There are one thousand one hundred cities in Russia. This is the latest census data. 12 millionaire cities, 25 major cities, where more than five hundred thousand people live and 36, in which there are less than half a million people.

The rest have a population even less. It is worth noting that almost 800 cities have the status of small ones. But in which of the cities is it most difficult to breathe? What is the most environmentally polluted?

In the list of the 35 most environmentally polluted settlements on the planet, most of the positions are occupied by Russian cities. The main causes of pollution are emissions industrial enterprises and coal mines, as well as automobile exhausts. Among the dirtiest cities in Russia is Moscow, and it is especially noted for its southern part, there are also in the "black list" St. Petersburg, Norilsk, Volgograd, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod and others. In the air of these cities, the content of harmful impurities is ten times higher than the maximum allowable standards. Naturally, this shortens the life of citizens, greatly undermines health and worsens the quality of life.

Nothing to breathe

Most dirty city in Russia - Norilsk. It is a city with a population of only two hundred and one thousand people. Norilsk is one of the largest Russian cities. The city lives by the mining and metallurgical company "Norilsk Nickel" - this is a city-forming enterprise. It's no secret that this particular city is called largest center countries for the extraction of nickel, copper, palladium, cobalt, osmium, gold, platinum, silver, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. The facility produces approximately 35 percent of the world's palladium, as well as 25 percent of platinum, 20 percent of nickel and 10 percent of cobalt. Along with these metals, the Norilsk Nickel company extracts technical sulfur, selenium, sulfuric acid and tellurium. It turns out that almost half of the periodic table is mined in one small town.

Many environmentalists argue that Norilsk is on the verge of ecological disaster. Here, dozens, and sometimes even hundreds of times, all the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances are exceeded. A significant indicator, perhaps, is the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. That's 2 percent of the world's emissions. And that's just in one place! Every day, all mining enterprises emit into the air especially toxic substances, and with gusts of wind, some of them fall into the territory of the city. That is, the particles are inhaled by the inhabitants of the city every second. For example, the concentration of formaldehyde in the air is 120 times higher than the maximum allowable, sulfur dioxide is 36 times higher, and nitrogen dioxide is 28 times higher. However, not only people suffer, but plants and soil. Specialists examined the fauna around dispensaries and sanatoriums - the dose was exceeded several times there heavy metals in fungi and plants. For a clear example, near the dispensary "Vasilek" in mushrooms, the norm of lead is three times higher, zinc is 190 times higher and copper is 246 times higher, the "overdose" of harmful substances in blueberries is slightly less.

Men living in Norilsk have an average life expectancy of 45 years. A little more for women. For many citizens, life is complicated by serious illnesses, such as bronchial asthma. Oncological diseases are also widespread in Norilsk. Well, the worst thing is that it is in this city that most babies are already born with psychological and physical defects.

However, the culprit of environmental pollution is not only mining metallurgy and enterprises. Norilsk is located beyond the Arctic Circle, where average temperature in January is minus 31 degrees. And the period of persistent frost lasts 280 days a year. It turns out that in such cold weather the city constantly needs heating, both residential buildings and enterprises. The rooms are heated with coal or gas.

Men, workers of a metallurgical plant, retire on reaching the age of 45. But, experts say, this age is considered honorable and few live to see it. Many, in order to avoid torment, simply take their own lives. Hard work, a small salary by northern standards, serious illnesses of relatives, and, most importantly, newborn babies. Plus, the taste of sulfur in the mouth every day.

Potentially dangerous

Another city in Russia, which is on the "black list" of environmentalists. This is Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region. A city with a developed chemical industry. During the Cold War, chemical weapons were produced in the city of chemists, so the environment was contaminated with lead, phenol, and sarin. Industrial enterprises leave heavy metal vapors in the air, and this causes irreparable harm to the residents of not only Dzerzhinsk, but also regional center Nizhny Novgorod. After all, dirt in huge quantities goes to the capital of the Volga region and fills the atmosphere with carcinogens.

Emissions without demand

Two more cities in Russia from the list of the dirtiest are on Far East. These are Dalnegorsk and Rudnaya Pristan. Residents here suffer from lead poisoning. This happens because of the old metallurgical plant, as well as the imperfect and, as a result, dangerous method of transporting lead concentrate.

Wind in Norilsk

In the city, enterprises are periodically thrown out harmful substances. Because of this, the air is far from ideal, often, local residents are not aware of emissions.

The perpetrators are found

source negative impact for people's health and environment, experts say, are not only industrial emissions, but also automobile transport. It accounts for more than 40 percent of all emissions. According to Rospotrebnadzor, about 12-13 million tons are emitted per year. It is not difficult to guess where the harmful substances then settle.

In Russia, an average of 58 percent of the urban population is exposed to high levels of air pollution. In Astrakhan, Orenburg, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Samara regions, Khabarovsk, Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk territories, Chuvash Republic already 75 percent of the population of urban districts are affected. And 100 percent of the impact is felt by the residents of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

There are also regions where people do not suffer much from polluted air, that is, they are environmentally friendly. These are the republics of Karelia and North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kostroma, Moscow, Leningrad, Murmansk, Pskov, Novgorod, Smolensk, Yaroslavl, Tambov regions, as well as the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
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99% of scientists agree that the climate on Earth is changing at a tremendous rate, faster than they can analyze it. The remaining percentage of scientists are paid generous subsidies by oil and other industrial companies to cover up the shameful consequences of their activities. Carbon dioxide is just one of many causes global change climate. Much more serious problem is methane - it is about 17 times more toxic than carbon dioxide.

As glaciers in the oceans melt, methane is released, which has been hidden in them for millions of years in the form of frozen plants. If all of Greenland's 2.3 cubic kilometers of glaciers melted, world sea levels would rise by 7.2 meters, and the 100 most populated cities in the world would be completely under water. It is not yet known how long it will take for the world's second-largest ice sheet to melt, but the worst part is that the largest glacier - Antarctica - has already begun to melt.

Behind last years Huge amounts of hazardous waste have entered the Earth's atmosphere. Industry and fuel companies destroy Natural resources, cut down forests and release deadly substances into the atmosphere. There are places on Earth that, it seems, nothing will help, only time.

10. Agbogbloshi, Ghana - e-waste dump.

Most of the electronics we throw away are likely to end up in a huge, burning landfill in Ghana. There is a horrendous mercury content here, 45 times more than is allowed in the US. More than 250,000 citizens of Ghana live in dangerous conditions for health and life. This is especially true of those whose job it is to dig through this dump in search of metals to be recycled.

9. Norilsk, Russia - mines and metallurgy.

Once there were camps for enemies of the people, and now it is the second largest city beyond the Arctic Circle. The first mines appeared here in the 1930s, when no one thought about ecology. It is home to the world's largest heavy metal smelting complex, which releases about two million tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere every year. Miners in Norilsk live ten years less than the world average. This is one of the most polluted places in Russia: even the snow tastes of sulfur and is black. Sulfur dioxide emissions cause diseases such as lung cancer.

8. Niger Delta, Nigeria - oil spills.

About two million barrels of oil are pumped out of this zone every day. About 240,000 barrels end up in the Niger Delta. From 1976 to 2001, about seven thousand cases of oil spills in the river were recorded here, and most of this oil was never collected. The spills heavily polluted the air, resulting in the formation of carcinogens such as polycyclic hydrocarbons. A 2013 study estimated that pollution caused by spills has a huge impact on crops of cereal crops, which led to an increase in digestive disorders in children by 24%. Other consequences of the oil spill also include cancer and infertility.

7. Matanza Riachuelo, Argentina - industrial pollution.

Some 15,000 companies are dumping toxic waste directly into the Matanza Riachuelo River, which flows through Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The people who live there have almost no sources of pure drinking water. There is a high level of diseases associated with diarrhea, oncology and respiratory diseases, which reaches 60% among the 20 thousand people living on the banks of the river.

6. Hazaribagh, Bangladesh - leather production.

About 95% of the registered tanneries in Bangladesh are located in Hazaribagh, a district in the capital Dhaka. Here, outdated and banned in other countries methods of leather dressing are used, not to mention the fact that all these industries emit about 22 thousand cubic liters of toxic chemicals into the largest river. The hexavalent chromium found in this waste causes cancer. Residents are forced to put up with high levels of respiratory and skin diseases as well as acid burns, nausea, dizziness and itching.

5. Valley of the river Chitarum, Indonesia - industrial and domestic pollution.

The level of mercury in the river is more than a thousand times higher than the standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Additional research has revealed extremely high levels of toxic metals, including manganese, iron and aluminum. Indonesia's capital, Jakarta, is a city of 10 million people. The valley of the Chitarum River is covered with a large amount of various toxic waste - industrial and domestic, which is dumped directly into the waters of the river. Fortunately, the country's authorities have taken the initiative to clean up the river, which will be funded by a $500 million loan from the Asian Development Bank.

4. Dzerzhinsk, Russia - chemical production.

300,000 tons of hazardous chemical waste was dumped in and around the city from 1930 to 1998. In 2007, Dzerzhinsk entered the Guinness Book of Records as the most poisonous city on the planet. In water samples, levels of phenols and dioxins were found, thousands of times higher than the norm. These substances are directly linked to cancer and diseases leading to disability. In 2006, the average life expectancy for women here was 47 years, and for men - 42 years, with a population of 245 thousand people.

3. Chernobyl, Ukraine - an accident at a nuclear power plant.

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant holds the title of the most terrible nuclear disaster in history. The release of radiation as a result of the accident was about a hundred times greater than as a result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The outskirts of the city have been empty for over 20 years. It is believed that about 4 thousand cases of thyroid cancer, as well as mutations in newborns, are caused by the consequences of the disaster.

2. "Fukushima Daiichi", Japan - an accident at a nuclear power plant.

After strongest earthquake A 15-meter tsunami covered the cooling units and power of the three Fukushima reactors, which led to nuclear accident March 11, 2011. More than 280,000 tons of water with chemical waste are now being held at the power plant, and about 100,000 tons of water are believed to be in the basements of four reactors in the turbine shops. Rescue workers tried to send robots there, but they melted when they got too close. People in this area are at risk of getting sick most different types cancer. According to World Organization health, it is the most polluted place in the world. There is a 70% higher risk of getting thyroid cancer among girls who were exposed as children, a 7% higher risk of thyroid cancer among boys, and a 6% higher risk of breast cancer in women.

1. Lake Karachay, Russia.

It is believed that Lake Karachay is the dirtiest place on Earth. It is located next to the Mayak production association, which produces components nuclear weapons, isotopes, is engaged in the storage and regeneration of spent nuclear fuel. This is the largest and one of the least efficient such industries in Russia. It has been throwing waste into the river that flows into Lake Karachay since the 1950s. The place was kept secret until the mid-1990s. There have been several nuclear accidents at the factory, and toxic waste has entered the lake. Before the authorities recognized these facts, among the population Chelyabinsk region cases of leukemia increased by 40%, birth defects by 25% and cancer by 20%. Enough exposure for one hour at the lake to die.

We have a bad attitude towards the planet that gave us life, feeds us and gives us all means of subsistence. A person very often tries with all his might to turn his habitat into a stinking garbage dump. And he usually succeeds. Forests are cut down and animals are destroyed, rivers are polluted with toxic effluents, and the oceans are turned into garbage dumps.

Some of the cities we live in look like an illustration from a horror movie. They have multi-colored puddles, stunted trees and air saturated with toxic emissions. People in such cities do not live long, children get sick, and the smell of exhaust gases becomes a familiar aroma.

Our country is no different in this regard. industrial countries. Cities where chemical or any other harmful production is developed are a sad sight. We have compiled a list for you, which includes the dirtiest cities in Russia. Some of them can be said to be in a real ecological disaster. But the authorities do not care about this, and the locals seem to have become accustomed to living in such conditions.

Long time the dirtiest city in Russia Dzerzhinsk was considered Novgorod region. This settlement used to produce chemical weapons, it was closed to the outside world. Over decades of such activity, so many different chemical rubbish has accumulated in the soil that local residents rarely live to be 45 years old. However, we make our list based on Russian system calculation, and it takes into account only harmful substances in the atmosphere. Soil and water are not taken into account.

Our list opens with a city that throughout its short history has been strongly associated with metallurgy, heavy industry and the exploits of the first five-year plans. The city is home to the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, the largest such enterprise in Russia. It accounts for most of the harmful emissions that poison the lives of citizens. In total, about 255 thousand tons of harmful substances enter the city air annually. Agree, a huge number. Numerous filters are installed at the plant, but they help little, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and soot in the air exceeds the norm several times.

In ninth place on our list is another Siberian city. Although Angarsk is considered quite prosperous, but ecological situation sad here. The chemical industry is extremely developed in Angarsk. Oil is actively processed here, there are many machine-building enterprises, they also harm nature, and in addition, there is a plant in Angarsk that processes uranium and spent fuel from nuclear power plants. Neighborhood with such a plant has not yet added health to anyone. Every year, 280,000 tons of toxic substances enter the city air.

In eighth place is another Siberian city, the atmosphere of which annually receives 290,000 tons of harmful substances. Most of them are emitted by stationary sources. However, more than 30% of emissions come from cars. Do not forget that Omsk is large city with a population of over 1.16 million.

Industry began to develop rapidly in Omsk after the war, as dozens of enterprises from the European part of the USSR were evacuated here. Now in the city a large number of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry and mechanical engineering. All of them pollute the city air.

This city is one of the centers of Russian metallurgy. Many of the enterprises have outdated equipment and seriously poison the air. The largest metallurgical enterprise in the city is the Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Works, which is also the main air pollutant. In addition, the coal industry is quite developed in the region, which also produces a lot of harmful emissions. Residents of the city consider bad ecological situation in the city - one of its main problems.

This city is home to Europe's largest metallurgical plant (NLMK), which emits great amount contaminants. In addition to him, there are several other large enterprises in Lipetsk that are contributing to the deterioration environmental conditions in the locality.

Every year, 322 thousand tons of various harmful substances enter the city air. If the wind blows from the side of the metallurgical plant, then a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide is felt in the air. True, it should be noted that in recent years the company has taken certain steps to reduce harmful emissions, but there are no results yet.

Asbestos

Fifth on our list dirtiest cities in Russia located Ural locality. As it becomes clear from the name of this city, asbestos is mined and processed in it, and silicate brick is also produced. Here is the world's largest plant that extracts asbestos. And it was these enterprises that brought the city to the brink of ecological disaster.

More than 330 thousand tons of substances hazardous to human health are emitted into the air every year, most of these emissions are stationary sources. 99% of them are accounted for by one enterprise. You can also add that asbestos dust is very dangerous and can cause cancer.

This city is home to giant chemical and metallurgical plants: Cherepovets Azot, Severstal, Severstal-Metiz, and Ammofos. Every year, they emit about 364,000 tons of substances hazardous to human health into the air. The city has a very high number of diseases of the respiratory system, heart and oncological diseases.

The situation is especially worse in spring and autumn.

In third place on our list is the city of St. Petersburg, in which there are no large industrial enterprises or especially hazardous industries. However, here the matter is different: there are a very large number of cars in the city and most of the emissions are car exhaust gases.

The traffic in the city is poorly organized, cars often stand idle in traffic jams, while poisoning the air. The share of vehicles accounts for 92.8% of all harmful emissions into the air of the city. Every year, 488.2 thousand tons of harmful substances enter the air, and this is much more than in cities with developed industry.

The second place in terms of environmental pollution is the capital Russian Federation- Moscow city. There are no large and dangerous industries here, no coal or heavy metals are mined, but every year about 1,000 thousand tons of substances harmful to humans are emitted into the air of a huge metropolis. The main source of these emissions are cars, they account for 92.5% of all harmful substances in the Moscow air. Cars pollute the air especially heavily during many hours of standing in traffic jams.

The situation is getting worse every year. If the situation continues to develop, it will soon be impossible to breathe in the capital.

First on our list most polluted cities in Russia, with a very large margin is the city of Norilsk. This settlement, which is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, has been a leader among the most unfavorable in terms of ecology for many years. Russian cities. This is recognized not only by domestic experts, but also by foreign environmentalists. Many of them consider Norilsk a zone ecological disaster. In the last few years, the city has become one of the leaders most polluted areas on the planet.

The reason for this situation is quite simple: the Norilsk Nickel enterprise is located in the city, which is the main polluter. In 2010, 1,923,900 tons of hazardous waste was released into the air.

Studies conducted several years ago showed that the level of heavy metals, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid exceeds the safe level by several times. In total, the researchers counted 31 harmful substances, the concentration of which exceeds the permissible norm. Plants and living things are slowly dying. In Norilsk, the average life expectancy is ten years less than the national average.

The dirtiest city in Russia - video:

The Russian authorities are considering the issue of ratification by our country of the Espoo Convention - international agreement on cross-border control harmful effects on the environment. The document was adopted in the Finnish city of Espoo on February 25, 1991, signed Soviet Union June 6, 1991, but has not yet been ratified.

The Convention controls the construction of large-scale facilities that can harm the environment, including in border states. It describes the procedure for assessing environmental impact, the obligations of states that implement "dangerous" projects, the rights of residents to request information and conduct public hearings.

The document was taken out of a deep box after Dmitry Medvedev's order to ratify the Convention, which came out of the Administration in June 2011. Now a positive conclusion is being passed through the departments concerned, and not everyone is ready to support the president's initiative. For example, the Ministry of Economic Development in its response agreed with the importance of the convention, but believes that the Russian legal system does not comply with international practice - we will have to amend a number of laws ("On Ecological Expertise", "On Environmental Protection" and others). In addition, after ratification, Russia will lose its competitive advantages in "harmful" industries, because costs will increase. Now Russia's main competitors in hazardous industries are non-members of the Asia-Pacific region, and Russia will give them an additional advantage if it commits to comply with the Espoo Convention.

However, a direct order from the president is unlikely to be ignored. The main executor, the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, has already prepared positive feedback on the decision to ratify the document. Which sectors and projects may be affected by the Espoo Convention - in our slideshow.

nuclear burial grounds

Since 1994, Finland has been discussing a project for a repository for the final disposal of nuclear waste.

The project was named Onkalo (Finnish for 'cave'). It's about about a mine 500 meters deep, carved into the rock of the island of Olkiluoto (Finnish coast of the Gulf of Bothnia). The project is already ready, now the mine is being drilled, the construction itself should begin in 2015.

Supporters of the project say it is the only way disposal of nuclear waste that does not require human intervention. Rock burial could last 100,000 years, the length of time spent fuel is toxic.

Critics fear that radioactive substances along with groundwater will enter the ecosystem and food chains. Besides, natural disasters can destroy the burial site, and thousands of tons of waste will come to the surface.

The implementation of the Onkalo project directly affects Russia, after the ratification of the Convention, our country will be able to participate more actively in the discussion of construction.

Storage

Temporary burials are no less dangerous. In early March 2012, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted a decision on the disposal of nuclear waste in the territory of the exclusion zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

In the future, this waste could be used for a "new generation radio station," Ukrainian experts say.

Martin

The smoke of the open-hearth furnace of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works.

Open-hearth furnace - a design created in the 19th century; the heat in the furnace is maintained by the movement of a mixture of hot gas and air. A building with an open-hearth furnace can be distinguished from afar due to the characteristic red tint of smoke, which contains fractions of various metals. Now metallurgical industries are gradually abandoning open-hearth furnaces in favor of electric steelmaking.

Blast furnace

When iron is smelted in old blast furnaces, the so-called "blast furnace gas", coal and iron dust, and slags are released. It is because of such choices that metallurgy is considered one of the most dangerous ecological point view of the commodity industries.

Modern steel mills are replacing traditional blast furnaces with coke-free ones (coke is no longer used as a fuel). Modern kilns use dust collectors and aspiration dust cleaning systems.

Shelf

Oil and gas production in offshore fields is dangerous ecological balance in the coastal waters of the seas and oceans. In addition, there is a risk of depressurization of wells and oil and gas ingress into water, and food chain- in the body of fish, marine animals and humans. good example danger of offshore production was the explosion of 2010 on oil platform Deewater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico (pictured).

Oil refining

Wastewater from oil refineries and petrochemicals is a major environmental hazard. These are highly toxic effluents that are not treated by traditional methods. At most Russian enterprises, cleaning is carried out in three stages: mechanical (from large particles), physical and chemical (water neutralization), biological (cleaning from dissolved impurities). Part of the water is reused in the water supply of factories, but something is still released into the environment. Therefore, in areas of intensive oil production and processing, subsidence of the earth's surface, salinization of soil and groundwater, as well as toxic mists and smog.

Cellulose

Digestion and bleaching of cellulose is carried out using sodium hydroxide and sulfide, chlorine and lye. Wastewater from pulp and paper mills is a source of air and groundwater pollution. For example, the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill is notorious for being the main polluter of Lake Baikal.

Household waste

The burning of municipal solid waste (MSW), pesticides and herbicides, as well as dead animals is dangerous due to the release of various mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressant substances, such as dioxions. That is why, according to Russian sanitary standards, it is impossible to build waste incinerators at a distance of less than 1 kilometer from residential areas. In addition, harmful substances accumulate in the biosphere, which affects the quality of water, air and products.

hydroelectric power plants

Today almost everyone major rivers Russia and Europe built at least one hydroelectric power station (HPP). HPPs are dangerous because they have a significant impact on the world around them: they flood large territories, change the hydrological and temperature regime of the area, silt up the bottom of rivers and reservoirs, reduce the population of fish and river animals.

Chemical plants

All chemical production, regardless of the profile, can pose an environmental hazard. In the photo - one of the dirtiest Russian chemical plants, Togliattiazot. This is one of the oldest Russian ammonia producers. Recently, this plant is increasingly violated environmental Safety but the business continues to operate.

Closed systems for the treatment and disposal of waste liquids and gases must be built at chemical plants; the concentration of such hazardous substances at modern plants is controlled by special sensors.

Well-run factories are essential to the success of any light industrial company and even to the health of the economy as a whole. Companies can monopolize an entire market by skillfully identifying a product in demand and building a factory that specializes in its mass production.

While a plant is a huge investment of money with equally extensive maintenance costs, these plants are used for mass production and sale, keeping the final cost to a minimum. Not only do these companies save money on price, their factories also allow them to create jobs, although not at the highest levels. salaries, especially if they are built near cities.

Walmart is the most famous and largest convenience store in the United States. The company has a large number of huge distribution centers that serve 11,088 stores in their network. Walmart's rival, well-known Target, has four distribution centers for imported goods that supply the entire network. necessary quantity imported goods. Hyundai and Volkswagen have the largest car factories in the world, through which they maintain their competitiveness in the market by constantly expanding and increasing their production.

These institutions and companies, which have the largest factories in the world, usually also own the most famous and influential brands in the world. Below are the fifteen largest factories in the world and the brands behind them.

15. NASA Vehicle Assembly Building

The vertical assembly building, located between Miami and Jacksonville (Jacksonville), is the largest one-story building in the world.

It was built in 1966 to properly assemble the Saturn V rocket used for the Apollo program. The building covers an area of ​​32,374 square meters, and its impressive volume is 3.66 million cubic meters. The height of the building is 160 meters, and the area it occupies is 3.25 hectares. This assembly building also has some of the most impressive features in the world, making it stand out from other similar buildings. The building has four doors 139 meters high, which are gigantic by any standards, in addition there are 71 cranes and more than 98,000 tons of steel.

14. Shipyard "Meyer Werft Dockhalle 2"


Meyer Werft is one of the largest shipyards located in Germany.

This company was founded in 1795 and on its territory is one of the largest shipyards in the world - "Dockhalle 2". This shipyard covers an impressive area of ​​63,000 square meters and is mainly used for the construction of cruise ships. This covered dry dock is 504 meters long, 125 meters wide and 75 meters high. Among the ships built at this plant, the following can be distinguished: Norwegian Star (Norwegian Star), Norwegian Dawn (Norwegian Dawn), Radiance of the Seas, Brilliance of the Seas ), "AIDAbella" (AIDAbella) and "Pearl of Norway" (Norwegian Jewel).

13. Aerium (Aerium)


Aerium is a rebuilt factory, which was originally supposed to be a boathouse. The Nazis built this huge building in the early years of World War II to develop their military base.

They occupied the building until 1945 when the Red Army captured it. The Soviet army increased the runway from 1,000 to 25,000 meters. As a result, the building became great place to store fighter jets. In 1994, after the reunification of Germany, the group of Soviet troops in Germany returned the base to the German government. Two years later, a company called "CargoLifter" purchased the building to build airships.

Unfortunately, the company went bankrupt after six years. The building was sold to a Malaysian company who used it to build a tropical theme park.

12 Constellation Bristol


"Constellation Bristol" is the dream of any connoisseur of wine, as this building is the largest storage of beer and wine in Vira. The storage area is as much as 78967 square meters. "Constellation Bristol" holds an amazing amount of alcohol, namely 35961 cubic meters. This is comparable in size to 14 Olympic swimming pools.

The vault contains 57 million bottles of wine, which is approximately 15 percent of the entire UK wine market. The building took three years and £100 million to complete. The store produces approximately 800 bottles per minute, that's 6,000,000 bottles daily.

11. Tesco Ireland Distribution Center


This distribution center is the largest building in Ireland. It opened in 2007. The area of ​​the center, which stores food and electrical goods, is 80,194 square meters. This building is just huge. Its length is almost 805 meters, due to which it will take the average person about 12 minutes to walk from one end to the other.

The Tesco Center is also equipped with 100 loading ramps and cost 70 million euros to build.

10 Lauma Fabrics


Lauma Fabrics specializes in the production of lace and lingerie materials. It also produces elastic bands and fabric. As one of the largest companies in the industry, Lauma Fabrics has one of the largest factories in the world.

The length of the plant is as much as 225 meters, the width is 505 meters, and the area occupied by it is 115,645 square meters. The construction of the plant began in 1965 in the city of Liepaja (Liepāja) in Latvia, at a time when the unemployment rate in the country was quite high. Initially, the plant was called "Ladies' Toiletries Factory", but later, in 1965, the name of the plant changed to "Lauma Fabrics".

9. Jean-Luc Lagardère Plant


The Jean-Luc Lagardère plant is primarily used as a final assembly line for the $428 million 800-seat Airbus A380. The factory is located in Toulouse-Blagnac. The final assembly line is 470 meters long and covers an area of ​​122,500 square meters.

Individual parts of the Airbus A380 are manufactured in various locations, including Spain, the UK, Germany and France. These parts are then brought to Jean-Luc Lagardère's factory for final assembly. The assembled Airbus is being tested at the same plant. With a total area of ​​200 hectares, the plant also includes the company's restaurants, a full-scale aircraft fuel plant, and 20 hectares of runways.

8. Warehouse of imported goods of the "Target" network


Target is the second largest network retail stores reduced prices in the US, so the company simply needs a huge warehouse for imported goods. Of all the chain's warehouses, Targets Import Warehouse is the largest and covers a total area of ​​185,800 square meters.

The company built this warehouse to distribute imported goods to its internal distribution centers. It is understandable why the company needed such a large building for this purpose: the Target network has 1,934 stores located throughout North America. Stores are constantly in need of new supplies to ensure that visitors are always satisfied. In addition to this warehouse, the company has three more, although they are not as huge as this one.

7. Assembly plant in Belvidire (Belvidere Assembly Plant)


Assembly plant in Belvidir, located in Illinois, USA. It is owned by Chrysler, which makes such car brands as Jeep Compass, Jeep Patriot and Dodge Dart. This plant also assembled cars that are no longer in production, such as the Dodge Caliber, Chrysler Imperial, Dodge Dynasty, Chrysler New Yorker and Plymouth Neon.

The factory covers an area of ​​330,000 square meters. It is 700 meters long and 300 meters wide. It is located on an area of ​​114 hectares. The workforce is largely made up of robots, of which there are more than 780 in the body shop alone.

6. Mitsubishi Motors North America Building


Mitsubishi Motors North America, founded in 1981, manages the production, sales and development of Mitsubishi vehicles in the US, Mexico, the West Indies and Canada through a well-established network of over 700 car dealers.

In order to keep up with demand, the company built this huge 220,000 square meter plant, which mainly manufactures Mitsubishi Outlander brand cars. It also manufactures other car brands such as Mitsubishi Galant, Eclipse, Eclipse Spyder, Endeavor and Chrysler Sebring. This huge plant is located in Normal, Illinois.

5. Boeing Factory in Everett


Everett, Washington is home to the largest Boeing plant in the world. The Boeing plant in Everett covers an astonishingly large area of ​​398,000 square meters. The territory related to the plant is 39.7 hectares. This is where the Boeing 747, 767 and 777 are manufactured. It is also where the recently launched 787 Dreamliner is assembled.

Construction of the plant began in 1966 after Pan American World Airways placed an order for 25 Boeing 747s worth $525 million. This plant also has Tully's cafeterias, a theater and a Boeing store. The company also conducts tours of " Aviation Center Future of Flight” (Future of Flight Aviation Center), as well as Boeing tours.

4. Tesla Factory


Elon Musk's Tesla Company has been on everyone's lips lately. Tesla Motors specializes exclusively in the production of electric vehicles and components for electric road trains. This sprawling automotive manufacturing facility is located in Fremont, California and covers an area of ​​510,000 square meters.

The company did not build this plant from scratch. Instead, it purchased a plant formerly owned by General Motors and Toyota, known as New United Motor Manufacturing. Tesla Motors is rumored to have paid $42 million for it and took over in 2010. This plant produces electric vehicles such as Tesla Model S, Model 3, Model X and Roadster.

3. Aalsmeer Flower Auction Building

The flower auction building in Aalsmeer is not really an industrial plant, however, it is the largest building in the world in terms of its space. It covers a huge area of ​​518,000 square meters. The building hosts the world's largest flower auction. The building is 740 meters long and 700 meters wide.

In this building, 25 million flowers are bought and sold daily from countries such as Kenya, Colombia, Ethiopia and Ecuador. The building is located on a plot of 98 hectares and is supposedly the most fragrant building in the world. All flowers are checked for defects before being sold. AT holidays sales are greatly increased. The peak falls on International Women's Day and Valentine's Day.

2. Hyundai Motor Company's Ulsan plant


Hyundai Motor's factory in Ulsan covers an area of ​​5,050,000 square meters. This South Korean plant as a whole covers an area of ​​496 hectares. There are five separate factories in this square, which collectively produce one car every 12 seconds. This is equivalent to 1.53 million vehicles per year.

This building is so huge that it has its own hospital, fire department, road network, and even a sewer treatment plant. Wastewater. Hyundai Motor's plant in Ulsan also boasts over 500,000 trees and its own marina that can accommodate three 50,000-ton cargo ships at the same time.

1. Volkswagen's Wolfsburg Plant


Over the years, more than 40 million have been produced at the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg. It is the largest automobile plant in the world, covering an area of ​​6,500,000 square meters. This impressive plant is so huge that workers are allowed to ride bicycles to get around it. Another interesting fact about this plant is that workers can work on assembling five cars at the same time without any reduction in efficiency or quality of work.

The plant also boasts the largest paint shop in Europe, equipped with the latest technology. This is the first paint shop to use environmentally friendly water-based paint.