:
One of my favorite niece
And young Zabava is Potyatichna's daughter;
A cursed snake flew here,
The snake flew through the city of Kyiv;
Went Nun Zabava Potyatichna's daughter
She is with mothers and nannies
Walk in the green garden
The snake fell here was damned
To that mother and to the damp earth,
The daughter of Potyatichna grabbed Fun here,
In the green garden yes I am walking,
In their own it was in the trunk of a snake,
She took it to the snake cave.
Two mighty Russian heroes are sitting here,
Alyoshenka Levontievich is sitting here,
In others, Dobrynya is the son of Nikitinich.
Vladimir Stolnekievsky will speak:
“You are Russian mighty heroes,
Oh, you, Aleshenka Levontievich!
Can you get Zabava daughter Potyatichna from us
From that cave was from the snake?
Aleshenka Levontievich will speak:
“Oh, you, the sun, Vladimir Stolnekievsky!
I heard it was in this world,
I heard from Dobrynushka Nikitich:
Dobrynushka snake was a cross brother;
The cursed snake will give back to Young Dobrynushka Nikitich
Without a fight, without a fight of bloodshed
Immediately nun Fun daughter Potyatichnu.
Vladimir Stolnekievsky will speak:
“Oh, dear Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich!
You get ka nun Fun daughter Potyatichna
Yes, from that cave there was a snake.
You won’t get Fun, daughter of Potyatichnaya,
I will order you, Dobrynya, to chop off your head.
Dobrynya hung his wild head here,
He drowned his clear eyes
And whether in that brick bridge,
Dobrynya does not answer him anything.
Here Dobrynya stands on frisky feet,
Gives him great respect
He nun for fun feasting.
And he went to his parents, to his mother
And to the honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna.
Here he is being met and his parent, mother,
Dobrynya herself will say here:
“What are you, horny, not fun,
Violent head, horny, hanged?
Oh, you young Dobrynya son Nikitinich!
Ali, you were out of your mind,
Ali drinker were you out of your mind?
Did that fool laugh at you,
Did Ali the drunkard call you there, Ali by a spell they brought you there?
Dobrynya son Nikitinich spoke here,
He told his parents here to mother,
And the honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna:
“And honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna!
As a matter of fact, you were in my mind,
And you were a drink to me but to the mind,
They didn’t bring me a spell there,
And that fool did not laugh at me,
And let the drunkard not call me names;
And he threw a great service on us
The sun, Vladimir Stolnekievsky,
And it was Fun to get the daughter of Potyatichna
And from that there was a cave of snakes.
And nun, Dobrynya has no good horse,
And nun, Dobrynya does not have a sharp spear,
I have nothing to go to Sorochinskaya mountain,
To that there were snakes now to the damned.
Mother told him here,
And the widow Ofimya Alexandrovna is honest:
“And now you are a child of mine,
Young Dobrynushka Nikitinich!
Pray to God and go to sleep
If the morning is wiser than the evening,
The day will be profitable for us there.
You go to the stable, to the standing one,
You take the horse from the stable,
Batiushkov’s horse is worth yes grandfathers,
And it stands burko fifteen years,
Up to the knees in the ground, the legs are grown,
The door to the waist in the ground is overgrown.
Dobrynya son Nikitinich comes here
But to that stable standing,
He pulled the door out of the nazmu,
The horse's legs are pulled out of the nazmu and out.
And here Dobrynushka Nikitinich takes it,
Beret Dobrynushka good horse
On the same bridle and on a braided one,
Brings the standing people out of the stable,
He fed the horse with beloyarovaya millet,
He gave drink to honey.
Dobrynya lay down here on a great oder.
He gets up early in the morning,
He washes and white,
Equipped yes well,
And saddle his yes he is a good horse,
He puts sweatshirts on sweatshirts,
And on sweatshirts he puts felts,
And on the felts there is a Cherkal saddle,
And here Dobrynya sat on a good horse.
The parent of his mother escorts here,
And the widow Ofimya Alexandrovna is honest,
On the train, nonh gave him a whip,
Served here a Shamakhi whip,
And seven silks were different,
And she was punishing Dobrynushka:
“Oh, dear Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich!
Here's a Shamakhi whip for you:
You will go to the Sorochinskaya mountain,
You will trample on little snakes,
To help out here is full of Russian,
May your own burushka not jump,
And shake off the Zmeenyshev from his feet,
You are a burqa da nun between the ears,
You are between the ears of the dude, but you are between the legs,
You are between the legs and between the back,
Say the burka yourself: “You are a horse, jump,

Here she said goodbye and returned.
We saw Dobrynushka here and sitting down,
But you didn’t see a remote ride here.
Do not go by paths, not by gates,
A policeman went through that wall,
Through thuja there was a corner tower,
He is on that mountain Sorochinskaya.
He began to trample and little snakes,
Rescue and full of non Russian.
The serpents burka and brushes have sharpened here,
But he didn’t start jumping his burushka,
On the horses here Dobrynya will shrink,
Nunechka Dobrynushka ending!
He remembered the order, yes it was mother's,
He thrust his hand into a deep pocket,
He pulled out Shamakhi's whip,
And seven silks and Shamakhi's,
The cloak began to whip, yes it is between the ears,
Between the ears, yes it is between the legs,
And between the legs and between the back,
Burku himself says yes:
"Oh, you, burushko, yes nun jump,
And shake off the zmeenyshev from your feet!
He began to jump his burushka,
And shake off the Zmeenyshev from his feet.
He trampled down all the little snakes,
He rescued a full and Russian.
And it turns out here the snake was damned
Yes, from that there was a cave from a snake,
And here Dobrynya herself will say:
“Oh, dear Dobrynushka Nikitinich!
You broke your great commandment,
You came nun to Mount Sorochinskaya
And trample on my little serpents.
Dobrynushka Nikitinich says here:
“Oh, you damned snake!
Li nun broke my commandment,
Ali you, damned snake, destroyed?
Why did you fly through Kyiv city,
Did Potyatichna's daughter take Zabava away from us?
You give me Zabava Potyatichna's daughter
Without a fight, without a fight of bloodshed.
She did not give without a fight, without a fight of bloodshed,
She started a great fight,
Yes, there is a lot of bloodshed with Dobrynya.
Dobrynya fought here with a snake for three days,
And he can not beat the damned snake.
Finally, Dobrynushka wanted to leave,
- From the heavens here Dobrynushka and the voice says:
“Oh, you, young Dobrynya son Nikitinich!
You fought with a snake for three days,
And fight with a snake and for three more hours.
Then he fought, Dobrynya, for another three hours,
And he beat the snake, yes he is cursed,
She let her snake blood
From the east she bleeds down to the west,
And do not burn mother, but here the earth is damp
This blood and snake.
And Dobrynya stands here in the blood for three days,
Dobrynya is sitting on a horse - she will shrink,
Dobrynya wants to drive away here.
From beyond the heavens Dobrynya again the voice says:
“Hey you, young Dobrynya son Nikitinich!
Hit you with a spear and Burzametsky
Yes, in the same mother damp earth,
Sentence to the earth yourself!
He began to beat the earth into the damp,
Himself to the earth yes to sentence:
“Part your way, mother earth cheese,
Four on all sides
You burn this blood and all the snake's!”
Mother earth parted
For all four yes on the side,
She ate the snake's blood into herself.
Dobrynushka descends from the good horse
And he went through the caves along the snakes,
From you and from the cave from the snake
He began to bring out and he was full of Russian.
He brought out many princes, princes,
Many kings and royals
He is a lot of girls and queens,
Many nun maidens and princely ones
And from that there was a cave from a snake,
But he can’t find Fun, Potyatichnaya’s daughter.
He went through many caves of snakes,
And he enters the last cave,
He found Zabava Potyatichna's daughter there.
In that last cave in the snake,
And he brings Zabava daughter Potyatichna
And from that there was a snake cave,
Yes, he brings Fun to the white light.
He speaks to kings and queens,
He says to the princes yes he is to the princes,
And to the royal girls,
And to the girls he is da nun princely:
"Who are you from where are you gone,
Everyone step in your direction
And get everything together in your places,
And do not touch you, the more accursed snake.
And the snake was killed and that damned one,
And it is skipped and the blood is snake,
From the east, blood and down to the west,
Will not carry away nun more full and Russian
And the Christian people
And the snake was killed and at Dobrynushka,
And the life of the snake nunchu is finished.
And here Dobrynya sat on a good horse,
He took Fun daughter Potyatichna,
And he planted Fun on the right stegno,
And then Dobrynya drove across the open field.
Zabava's daughter Potyatichna will speak:
"For yours it was great for the length of service
I would call you nun father,
And to call you, Dobrynya, nunchu is not possible!
For your great service
I would call nun brother and darling,
And to call you, Dobrynya, nunchu is not possible!
For your great service
I would now call my friend and beloved,
You, Dobrynushka, will not fall in love with us!
Dobrynya son Nikitinich says here
Young Zabava's daughter Potyatichnaya:
“Oh, you, young Zabava Potyatichna’s daughter!
You are the nunchu of the princely family,
I am a kind of Christian:
We can't be called a friend or a lover."

Dobrynya and the Serpent

Mother Dobrynushka used to say,

Mother Nikitich punished:

Do not help out the full Russian there,

Do not bathe in mother Puchay-river;

That river is savage,

Sviripaya river, angry:

Because of another trickle, a spark pours,

Because of the third trickle, the smoke pours in a pillar,

Smoke pours down like a column and with a flame itself.

Young Dobrynya son Nikitinich

He did not listen, yes, mother's parents are here,

Honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna,

He went to the Sorochinskaya mountain,

He trampled here little snakes,

Rescued here full of Russian.

Here, yes, Dobrynya swam in the Puchay River,

Dobrynya himself said here:

“Mother Dobrynushka used to say,

Native Nikitich punished:

You don’t go to Sorochinskaya mountain,

Do not trample on there you are small snakes,

Do not swim, Dobrynya, in the Puchai River;

That river is savage,

A fierce river, even an angry one:

Because of the first trickle, it cuts like fire,

Because of another stream, a spark pours,

This mother Puchay river

Like a raindrop."

Dobrynya didn’t have time to say a word right there, -

Because of the first trickle, it cuts like fire,

From behind another stream, a spark pours.

Because of the third trickle, the smoke pours in a pillar,

Smoke pours down like a column and with a flame.

It turns out that the snake was cursed,

About twelve snakes were about trunks:

I want - I'll take Dobrynya in the trunk,

If I want to, I’ll take Dobrynushka to the full.”

Dobrynya son Nikitinich will speak:

“Oh, you, the snake was cursed!

And nunchu Dobrynya is not in your hands.”

Dobrynushka will dive here at the shore,

Dobrynushka emerged on another.

Dobrynya has no good horse,

Dobrynya has no sharp spear,

There is nothing for Dobrynushka to get better.

Dobrynya himself will shrink here,

Dobrynya himself will say:

“It can be seen that Dobrynushka has no end!”

There lies a cap and Greek land,

And the cap will weigh three pounds.

He hit the snake was on the trunks,

Repulsed the snakes twelve of the same trunks,

Lost on a snake, yes he is with his knees,

He grabbed a knife and a dagger,

The snake prayed to him here:

“Oh, dear Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich!

Be you, Dobrynushka, yes big brother,

I am your little sister.

Let us make the great commandment:

You-ka-va do not go now to the Sorochinskaya mountain,

Don't trample the little snakes here,

And I will be your sister, let me be smaller, -

I can’t fly to holy Russia,

And do not take more full and Russian,

Do not wear to me the people of the Christian.

He weakened the knees and the heroes.

The snake was so crafty here, -

From under the knees, yes, then the snake curled up,

Here the snake flew away and into the feather-grass.

And young Dobrynya son Nikitinich

He went to the city to Kyiv,

To the affectionate prince, to Vladimir,

To my mother here to my parents,

To the honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna.

And Dobrynya himself boasted:

“As Dobrynya does not have a good horse,

As Dobrynya does not have a sharp spear,

There is no one to ride now Dobrynya in an open field.

“Like the sun is coming to us in the evening,

An honorable feast is drunk with us,

And I-ka-va, Vladimir, is not fun:

One of my favorite niece

And young Zabava is Potyatichna's daughter;

A cursed snake flew here,

The snake flew through Kyiv-grad;

Went Nun Zabava Potyatichna's daughter

She is with mothers and nannies

Walk in the green garden

The snake fell here was damned

To that mother and to the damp earth,

The daughter of Potyatichna grabbed Fun here,

In the green garden I give walking,

In their own it was in the trunk of a snake,

She took it to the snake cave.

Two mighty Russian heroes are sitting here, -

Alyoshenka Levontievich is sitting here,

Vladimir Stolnekievsky will speak:

“You are Russian mighty heroes,

Oh, you, Aleshenka Levontievich!

Can you get Zabava daughter Potyatichna from us

From that cave was from the snake?

Aleshenka Levontievich will speak:

“Oh, you, the sun, Vladimir Stolnekievsky!

I heard from Dobrynushka Nikitich:

The cursed snake will give back here

Young Dobrynushka Nikitich

Without a fight, without a fight, bloodshed

Immediately nun Fun daughter Potyatichnu.

Vladimir Stolnekievsky will speak:

“Oh, dear Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich!

You get nun Fun daughter Potyatichna

Yes, from that cave there was a snake.

You won’t get Fun, daughter of Potyatichnaya,

Dobrynya hung his wild head here,

He drowned his clear eyes

And whether in that brick bridge,

Dobrynya does not answer him anything.

Here Dobrynya stands on frisky feet,

Gives him great respect

He nun for fun feasting.

And he went to his parents, to his mother

And to the honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna.

Here he is being met and his parent-mother,

Dobrynya herself will say here:

“What are you, horny, not fun,

Violent head, horny, hanged?

Oh, you young Dobrynya son Nikitinich!

Ali drinker - were you out of your mind?

Did that fool laugh at you,

Dobrynya son Nikitinich spoke here,

He told his parents here to mother,

And the honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna:

“And honest widow Ofimya Alexandrovna!

Yes, you were in my mind,

And the drink - you were to me but the mind,

They didn’t bring me a spell there,

And that fool did not laugh at me,

And let the drunkard not call me names;

And he threw a great service on us

The sun Vladimir Stolnekievsky, -

And it was Fun to get the daughter of Potyatichna

And from that there was a cave of snakes.

And nun, Dobrynya has no good horse,

And nun, Dobrynya does not have a sharp spear,

I have nothing to go to Sorochinskaya mountain,

To that there were snakes now to the damned.

Mother told him here,

And the widow Ofimya Alexandrovna is honest:

“And now you are a child of mine,

Young Dobrynushka Nikitinich!

Pray to God and go to sleep

If the morning is wiser than the evening,

The day will be profitable for us there.

You go to the stable to the standing one,

You take the horse from the stable standing, -

Batiushkov’s horse is worth yes grandfathers,

And it stands burko fifteen years,

Up to the knees in the ground, the legs are grown,

The door to the waist in the ground is overgrown.

Dobrynya son Nikitinich comes here

But to that stable standing,

He pulled the door out of the nazmu,

The horse's legs are pulled out of the nazmu and out.

And here Dobrynushka Nikitinich takes it,

Beret Dobrynushka good horse

On the same bridle and on a braided one,

Leads out of the stable standing,

He fed the horse with beloyarovaya millet,

He gave drink to honey.

Dobrynya lay down here on a great oder.

He gets up early in the morning,

He washes and white,

Equipped yes well,

And saddle his yes he is a good horse,

And on sweatshirts he puts felts,

And on the felts there is a Cherkal saddle,

And here Dobrynya sat on a good horse.

The parent of his mother escorts here,

And the widow Ofimya Alexandrovna is honest,

On the train, nonh gave him a whip,

Served here a Shamakhi whip,

And seven silks were different,

And she was punishing Dobrynushka:

“Oh, dear Dobrynya, son of Nikitinich!

Here's a Shamakhi whip for you:

You will go to the Sorochinskaya mountain,

You will trample on little snakes,

To help out here is full of Russian,

Yes, your own burushka will not jump,

And shake away the Zmeenyshev from his feet, -

You are a burqa da nun between the ears,

You are between the ears of the dude, but you are between the legs,

You are between the legs and between the back,

Say the burqa yourself:

"Burushko you, horse, jump,

Here she said goodbye and returned.

We saw Dobrynushka here and sitting down,

But you didn’t see a remote ride here.

Do not go by paths, not by gates,

A policeman went through that wall,

Through thuja there was a corner tower,

He is on that mountain Sorochinskaya.

He began to trample and little snakes,

Rescue and full of non Russian.

The serpents burka and brushes have sharpened here,

But he didn’t start jumping his burushka,

On the horses here Dobrynya will shrink, -

Nunechka Dobrynushka ending!

He remembered the order, yes it was mother's,

He thrust his hand into a deep pocket,

He pulled out Shamakhi's whip,

And seven silks and Shamakhi's,

The cloak began to whip, yes it is between the ears,

Burku himself says yes:

"Oh, you, burushko, yes nun jump,

And shake off the zmeenyshev from your feet!

He began to jump his burushka,

And shake off the Zmeenyshev from his feet.

He trampled down all the little snakes,

He rescued a full and Russian.

And it turns out here the snake was damned

Yes, from that there was a cave from a snake,

And here Dobrynya herself will say:

“Oh, dear Dobrynushka Nikitinich!

You broke your great commandment,

You came nun to Mount Sorochinskaya

And trample on my little serpents.

Dobrynushka Nikitinich says here:

“Oh, you damned snake!

Li nun broke my commandment,

Ali you, damned snake, destroyed?

Why did you fly through Kyiv-grad,

Did Potyatichna's daughter take Zabava away from us?

You give me Fun daughter Potyatichna

Without a fight, without a fight, bloodshed.

Yes, there is a lot of bloodshed with Dobrynya.

Dobrynya fought here with a snake for three days,

And he can not beat the damned snake.

Finally, Dobrynushka wanted to leave, -

From the heavens here Dobrynushka and the voice says:

“Oh, you, young Dobrynya son Nikitinich!

You fought with a snake for three days,

And fight with the snake and for three more hours.

Then he fought, Dobrynya, for another three hours,

And he beat the snake, yes he is cursed,

She let her snake blood

From the east she bleeds down to the west,

This blood and snake.

And Dobrynya stands here in the blood for three days,

Dobrynya wants to drive away here.

From behind the heavens Dobrynya again the voice says:

“Hey you, young Dobrynya son Nikitinich!

Hit you with a spear and Burzametsky

Yes, in the same mother damp earth,

Sentence to the earth yourself!

He began to beat the earth into the damp,

Himself to the earth yes to sentence:

“Part aside, you mother cheese earth,

Four on all sides

You burn this blood and all the snake's!

Mother earth parted

For all four yes on the side,

She ate the snake's blood into herself.

Dobrynushka descends from the good horse

And he went through the caves along the snakes,

From you and from the cave from the snake

He began to bring out and he was full of Russian.

He brought out many princes, princes,

Many kings and royals

He is a lot of girls and queens,

Many nun maidens and princely ones

And from that there was a cave from a snake, -

But he can’t find Zabava Potyatichnaya’s daughter

He went through many caves of snakes,

And he enters the last cave,

He found Zabava Potyatichna's daughter there.

In that last cave in the snake,

And he brings Zabava daughter Potyatichna

And from that there was a snake cave,

Yes, he brings Fun to the white light.

He speaks to kings and queens,

He says to the princes yes he is to the princes,

And to the royal girls,

And to the girls he is da nun princely:

Everyone step in your direction

And get everything together in your places,

And the snake was killed and that damned one,

And it is skipped and the blood is snake,

From the east, blood and down to the west,

Will not carry away nun more full and Russian

And the Christian people

And the snake was killed and at Dobrynushka,

And the life of the snake nunchu is finished.

And here Dobrynya sat on a good horse,

He took Fun daughter Potyatichna,

And then Dobrynya drove across the open field.

Zabava's daughter Potyatichna will speak:

"For yours it was great for the length of service

It happened to the young hero, Dobrynya Nikitich, on a hot day near the Puchay River in the field for a walk. And not far from there, on Mount Sorochinskaya, lived a fierce, greedy snake. She hated the Serpent Dobrynya because more than once the hero of her poisonous snakes trampled, more than once saved the Russian people from the captivity of the snake, whom the Serpent dragged to her mountain in a cave. Many times mother persuaded Dobrynya:

Beware, child, Puff the river, do not bathe in it. A snake will fly at you, how will you cope with it unarmed?
Dobrynya remembered mother's orders. Yes, it was very hot that day for the hero in the field. He threw off his dress and jumped into the water.
And the snake is right there. She rose above the river, hovering over Dobrynya, ready to throw herself at him. Mocks:
- I want - I'll eat Dobrynya whole! I want to - I'll take Dobrynya in trunks! If I want to, I'll take Dobrynya prisoner!

But Dobrynya was not afraid of the Snake: he managed to deftly jump out onto the shore. He grabbed his cap, three pounds in weight, but how enough for the Snake on the head! Instantly knocked off her poisonous trunks. He rushed to his dress, grabbed a damask knife. Frightened, the fierce snake howled:
- Do not beat, do not destroy me, Dobrynushka! I will no longer fly to Russia, take Russian people into captivity! Let's make up! And you do not touch my cubs in the future.
Dobrynya believed her. Agreed. Released the snake. Instantly disappeared, a fierce snake flew away. And Dobrynya went home.
He comes home, and Kyiv-grad is sad.
- What kind of grief happened? Dobrynya asks.
The people of Kyiv answer him:
- One was with Prince Vladimir's beloved niece, Zabava's daughter Putyatichna. She went for a walk in the green garden. A cursed snake flew over Kyiv here. She picked it up, took the princess to her snake cave!

Dobrynya goes to Vladimir, and there the heroes are sitting in the upper room, thinking about how to free Zabava Putyatichna? Who to send? Everyone nods at Dobrynya: he, they say, will cope with such a thing best of all.

Dobrynushka sat on his good horse. His mother gave him a silk whip in his hands:
- As soon as you arrive, child, on Mount Sorochinskaya, whip the horse stronger so that he firmly tramples the evil serpents.
Dobrynya rushed to the snake's cave. I arrived at the cave. Here he began to whip the horse with a whip. The horse began to stomp the serpents with its hooves. And from the cave towards Dobrynya a fierce, ferocious snake flies out.
- What are you doing, Dobrynya? Didn't you promise not to trample more of my serpents?

Dobrynushka answered her:

Didn't you promise not to carry Russian people with you? Why did she kidnap Zabava Putyatichna? I won't give it to you!
And then a fierce battle began at Dobrynya with the Snake. They fought for three days and three more hours. The Snake could not bear it, she died. Dobrynushka finished her off.

He ran into the snake's cave, began to bring the captives out into the light.

Come out, - shouts, - Russian people! Killed by the Serpent Dobrynya!

He is looking for Zabava Putyatichna among the captives, but he cannot find it. I found a hidden one in the very last cave.
He sat down on his good horse, he put the princess in front of him. And he took her to Kyiv to her uncle, Prince Vladimir.

Prince Vladimir came out onto the high porch, met Dobrynya with a bow, with great gratitude:
Thank you, Dobrynushka, - you alone of all the heroes have served us such an important service!

And he rewarded Dobrynya with a golden treasury, a festive dress.

Dobrynya Nikitich is one of the most famous Russian heroes. Colleague of Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich, their faithful comrade and fighting friend. The epics describe their joint exploits, as well as the amazing qualities of the hero himself. In addition to the fact that Dobrynya had remarkable strength, he was also famous for his ingenuity, tactics, and brilliant mind. His diplomatic skills perfectly complemented the excellent physical strength, dexterity, heroic physique.

The surviving epics say that Dobrynya served at the court of Prince Vladimir, was his faithful subject, carried out the most dangerous and difficult assignments. Hero's wife - daughter famous hero, Mikula Selyaninovich. Her name was Nastasya.

The image of a hero - an epic hero

(V. Vasnetsov "Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych" 1918)

The basis for creating an epic image is a real man- Governor Dobrynya. He is the uncle of Prince Vladimir, his mother's brother. Epic patronymic "Nikitich" - in honor of the Ryazan commander Nikita. Such a combined image had a resemblance to real characters, and was also supplemented by the most positive qualities, which testifies to the people's love for the hero.

If we take into account those stories in which the character is even casually mentioned, there are more than 50 of them. Epics, which describe the image and exploits of Dobrynya Nikitich, as the central figure - 8. They describe his fights with Ilya Muromets, Danube Ivanovich, the fight with a snake. Epics about Dobryn Nikitich also tell us about Alyosha Popovich, Vasily Kazimirovich, Nastya, and the search for a bride for the prince.

Feats and heroism of the Russian hero

(Illustration - Dobrynya Nikitich defeats Zmey Gorynych)

Historical events are reflected in epics along with artistic framing, easy to understand. Real story about the search for a wife for the prince - Rogneda, formed the basis of the corresponding epic. The plot of the fight against a snake in the district of Novgorod is also mentioned in the annals. Thanks to these exploits, Dobrynya for a long time was called the “Serpent Fighter”, “matchmaker”. The epic “Dobrynya Nikitich and Marina” describes his struggle with the famous sorceress, whose magic was known throughout Russia. His struggle with various cults and paganism is also manifested in the epic, where the hero is baptized by a whole village of Novgorodians.

Dobrynya Nikitich had a subtle mind, which helped him to conduct military operations especially skillfully, without resorting to a large number victims - he always knew how to pick up the right words, negotiated. The skills and knowledge of a real governor are also displayed in the character of the hero of epics. In particular, it is mentioned that Dobrynya knew 12 different languages, and also spoke “like a bird”.

The exploits that frightened the rest, for Dobrynya Nikitich and his comrades, turned out to be simple, could not frighten them. Together they were invincible, their military qualities complemented each other. As a true warrior, whose fearlessness is an example for generations, Dobrynya died in a fair fight. His death overtook him near the Kalka River, near which he was buried. The mound, named after Dobrynya, was poured on his grave with honors.

For the Russian people, Dobrynya Nikitich is a model of courage and bravery. His exploits are an example of love for his land and compatriots.