Diplomatic ability. diplomacy diplomatic

For many, the profession of a diplomat is associated with romance and various dangers, with the ability to defend the position of their country on the world stage. However, not everyone can call themselves a diplomat. It takes a lot of effort to get even the lowest rank. It is necessary not only to have certain knowledge, but also a pedigree check is underway. If the candidate had relatives with a criminal past, then the road to the political arena will be closed.

Who can become a Russian diplomat

There are different requirements for diplomatic staff. AT this case we are talking not about personal abilities, but specifically about understanding the essence of the profession. To enter the civil service to represent the interests of the country on the world stage, you need:

1. Understand the goals and objectives of the country's foreign policy and possible tools for their implementation.
2. Have a strategic and tactical vision.
3. Be fluent and concise in speech mother tongue and at least two foreign languages.
4. Possess all the necessary technical skills to receive, process and transmit information in all possible ways.
5. Be resourceful and stress resistant.
6. Be able to correctly distribute your priorities and plan your working day.
7. Be able to easily find a common language with other people.
8. Perfectly know the international rules of protocol and etiquette.
9. Have an excellent memory.

These are the basic requirements for a candidate. Some experts argue that diplomacy is legal espionage. Indeed, it is possible to extract information from all legal means about the host country for its analysis and transfer to Moscow.

Diplomacy Training

Today there are quite a few educational institutions who train in the specialty "diplomacy". It is recommended to take the course to save time and money. Here students learn what diplomacy is, get acquainted with the basics of geopolitics, national security, customs and international law. All this and other knowledge will be needed by future diplomats in their profession. You also need to be fluent in at least 2 languages, where one of them will be English. Knowledge of a rare language will be a big advantage, as this will increase the candidate's chances of getting a job at the Russian Foreign Ministry.

The most rare languages ​​today include Farsi, Hebrew, some African and Asian languages. Few specialists are ready to teach such languages, since the scope of their application is very narrow. The best way to solve this problem is to plunge into the language environment. As regards the study of such popular languages like French, Italian, Spanish, Chinese or Japanese, then the competition will be much higher. You need to show yourself better side to get a job at the Foreign Ministry.

After completing studies at a university in your city, you will definitely need to study additionally for 2 years at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. It’s great if you studied at MGIMO before that. They teach practical skills directly. By the way, in this institution you can learn many rare languages ​​taught by acting diplomats and native speakers. Tuition fees vary. But passing a course of study does not guarantee a place in the apparatus of the Russian Foreign Ministry.

The Best Place to Learn Diplomacy — MGIMO

What you need to know about the profession

It is possible to serve the motherland under diplomatic banners only for those who have Russian citizenship. The time when foreigners represented Russia on the world stage is over. Before entering the public service, you will need to do the following:

1. Men need to serve in the ranks of the Russian army.
2. Fill out the application form for the position of a diplomatic worker.
3. Pass a protocol and etiquette test.
4. Pass a foreign language proficiency test.

It should be understood that after employment, no one will immediately send you to another country. First, you will need to work for several years in Russia in central office or representative office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation in various cities of Russia. During this time, specialists learn to write certificates, information, reports, learn the basics of etiquette and protocol by experience, and also understand what their work consists of in the future.

Diplomatic ranks

There are various diplomatic ranks that are assigned by the President of the Russian Federation. At the suggestion of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Today it is Sergey Lavrov. It is he who, in his report to the President, submits a list of candidates for promotion. At the same time, in order to increase, you must successfully pass an internal exam. Here are the ranks present today:

Rank	Position and responsibilities
Press officer	Referent or senior referent, does paperwork and sends endorsed information to the center
3rd grade secretary	3 secretary, may be deputy secretary of 1 and 2 classes
Secretary 2 class	Consul and Vice-Consul who perform the duties listed in the Geneva Convention on Consuls
1st class secretary	Head of a territorial subdivision or consul
Class 2 advisor	May be an assistant to the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs or other high-ranking persons in the central office
Advisor 1st class	Assistant to the First Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or Head of Department of the Ministry
Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 2nd Class	Consul General in other countries or Minister-Counselor of the state. May also work as an adviser to the minister
Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 1st Class	The position of the director of the department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the head of the diplomatic mission in another country
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary	Position of minister, deputy minister, ambassador-at-large, permanent representative of the state in international organizations

Promotion to the next rank is possible in 3-5 years after passing public service. If the exam is passed successfully, then there is the possibility of obtaining a higher position. However, they can be sent on a business trip even in the rank of attaché, where a specialist will have to act as an assistant.

When you are declared persona non grata

Persona non grata is a person undesirable for a certain country. This means that a particular citizen cannot be in a particular country for a number of reasons. Before a diplomatic officer is sent on a business trip, the list must be agreed with the host country. If somehow a person is objectionable to this country, then they are looking for a replacement, and a persona non grata is selected for a business trip to another state. It is because of the practice of this mechanism that employees do not know until the last moment exactly where they will go to work for several years.

It is worth noting that diplomats move to another country with their wives and children. A school is organized on the territory of the embassy or consulate, where the children of employees of the diplomatic corps study.

According to the current international law, foreign country may, without giving reasons, declare any foreign citizen persona non grata. In this case, it is required to leave the foreign country within 24 hours. Otherwise, there may be serious problem towards the two powers. Typical reasons for expelling a diplomat may include:

1. Espionage using illegal methods of work.
2. Insulting the symbols of the host state.
3. Recruitment of citizens of another state to work for a foreign agent.
4. Subversive activities.
5. Forgery of documents or organization of assistance in forgery of documents.
6. Malicious or systematic violation of the laws of the host country.

On a note! It is important to understand that diplomats enjoy immunity. They cannot be arrested even when committing a criminal offence. For the arrest, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the country for which he works.

Benefits of being a diplomat

There are quite a few various benefits despite all the shortcomings of this profession. The disadvantages include the fact that you constantly need to be collected and act strictly in accordance with the protocol and etiquette. If Moscow asks for information, it doesn't matter what time it is in the host country. A certificate, information or other type of report must be on the table of the requested person by a certain moment. Also, you constantly have to go through all kinds of checks and speak and think in a foreign language.

Here are the benefits that diplomats receive, depending on their rank:

1. prestige of the profession.
2. High salaries for middle and highest rank, but quite low for an attaché.
3. Possibility to carry out a large number of time outside the Russian Federation.
4. Having diplomatic immunity.
5. Preferences and benefits in taxation in Russia.
6. The opportunity to occupy high government positions.

All important appointments are made by the president or the minister. In this case, the candidates are advisers. Getting the status of a consul or head of a diplomatic mission is quite possible, but changing a minister or head of a department can be quite problematic.

Moreover, the rules approved once are rarely changed in the central office. That is why promotion is possible only as a result of the promotion of the immediate superior or by virtue of his death. Having a higher diplomatic rank does not guarantee a better seat.

Video - Introduction to the profession of a diplomat

How diplomats collect information

There are many available ways to collect information about the host country. These include:

1. media, where you can find a lot of valuable information. Therefore, a diplomat is obliged to peruse several newspapers every morning in order to obtain food for thought and analyze the data received.
2. Negotiations with other diplomats. They can be a valuable source of information, as one person cannot be in all places at once.
3. Negotiations with citizens of the host country. This is not prohibited, although the host state rarely welcomes this method of collecting information.
4. Internet. There is really a lot of different information about everything.
5. Own observations.

By analyzing all the data, many conclusions can be drawn. The main thing is to understand in which direction to think. This is taught at MGIMO, the Diplomatic Academy and a number of other educational institutions. To become a diplomat, you need to unlearn at the faculties " Global politics», « World economy or Diplomacy. Tuition fees vary by institution. It is important that the diploma was of the state standard.

Diplomacy is the art of saying "good dog"

until you find a suitable cobblestone.

People's Observations

Diplomacy as a quality of personality - the ability to bypass sharp corners to avoid problematic conflict situations, be flexible, but move towards the intended goal in communication or negotiations.

Mr Kissinger! What is "shuttle diplomacy"? - O! This is universal method! Let me explain with an example. You want to use shuttle diplomacy to marry Rockefeller's daughter to a simple guy from a Russian village. - It's impossible! How? - Very simple. I'm going to a Russian village, I find a simple guy there and ask: - Do you want to marry an American? He: "We and our girls are full." Me: “Yes. But she's the daughter of a billionaire." It! It changes things." Then I go to Switzerland for a meeting of the board of the bank. I ask: “Do you want to have a vigorous Siberian peasant as president?” - Fu, - they say in the bank. - And if at the same time he will be Rockefeller's son-in-law? - O! This changes things! I'm going to Rockefeller. I ask: “Do you want to have a Russian peasant as a son-in-law?” He: “In our family, all financiers!” Me: “And he’s just the president of the Swiss Bank!” It! This changes things! Suzy! Come here. Mr. Kissinger found you a fiancé. This is the President of the Swiss Bank!” Susie: "These financiers are all wimps!" Me: “Yes! But this one is a vigorous Siberian man.”

Diplomacy is the ability to achieve your goals with subtle and skillful handling of people. In the arsenal of diplomacy there are many tricks and methods: streamlining, evasiveness of statements, statements, assessments, promises, caution and prudence in the selection of expressions. A diplomatic person realizes his intentions without insulting and humiliating another, politely and correctly, tactfully and delicately, evasively and painlessly for the rest, he deploys the situation in his direction. He has wisdom and a special flexibility based on knowledge of the emotional and intellectual nature of man.

Diplomacy is a sign of a mature, highly developed personality. By constantly developing endurance and self-control, patience and tolerance, expanding your knowledge in the field of psychology and analyzing your own and others' everyday mistakes, diplomacy becomes a master interpersonal communication. She is able to dress the most unpleasant thought in an acceptable form that will not hurt the pride of another and cause minimal upset.

One eastern ruler had a terrible dream, as if all his teeth fell out one by one. AT strong excitement he called the interpreter of dreams to him. He listened to him anxiously and said: - Lord, I must tell you the sad news. You will lose one by one all your loved ones. These words aroused the wrath of the sovereign. He ordered that the unfortunate man be thrown into prison and another interpreter be called, who, after listening to the dream, said: - I am happy to tell you the good news - you will outlive all your relatives. The ruler was delighted and generously rewarded him for this prediction. The courtiers were very surprised. - After all, you told him the same thing as your poor predecessor, so why was he punished, and you were rewarded? they asked. To which the answer followed: - We both interpreted the dream in the same way. But it all depends on not what to say, but how to say it.

In the context of diplomacy Potsdam conference. An interesting episode took place. Writer Nikolai Starikov says: The power of the West is based on the superiority of the British and American fleets. So it was before, so it is now. It is no coincidence that the "democrats" who came to power in the USSR quickly began to saw the fleet. And sawing in literally– sawing newest ships, destroying the latest submarines. A series of Soviet aircraft carriers, which were preparing to launch at the very end Soviet period. In short, no one except the Anglo-Saxons should have a fleet. Here is the iron rule of their policy. And at the conference the question arose of what to do with the German fleet. It would make sense to share it, right? But then the USSR will receive an increase in its naval power. And now the British Prime Minister Churchill takes the floor. He speaks beautifully and convincingly. The meaning of his speech is this: the German fleet must be sunk. Stalin sits next to him and, smiling, looks at Churchill. With all his appearance, Stalin shows agreement with British Prime Minister. He just doesn't applaud. Churchill diverges even more, even more eloquent - the meaning is still the same. We need to sink the fleet! The speech is over. Stalin takes the floor. And he says that he fully agrees with Sir Winston. German Navy really need to drown. Therefore, the USSR welcomes that Great Britain will do the same with its part of the captured fleet. Well, the Soviet Union would like to get its share of German ships, in order to decide what to do with them later. Silent scene. As a result, Churchill had to give in on this issue as well. It was decided to divide equally between the USSR, England and the USA the entire German surface Navy including ships under construction and repair. German submarines were mostly still flooded - as a kind of compromise. After all, "navigable" England and the United States were most afraid of the submarine fleet.

At the Yalta conference, the question of Poland arose. Reciprocity did not work. Great Britain tried with all its might to extend its influence to Poland. Then Stalin got up from the table, although until now he always (!) At the conference spoke while sitting, and explained the position of the USSR: “Mr. Churchill just said that the question of Poland for the British government is a matter of honor. I understand this. For my part, however, I must say that for the Russians the question of Poland is not only a matter of honor, but also a matter of security. A matter of honor because the Russians had many sins against Poland in the past. The Soviet government seeks to make amends for these sins. A security issue because the most important strategic problems are connected with Poland Soviet state. It's not just that Poland is a border country with us. This, of course, matters, but the essence of the problem is much deeper. Throughout history, Poland has always been a corridor through which the enemy attacked Russia. Suffice it to recall at least the last thirty years: during this period, the Germans passed through Poland twice to attack our country. Why has it been so easy for enemies to pass through Poland so far? First of all, because Poland is weak. Polish corridor cannot be closed mechanically from the outside only by Russian forces. It can only be securely closed from the inside on your own Poland. For this, Poland needs to be strong. That is why the Soviet Union is interested in building a powerful, free and independent Poland. The question of Poland is a matter of life and death for the Soviet state ... ”The longer Stalin spoke, the more tense became the silence behind round table, the gloomier the faces of Roosevelt and Churchill became ...

Diplomacy is not all evasiveness, avoidance and compromise. When necessary, it is a firm, unshakable position. During the war, a very unpleasant story happened to Khrushchev's son. And since Stalin approached everyone, including his children, with one measure, he also did not make an exception for Khrushchev's son. Here is how Vyacheslav Molotov talks about it: - Khrushchev was in his heart an opponent of Stalin. Stalin is everything and everything, but in the soul it’s different. Personal anger pushes him to any steps. Anger at Stalin for the fact that his son got into such a position that he was actually shot. After such anger, he goes to any lengths to sully Stalin's name. - Nikita abandoned his son, right? - Yes ... - His son was like a traitor. It also speaks of him. Good political figure, who even has a son and that ...

Major General M. S. Dokuchaev, Hero Soviet Union, former deputy head of the 9th department of the KGB of the USSR (the famous "nine", engaged in ensuring the security of higher government leaders USSR), told about what happened. This story was cited in his book "Father's Revenge" by N. A. Zenkovich. In early March 1943, Stalin received a call from the front, Lieutenant General Khrushchev, who was then a member of the Military Council Southwestern Front. He asked for a personal meeting. Stalin agreed. O

what Khrushchev was going to say was clear in advance. His son Leonid, in a drunken state, shot the major. According to the laws of wartime, this crime was punishable by execution. At the same time, Khrushchev's son had previously "dabbled" in weapons, and then Stalin went to meet the request of Nikita Sergeevich and the case against Leonid was discontinued. He was given the opportunity to honestly fight for his homeland.

And now he ended up committing murder. Khrushchev practically with tears in his eyes asked Stalin to severely punish his son, but not to shoot him. Iosif Vissarionovich answered as follows: I was informed about what happened to your son. I had no doubt that we would meet and talk about your son. Only out of great respect for you, Comrade Khrushchev, I allowed you to come to Moscow from the front. I would very much like to help you, Nikita Sergeevich, but I am powerless to do so. Once I gave up my conscience, went to meet you and asked the court to pardon your son. But he did not improve and committed another, similar to the first, serious crime. My conscience and the grief of the people who became victims of your son's criminal actions do not allow me to violate the laws for the second time. Under the circumstances, I can't help you. Your son will stand trial in accordance with Soviet law. Major General M. S. Dokuchaev, to whose testimony N. A. Zenkovich refers, claims that Khrushchev fell to his knees, sobbed and begged Stalin to save his son. Stalin called the guards and asked them to help Comrade Khrushchev come to his senses...

Petr Kovalev 2013

Key words: influence, business conversation, diplomacy, gestures, manipulation, facial expressions, communication, negotiations, body movement.

Key words: influence, diplomacy, gesture, manipulation, facial personal contact, negotiations, talks, motion.

This paper examines the psychological aspects of the communicative activity of a diplomat, in particular non-verbal tricks, the most common gestures, Special attention is given to the so-called neuro-linguistic programming, in other words, the basics effective communication between people.

This paper discusses the psychological aspects of communication activities to the diplomat, in particular non-verbal techniques, the most common gestures, special attention is paid to the so-called neuro-linguistic programming, and in other words, the basics of effective communication between people.

In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the word "diplomacy" has the following definition: "The official activities of the heads of state, government and special bodies of foreign relations to achieve the goals and objectives foreign policy states, as well as to protect the interests of the state abroad. Serves the interests of the ruling classes. In the literature, it is often customary to define diplomacy as "the science of foreign relations", as "the art of negotiating".

Quoting Big Legal Dictionary, is "One of the ways to implement the foreign policy of the state." For successful diplomatic activity, it is necessary to know well international relationships and the state of affairs in each country.

“The task of diplomacy is to maintain communication between two sovereign states through negotiations,” writes the famous author of works on diplomacy, Englishman Harold Nicholson, a British diplomat and historian. In 1939 he published Diplomacy, now considered a classic of its kind. Nicholson noted that despite the fact that diplomats communicate using some generally accepted international code(special phrases, expressions and words), however, even they are not immune from the fact that foreign colleagues will misunderstand them.

The role of human communicative activity in modern world it is difficult to overestimate, especially speaking of diplomacy. Speech occupies a special position in the hierarchy mental processes, thanks to which it acts as the main means of communication, an instrument of thinking and is part of human culture.

Communication is a multifaceted process of developing contacts between people, generated by the needs joint activities. Communication includes the exchange of information between its participants, which can be characterized as the communicative side of communication.

The art of communication is an essential skill. To become a master of communication, it is necessary to develop a wide variety of skills: this and oratory, and the ability to manage conflict, and negotiation skills, and adjustment to the interlocutor, possession of facial expressions, voice and gestures.

In the life of a diplomat, the art of communication takes special place. A diplomat must be able to communicate with different segments of the population correctly and competently. The ability to speak a language is one of the main tools of a diplomat.

For a negotiating diplomat, work begins long before he meets his opponent. First of all, it is necessary to study the problem to be discussed. General rule it's simple - the more you know, the better. Even in ancient times, it was believed that a good diplomat should be versatile an educated person. Aristotle in his "Rhetoric" gives a long list of sciences that a future diplomat must master before he dares to show himself in the field of foreign policy. Ancient Greek diplomats had to understand not only current political issues, but at the same time be good at geography, history, economics, military affairs and be good speakers. However, there are exceptions to this rule. When a diplomat is involved in a complex negotiation process for a long time, he sometimes goes into too much detail and loses sight of the perspective.

Negotiation is, in essence, the basis of diplomacy and the ability to negotiate - " aerobatics"in the diplomatic profession. This is far from a simple matter. Diplomatic negotiations have a number of features due to which they differ significantly from, say, negotiations in business and even from domestic political negotiations.

First of all, the diplomat, building his negotiating position, proceeds from the concept of "national interest". This means that his position should be supra-party and not depend on ideological and other interests.

During negotiations, all means of pressure on the enemy are usually used. Participants begin by laying out their initial positions, often including exaggerated demands, and often do so in an ultimatum form. During negotiations between opponents, in order to cause confusion for the opponent, the parties often put forward Additional requirements at moments when all the main parameters of the future agreement, it would seem, have already been agreed upon. Very often, linking of objectively unrelated or weakly related issues is used. Negotiations between rivals are usually accompanied by propaganda campaign in funds mass media designed to put even more pressure on the enemy.

Participation in negotiations of this type is associated with great psychological stress. It is important to refrain from emotional reactions, which the enemy often counts on. It is also important not to reject his proposals out of the blue, but to try to find positive elements in them and rephrase them so that an acceptable wording is obtained. Even in the most tense atmosphere, it is desirable to say "yes" with reservations more often than an unequivocal "no".

Psychological preparation for a business conversation and attitude towards a partner is a very important matter, but not decisive. The result depends on preparedness, but is determined by how the conversation itself will be built. In order not to make obvious mistakes in building a conversation, psychologists suggest using the following basic principles.

1. Rationality. During the conversation, it is necessary to behave with restraint, even if the partner shows emotions. Why? First, uncontrolled emotions always negatively affect the decision. Secondly, there is a psychological rule that says: "The one who is more calm wins the discussion." Calmness and rationality are the best response to a surge of emotions from a partner.

2. Understanding. It is necessary to try to understand the interlocutor. After all, he is trying to explain his position, to bring his opinion to the interlocutor, but due to inattention to his point of view, he cannot achieve the goal. And this causes irritation and threatens mutual misunderstanding of positions. Before influencing the position of a communication partner, you should understand it.

3. Attention. It has been established that during the conversation the level of concentration of attention fluctuates. And this happens even when there are no distractions. Concentration and attention throughout the conversation are not the same. The human psyche is arranged in such a way that in the process of obtaining information, he needs breaks from time to time. At these moments, attention involuntarily dissipates, and the interlocutor seems to “drop out” for several minutes, turn off the conversation. At such moments, you should verbally or non-verbally attract his attention, restore the broken contact. The best way to do this, ask the question: "Are you listening to me?"

4. Reliability. In a conversation, one should not give false information even when the interlocutor does it. Otherwise, a tactical one can turn into a strategic defeat.

5. Delimitation. Establishing a boundary between the interlocutor and the subject of conversation is very important. psychological principle. In the process of communication, we often identify what the partner says with him or even with our attitude towards him. Pleasant information communicated by an unpleasant interlocutor loses half of its attractiveness. Our personal attitude towards a person whom we dislike often makes it difficult to objectively evaluate the information that he communicates. To avoid this, one should pay attention, first of all, to what exactly is reported, and not to what and how it is reported.

As in any other technology, in NLP there is great amount tricks.

1. Rapport. Rapport is a rather fragile form feedback in the process of communication, causing in the interlocutor the feeling that he is understood, that he is liked. In the case of good rapport, the interlocutor develops a sense of trust in the communicator. In diplomatic activity, the ability to correctly create “rapports” can be very useful, since a diplomat, credible, it will turn out to negotiate more successfully than his colleague, who does not inspire confidence.

During the installation of rapport, it is important to be able to adjust. Adjustment happens:

Posture adjustment. When rapport is created, you should first take the same pose as the partner's - "reflect" the partner's pose.

Breathing adjustment. Variants are possible here: adjustment to breathing can be direct and indirect. Direct adjustment - start breathing at the same pace as the partner. Indirect adjustment - coordination with the rhythm of the partner's breathing of some part of his behavior, for example, swinging his hand to the beat of the partner's breathing, or speaking to the beat of his breathing, that is, on his exhalation. Direct tuning is more effective in creating rapport.

Adjustment to movement. It is more complex than the previous types of adjustment, because both posture and breathing are something relatively unchanging and constant, this can be considered and started to be copied gradually. Movement is a relatively fast process, in this regard, the communicator will need, firstly, observation, and secondly, you need to think in advance that the partner could not realize the actions of the communicator.

"Mirror" must be extremely careful and delicate, otherwise it will cause the exact opposite reaction. Adjustment is followed by guiding, when the communicator, by changing his behavior, causes changes in the partner's behavior. The primary lead is also a test of how well the rapport works.

2. Eye access keys. A person is arranged in such a way that at the time when he thinks and speaks, his eyeballs move. Our eyes demonstrate the features of memory and the process of thinking, show how a person accesses the information encoded in our brain. When talking with an interlocutor, you can notice that his eyes are in constant motion.

It is important for a diplomat not only to be able to correctly interpret views, but also to take care of himself, to control himself.

Looking up and to the left: visual memory. These are images of the past stored in visual memory. This includes dreams, constructed images that have already been "seen" before.

Looking up and to the right: constructing visual images. As a rule, here a person constructs images that he has not seen.

Looking horizontally to the left: auditory memory. Memorized sounds (speech sounds, melodies, often phone numbers, memorized verses without focusing on meaning - rhythmic memorization).

Looking horizontally to the right: auditory construction. Usually this is a constructed speech or construction of sounds with a new timbre, rhythm, pitch, etc.

Looking down to the left: internal dialogue. Internal dialogue is a commentary on experience. Internal dialogue can be a tool of rational logical thinking.

Looking down to the right: feelings. At this point, the person can access emotions and kinesthetic experiences. A characteristic posture for people who are depressed: head down, “drooping” look, looking down to the right (or down to the left).

Defocused eyes: the person is in at least two systems. For example, he hears and sees, sees and feels, and perhaps all together. This state is called a light trance with an altered consciousness.

3. Template break. Many of our actions are performed according to a certain program, repeated hundreds and thousands of times without changes: greeting, handshake, smoking. When acquaintances meet and ask, “How are you?”, they are not really interested in the state of affairs - they are simply operating on a program called “greeting”, which provides a formulaic answer: “Okay” to a formulaic question.

You can ask: "How are you?" answer: "Terrible, I'll die soon"; or start talking in detail about your affairs: “Yes, just imagine, yesterday in the metro on Vasileostrovskaya all the legs were trampled, and today I didn’t hear the alarm clock, I overslept, I was late for the lecture. I actually wanted to go to bed early, but it didn’t work out: at first we watched TV with the neighbors, and then I remembered that I still had a lot to do ... ”. Such behavior does not correspond to the generally accepted program and causes confusion in the partner. And this situation of confusion can be used - if the partner's old program of behavior, the old template is broken, it is possible to impose a new program on him.

It's very good and effective reception, but it should be used in diplomatic practice with extreme caution, because. it is necessary to comply with strict diplomatic protocol, the violation of which is fraught with serious consequences not only for the image of a particular diplomat, but also for international relations

These basic aspects of body language will help the diplomat to good impression on those around you.

Face. The face should be lively, more smiles, but in moderation. It is necessary to take care of the teeth in order to be able to sparkle them.

Gestures. Gestures should be expressive, but also in moderation. During gestures, fingers should not be spread out, and hands should be kept below the level of the chin, without crossing arms and legs.

Head movements. You should nod more often, confirming what the interlocutor said, and listening - tilt your head to one side. Keep your chin up.

Eye contact. Eye contact should not cause feelings of embarrassment and discomfort. If a national traditions do not prohibit looking directly into the eyes of the interlocutor, then those who look directly win more trust than those who prefer to look away.

Posture. When listening, you should lean forward. When speaking, stand up straight.

Territory. You should stand at a comfortable distance from the interlocutor. If the interlocutor retreats, you should not approach him.

Mirroring. With the skills of mirroring, you can imperceptibly copy the signals of the language, body movements of the interlocutors.

The psychological and political qualities of a diplomat are manifested in his activity, behavior, work and diplomatic activities. Diplomacy is a professional labor activity and, moreover, a scientific and practical activity. In the same way she is scientific discipline, like physics, mathematics, biology, only its subject is power, the "psychological and practical field of power", no less natural than a gravitational or magnetic field.

The choice of means of influencing the state of people and the application of management methods to them presuppose exclusively high performance for the diplomat himself - the possession of developed self-control, self-regulation, self-government and self-education, knowledge in the field practical psychology.

Choosing between means of influence, a diplomat takes risks, as in no other type of labor activity. Only success, victory releases him from responsibility. In case of defeat, he will either end his career (political death), condemnation or terror (physical death), a ban on the profession (professional death), discredit in the media and historical literature(moral death). The choice of funds is associated with difficult psychological experiences, with extremely difficult decisions.

The main problems that I had to face during the preparation of this work are the lack of a sufficient amount of literature on psychological aspects communicative activity specifically in diplomacy.

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Diplomacy is a great art. More can be achieved through diplomacy than through brute pressure, which does not bring stability. Diplomacy is based on compromise. But, a compromise strong positions. Compromise from a position of weakness will always be a loser, although it happens better than war. A diplomat and categorical decision-making are incompatible concepts. Even when it is necessary to act from a position of strength, a compromise must always be maintained, since the confrontation of either side will not bring any benefit. If the party with whom it is necessary to negotiate is obviously stronger, then the task of the diplomat is to arrange everything in such a way that negotiations can be conducted from strong positions. How to learn all this, what qualities should a diplomat have in order for his activity to be successful? Sometimes, one diplomat, in terms of efficiency, can cost an entire army or a huge increase in the state budget. Let's try to figure it out. Firstly, the psyche of a diplomat must be very balanced, otherwise he will not be able to make informed decisions. But in order for the psyche to be balanced, the diplomat must have an iron will, which, in turn, is based on the steady attention that is the mind. Secondly, he must have a phenomenal memory. Thirdly, he must be able to manage circumstances and always keep the situation under control. Further, he must be able to promote his interest without prejudice to the interests of those with whom he wants to cooperate. Promoting only your interest, in the long run, will give the opposite result. At the same time, he should not allow someone else's interest to advance to the detriment of his own, and he should squeeze the maximum benefit out of his own interest, presenting it in such a way that opposite side satisfied with the agreements. A diplomat must be highly educated and well-rounded developed person. This allows you to think more broadly and does not allow you to get into trouble. A diplomat must be in excellent health, otherwise his activity will be less effective, and he must serve as an example to follow, a standard of decency, a person who could be trusted .... All these are long-known truths, the main thing is how can one develop the qualities described above in oneself? Let's start with the main thing - with the stabilization of the balance. How to reach it? First of all, you need to learn how to sleep. Do not rush to blame the dream and say that a diplomat must work as hard as possible in order for his activity to be effective. The activity of a well-rested and well-rested person can be effective. In a person running, in a hurry, the psyche becomes unbalanced, and therefore, he will not be able to make informed decisions. This does not mean that you need to sleep soundly - normal sleep does not exceed eight hours, you just cannot create a sleep deficit, otherwise the quality will suffer, which is the most important thing for a diplomat. The second point is the development of sustainable attention, which allows you to penetrate into the essence of things and phenomena and not lose, at the same time, connection with the whole and control the situation. The more stable the attention, the wider the coverage and the deeper the insight (there are many articles on the site that describe the mechanics). At times, memory increases, moreover, not conservative, without fixations. Information becomes neutral and can be memorized in any volume and shuffled in any combination. Moreover, everything will be interconnected and at the same time, it is possible to carry out many different in importance mental operations. For example, a diplomat will be able to simultaneously view the political climate in the country, its financial and military power, communication with other countries, opportunities, risks, etc., and at the same time, look out for your own benefits and build everything in such a way that the desired is realized the best way, and at the same time, the opposite side was satisfied. Only balanced thinking, which is inherent in the human head by nature, is capable of such flexibility. And the desire for a compromise between opposites is also inherent in man by nature, which is clearly visible in dreams. Compromise is the ideal solution to any problem. If a person is not restrained and cannot control his emotions, then there is a breakdown in his psyche that needs to be corrected. During sleep, in dreams, the brain, through nightmares, is forced to work out a compromise if a person has gone to extremes in order to find a “golden mean”. For example, a friend turns into an enemy, an enemy into a friend. If you solve all issues only from positions of strength, then in dreams, the brain will turn you into a nonentity so that you experience the humiliation and fear that you subjected to the weaker ones. A balanced person initially avoids such differences, and therefore makes wise decisions. Equilibrium thinking allows you to decide not only current issues, but also look at the long term so that conflicts can be avoided in the future. It makes a person tolerant, tolerant of other people's opinions, but not at the expense of their own interests. As soon as you give up and become too human, they will immediately take advantage of this and inflict damage on you. And it's not that people are bad, you just don't have to be weak yourself. The strong are reckoned with, the weak are wiped off. Balance is the most powerful potential energy, capable of being concentrated to the area of ​​a point. It combines the spiritual and the material, the ego and altruism, and makes it the master of one's desires. The background of balance is always benevolent and creative. It allows you to be strong in this world and at the same time, save human qualities. One must be a diplomat not only in politics, but also in business and Everyday life. A good businessman is a diplomat and will always be one step ahead of his competitors. And not only thanks to the ability to negotiate, but also due to mental capacity, which are many times higher in a balanced person than in a person with an unstable psyche. With balanced thinking, the mind is calm and in control, and the senses are completely liberated, which includes intuition, which is far superior in efficiency logical thinking. Equilibrium thinking allows the senses to retain their originality, which makes a person highly spiritual. Spirituality is beneficial to man. It makes the human psyche balanced, and he realizes himself as a part of the universe, and not the navel of the earth, so he will take care of the environment. Diplomats, this attitude towards environment necessary, otherwise their activity will be devoid of spirituality, which means it will be destructive. A spiritual person will always defend human values, and the corresponding situation will be attracted to him. Balanced thinking makes a person healthy physically and mentally, and he sees the main human values, and does not spray himself over trifles. He is aware of the importance of the family and it is the same in a positive way affect its activities. A balanced person is truthful, and the truth gives additional advantages in solving problems, since it is not necessary to make corrections and adjustments, but the essence is immediately seen. By stabilizing attention (concentration and dispersion are two in one), a person automatically adjusts himself to the correctness of his worldview, and everything else adjusts automatically. In this regard, we must learn from the animal world. For lack of attention, they pay with their lives. January 7, 2014