All seas are bays and straits of Eurasia. Eurasia coastline

Eurasia is the largest and most contrasting continent of the Earth in terms of natural conditions. More than 1/3 of the planet's land area is in Eurasia; its area, together with the adjacent ones, is about 54 million km2. At the same time, 4/5 of them are in Asia and 1/5 part - in Europe - two parts of the world that are traditionally distinguished as part of Eurasia. The names of these parts of the world originated in ancient times and mean in translation from the language of the Assyrians: “ereb” - “west, sunset” and “asu” - “east, sunrise” (of the Sun). The land border between and was revised several times. At present, it is customary to carry it along the eastern foot Ural mountains(about 60 ° E), Emba, the northern coast of the sea, the Kumo-Manych depression, to the north, to the Taman Peninsula. Further, the border goes along the straits connecting with the Mediterranean.

Coastline Eurasia is heavily indented. But this factor manifests itself in different ways in the water areas surrounding it in all four oceans of the planet. In the west, it goes far into the land, forming inland seas and numerous bays. Outlying are separated from the mainland by giant chains of islands. In the north, shallow shelf seas are wide open to the side and separated by archipelagos of islands. Into the far south jut out large peninsulas, and between them - wide bays and seas.

Powerful currents in the oceans washing the shores of Eurasia strong influence on the nature of the mainland. The North Atlantic Current - a continuation - carries warm waters from the latitudes, as a result of which the seas near the western and north- western coasts Europe does not freeze. From the south along the coast of Asia passes warm current Kuroshio. At 40° N this current meets cold

1. Fill in the gaps in the sentences

Eurasia is the most big mainland. Its area, together with the islands, is 53.4 million km2. Eurasia stretches from north to south for 8,000 km, from west to east - for 16,000 km. Eurasia is washed by the waters of the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. In Eurasia, there are two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.

11. Before you are climatic diagrams (Fig. 28). Determine what types of climate they belong to.

1-moderate temperate continental

2-subtropical mediterranean

3-tropical continental

4-subtropical monsoon

12. Determine the type of climate according to the description

1. Summer is dominated by temperate air masses, in winter - arctic. Precipitation falls mainly in summer period. They are associated with the arrival of moderate air masses.

subarctic climate

2. In summer, equatorial air masses dominate here, in winter - tropical. Precipitation occurs in summer, and winters are dry.

Subequatorial climate.

13. Determine the type of climate according to the following indicators: average temperature January -28°C, July +18°C, the average annual rainfall is 350 mm.

temperate continental climate

15. Sign up for contour map extreme points of Eurasia.

16. Sign on the contour map the oceans and seas, bays and straits off the coast of Eurasia.

17. Sign on the contour map the major islands related to Eurasia. On what coast of the mainland is the largest number islands?

18. Draw on a contour map and label the currents off the coast of Eurasia.

19. Sign the mountains, plains, rivers and lakes mentioned in the text §45-46 of the textbook on the contour map of Eurasia.

20. On the contour map of Eurasia, mark the borders of the states about which in question in the textbook and sign them. Also sign the capitals of these states.

The relief of Eurasia is characterized by greater complexity and diversity, which is associated with the heterogeneity of the tectonic structure.

23. The well-known zoologist and traveler B. Grzimek wrote: “Pristine nature must be protected no less than we protect the paintings of Raphael, Cologne Cathedral, Indian temples; they can be restored if desired ... By destroying or endangering the destruction of many species of animals on Earth, people thereby deprive not only the nature around us, but also themselves.

How do you understand the words of the scientist? State your position.

The scientist's words are true. Often people betray great importance not to those things that really have it. We still have the opportunity to admire the real natural landscapes, the beauties of nature. However, if we do not take care of nature, future generations, our children and grandchildren, will be deprived of such an opportunity.

26. What letter on the map (Fig. 29) indicates the Iberian Peninsula?

BUT); AT); WITH); D)

27. Eurasia is washed by the waters of the bays:

1) Bengal; 2) Biscay; 3) Mexican

1) Bengal; 2) Biscay

28. Eurasia includes the islands:

1) Borneo; 2) Sumatra; 3) New Guinea

1) Borneo; 2) Sumatra.

29. Choose the extra:

1) Turan lowland; 2) Mesopotamian lowland; 3) Amazonian lowland

3) Amazonian lowland;

30. What letter on the map (Fig. 30) indicates the mountains of the Himalayas?

BUT); AT); WITH); D)

31. Choose the extra:

1) Rhine; 2) Elba; 3) Darling; 4) Seine

3) Darling

32. What letter on the map (Fig. 31) marks the Yangtze River?

BUT); AT); WITH); D)

Climate type Territory

1) Arctic A) Iberian Peninsula

2) subarctic B) Wrangel Island

3) moderate B) the island of Kalimantan

4) tropical D) the island of Iceland

5) subtropical D) the island of Great Britain

6) subequatorial E) Hindustan Peninsula

7) equatorial

3 - A, G, D

34. What letter on the map (Fig. 32) indicates India?

BUT); AT); WITH); D)

Country Capital

1) Mongolia A) Delhi

2) India B) Tehran

3) Iran B) Ulaanbaatar

4) China D) Kabul

5) Afghanistan D) Beijing

37. Choose the correct statement.

1. Natural zones in Eurasia are elongated in the meridional direction.

3. The monsoon climate is common in the west of Eurasia.

2. Eurasia is washed by all the oceans of the Earth.

38. Which of the statements is correct?

A) The wettest place on Earth is Cherrapunji.

B) All natural zones are located on the territory of Eurasia.

1) only A is true;

2) only B is true;

3) both are true;

4) both are wrong

Parameter name	Meaning
Article subject:	EURASIA
Rubric (thematic category)	Geography

Eurasia is the largest continent on Earth. Taking into account the islands, it is located in all hemispheres of the planet, although it mainly refers to the northern and eastern. Its coastline is very indented, the mainland washes great amount seas and bays, many large and small peninsulas protrude into the ocean. The natural and climatic conditions of Eurasia are exceptionally diverse: while its southern territories are in the equatorial zone of the planet, the northern ones go far beyond the Arctic Circle.

Extreme points of Eurasia:

North: Cape Chelyuskin - 77°43' N 104°18’E

Southern: Cape Piai - 1°16'N 103°31’E

Western: Cape Roca - 38°47'N 9°30’W

Eastern: Cape Dezhnev - 66°5'N 169°39’W

The mainland is located in all climatic zones Lands: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate, subarctic and arctic.

Eurasia is washed by all the oceans of the Earth, with the exception of the South: the Atlantic from the west, the Arctic from the north, the Pacific from the east and the Indian from the south.

Eurasia is connected to Africa in the southwest through the Sinai Peninsula, in the east it is separated by a narrow Bering Strait from North America.

Eurasia is washed by the waters of all four oceans, which form marginal and inland seas near its shores: the Baltic, Black, Azov, Mediterranean, North and norwegian sea; the Straits of Gibraltar and the English Channel, as well as the Bay of Biscay, belong to the Atlantic Ocean. There are large islands here: Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, as well as peninsulas: Scandinavian, Iberian, Apennine. The northern shores of Eurasia are washed by the seas of the Arctic Ocean: Barents, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi. The largest islands New Earth, Svalbard; peninsulas - Taimyr, Yamal. The Bering Strait connects the North Arctic Ocean with the Pacific, which forms marginal seas off the coast of Eurasia: Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese, Yellow, East China, South China. The largest islands: Sakhalin, Hokkaido, Honshu, Philippine, Greater Sunda; peninsulas: Kamchatka, Korea, Indochina.

The seas of the Indian Ocean (Red, Arabian) and bays (Persian, Bengal) protrude deep into the land. Οʜᴎ are washed by large peninsulas - Arabian, Hindustan, Malacca.

Eurasia is a continent of contrasts. Due to the enormous size of the mainland, the nature of Eurasia is diverse and complex. Here is the greatest peak in the world - Mount Chomolungma (Everest) with a height of 8848 m and the deepest land depression (in relation to sea level) - the Dead Sea (-402 m); the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere in Oymyakon, where a temperature of -70°C was recorded, and the sultry regions of Mesopotamia; arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula, where a total of 44 mm of precipitation falls per year, and humid regions of Northeast India (Cherrapunji) with a rainfall of 12,000 mm or more per year; Arctic deserts are located in the north of the mainland, and humid equatorial forests are located in the south.

From the history of the study. Long before the era of the Greats geographical discoveries and the foundation of the First Geographical Institute by the Portuguese Prince Henry, the inhabitants of Europe actively explored the surrounding lands, made geographical discoveries. One of the first were the Phoenicians, who in the II century BC. e. explored the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, then the ancient Greeks completed the discovery of southern Europe. And during the reign of the Romans, who conquered the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the name of the third part of the world appeared - Africa. In the era of the great geographical discoveries, the famous journey of the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama to India took place, as well as circumnavigation Ferdinand Magellan, who, having crossed the Pacific Ocean, approached the islands of Indonesia. The nature of Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East has long remained a mystery to European geographers.

The famous expeditions of our compatriots - Semyon Dezhnev to Siberia and Far East, Vladimir Atlasov to Kamchatka, Pyotr Chikhachev to Altai, Pyotr Semenov-Tien Shan to the Tien Shan mountains, Nikolai Przhevalsky to Central Asia- filled in the blanks geographical maps Asia.

Relief and minerals. The diversity of the relief of Eurasia is explained by the structural features earth's crust different parts mainland. Ancient platforms: East European, Siberian, Sino-Korean, Indian, African-Arabian correspond to vast stable plains: the East European Plain, the Central Siberian Plateau, the Great Chinese Plain, the Deccan Plateau, the Arabian Plateau. The areas of new folding correspond to mountain belts: the Alpine-Himalayan, including the Pyrenees, the Apennines, the Alps, the Carpathians, the Caucasus, the Pamirs, the Himalayas; as well as the Pacific belt of folded mountains (part of the Pacific ʼʼring of fireʼʼ), stretching along the eastern coast of Eurasia from Kamchatka to the Malay Archipelago. Here, in the Pacific Ocean, there are deep-sea trenches. These are seismically active areas with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, the most famous of which are: Vesuvius (Apennine Peninsula), Etna (Sicily), Hekla (Iceland). The tallest active volcano Eurasia - Klyuchevskaya Sopka(4750 m) on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Fujiyama (O.Honshu), Krakatau, located on a small island in the Malay Archipelago.

The mountains The Urals, Altai, Tien Shan appeared in the era of ancient folding. At the same time, Altai and Tien Shan underwent new uplifts - the rejuvenation of the relief, in contrast to the Ural Mountains, which are severely destroyed and smoothed.

In the vicinity of the folded mountains in the foothill troughs, a layer of the earth's crust formed lowlands, for example, the Indo-Gangetic (Hindostan Peninsula) and Mesopotamian (Arabian Peninsula).

Minerals Eurasia is extremely diverse, and their reserves are large. Deposits of iron ores in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula, on the Hindustan Peninsula and northeast China are associated with igneous rocks. A strip of deposits of such rare metals as tungsten and tin stretched across southern China, the peninsulas of Indochina and Malacca, forming the so-called tin-tungsten belt. Non-ferrous metal ores abound in the mountains of the Alpine-Himalayan belt, the Deccan plateau.

Oil and gas exceptionally wealthy West Siberian lowland, Persian Gulf coast, shelf North Sea, the Arabian Peninsula and the Mesopotamian Lowland. With sedimentary rocks also associated deposits hard coal, the largest of which are located in the Ruhr and Upper Silesian basins in Western Europe, in the Donets Basin in the South of Russia, as well as on the Great Chinese Plain and the Indo-Gangetic Lowland.

Place of Birth iron ore are associated with metamorphic rocks, such as the Kursk magnetic anomaly in Russia, as well as with sedimentary rocks (the Lorraine deposit in Western Europe). Bauxites are of sedimentary origin. Their deposits are located along the Alps, south of the Carpathians and on the Indochina peninsula.

Eurasia is the only continent of the Earth, which is located in all climatic zones and in all natural areas(Fig. 26). Its nature is exceptionally diverse, in connection with this, several large natural complexes: Northern, Western, Middle and Southern Europe; Southwestern, Central, Eastern and South Asia. Patterns of population development and political map are also very different, in this regard, we will consider them separately for Europe and Asia.

EURASIA - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "EURASIA" 2017, 2018.

- EURASIA

NORTH AMERICA West Antarctica, East Antarctica. Antarctica Great Barrier Reef. AUSTRALIA Capes (specify coordinates): Steep Point, South Point, York, Byron. Oceans: Indian, Pacific Seas: Timor, Arafura,... .

- Eurasia.

North America. South America. Australia. Africa. Seas - Mediterranean, Red. Gulfs - Aden, Guinea. Straits - Gibraltar, Bab-el-Mandeb, Mozambique. Peninsula Somalia. Island Madagascar. Rivers - Nile, Congo, Orange, ... .

- Eurasia.

North America. South America. Australia. Seas - Tasmanovo, Coral. Bays - Great Australian, Carpentaria. Straits - Torres, Bass. Islands - New Guinea, New Zealand, Tasmania. Peninsulas - Arnhem Land, Cape York. Rivers – Murey,...

The article contains information about the seas and oceans that wash the shores of the most significant continent of the planet. He talks about the features and specifics of the coastal territories of the continent. Here all the seas that are part of the oceans washing the coast of Eurasia are painted in detail.

Seas and oceans of Eurasia

The eastern shores of the mainland are washed by the Pacific Ocean.

Rice. 1. Pacific Ocean.

The Eurasian Pacific coast is distinguished by its unusual dissection and variety of islands. The islands and peninsulas of Eurasia, in turn, isolate from the ocean a system of interconnected marginal seas: The Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands separate the Sea of Okhotsk, the Japanese Islands and the Korean Peninsula delimit the mainland and the Sea of Japan.

Eurasia is the most big continent our planet. It is washed by all oceans.

Rice. 2. Eurasia surrounded by ocean waters.

The islands that make up the area of \u200b\u200bthe mainland surround its territory in a semicircle. The Eurasian islands and archipelagos are mostly located in eastern waters. Large islands and island groups are located in the northwestern region of the mainland.

Seas of the mainland of Eurasia

There are a lot of seas washing Eurasia.

The mainland, washed by four oceans, is recognized as a supercontinent. The gigantic piece of land owes this title to its impressive size. The total land area is over 54 million square meters. km. In addition to the mainland itself, this number also includes the area of 15 peninsulas.

On the offshore, near the European coastal borders, the Bay of Biscay extends, as well as the Baltic, North and Irish Seas.

Rice. 3. Bay of Biscay.

Gibraltar links ocean waters co mediterranean sea, which includes several basins separated by islands and peninsulas. Deeper into the mainland, the Black and Azov Seas protrude, which, thanks to the Bosphorus, are subsequently combined with the Mediterranean Sea.

Between the Norwegian and Barents Seas is the Scandinavian Peninsula. In the eastern regions of the mainland, chains of islands and peninsulas separate the seas from the Pacific Ocean. The Sea of Okhotsk is separated by the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands.

What have we learned?

We learned how many oceans wash the lands of the continent. We received information about why this territory of the Earth received the title of supercontinent. We learned how many peninsulas belong to the territory of the largest land area. We found out how and how the mainland is separated from the others. We received information that the seas of the planet are interconnected by a system of bays and straits. We learned that most of the mainland is located in the northern hemisphere.

Theme 2. Eurasia

Area - 54.6 million km 2.

The population is 5.1 billion people.

The length of the coastline is 120.3 thousand km.

The highest point above sea level is Mount Chomolungma (Everest) (8850 m).

The most low point from sea level - surface Dead Sea(-400 m).

The average height above sea level is 840 m.

The most long river- Yangtze (Changjiang) (5800 km).

The largest lake is the Caspian Sea (376 thousand km 2)

The largest island is Kalimantan (744.1 thousand km 2

Topic announcement

Eurasia is the largest continent on the planet. Everything here impresses with its size and contrasts. It is on this continent that there are the largest peninsulas in area, the highest mountain system and highlands of the planet, the deepest depression on land, the largest and deepest lakes.

originated in Eurasia ancient civilizations. 2/3 of the world's population lives on its territory, representatives of all races. The largest and smallest states in the world by area are also located on the mainland.

In the arms of four oceans with many islands, peninsulas, seas, bays and straits, Eurasia stretches for 16,000 km from west to east and for 8,000 km from north to south.

Eurasia is the continent on which the state of Ukraine is located - our homeland.

§ 39. Geographical position and coastline of Eurasia

Remember: 1. What is the area of Eurasia? Compare it with the areas of other continents. 2. Characteristic features geographical location North America? 3. What are parts of the world? What parts of the world were historically allocated to the territory of Eurasia?

Determine the position of Eurasia relative to the equator, zero and 180th meridians from Figure 95. Establish through which territories of the mainland the Northern arctic circle and Northern Tropic. Compare with North America.

Geographical position. Eurasia is the greatest landmass of our planet. By area, it occupies more than 1/3 of the entire land mass of the Earth.

Like North America, Eurasia is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere relative to the equator. Its length from west to east is impressive: the mainland crosses not only the zero, but also the 180th meridian. Most of Eurasia is located in Eastern Hemisphere, the extreme western and eastern parts are in the Western Hemisphere.

Rice. 95. Geographical position of Eurasia

Eurasia, like North America, is crossed by the Arctic Circle and the Northern Tropic, so it stretches through all the thermal and climatic zones of the Earth.

Eurasia is the only continent that is washed by the waters of all four oceans: in the east - the Pacific, in the west - the Atlantic, in the south - the Indian, in the north - the Arctic. Most of all, the nature of the mainland is influenced by the warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean: the North Atlantic and its branches that enter the Arctic Ocean. These extensions of the Gulf Stream cause a significant amount of precipitation and warm the western part of the mainland, up to the Ural Mountains. So, when in the east of Canada rage winter frosts, at the same latitudes in Europe, winters are warm and snow cover is unstable.

In the Pacific Ocean, the warm Kuroshio Current, which is called the "Japanese Gulf Stream", leads to an increase in air temperature and an increase in precipitation on the eastern coasts of Eurasia. Cold Somali Current Indian Ocean forms the dry and hot weather of the Arabian Peninsula, where deserts extend all the way to the ocean coast.

The Arctic Ocean is replenished by the warm waters of the Atlantic and partially Pacific Oceans. Due to this, it does not cool, but, on the contrary, makes the land of the Northern Hemisphere warmer. Therefore, there are no such low temperatures air, like in Antarctica.

Eurasia borders on other continents. It is separated from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar, the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea, and from North America by the Bering Strait. This is due to the similarity of the natural conditions of neighboring continents.

extreme north point Eurasia - Cape Chelyuskin, southern - Cape Piai, western - Cape Roca, eastern - Cape Dezhnev.

Through the vast territory of Eurasia, the nature of the mainland is very diverse and contrasting. In the north - permafrost, and in the south - eternal summer, on the coasts of the seas and oceans a humid maritime climate prevails, but in the inner parts of the mainland there are arid deserts.

Coastline. The coasts of Eurasia are very dissected. The coastline of the mainland is more than 2.5 times longer than the equator line.

Oceans off the coast of the mainland form large seas. AT Atlantic Ocean these are: North, Baltic, Mediterranean, Black and Azov seas. In the Arctic - the Barents, Kara, East and other seas. In the Pacific - the Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese, Yellow, Skhidnokitaysk and South China seas. In the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea.

Analyze the features of the geographical location of Eurasia and explain to the natural conditions of which the mainland - Africa or North America - are more similar natural conditions Eurasia.

Determine geographical coordinates extreme points mainland.

The largest bays off the coast of Eurasia are: in the Indian Ocean - Bengal, Persian and Aden, in the Atlantic - Biscay and Bothnia, in the Pacific - Siam.

The largest peninsulas on Earth in terms of area protrude far into the oceanic expanses: in the west - Scandinavian, Pyrenean, Apennine, Balkan, Crimean, Asia Minor; in the south - Arabian (the largest in the world), Hindustan (Fig. 96), Malacca, Indochina, in the east - Korea, Kamchatka; in the north - Chukotsky, Taimyr.

Rice. 96. Hindustan

Numerous islands of continental and volcanic origin formed near the coast of Eurasia. Off the western coast of Eurasia are large islands of continental origin - Great Britain and Ireland, separated from the mainland by the English Channel. Along northern shores after the last epoch of glaciation, numerous islands of continental origin remained, in particular Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya. East on the border lithospheric plates arose located in an arc of the islands of volcanic origin - Japanese and Philippine. There is also an island of mainland origin - Sakhalin, separated from the continent by the La Perouse Strait. To the southeast of Eurasia is the largest archipelago on earth - the Greater Sunda Islands (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java) of continental origin. It is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Malacca. Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean.

One continent, two parts of the world. For the first time, the name "Eurasia" appeared on geographical maps only in the first half of the 19th century. Previously, they wrote that the names of the two parts that make up the mainland, Europe and Asia, were introduced back in antiquity. Asia accounts for 4/5 of the mainland area, Europe - 1/5. The border between Europe and Asia is conditional. It runs along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, the Emba River, along the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Kumo-Manitskaya depression. The sea border divides the mainland along the Azov and Black Seas, and further by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas.

Briefly about the main thing!

The geographical position of Eurasia is determined by its territory, a large extent from west to east and from north to south. Eurasia is located in all climatic zones of the Earth. This is the only continent that is washed by the waters of all four oceans.

The coastline of the mainland is very dissected, which is manifested in a large number of seas, bays, straits, peninsulas and islands.

On the mainland of Eurasia, two parts of the world historically stood out - Europe and Asia.

1. Describe the geographic location of Eurasia according to the standard plan.

What are the features of the location of this continent?

2. How does the territory of Eurasia influence the formation of its natural conditions?

3. How do the oceans affect the nature of Eurasia?

4. Show on the map geographic features along which the conditional border between Europe and Asia passes.

5. Compare the features of the geographical location of Eurasia and North America. Point out the similarities and differences.

6. Together with classmates, play the game "Journey on two ships around Eurasia" from Cape Piai to Cape Chelyuskin. The first ship will sail to the west from Cape Piai, the second - to the east.

7. Calculate in degrees and kilometers the extent of Eurasia from north to south at 105 ° east. d.

8. Determine in degrees and kilometers the extent of Eurasia from west to east at 40 ° Mon. sh., if the length of the parallel arc of 1 ° is approximately 85.4 km.