Iceland what country. The capital of Iceland is the amazing city of Reykjavik

Reykjavik is a small city, many tourists prefer to get around on foot. If, nevertheless, there is a need to travel, then buses are perfect for this purpose. It is worth remembering that the driver, accepting payment for the fare, legally does not give change, so do not pay in large bills.

Money

Money exchange is carried out in hotels or banks. The working day of banks is from 9:15 to 16:00, from Monday to Friday.

Reykjavik shops - shopping

What souvenirs are usually brought from Iceland? Products from Icelandic wool - very warm and waterproof, art glass, silver items, handmade ceramics - everything is filled with the special spirit of the ancient Vikings.
Shops are open on weekdays from 9:00 to 18:00, on Saturday - 10:00 - 16:00. Supermarkets are waiting for their customers until 23:00. On weekends, you can easily find shops selling woolen products open.

Cuisine and restaurants

The culinary traditions of Iceland are the famous Icelandic stew, all sorts of variations with lamb, and, of course, seafood - shrimp, scallops, salmon, cod, halibut, shark - all that the sea has been giving people since ancient times. A huge number of various restaurants, with original design and unique cuisine, hospitably welcome their customers.

Clubs and entertainment in Reykjavik

For lovers of walking, carousing and having fun, Friday evening is a welcome time. It is on Friday that the general runtur begins (a trip to the bars). The high price of alcohol (8-10 USD for a pint of beer) does not allow you to drink for a long time and in large quantities, but on the weekend, trips to bars and clubs become global.

For those who prefer an active and healthy holiday, the capital will offer rafting, super-jeep safaris, glacier hikes, kayak tours, mountain biking, salmon and trout fishing. Whale watching in the open sea, bird watching in natural environment habitats, riding real Icelandic horses - all this will bring inexpressible pleasure from communicating with wildlife.
Reykjavik's clubs have become very popular and trendy in recent times and are attracting the youth of Europe. The most famous nightclubs in Reykjavik are NASA and Pravda. The iconic Icelandic music store and club at the same time, 12 Tonar is located in the heart of the city. Many Icelandic "stars", including Björk and Sigur Ross, liked to gather there in their time.

Where is cheaper, or how to save

Experienced tourists are advised to purchase a Reykjavik Card - a kind of "travel card" that, in addition to free travel on buses, gives you the right to visit the city's museums and swim in the pools for free. The cost of this card for 24 hours is 12 EUR, for 48 or 72 hours - respectively 18 and 24 EUR.

Inexpensive accommodation and food, as well as budget prices for goods, should be sought in the eastern part of the city. Among the available entertainment - going to the cinema (films are shown in the language of the manufacturer with Icelandic subtitles), visiting the opera, theater, concert of a symphony orchestra. Extremely popular here are light shows - performances - phantasmagoria about the life of the Vikings, theatrical sagas. Runtoor on the outskirts of the city is not much different from bar trips in the city center. Here you can also find discos and places where live music sounds, small cozy bars, and the same “weekend set” - a lot of different beers and potato schnapps, which received the life-affirming nickname “Black Death” for the black label on the bottle.

For the North Atlantic, for the latitude at which Reykjavik is located, the weather is unusually mild. In winter, the temperature rarely drops below -10 ° C, snow here is a rare occurrence due to the warm currents of the Gulf Stream and Irminger, more often the weather “pleases” with rain, fog and wind. The climate in Reykjavik is subarctic maritime, cool summers, annual rate rainfall 800 mm.

Attractions in Reykjavik and its environs

In general, Iceland and its capital are a unique attraction in themselves. Reykjavik is a small city, it would seem that you can go around it several times in half a day. But it's not! A huge number of interesting and beautiful places will keep you for a long time. Here are some of the most famous sights of the capital and its environs.

Reykjavik City Hall

On the northern shore of Lake Tjornir, in the very center of the city, the City Hall is located. A stunning building made of glass and concrete, in hi-tech style, strict in architecture, but embodying the very spirit of Iceland in some incomprehensible way. The grand opening of the modern building of the City Hall took place on April 14, 1992. Today, the Town Hall building not only houses the entire apparatus of officials, but also found a place for art and photo galleries, on the ground floor there is a Radhuskaffi cafe, an information board, and there is access to the Internet. But the 3D model of the map of Iceland is especially popular.

Hallgrimskirkja

The unique symbol of Reykjavik is the Hallgrimskirkja Cathedral. Its uniqueness is both in the name that is difficult to pronounce and difficult to remember for the symbol (for Iceland, such letter-weaving is quite typical), and in the fact that in a country where 95% of the population are adherents of Catholicism, the church of the Lutheran concession becomes the symbol of the capital. But the main thing is this monumental cathedral - the 4th tallest building in Reykjavik. The cathedral was built in such a way that it can be seen from any part of the city. The church is named after the spiritual leader, the poet Hallgrímur Pétursson, who wrote Passion hymns.

The design of the cathedral was developed in 1937 by Goodjoun Samuelson. But it took more than 38 years to implement it. Construction continued from 1945 to 1986. In 1948, the crypt and choir were rebuilt, the wings and the tower were completed only in 1974. The finale of this monumental process was the consecration of the nave in 1986.
Tourists are attracted not only by the architecture of the cathedral, but also by the interior of the church. Many come specially to listen to the large mechanical organ by the German master Johannes Kleiss. The height of the organ is 15 meters, the weight is 25 tons, and the sound is provided by 5275 pipes of various sizes.

Hallgrimskirkja Cathedral serves as an observation tower, from the observation deck of which offers a beautiful view of the capital and its surroundings. In front of the church there is a gift from the United States of America in honor of the millennium of the Icelandic Parliament - a statue of Leif the Happy (Leif Eriksson) in 1930.

Perlan

A huge unusual flower bloomed on the Oskulid Hill in Reykjavik. This is Perlan - the Pearl of Reykjavik. This building itself is an example of how practicality and ingenuity can turn a banal reservoir of a city's water supply system into a beautiful and stylish building. The petals of this giant chamomile are six hot water tanks, each holding 4 million tons. hot water. The middle of this "flower" is a huge glass dome supported by a steel frame. The height of this structure is 25.7 meters, the volume is 20,000 cubic meters, and the total area is 3,700 square meters.

On the 1000 square meters on the first floor there is a winter garden - a wonderful space for holding various exhibitions, fairs, concerts. This splendor is illuminated thanks to 1176 window panes and 58 outdoor spotlights.
On the fourth floor is located viewpoint with six panoramic telescopes. Right there, under the dome, there is an unusual revolving restaurant. At night, this amazing structure of iron, glass and plastic is illuminated by a thousand lamps, and makes an unforgettable impression. Visitors to Perlan are also interested in the shops located there, and the Saga Museum - a wax museum that tells about the history and culture of Iceland.

Perlan provides heat and hot water to the entire capital, the water in the tanks is heated thermal waters, and in the center of the building, an artificial geyser fountain flies up every few minutes.
There are also a lot of interesting things next to the building: sculptures of modern art, a hot pool, historical monuments - American pillboxes from the Second World War. Nearby is the city's sandy beach.

Peace Tower

An amazing fantastic sight - a huge light column breaks out into the black sky. The reflected light of six spotlights rises from the stone "wishing well" straight into the depths of space. On the walls of this well, the words "Imagine Peace" are carved in 24 languages. On October 9, 2007, on the day of John Lennon's 67th birthday, the grand opening of the "Tower of Peace" took place on the island of Videy. The inspirer of this project is the legendary Yoko Ono - artist, musician, zealous fighter for peace.
The Reykjavik Art Museum, the city of Reykjavik, Reykjavik Energy were directly involved in the creation of the "Tower of Peace". This light extravaganza is provided by the geothermal power company Reykjavik Energy. From weather conditions the brightness and height of the light beam varies.

You can enjoy this unforgettable spectacle from October 9 to December 8 (the day John Lennon died), on Christmas and New Year holidays and a week during winter solstice and the spring equinox, evening time.
Exhibition of geothermal energy at Hellisheydy Power Plant
Having, in literally words, under their feet a huge source of energy, the Icelanders could not help but develop many ways to use this gift of nature. At the Hellishadey Power Plant, you can learn how to use the energy provided by geothermal springs. After an informative tour and multimedia presentation by experienced guides, you can enjoy a cup of coffee brewed according to a special recipe in a cozy local coffee shop. And in the souvenir shop you can buy educational materials on use geothermal energy, books, maps for hiking around the Hengidl volcano, DVDs with a variety of thematic information.

Hellishadee Power Station can be accessed daily from 09:00 to 17:00. It is located 20 minutes drive from the city along the highway number 1 in the direction of Kveragerdi.

Mount Isia

For lovers of mountain tourism, Mount Isia, which is located outside Reykjavik, is of particular interest. Like an ancient giant, it rises above the capital, protecting the city from bad weather and adversity. A fantastic panorama opens from its top - Reykjavik is visible at a glance. The routes are designed in such a way that even a poorly trained person can easily overcome 914 meters of this mountain without much difficulty.
However, the path itself to the foot of the mountain in Kjalarnes (Kjalarnes) may seem difficult and confusing for an unprepared person. First, you need to take bus number 15 at the Hlemmur stop to the Haholt stop in the city of Mosfelsbaer. There, transfer to bus number 27, and get to the very foot of Mount Isia. And don't forget! The elves are waiting for you to sign the guest book on the top of the mountain, otherwise they may be offended.

Hyovdi

In the north of Reykjavik, there is an old house built in 1909, where the French consul originally lived. Then for a long time this house was the home of the famous Icelandic poet Einar Benediktsson. however, this house gained real fame after the "Iceland Summit", which was attended by Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986.
Since 1958, Hövdi has been owned by the municipality and has been used as a guest house for visiting officials in Iceland.

Kharpa Concert Complex

In the old port, between the city center and the North Atlantic, on the border of sea and land, the Harpa concert complex was erected. The design of this building was influenced by the nature of Iceland. The glass facade of the Kharpa Concert Complex resembles a huge crystal that has shot up into the sky. Its thousand facets reflect Sun rays, and man-made northern lights flash over the building. And the built-in light plates allow you to create unique light landscapes. The architects of the Henning Larsen Architects bureau, and, in particular, the artist Olafur Eliasson, the architects Henning Larsen and Batherif, worked on the creation of the project for this building. The international construction consultant is Jasper Perrot and the artistic consultant is Vladimir Ashkenazy.
The Harp Concert Hall has 4 halls, the largest of them is designed for 1800 seats. Smaller halls are located almost throughout the building, there is also an exhibition area. The concert hall and conference center are equipped with the most modern technology and equipment, and the accompanying service is set up at the highest level. Thanks to the separation and autonomous placement of the halls, the center is ideal for large-scale events.

Bessastadir

Not far from the capital, in Alftanes is the residence of the President of Iceland - Bessastadir. Since 1241, Bessastadir has been alternately the residence of the Norwegian military, then the palace of representatives of the Danish king. At the end of the 18th century, the residence was adapted for the only one in Iceland high school, and subsequently a farm was located there. Since 1944, Bessastadir has become the residence of the Icelandic presidents. The estate is named after Sigurd Johansson Bessastadir, who bought it in 1940 and donated it to the Republic of Iceland in 1941.

viking ship

Reykjavik is a city located directly by the sea. Its coastline is equipped for walking and cycling, and just to enjoy the sea air and sea views. Immediately, on the coast, there is a massive steel sculpture of John Gunnar Arnason "Sun Voyager", reminiscent of a Viking ship.
The sculpture is so unusual that when you stand next to it, illuminated by the setting sun, you feel the whole depth of centuries and feel your involvement in ancient history Vikings.

Laugardalur

The main center of recreation and sports in the capital is Laugardalur. A youth hostel is located there, there is a tent camp and the largest thermal pool in Reykjavik under open sky. Fans of extreme experiences should definitely experience for themselves - what it's like to walk on frozen ground and plunge into warm water!
The decoration of Laugardalur is the Botanical Garden, in which a cozy cafe "Flora" is hidden under the canopy of trees.
The family zoo is open all year round. It is home to both wild and domestic animals. In summer, visitors are offered various entertainments, games, horseback riding.
The main stadium of the capital is also located in the Laugardalur valley, used mainly in summer time. It also houses the Laugardalshol arena, an open-air stage created in 1965.

Videy Island

Videy Island is only a few minutes away from the city by boat. This is a unique place that combines historical and cultural significance with insanely beautiful nature. Archaeological excavations made it possible to find out that already in the 10th century the island was inhabited. From 1225 to 1539, the monastery of Augustine was located on the island, in the Middle Ages it was a center of pilgrimage.

The first stone-and-cement building in Iceland in 1755 is the Vydeijarstofa House, which is now a restaurant. The second building that has survived to our times is the church, consecrated in 1774. The island of Videy hosted the first Icelandic treasurer, as well as the first residence of the governor Skuli Magnusson. At the beginning of the last century, the first ocean port was built on the east coast of the island, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of small island villages. In 1943, the last inhabitants left the island, while its own port was built in Reykjavik.

Today the island of Videy is a tourist area with many alleys, paths, bike paths. Bicycles can be rented on site, and there is a playground for children. The famous "Tower of Peace" is located on the island of Videy. The island is also famous for the fact that this is a unique nesting place for about 30 species of birds. Ornithologists come here to observe birds in their natural habitat.

Iceland is a small island nation located in the North Atlantic Ocean.

The name of the country is translated as "ice country", "country of ice". The territory of Iceland includes the island of Iceland and several small islands located nearby.

Country Features

This state is parliamentary republic, despite its name, does not belong to the Arctic, the climate here is moderately cool. Let's highlight a few typical for Iceland features:

with a population of less than 200,000. This is where the government and parliament are located. The name of the city is translated as a smoky bay, which is associated with constant fogs here. This atmospheric phenomenon is observed due to the warm geysers that surround the city.

The territory of the country is divided as follows:

• Sisla, there are 23 of them (which, in turn, are divided into communes and cities)
• urban districts.

Having got acquainted a little with the state, we will find out where Iceland Wikipedia is located on the world map.

This state is located:

• In the northern hemisphere.
• On the European continent.
• In the northern part of Europe.
• On the island of Iceland.
• In the waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

On the map you can see the location of the country and the island at arctic circle.

The borders are Norway and Greenland, and the northernmost point is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Iceland is washed by the waters of two seas:

• Greenland in the north.
• Norwegian in the east.

It is separated from Greenland by the Gulf of Denmark.

Borders and climate of the country

This is an island nation most of which is located on a single island of the same name, so the map clearly shows that there are no land borders and cannot be. Maritime boundaries are not sufficiently clear, Iceland disputes are between the following states:

• United Kingdom;
• Ireland;
• Denmark.

You can get to this country from Russia by plane: direct flights St. Petersburg - Reykjavik are carried out regularly, but only in the summer. average cost the flight will be 10,500 rubles, the duration of the flight is 3 hours 45 minutes.

In other seasons, it is possible to fly to Denmark, Norway, Scotland, and from there to Iceland by ferry.

The state is located on a volcanic plateau, washed by waters with a warm North Atlantic current, therefore, despite the geographical location, the climate here cannot be called harsh. The average temperature in summer is +10°C, in winter -10°C. However strong winds are inherent in the country.

Attractions in Reykjavik

Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is economic and cultural center, the largest city in the country. It was erected on a tectonic fault, so earthquakes are often observed here.

Note the most interesting sights of the city:

From entertainment to the tourist here they are ready to offer rock climbing, horseback riding, safaris, diving or sports caving.

Iceland occupies a very insignificant place on the map of Europe, but it is here that most of the active volcanoes on the planet are located. Eruptions are not uncommon here: on average, once every five years. There are hot thermal springs and geysers in the country.

The most famous volcano is Hekla, the owner of a cone of surprisingly regular shape. This is a real local attraction. Thousands of tourists come to look into the mouth of the volcano every year.

How to get to Iceland?

To visit the island-state visa required. It could be:

• Tourist visa, which can be issued at the Consulate of the country.
• Multiple entry Finnish visa.

For a visit to Iceland, the following documents should also be prepared:

Most often the country is visited by guests from the USA, Germany and Great Britain.

Many are interested in what language is spoken here? Icelandic is the national language with Old Norse roots. However, due to the fact that the country is separated from the mainland by the waters of the ocean, the language has retained its originality and originality. The national currency is the crown.

Some national traditions and beliefs

In this country-island, the traditions of folklore are strong, many of them are quite modern people retained faith in elves and trolls. Ancient Celtic traditions are still honored.

Of interest is also the celebration of the favorite holiday in the state, the New Year, during which as many as 13 Santa Clauses come to the house of each resident!

Here are some interesting facts about the country:

Iceland is an amazing world where you won’t hit anyone with a volcanic eruption or an earthquake, and the largest cities resemble European villages. Amazing national traditions and beliefs have been preserved here, so visiting the country will become a true journey into a fairy tale.

Reykjavik is the world's northernmost and (literally) hottest capital: natural hot water heats houses and greenhouses year-round, serves production and provides energy. Reykjavik unites opposites: light and darkness, fire and water, natural isolation with developed communications.
In the northern part, near the Arctic Circle, there is the island of Iceland. The island is dominated by a subarctic climate, about 14% of its territory is occupied by glaciers and lakes, and it itself is a volcanic plateau with numerous active volcanoes and the deserted lava fields left behind, with geysers and hot springs. The island is home to the state of the same name, the capital of which is the city of Reykjavik.
Reykjavik in southwest Iceland is in a shear zone tectonic plates- North American and Eurasian. Therefore, small earthquakes in the city are by no means uncommon. Coastline strikes with an abundance of bays and straits, islands and peninsulas. This space was exposed after ice age(10,000 years ago), and volcanoes appeared on the site of the retreating glacier, the remains of which are considered by some of the surrounding hills.
The river Ellida flows through the city - too shallow to be navigable, but optimal for fishing (it is considered one of the best places in the country for salmon fishing). Another natural attraction is Mount Esya: being only ten kilometers from the capital, it is visible in the city from everywhere. Esja circles Reykjavik from the north, as if a stone giant wants to embrace the city with gigantic arms. The mountain is a volcanic plateau formed from standing nearby volcanoes, merged as a result of stratification of layers of lava into single complex. In addition to the mountains and the river, there is a whole ocean nearby: Reykjavik stands on the Atlantic coast, in the Gulf of Fahsafloui.
It was in this place in 874 that one of the Norwegian settlers, the noble Ingolfr Arnarson (IX century), founded a farm - the future Reykjavik. The place for him, according to legend, was supposedly indicated by the gods themselves. Then the settlers, amazed by the geysers, volcanoes and hot springs of the new land, called it Reykjavik, which translates as "smoky bay."
A leap in the development of the country and its main city occurred in the 18th century. thanks to the activities of Skuli Magnusson (1711-1794), who is respectfully called the "father of Reykjavik" for his merits. As a memory of himself, Magnusson left many buildings (including the first brick ones), an improved system of trade, developments for the development of the economy, industry and Agriculture. His most important contribution, perhaps, was the foundation in 1751 of a joint-stock company with a number of diversified manufactories, where they were engaged in spinning, weaving, wool dyeing, leather tanning, production of fishing tackle, processing of fur, salt and sulfur, harvesting of fish, growing vegetables, grains, potatoes and even trees.
In 1786 Reykjavik received city status. Since 1918, it has become the capital of the Kingdom of Iceland, which is under the patronage of Denmark. The country and its capital received their final independence on June 17, 1944, according to
having been under British (since 1940) and American (since 1941) occupation. The airports built during the occupation remained in the city: the internal, built by the British, and the now international airport of Keflavik, built by the Americans.
Reykjavik - The largest city Iceland, and in the “Greater Reykjavik” he formed with the suburbs, more than 60% of the population of the entire country lives. It is rather difficult to draw a clear visual boundary between the city and its suburbs. Reykjavik is a city that combines different styles of architecture. The building of the Althing (Iceland's parliament) is reminiscent of the architecture of classicism, while the national library and theater embody the style of national romanticism, the cultural center gravitates towards the style of functionalism " north house". In general, in the planning of the city, in the abundance of open spaces, one feels breadth and freedom: between houses and entire residential areas they like to leave free place- Icelanders appreciate the beauty of space.
To heat their homes and get electricity, the townspeople use the energy of hot springs, the temperature of water from wells reaches +140°C. Subpolar Reykjavik has its own beach - the Naitholsvik lagoon, the water in which is heated. One of the symbolic buildings of Reykjavik is Perlan ("pearl") - a giant reservoir that supplies boiling water to the entire capital. In addition to performing basic functions, Perlan contains a lot of objects that attract tourists here. It houses a rotating observation deck, a winter garden, an artificial geyser, a Saga Museum with wax figures, shops and restaurants.
Thanks to the efficient use of natural hot water, a greenhouse industry has been developed in the city and its environs, where, in addition to vegetables and fruits, a large number of flowers that adorn the city. So, despite the subarctic maritime climate, it cannot be called cold and inhospitable.
Reykjavik positions itself as a city of literature: here, the traditions of the Icelandic sagas are cherished and studied, and modern literature is actively supported. The City Library offers literary walks that reveal Reykjavik as a city of poets and writers. In 2011, it became the UNESCO Capital of Literature.
At the end of the XX century. Reykjavik has become a representative financial and investment center. The headquarters of the largest banks and companies are based here. Before the economic crisis in 2008, Reykjavik was considered one of the richest cities in the world.
Life in Reykjavik is contrasting and varied. Here they honor the ancient cultural traditions of the Vikings and at the same time support modern trends: same-sex marriages are legal in Iceland, and striptease, at the insistence of feminists, is banned by law as a sign of inequality. The city is home to the oldest Icelandic Symphony Orchestra in the country, classical music concerts are regularly held, and at the same time, the small Icelandic people have given the world an incredibly large number of world-famous musical groups and performers of various modern styles and trends.

general information

Location: southwest of the island, Seltjarnarnes peninsula.

Year of foundation: 874 (first settlement - farm), city status since 1786

Capital: since 1918

Language: Icelandic.

Ethnic composition: predominantly Icelanders (descendants of Norwegians and Celts) - 94%, others (representatives of more than 100 nationalities) - 6%.

Religion: Lutheranism (Church of Iceland) prevails - more than 90%, Catholicism - 2.5%, others - 7.5%.

Currency unit: Icelandic crown.

River: Ellis.
Largest lake: Tjörnin.

The most important airports: Reykjavik-Kefpavik International Airport, Reykjavik Domestic Airport.

Numbers

Area: 274.5 km2.

Population: 119,108 (2011).

Population density: 433.9 people / km 2.

Maximum altitude above sea level: 60 m

Climate and weather

subarctic, maritime.

Winter is mild, with thaws; summer is cool.

January average temperature: 0°C.

July average temperature:+11.2°С.

Average annual rainfall: 841.9 mm per year.
Frequent weather changes. In summer - a polar day, and in winter the light part of the day is only 4 hours. In winter, the water in the Gulf of Fahsaflowi does not freeze. Due to the warm current and the relatively warm Irminger current average temperature winter is comparable to New York.

Economy

Reykjavik is located at the crossroads of transoceanic routes between Europe and North America. A major transit hub for sea and air traffic.

Industry: fish processing, shipbuilding and ship repair (shipyards), port industry, production of fishing equipment (nets, etc.), chemical (soap factories, paint and varnish), textile, food, footwear, wool, printing.
Agriculture: greenhouse vegetable growing, floriculture.

Fishing.
Services sector: transport, financial, information, tourism, trade.

Attractions

■ Museums and galleries: Reykjavik City Museum (1957), Fold Gallery (1990), Reykjavik Archaeological Museum (Museum 871±2), Center for Icelandic Art, National Gallery, Icelandic Phallus Museum (1997, mammal phallus collection), Design Museum and applied arts.
■ Other: Cathedral(1847), Althingi (Icelandic Parliament, 1880-1881), National Theater (1950), Hallgrímskirkja Cathedral (1974), Design Hotel Gallery 101, North House (1986; here the Reykjavik International Film Festival and literary festivals, the Icelandic Air Wave and the Northern Fashion Biennial), the monument to the founder of the city Arnarson (1907), Perlan (1991), Thingvellir National Park, the geothermal town of Hveragerdi are held.

Curious facts

■ The Kaffi Reykjavik bar is built from ice and drinks are served in real ice glasses.
■ The ancient Icelandic tradition of giving children three names still exists today. One of these names is a patronymic, and is also used instead of a family name. For example, last name famous singer and songwriter Björk (Björk; born 1965) - Gudmundsdottir - is actually a patronymic and translates as "Gudmund's daughter".

■ For the abundance of establishments for an active nightlife, the city is called "winter Ibiza". In 2000, Reykjavik received the status of "Cultural Capital of the World", awarded by UNESCO.
■ Hallgrimskirkja Cathedral is named after the poet and preacher Hallgrimur Pétursson (1614-1674).
■ The Archaeological Museum got its unusual name "Museum 871±2" by the date of the eruption of the Torvajokul volcano (approximately 871), the error in determining which is just two years.

■ Thingvellir National Park got its name in honor of the meeting on this site of the first parliament of Iceland (930): Thingvellir in translation means “parliament on the plains”. The border passes through Thingvellir lithospheric plates, so that in this park you can observe how Europe is moving away from America by seven millimeters every year.
■ Reykjavik has an Arctic Botanical Garden(400 species of arctic flora).
■ To the north of Reykjavik flows the widest river with boiling water - Deidartunguver.
■ Hotel 101 is named after the postcode of its address. His design interiors are an exhibition of contemporary art from Iceland.
■ In 1986, the heads of two powers met in Reykjavik to discuss the possibility of reducing nuclear weapons: Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev (b. 1931) and Ronald Reagan (1911-2004).
■ The Reykjavik area in Iceland is commonly referred to as the South. If you go to Reykjavik from the southwest coast, Icelanders will say that this is a trip "south", but in fact the direction will be almost "north". The same incidents in the name of the North, which is in the northeast, and the West, located in the northwest. The confusion arose from the fact that people on the island settled for centuries and traveled mainly along the coastal territories, without mastering the interior of the island.

The capital of mysterious Iceland Reykjavik is located on the Seltjarnarnes peninsula, in the southwestern part of the island. According to most of the Icelandic sagas, the first settlement on the territory of the modern city appeared in 874, when Ingolfur Arnarson (the first settler) founded his Reykjavik farm here. Translated from the Icelandic language, the name of the city means "smoking bay". This place got such an interesting name due to the numerous hot geysers spouting from the ground. Interestingly, these geysers still supply the Icelandic capital with hot water.

Today, Reykjavik is recognized as the northernmost metropolis in the world. The main branch of the city's economy is the processing of fish products. Also in the city there are shipbuilding, machine-building, leather and footwear, textile and food enterprises. It is worth noting that they are all located outside the city limits. Therefore, the air in Reykjavik is unusually clean and fresh. By the way, the Icelandic capital is recognized as one of the cleanest cities on the planet.

Reykjavik is not only the political, economic, but also the cultural center of Iceland. The city is home to the University of Iceland, the Conservatory, the Institute of Meteorology and Volcanology, as well as the National Theatre, the National Gallery of Painting and Sculpture and numerous museums.

Reykjavik is mainly visited by young people who are attracted by the romantic mood of this city.

Region	Hyuvudborgarsvaidid
Population	119,500 people (as of 2012)
Population density	435 people/km2
	Icelandic krone
Timezone
Postal code
International dialing code

Climate and weather

Despite the fact that the capital of Iceland is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, its weather conditions are much milder and warmer than in other regions located at the same latitude. Reykjavik has a subarctic maritime climate. Summer in the city is quite cool. In the warmest month (July), the air warms up to only +12 °C. And in winter, the air temperature very rarely drops to -10 ° C. Interestingly, the water in the city bay does not freeze even in the most severe winters for this area thanks to the warm waters of the Gulf Stream.

Atmospheric precipitation occurs mainly in winter and spring. Reykjavik is characterized by very frequent weather changes. Here, snow sometimes lies in May, and in January you can catch long thaws.

Summer is considered the most favorable time to visit the amazing Reykjavik, since it is during this period of the year that longest duration daylight hours. In winter, the day lasts only a couple of hours, and you simply do not have time to see all the sights of this amazing city that interest you.

Nature

The natural landscapes of Reykjavik delight every foreign tourist. Guests from southern countries. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is located on the Seltjarnarnes peninsula washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The view from the city is incredible beautiful view to the famous northern fjords. The territory of the city is located in the zone of tectonic plate shift, so earthquakes are quite frequent here.

A small river flows through Reykjavik Elis river. True, its size does not allow organizing shipping on it, however Elis famous for its huge populations of salmon.

The hallmark of Reykjavik is, of course, stunning landscapes with numerous geysers, volcanoes and lakes. Not far from the Icelandic capital is the most beautiful lake in the country - Blue Lagoon. This reservoir has unusually warm water for this area (+40 ° C), and the clay-covered bottom gives the water a white tint. The Blue Lagoon is considered the most famous Icelandic spa resort. There are a large number of sanatoriums near the lake.

From the center of Reykjavik, you can see the top of the extinct Esya volcano. Its height reaches almost 910 meters. Slightly to the south extends Lake Blaulon. The locals call it the Glacier Lagoon. It also offers stunning views of the famous giant northern glaciers.

Attractions

Reykjavik, modest in size, has a huge number of attractions, most of which are concentrated in the central area of ​​​​the city, called Old Reykjavik. In the very center of the city rises a grandiose Lutheran stone Cathedral of Hallgrimskirja built in 1974. This temple is considered one of the most famous symbols of the capital of Iceland. Next to Hallgrimskirja Cathedral is the majestic figure of Leif Erickson. The monument was presented to Iceland by the United States of America in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the Althing (Icelandic Parliament).

Also noteworthy in the city center Cathedral Reykjavik and free church built in the Neo-Gothic style.

An important attraction of the Icelandic capital is architectural complex Perlan built in the late 1980s. This building is a huge metal structure, in the center of which there is a dome made in the form of a huge pearl. In the territory complex Perlan there is an active geyser.

Reykjavik has great amount museums and galleries. The most attractive for foreign tourists are:

• gallery of modern art "Listasafn"
• Studio Subba
• photography museum
• Ausmundur Sveinsson Museum
• Historical Museum and others.

Of particular interest is Workshop Subba, which covers the mythical theme beloved by all Icelanders (communication with elves, dwarves and trolls). At the open air museum Aurbair you can get acquainted with the history, traditions and culture of Iceland.

When in Reykjavik, you should definitely visit the old house Khevdi. It was here that the famous Icelandic poet Einar Benedihtsson worked. Today, this house houses a luxurious hotel for receiving eminent guests from all over the world.

Nutrition

In the capital of Iceland, a huge number of restaurants and cafes with unique Icelandic cuisine are open, which will amaze even the most demanding gourmet. The favorite dishes of the locals are seafood treats. In every city restaurant you will be offered to try the amazing national dish hakarl - this is shark meat, stored for about two months in the ground. Such an unusual treat is served in small pieces under the Icelandic schnapps.

From meat, Icelanders prefer lamb. The original dish can be tasted in large restaurants cities - hrutspungur. This amazing treat consists of pressed marinated ram's testicles. Also in the restaurants of Reykjavik you can taste such exotic dishes as meat fur seal, whale meat and whale steak.

The most popular establishments in the Icelandic capital are Apotek and Kaffi Reykjavik with Ice Bar. Both restaurants will delight visitors with incredibly delicious cuisine, amazing service and beautiful design. Particularly worth highlighting ice bar, which maintains an air temperature of about -5 ° C all year round.

The most popular drinks here are coffee and national " brennyvin". Interestingly, when ordering coffee in restaurants, you will be asked to pay only for the first cup, the rest will be free.

Food in the capital of Iceland is quite expensive. So, for lunch in a small cafe per person you will have to pay 10 €. A dinner for two in a middle-class restaurant will cost 40-50 €.

Accommodation

Reykjavik offers foreign visitors a wide range of hotels and inns. Here you can stay both in luxurious expensive apartments and in cheap hotels, in which several rooms have one common bathroom. The city has a whole network of hostels that provide small but quite comfortable rooms. Their equipment is minimal (bathroom, bed and TV), but the cost of living in such rooms is very attractive - about 30 €.

Lovers of outdoor recreation can use the services of well-equipped campsites. True, these establishments operate only in summer period- from June to September. The price of such housing is also relatively low - about 30-40 € per night.

Adherents of a more comfortable stay Reykjavik hospitably offers numerous hotels, the quality of services of which corresponds to three, four and five "stars". The rooms of such establishments, as a rule, are quite spacious and comfortable. There is a whole set of necessary furniture and appliances for a carefree holiday. The cost of such rooms practically does not differ from the average European level. A single room in cheap hotels will cost the client only 15 € per night. But in large hotels of world brands, for example, Radisson Blu Saga Hotel, you will have to pay 120-130 € per night.

Entertainment and recreation

Travel companies offer a unique entertainment program in amazing Reykjavik. Here, in addition to visiting the main attractions, you can have a great time in city parks and take an unforgettable walk along the Atlantic Ocean. There are also many proposals for organizing active rest tourists. Outside the Icelandic capital, you can take an unusual safari on the famous glaciers. Icelandic horses, which are very similar to ponies, are very popular among foreigners. Many young people come to the Icelandic capital to try their hand at rafting.

It is believed that the best fishing in the world for trout and salmon is in the rivers near Reykjavik. It is here that numerous fishermen from all over the world come to catch their next trophy.

Reykjavik travel companies organize amazing cruises along the coast of Iceland for whale and fur seal watching.

Families with small children, to please their children, just need to visit family park. It will be interesting for kids to ride modern attractions, visit sports complex and a water park with numerous pools, the water in which is heated by geothermal sources.

Incredibly interesting will be a tour of the so-called " golden circle". The itinerary includes a visit to the beautiful Gullfos waterfall, national Thingvellir park, amazing magma forests, famous spa resort " Blue Lagoon» and valleys of geysers.

Fans of a fun and noisy nightlife will find an institution to their taste in Reykjavik. The Icelandic capital at night is considered one of the busiest in all of Europe. No wonder Reykjavik is called Northern Ibiza. In the city center there are a huge number of bars and clubs. The most popular among foreigners are Pravda and NASA.

Purchases

Reykjavik will please even avid shopaholics. The city has a huge number of shopping centers, souvenir shops and galleries. Foreign tourists prefer to buy original souvenirs in the form of Vikings, elves, trolls and others. mythical creatures. Also popular among tourists are warm products made from Icelandic wool, ceramic products with symbols of Reykjavik and Iceland. Of particular interest are silver jewelry, which are much cheaper here than on mainland Europe. Many foreign tourists prefer to buy designer clothes in the Icelandic capital.

The most popular shopping center is considered " Kringlan". All shops in Reykjavik are open from 9:00 to 18:00. On Saturday, the working day is reduced to 16:00. Large supermarkets are open to customers until 23:00 daily. Payment for purchases and services is made in Icelandic krone. Many stores and shopping centers carry out cashless payments using Visa and MasterCard cards.

Transport

The transport system of Reykjavik is represented by bus, air and sea ​​transport. Railways not on the island. Despite the small size of the city center, where the main tourist attractions are concentrated, there are many bus routes connecting different areas of Reykjavik. In the very center, travel companies recommend walking so as not to miss anything interesting.

The capital of Iceland is connected by bus to other remote cities of the country. This type of transport is popular only for traveling over relatively short distances. The cost of a ticket for city public transport is approximately 2 €. For a trip out of town, you will need a slightly larger amount - about 10 €.

It is worth noting that the quality of roads in the Icelandic capital is worthy of the highest praise. Drivers in Reykjavik are very disciplined and strictly follow the rules of the road, because in Iceland the fines applied for traffic violations are very high.

You can also travel around Reykjavik by private taxi. True, it is worth noting that the cost of such a trip is many times higher than the price of tickets to public transport. So, for one trip you will have to pay up to 20-30 €. It is interesting that with the onset of the dark time of the day, the cost of a taxi increases sharply several times. That is why very rare foreigners decide to use this service.

Keflavik International Airport is located near Reykjavik, serving most flights throughout Iceland. The main air carriers are Icelandair and Iceland Express. These airlines operate both domestic flights and most international flights.

Reykjavik is the largest seaport in the country. To connect with other coastal cities in Iceland, there is a well-established ferry service. The cost of tickets for this type of transport is acceptable - about 10-20 €. It is worth noting that you need to purchase tickets in advance to travel by ferry.

Connection

The communication system in Reykjavik is excellent. Every city street has telephone booths powered by plastic cards and coins. Interestingly, all tariffs depend on the day of the week and time of day. On weekdays from 8:00 to 19:00, a call abroad will cost less than 1 €. With a 25% discount, you can make calls on weekends and weekdays from 19:00 to 8:00.

Cellular communication of the GSM 900/1800 standard, which is provided by the company, has gained immense popularity in Reykjavik. Landssimi Islands. The cost of one minute of a mobile call is approximately 0.2 €.

In the center of Reykjavik there are numerous Internet cafes offering their services for as little as 3 € per hour. Only a few points throughout the city are equipped with wireless Wi-Fi networks.

Security

Reykjavik has gained a reputation for being an unsafe city in recent years. Here, cases of attacks on foreign citizens with the aim of stealing valuables or money have become significantly more frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to be attentive to your belongings, especially when you are in crowded places. More serious crimes against foreigners were not recorded.

Tourists should be especially careful when traveling outside the city. In such excursions, it is necessary to use the services of local guides, since there is a high risk of falling into a deep mud pit or not noticing a geyser and being near it during an eruption, which is very dangerous.

They don't even know about dangerous infections and diseases here. But there is a certain danger of food poisoning: be careful with Icelandic delicacies.

Business climate

Reykjavik attracts numerous foreign investors with its preferential tax rates for small industrial enterprises - only 5%. Many businessmen decide to invest their money in the tourist infrastructure of Reykjavik, because the unique natural beauties, relatively soft climatic conditions terrain and a huge number of attractions attract to this city every year more and more foreign tourists from all over the world. The tourism industry has recently taken a leading position in the city's economy. Many experts recognize it as the fastest payback.

The property

The most sparsely populated capital in the world, Reykjavik, is among the top five cities with the highest housing prices. The ever-increasing interest of tourists in the Icelandic capital provokes an increase in property prices. The average cost of residential premises depends on the area where the apartment is located. When buying an apartment in the center of Reykjavik, you need to pay about 5000 € for square meter, in sleeping areas - about 4000-4500 €. It is worth noting that the purchase of housing in Reykjavik by foreign citizens is possible only after obtaining a residence permit in Iceland.

Experts note in Reykjavik a high growth in demand for rental housing. On average in the city, you will have to pay about 600-700 € per month for renting a one-room apartment.

For a safe stay in Reykjavik, you should follow a few basic rules of behavior in this northern town. When communicating with local residents remember that Icelanders don't have surnames. They address each other exclusively by name, and they demand the same from tourists.

When traveling around the country, while walking, horseback riding or cycling, you need to be especially careful, because unexpected eruptions of geysers or volcanoes can always be taken by surprise. Going out of town, you must always stay close to the guide (it will not be superfluous to wear something bright).

To travel around northern Reykjavik, you need to stock up on thermal underwear, waterproof and windproof outerwear and warm shoes.

In Reykjavik, there are several special places where you can safely set up your tent for an overnight stay and light a fire.