Harmful production. Extraction, enrichment and agglomeration of coal

We have a bad attitude towards the planet that gave us life, feeds us and gives us all means of subsistence. A person very often tries with all his might to turn his habitat into a stinking garbage dump. And he usually succeeds. Forests are cut down and animals are destroyed, rivers are polluted with toxic effluents, and the oceans are turned into garbage dumps.

Some of the cities we live in look like an illustration from a horror movie. They have multi-colored puddles, stunted trees and air saturated with toxic emissions. People in such cities do not live long, children get sick, and the smell of exhaust gases becomes a familiar aroma.

Our country in this respect is no different from other industrialized countries. Cities where chemical or any other harmful production is developed are a sad sight. We have compiled a list for you, which includes the dirtiest cities in Russia. Some of them can be said to be in a real ecological disaster. But the authorities don't care about that, and locals seem to be accustomed to living in such conditions.

Long time the dirtiest city in Russia Dzerzhinsk was considered Novgorod region. This settlement used to produce chemical weapons, it was closed to the outside world. Over decades of such activity, so many different chemical rubbish has accumulated in the soil that local residents rarely live to be 45 years old. However, we make our list based on Russian system calculation, and it takes into account only harmful substances in the atmosphere. Soil and water are not taken into account.

Our list opens with a city that throughout its short history has been strongly associated with metallurgy, heavy industry and the exploits of the first five-year plans. The city is home to the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the largest such enterprise in Russia. It is to his share that most of harmful emissions that poison the lives of citizens. In total, about 255 thousand tons of harmful substances enter the city air annually. Agree, a huge number. Numerous filters are installed at the plant, but they help little, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and soot in the air exceeds the norm several times.

In ninth place on our list is another Siberian city. Although Angarsk is considered quite prosperous, but ecological situation sad here. The chemical industry is extremely developed in Angarsk. Oil is actively processed here, there are many machine-building enterprises, they also harm nature, and in addition, there is a plant in Angarsk that processes uranium and spent fuel from nuclear power plants. Neighborhood with such a plant has not yet added health to anyone. 280 thousand tons enter the city air every year toxic substances.

In eighth place is another Siberian city, the atmosphere of which annually receives 290,000 tons of harmful substances. Most of them are emitted by stationary sources. However, more than 30% of emissions come from cars. Do not forget that Omsk is a huge city with a population of over 1.16 million people.

Industry began to develop rapidly in Omsk after the war, as dozens of enterprises from the European part of the USSR were evacuated here. Now the city has a large number of ferrous metallurgy enterprises, chemical industry and mechanical engineering. All of them pollute the city air.

This city is one of the centers of Russian metallurgy. Many of the enterprises have outdated equipment and seriously poison the air. The largest metallurgical enterprise in the city is the Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Works, which is also the main air pollutant. In addition, the coal industry is quite developed in the region, which also produces a lot of harmful emissions. Residents of the city consider bad ecological situation in the city - one of its main problems.

This city is home to Europe's largest metallurgical plant (NLMK), which emits great amount contaminants. In addition to him, there are several other large enterprises in Lipetsk that are contributing to the deterioration environmental conditions in the locality.

Every year, 322 thousand tons of various harmful substances enter the city air. If the wind blows from the side of the metallurgical plant, then a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide is felt in the air. Indeed, it should be noted that in last years the enterprise has taken certain steps to reduce harmful emissions, but there are no results yet.

Asbestos

Fifth on our list dirtiest cities Russia located Ural locality. As it becomes clear from the name of this city, asbestos is mined and processed in it, and silicate brick is also produced. Here is the world's largest plant that extracts asbestos. And it was these enterprises that brought the city to the brink of ecological disaster.

More than 330,000 tons of hazardous materials are released into the air every year. human health substances, most of these emissions come from stationary sources. 99% of them are accounted for by one enterprise. You can also add that asbestos dust is very dangerous and can cause cancer.

This city is home to giant chemical and metallurgical plants: Cherepovets Azot, Severstal, Severstal-Metiz, and Ammofos. Every year, they emit about 364,000 tons of substances hazardous to human health into the air. The city has a very high number of diseases of the respiratory system, heart and oncological diseases.

The situation is especially worse in spring and autumn.

In third place on our list is the city of St. Petersburg, which does not have large industrial enterprises or particularly hazardous industries. However, here the matter is different: there are a very large number of cars in the city and most of the emissions are car exhaust gases.

The city is not well organized road traffic, cars are often idle in traffic jams, while poisoning the air. The share of vehicles accounts for 92.8% of all harmful emissions into the air of the city. Every year, 488.2 thousand tons of harmful substances enter the air, and this is much more than in cities with developed industry.

Ranked second in terms of pollution environment Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. There are no large and dangerous industries here, no coal or heavy metals are mined, but every year about 1,000 thousand tons of substances harmful to humans are emitted into the air of a huge metropolis. The main source of these emissions are cars, they account for 92.5% of all harmful substances in the Moscow air. Cars pollute the air especially heavily during many hours of standing in traffic jams.

The situation is getting worse every year. If the situation continues to develop, it will soon be impossible to breathe in the capital.

First on our list most polluted cities in Russia, with a very large margin is the city of Norilsk. This settlement, which is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, has been a leader among the most unfavorable in terms of ecology for many years. Russian cities. This is recognized not only by domestic experts, but also by foreign environmentalists. Many of them consider Norilsk a zone ecological disaster. In the last few years, the city has become one of the leaders most polluted areas on the planet.

The reason for this situation is quite simple: the Norilsk Nickel enterprise is located in the city, which is the main polluter. In 2010, 1,923,900 tons of hazardous waste was released into the air.

Studies conducted several years ago showed that the level heavy metals, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid exceeds the safe level several times. In total, the researchers counted 31 harmful substances, the concentration of which exceeds the permissible norm. Plants and living things are slowly dying. In Norilsk, the average life expectancy is ten years less than the national average.

The dirtiest city in Russia - video:

If you are looking for new job, and it's included in the list below, you should think twice. These professions may seem romantic, exciting, and well-paid, but "dangerous" is the best word for them.

Fullpiccha has compiled a list of the most dangerous jobs in the world. Which one do you think is the most dangerous?

11 PHOTOS

1. Milker of snakes.

Snake milkers spend their days extracting venom (only from certain types of snakes). Snake venom can be used for many things, but the most important is its use in medical research or the production of antidotes.

Despite the fact that safety measures are applied in the work, each milking process is very dangerous.

2. Builder.

Even though safety equipment is used, this job still forces you to deal with deadly tools, heavy lifting and working at heights.

3. Courier.

Surprisingly, the profession of a courier is considered very dangerous in many countries around the world. Imagine that you are delivering pizza to a party of drunk people or a package to a person who is in a terrible mood. Couriers are often robbed.

4. Rodeo rider.

This work became popular in the late 90s, when the promise of big money for an 8-second performance seemed very attractive. In fact, the payoff may not be worth the consequences. Some figures show that a rodeo rider suffers one major injury in every 15 attempts to ride a bull.

5. Mountain guide.

Climbing a high mountain peak is a dream for enough people to justify the creation of a new job: a mountain guide. Their job is not only to lead the way, but to carry heavy equipment, to be the first to try to find dangerous path and be responsible for the safety of others.

6. Microchip manufacturer.

A number of hazardous materials are used in the production of computer chips. chemical substances such as arsenic, for example. Although microchips are not immediately fatal, long term consequences include miscarriages, birth defects, respiratory disease, and cancer.

7. War correspondent.

Showing the truth is just as important as treating people, but telling the truth comes with a higher risk. The list of dangers includes kidnapping, torture and murder. When you are at the epicenter combat action, you are not marked as a journalist, but as an enemy.

8. Work on oil platform.

Drillers work with one of the most flammable substances in the world. Sometimes they work 16 hours straight or even a whole day or 2 without sleep. Fires and explosions, drowning are among the most common deaths on oil rigs.

9. Tamer of crocodiles.

This art can lead you right into the mouth of a crocodile. Tamers risk their lives by placing body parts between the crocodile's jaws, playing with their tails, and doing all sorts of crazy things.

10. Lumberjack.

The lumberjack is one of the most dangerous professions, as the death rate in it is 20 times higher than in any other profession. You have to deal with heavy machines on a daily basis. As a result, most deaths are due to equipment failure and falling trees.

HARMFUL INDUSTRIES are usually the cause of long-term, gradually occurring changes in the body - chronic diseases. The legislation of the USSR seeks to regulate the technical conditions as fully as possible, which should be. harmful industries are subordinated. In the question of special benefits for workers in hazardous industries of an individual nature (the so-called "compensation for harmfulness"), the legislation takes a detailed profession as a basis. The legislation of the USSR on hazardous industries is based mainly on the Code of Laws on Labor and is regulated mainly by the People's Commissariat of Labor (NKT) of the USSR, and in some part also by the NCT of the Union republics. The implementation of these laws and regulations is mandatory for all employers without exception, regardless of the nature of the enterprise (private, cooperative or state), the violator is liable in criminal proceedings. The NCT also regulates purely technical rules for the construction and maintenance of industrial enterprises in hazardous industries. “All businesses and institutions should take necessary measures to the elimination or reduction of harmful working conditions, the prevention of accidents and the maintenance of the place of work in an appropriate sanitary and hygienic condition, in accordance with general and special mandatory regulations for individual industries issued by the People's Commissariat of Labor. A list of these resolutions is published. In addition to decrees covering mainly entire industries, the CNT has issued a number of decrees aimed specifically at combating the most dangerous occupational poisons.

Of great importance in the sense of combating various dangers of production is the so-called. preliminary supervision, i.e., the desire to implement the basic requirements of labor protection even before the enterprise is built, and thus avoid the admission of such basic construction and technical defects, which subsequently turn out to be extremely difficult to correct, and sometimes even impossible. According to the Labor Code, no enterprise can. b. opened, put into operation or transferred to another building without the sanction of the labor inspectorate and the bodies of sanitary-industrial and technical supervision. All projects for industrial construction (construction, reorganization and re-equipment of industrial establishments and all auxiliary institutions for workers located on the territory of the enterprise), until they are approved by the relevant authorities, e. b. are provided - in the part relating to the special requirements of this production, in the field of occupational health, safety and fire prevention - with the conclusions of the relevant bodies of the NCT.

On the issue of approving projects for new industrial construction and capital re-equipment of enterprises, labor protection authorities give an opinion through their representatives in special meetings at economic agencies (having the right to receive preliminary projects for detailed study).

A special group of measures to protect the labor of workers in hazardous industries is material compensation if the elimination of harmful working conditions is impossible for technical reasons.

One of the main ways to protect the health of a worker in hazardous production is to shorten the working day, because as a result of this measure, he comes into contact with special occupational hazards for less time, and, consequently, is exposed to less danger in relation to purely occupational diseases. For a number of years work time decreased in hazardous industries; in industries that are especially difficult and harmful to health, a reduced working day is established, according to the lists and norms established by the CNT on the basis of the following criteria: 1) for professions that are constantly in contact with poisons by type of work, under conditions that can cause chronic or acute poisoning (lead, mercury, arsenic, phosphorus, benzene and its derivatives, nitro compounds and other poisons); 2) for professions associated with continuous higher nervous tension(telephone, radio, etc.); 3) for work in compressed and rarefied air (caisson, diving, flight, etc.); 4) for certain professions associated with working underground in conditions of special stress, harm to health or danger; 5) for work at high temperature for at least half a normal working day; 6) for outdoor work at extremely low temperatures; 7) in exceptional cases, with the constant stay of workers in an atmosphere saturated with a large amount of harmful dust (dry point in porcelain production, when working on unprotected sandblasters, etc.). When establishing a shortened working day, on the basis of the above points, the combination of the listed hazards with each other, as well as the combination with particularly severe physical stress, is also taken into account. So, for example: in the mining industry, almost all underground workers are included in the lists, in metallurgy - 8 types of work (mainly in the casting and smelting of copper ores and copper, lead, zinc, arsenic and silver); in the metalworking industry - about 20 professions (in particular - grinders and dry grinders, picklers, all professions in contact with mercury, arsenic and lead compounds); in the chemical industry - more than 50 professions (in particular - in acid furnaces, in the manufacture of nitrite, chromium and lead salts, at a dry point in porcelain factories, in glass gutts, at various types works in the production of inorganic paints, etc.). A four-hour working day has been established in the production of verdigris, in the sowing and packing of red lead and litharge, in the production of sugarsaturn; a three-hour working day - in the cubic department of lead white factories. Further, since 1918 our legislation has established additional holidays for those working in hazardous industries. Detailed list of professions that give the right to additional leave, carefully revised together with the economic authorities and trade unions, was republished by the USSR NKT on June 28, 1923.

Additional leave is granted: 1) for persons who constantly come into contact with poisons by the nature of their work, under conditions that can cause chronic acute poisoning or other functional disorder of the body; 2) for persons whose work is associated with continuous increased nervous tension, as well as visual and hearing strain; 3) for those working in compressed and rarefied air; 4) for certain categories of workers working underground; 5) for those working at high temperatures; (at 30° without high humidity and at 25° with high humidity), when workers spend more than half of the working day at such a temperature; 6) for those working in enclosed spaces, with constant release a large number harmful dust that is not removed by appropriate devices; 7) for those working in refrigerators, with a permanent stay at a temperature below 0 °; 8) for persons whose work is associated with frequent wetting of closed parts of the body; 9) for persons in whose work there is a combination of several elements of hazards, as well as a combination of these hazards with particularly severe physical stress, although each of these hazards taken separately is not so significant as to give the right to additional holidays.

According to the labor legislation of the USSR, workers in hazardous industries receive some other purely material advantages. In the first place here is their receipt of special protective clothing, as well as masks and respirators. Under special protective clothing ("overalls") are understood only such items that are issued for the actual protection of the worker from one or another occupational hazard (and not to save the worker's own clothes) and for general hygienic purposes of work not in home clothes (this principle was applied during the period war communism, when each worker was given a set of clothes and even underwear). The list of professions that give the right to receive overalls, and the name of the items to be issued, with an indication of the terms for wearing them, is established by special resolutions of the USSR NKT for all industries. Issues of issuance of overalls are regulated mainly from the legal side. The right to receive overalls and safety items, established for a particular profession, also applies to apprentices working in the same conditions as workers in this profession. The overalls issued to workers are the property of the enterprise, institution or economy and are used by workers and employees only when they directly perform work. Further, according to the special lists of professions developed by the CNT, those workers whose work is associated with contamination in the course of work not only of the face and hands, but of the whole body, as well as with the danger of carrying infection home, are given soap at home; regardless of this, at enterprises with especially harmful or dirty work, there should be a sufficient amount of soap at the washstands for washing workers during work and at the end of it. Finally, in a number of hazardous industries, workers in occupations that are associated with the possibility of acute or chronic poisoning with occupational poisons are given milk in the amount of 0.615 liters (1 bottle) per day per person. In addition to all these activities, the Labor Code provides the CNT and its local authorities the right to establish in especially hazardous industries and enterprises a mandatory preliminary examination of all applicants for work or individual groups workers (women and adolescents), as well as their periodic re-examination. On this basis, the People's Commissariat of Labor and the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR issued a decree on mandatory periodic regular medical examinations of persons working in certain especially hazardous industries. The introduction of this measure should significantly intensify the fight against occupational hazards and prevent the development of more serious diseases of workers employed in hazardous industries.

Harmful production, serving as the cause of specific occupational diseases and influencing the general state of health of individual occupational groups, often have as their consequence increased mortality, early disability and more intense, compared with the entire population, the susceptibility of a given working group to various diseases. The impact of harmful industries can affect the fact that diseases that occur in normal conditions, under the influence of certain professional conditions, proceed in sharper or in special, peculiar forms, affect certain selected systems and organs, and also give a greater than usual number of adverse outcomes. So, it is known that intoxications, infections, as well as other diseases of a "wearing" nature associated with a weakening of strength and functional activity various parts organism, the easiest and most affected organs are those that are in a state of constant overstrain or chronic overwork. Further, hazardous industries can contribute to the occurrence or, more correctly, to the detection of such health disorders or pathological conditions which are associated with congenital or acquired weakness, lesser resistance, or other defects in individual organs or systems, and, however, under other conditions, this condition would not have manifested itself in the form of clearly expressed diseases. Most a prime example this group of cases are various occupational skin diseases, when the impact of external factors of a production nature (poisons, irritants, moisture, etc.) only reveals a special pathological sensitivity of the skin to various moments external character. Myopia, according to modern views, also requires a special relatively unstable state of the lens for its development, but not everyone who is predisposed to the development of myopia actually has it. Statistics with no doubt convincingly proves close connection between the relative number of nearsighted people in various professions, on the one hand, and the need to intensely strain their eyesight in conditions professional work, as well as the lighting conditions of the workplace, on the other hand.

Further, harmful productions (high temperature, poisons, dust, etc.) significantly weaken the resistance of various organs to direct external influences as well as in relation to infections. AT recent times the medical literature provides a number of data obtained both on the basis of experiments performed on animals, and as a result of clinical observations and a special in-depth laboratory study of the impact on workers of various hazards; these data show that under the influence of poisons or even fatigue, the ability of the whole organism as a whole to resist infectious diseases drops sharply and the so-called. The "protective" properties of blood, with the help of which a diseased organism usually fights against invading microbes. Harmful production, being one of the factors affecting the body external environment, of course, extremely rarely act completely in isolation; usually they are closely intertwined with other influences social environment(level wages, housing, food, living conditions, sexual life, etc.). In some cases, the profession entails certain features of a purely social nature from among those indicated above (acute housing need among seasonal workers, alcoholism in certain professions, unregulated sexual life among sailors, etc.).

A careful study of hazardous industries makes it possible, first of all, to establish the relationship and connection between work and the health of various occupational groups. This is done in two ways. On the one hand, doctors (primarily sanitary inspectors for labor protection) study labor and production processes from a special angle (compilation of the so-called sanitary characteristics of detailed professions according to a special map developed by the CNT in 1920); in addition, labor protection authorities carry out in-depth laboratory study sanitary conditions of work for an accurate quantitative assessment of individual hazards in various industries, workshops and even individual workshops of various enterprises (characteristic meteorological conditions, precise definition the amount of dust and vapors in the air, intensity measurement radiant energy etc.). On the other hand, the clinic carefully studies typical occupational diseases, and the sanitary statistics of labor establishes in the form of statistical patterns their influence on the general sanitary indicators of the health of the proletariat ( physical development, mortality, disability, morbidity, etc.). Statistical data on occupational mortality in Holland (for 1908-11) show that overall mortality as a whole (standard, that is, calculated in such a way as to eliminate the disparity in age distribution in various occupational groups), as well as mortality by individual ages and certain types of diseases give fluctuations reaching up to 250%. Of particular interest is the Russian statistics of Professor Vigdorchik, who compared individual hazardous industries with the results of the development of materials on disability in Leningrad (data for 1918-1919). The table below shows how much each worker loses on average annual units of labor, depending on working conditions in hazardous industries (degree of disability).

The table shows that inhalation of lead dust causes a loss due to early disability, almost twice as much as inhalation of inorganic dust. If we add to this that the losses calculated by the same method by Professor Vigdorchik for invalids of free professions are equal to 3 years, and for housewives even only 1.84 years, then the significance of individual hazardous industries will become even clearer. The determination of hazardous industries in various types of work, the elucidation of the ways and methods of their impact on the living organism and the study of their consequences make it possible to establish the degree of importance of harmful industries for the health of the proletariat, to outline ways for their complete elimination or the most practically feasible improvement of harmful industries and, in extreme cases , - necessary compensations to workers.

The number of harmful industries is very large, and their nature is very diverse; it is completely impossible to list them completely (suffice it to point out that the number of professional poisons alone reaches several tens). To obtain general idea about hazardous industries, it is enough to familiarize yourself with their general classification (the group of hazards is not included here). Depending on the nature of the occurrence, hazardous industries should be divided into three main groups: 1) associated with the labor process, 2) associated with the production process (object, tools and product of labor) and 3) associated with the external environment of labor and production.

The hazards associated directly with the labor process include: 1) excessive duration of work; 2) excessive labor intensity (excessive load or excessive speed); 3) prolonged forced monotony of the body position (standing, sitting); 4) tension of the locomotor apparatus (ligaments, joints, tendons, etc.) and isolated muscle groups (for example, excessive load of individual muscles in loaders or hammerers, increased walking, fast small and monotonous movements of the hands or fingers during the work of packers, packers and etc.); 5) voltage central nervous system and higher mental functions; 6) strong emotional influences (for example, telephone operators, stenographers, representatives of higher intellectual professions, drivers, pilots, etc.); 7) tension of the respiratory organs (glassblowers, musicians on wind instruments, speakers, etc.); 8) tension of the sense organs (vision, hearing, etc.).

To the group of hazardous industries associated with production process primarily include:

A. Mechanical effects on the working tool, object or product of labor: 1) friction or pressure on the surface of the body, causing either atrophy, or hypertrophic changes, or inflammatory isolated processes (bones, muscles, mucous bag, skin); 2) body shaking caused by the tool used (for example, working with a pneumatic hammer, drill, etc.), or by shaking the floor of the room in which the work is done (for example, in weaving workshops), or by the movement of the place of work (for example, for drivers , car drivers, locomotive drivers, etc.); 3) industrial dust affecting the respiratory organs (in particular, the lungs), skin, eyes, mucous membranes, etc., primarily mechanically; if the dust is also toxic in nature, acting chemically, then it is both harmful and mechanical and chemical; 4) intense sound effects - the influence of noises that act purely mechanically on the organ of hearing through both air and bone transmission of sounds, which should be distinguished from the much less harmful active tension of the organ of hearing (the latter refers to the rubric placed above and to the tension of the sense organs).

B. This is followed by a group of hazards, combined according to a single hygienic principle under common name"meteorological factor". These include: 1) abnormal air temperature (excessively high, unusually low, unevenly distributed, fluctuating sharply); 2) an abnormal state of air currents (excessive movement of air, its complete stagnant immobility, frequent change of both); 3) excessive humidity or dryness of the air; 4) unfavorable combinations of temperature, humidity and air movement. Such a classification of meteorological hazards seems to be the most appropriate, because it strictly distinguishes between the individual most harmful moments, regardless of the place in which the work takes place. Indeed, it is hardly possible to consider, as many authors do, work in the open air, or underground, or above water, as harmful production, because each place of work serves as a source of the main hazards listed above.

C. This is followed by a group of hazards associated with the impact on the body of other types of energy: 1) electric current and 2) rays: a) infrared, or thermal (affecting the body in this case not by preliminary heating of the air, but by direct radiation, as, for example, when working at smelting furnaces, at steam hammers, in gutta, at furnaces, etc.); b) the visible part of the spectrum, or light rays (their direct impact is due to the production process, for example, when melting and casting metal, when working at glass melting furnaces, etc., and not as a result of irrational lighting); in) ultraviolet rays(when filming, during acetylene and electric welding, etc.); d) x-rays; e) radium rays, etc.

This also includes harmful industries that act on the body chemically: 1) caustic and irritating substances that act on tissues directly at the point of contact (acids, alkalis, various solvents, etc.), and 2) have a general toxic effect on the body after their entry into the bloodstream.

D. Finally, there are some harms associated with sources, which themselves are organized in nature, being living beings. In these cases, we are dealing with hazards characterized by biological method impact. These include: 1) the danger of bites and bruises by animals and people (among workers in slaughterhouses, shepherds, laboratory and zoological gardeners, veterinarians, personnel psychiatric hospitals etc.); 2) anthrax infection when working with wool and rags; 3) the risk of contracting skin diseases when collecting and processing rags and in sewing workshops; 4) tuberculosis and general infection in persons in contact with cadaveric material; 5) helminthic disease (ankylostomiasis) in miners; 6) infection with syphilis in doctors, glassblowers, nurses, etc.

The last group of hazards includes the impact of the general sanitary situation at work, associated not so much with the production process itself, but with the arrangement of the working premises or the characteristics of the place of work (even if the latter was characteristic of certain labor processes). These include: 1) insufficient cubic capacity of air per worker (excessive crowding of workers in one room); 2) absence natural light or defects in the area of ​​lighting (working in complete darkness, for example, in film laboratories, working with excessively intense lighting, for example, in a film studio, working in low light, with excessive brightness and brilliance, with a sharp difference in illumination within the working area, etc.). P.); 3) heating defect; 4) other defects in the device and maintenance, premises. Finally, this should also include such hazards as the adverse effect of atmospheric conditions when working outdoors (the effect of rain, wind, bad weather, etc.) and abnormal atmospheric pressure - as low (when working in high layers of the atmosphere, for example, in the mountains during the extraction of stones and ores, during flights, etc.), and increased (for example, when working in caissons, during diving, etc.).

Not always a dangerous craft is associated with a risk to life. There are specialties that can significantly worsen well-being and shorten life expectancy. Below is a list of the ten most unhealthy professions in the world.

Occupational diseases of the welder should be considered vision problems and chronic lower back pain. If the employee has dealt with gas welding or worked in various gas environments, problems with the lungs are also possible.

The profession of a bus driver is harmless only at first glance. This is a sedentary job. The driver is also required to psychological stress, because he needs not to be distracted from the management process vehicle. Complexity is added by interaction with a large number of people for whose lives he is fully responsible.

Irregular working hours, especially during combat operations. The highest psychological load requires a contract soldier to have a huge emotional stability. characteristic diseases here is rheumatism, all kinds of damage to connective tissues, bone fractures, etc.

Astronaut

This truly heroic profession has not lost its complexity as rocket technology has improved. Astronauts being in an unnatural environment long time, experience constant loads literally on the whole body. Staying in weightlessness causes muscle atrophy, in addition, outer space has high level radiation.

The metallurgist works in hot and dusty workshops. It is exposed to the constant threat of all kinds of burns and damage due to careless handling of heavy metal products.

Here they acquire a whole bunch of diseases typical for workers in hazardous industries - from problems with the mucous membrane to severe chemical burns.

Cement factory worker

The main damage comes from dust. Indeed, the composition of cement includes various additives and additives that are clearly not conducive to longevity when they are inhaled. It should be noted that during long-term work at enterprises with violations of labor protection, workers are guaranteed bronchitis or serious problems with vision.

By themselves, cellulose and paper are low-toxic, however, caustic alkalis and toxic chlorine are used to extract them. An employee of such production is subject to the threat of chemical burns or poisoning with vapors of toxic substances.

The production of such materials and substances is associated with the use of a large number of toxic components. Workers in paint shops often have problems with the lungs and mucous membranes. Because of this, over time, they develop concomitant allergies, asthma and respiratory tract burns are also possible.

Miner

Employees mining industry usually found in a dusty mine or quarry. Constant dampness and widespread dust, extremely high physical exercise, frequent lack of normal lighting and routine monotonous activity not in the best way affects the health and psyche of an employee of this difficult profession.

Share on social networks