b sign in various parts of speech rule. Spelling of the soft sign

In the lesson, you will get acquainted with the plan for parsing the participle as a part of speech, repeat the signs of the participle (permanent and non-permanent) and its syntactic role. You can also make your own morphological analysis several participles and test (consolidate) your knowledge.

Theme: Communion

Lesson: Morphological parsing of participles

The morphological analysis of the participle includes the allocation of permanent and non-permanent features.

Permanent, unchanging signs are verbal signs: type, time, voice; and inconstant signs are the signs of the adjective: full or short form, number, gender, case.

I. Indicate the part of speech.

II. Morphological features.

1. initial form(Im.p., singular, male).

2. Permanent signs:

1) real or passive;

3. Non-permanent signs:

1) full or short form (for passive participles);

4) case (for participles in full form).

Sh. syntax function.

solitary monastery, illuminated the rays of the sun seemed to float in the air ...

I. Illuminated (monastery) - participle, denotes a sign of an object by action.

II. Morphological features. 1. Initial form - illumined

2. Permanent signs:

1) passive participle;

2) past tense;

3) perfect look.

3. Non-permanent signs:

1) full form;

2) singular;

3) masculine;

4) nominative case.

III. syntax function.

The sentence is the agreed definition.

Homework

Exercise number 131.Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

Exercise. Write the text by inserting punctuation marks. Make a morphological analysis of participles.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is a famous landscape painter who depicted the beauty of nature in his paintings. The contemporaries called the ingenious artist, who painted mainly pine oak, the most powerful and highest forests, the hero of the Russian forest. The work of the artist, who deeply and devotedly loved Russian nature, was connected with our region. Remarkable landscapes depicting the views of the Yelabuga environs continue to live on the canvases of the painter.

Russian language. Participle.

Didactic materials. Section "Communion"

3. Online store of the publishing house "Lyceum" ().

Spelling of participles. Exercises.

Literature

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.

2. Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. etc. “Russian language. 7th grade". Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.

3. “Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". Ed. Pimenova S.N. 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.

4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.

Topic: Spelling b in words different parts speech.

5th grade.

2012/13 academic year.

Lesson Objectives:

consolidate the studied rules for using b in words of different parts of speech;

develop thinking, memory, the ability to defend one's point of view, analyze the answers of comrades;

cultivate love for the Russian language.

Know : conditions for choosing the spelling b in words of different parts of speech - nouns of the 2nd and 3rd declensions, short adjectives, adverbs, verbs.

Be able to: know how to act when choosing a spelling

Creating a problem situation.

Kolya and Vitya argued at the blackboard at recess.

BUT On the desk it is written: Learns(?)sya, learns(?)sya, takes care(?), from tasks(?), good(?)

- In all these words it is necessary to write a soft sign, - says Kolya.

- No, don't, - Vitya disagrees.

- No, you must!

- No, don't!

How would you judge their dispute?

What theme unites the written words?

What are these words?

What will be discussed in the lesson? Guessed?

A postman came to our lesson. Let's hear what he has to say to us.

Postman:

Here, friends, lies a treasure

And treasures lie.

And guess what

But don't open the letter.

The caption is sly,

What does the letter contain.

On the envelope written:

Where Spelling

To Use b in words of different parts of speech

You have chosen the topic of the lesson correctly.

Guys! Today you will have to listen to the opinion of Gramoteikin, because he is an expert in the Russian language and grammar rules.

Gramoteikin's lessons:

Grammar, grammar,

Science is very strict

I always take a grammar book with anxiety.

She is difficult, but without her

Life would be bad...

I love you grammar.

You are smart and strict.

You my grammar

I'll get by a little.

Gramoteikin's assistant - Slovoznaikin.

And, of course, the main persons in the lesson today are the letters Soft and Dividing soft sign and.

Spelling b after sizzling in end of words a.

One of the most important skills is to master the mode of action when choosing the spelling b.

Gramoteikin's lessons:

A soft sign after hissing asks for real knowledge.

Based on the scheme and the rhyming algorithm, tell us about the spelling of b in words with a hissing at the end.

On the desk:

fat, unit b

(she is one)

Cr. adj. b/

pl., m.p. b/

(many, mine)

Slovoznaykin:

In verbs and adverbs

The sign is always written.

And in short adjectives

He never exists.

Noun - A LOT

Noun - MY -

No sign needed.

And substitute SHE, ONE -

Always write a soft sign.

Digital dictation.

Designate with numbers: 1 - spelling b; 0 - b is not written.

Read the words with b, distributing them into parts of speech.

In what words did you not write b? Justify your answer.

Noun:

The sun came out from behind clouds.. .

Flying stones from steep.. .

past dacha.. striding rook...

past groves.. I carry borsch.. .

Adjective:

cactus always prickly...

Oak mighty...

A forest dense...

Flower good.. .

Well, our baby.. nice...

To a neighbor in a notebook take a look.. –

Mistake to myself pull.. .

Correct.. – correct .. those!

Leave.. – leave.. those!

So softly asks for a soft sign,

That cannot be denied.

10 dense..

13 pretty..

14 look..

15 drag..

16 fixes..

17 fix..te

19 stay..te

Remember: soft sign in words like take a look, take a look cannot denote the softness of an always hard sound w and is written according to tradition.

Spelling b in verbs with –ts and –tsya

Gramoteikin's lessons:

How can we be familiar with this?

Set it up or not?

It is necessary that the verbs themselves

People were given the answer.

How do you understand the words that the verbs themselves must give an answer, when they should be written -tsya, and when -tsya?

- Verbs that answer a question what to do? are always written with a soft sign.

Write examples for the rule. Explain the spelling of these verbs. Remember: very often with verbs in an indefinite form, the words must, should, can, cannot, it's time, etc. are used, from which the question is raised to the verb.

We are waiting for help from Slovoznaikin.

Slovoznaykin:

When choosing -tsya, -tsya in verbs you need:

1. Determine which word the verb refers to.

2. Put a question to the verb, determine its form, write down the ending.

Sample reasoning:

Lessons must be carefully get ready.

Determine which word the verb is associated with get ready.

We put a question from him: it is necessary (what's up be?) cook to be.

He is always ready for lessons.

He (what's up no?) cook tsya.

Let's say the student is an A studies.

He loves very much studies and from books does not hurt..sya.

Excellent person out of it will receive..sya.

Suppose the student sleeps all day and lazy..sya.

He studies does not want, at random expects.

Anyway, he is nowhere from teaching not going..sya. (E. Uspensky)

The check is carried out by the key:

b - - - b - -

Writing soft and separating soft sign in words.

Listen to the fable. Try to resolve the dispute of signs: are they needed; which one is more important and where should they be?

- Aren't you too kind? -

So he said to the sign of the Soft

Solid sign. -

Words and letters you always strive to soften.

No, you're not good for the alphabet!

- Who would say, but you would be silent! - The Soft Sign to the Hard one answered this .-

You are hard and rough

Like a knotty oak...

Gramoteikin's lessons:

- Friends! Your conversation is worthless words, -

I'll tell you:

- You are both good, both are worthy of honor,

When you are in the right place.

How do you understand the meaning of the last two lines of the fable? Tell us about the conditions for writing this sign in words.

Now listen to the poem "Dividing soft sign."

Find words with a separating soft sign. Write them down only.

Before E, Yo, Yu, I

I stand in the roots friends.

Sparrows, family, housing –

Before I, Yu, I, E, Yo.

Sparrows, housing, streams,

Leaves, wings, chairs, whose.

Stakes, feathers and family

Blizzard, autumn, friends.

Day, ding, dream, shadow,

Cheese, juice, elk, laziness,

Nose, brought in, dig, whine,

Kon, horse, noise, sew.

Can you tell me what words

Will you write a soft sign?

Horse Shelter

Remember: L is always kind and affectionate, all the time trying to soften everything. Here is such an interesting work of the Soft Sign.

And now let's look at the envelope that the postman brought.

Postman:

Guys! I accidentally dropped my envelope with words and lost the letter b in some words. Can you help me find her?

Handout material provided.

"Collect a proverb." On what topic are the proverbs chosen?

Insert where necessary, b. Read the proverb you like and explain its meaning.

Learns .. you won’t catch .. and a fish from the pond

Easily love and carry sleds

Love .. roll ..sya hands will not be taken away ..sya

From the work of the master is afraid..sya

Everything can’t be lazy ..sya will always come in handy ..sya

Yes, it’s unhealthy ..

Lazy always come in handy .. Xia

In the world and work is uplifted .. laziness

No one can live..

Every business is known by a person in a case .. Xia

He teaches literacy..sya and glorifies..sya

Without difficulty arguing .. Xia

1 option. Learning is always helpful. You can't even catch a fish from a pond without effort. If you like to ride - love to carry sleds. You can't live without hard work. A lazy person can’t do anything but be unwell. The work of the master is afraid.

Option 2. I'm lazy and too lazy to get up. In the world and work is argued. Every person is known by the case. Hands will not be taken away from work. Every deed is set by a man, and is glorified by a man. Literacy is always useful to learn.

Summing up the lesson.

The soft sign says about itself:

A soft sign is a cunning sign.

Don't name him.

He does not pronounce ..sya,

But in a word often asks..sya.

He is very polite, Soft Sign,

He does not like arguments and fights.

He's in the word mat.. and in the word daughter..,

And in a quiet moon word night...

To not upset anyone

He tries to soften everything.

Why at home injection

turned immediately into injection..?

No fire, just like that?

It made a soft sign.

We will always be where we need to be

Insert a soft sign into words,

To chorus.. would not chorus,

Kol..i - Kolya never.

What is the role of b in words? Illustrate this with examples from the poem.

Write the words with b in three columns:

b indicates the grammatical characteristic of the word (daughter, night, not pronounced, asked).

b indicates the softness of the preceding consonant (mother, coal, ferret, do not upset, soften, insert).

Separating b (stakes).

Reread the text. In it the main idea is "hidden". Select it and write it down.

Studying .. at school - means under the guidance of a teacher himself

to teach, he tries himself .. to acquire knowledge .. After all, the best one learns .. is the one who

learns .. not only for the future, not only to get

a good specialty, but simply because he is interested in learning..sya.

To everyone who wants to learn..sya, to everyone who tries..studies..sya, opens up..sya the farthest road. (S.Soloveichik).

This was our last assignment. Perhaps you can put a point. But every time you pick up a pen, the Russian grammar lesson starts all over again for you.

I am sure that, knowing the rules of Russian writing well, you will enjoy where you previously experienced torment. After all, the Russian language is amazing, interesting, fascinating and not boring at all. Do you agree with me friends?

Attention!

Reading the last page!

And this explains:

The lesson is already over!

Tutorial closes -

It's time to say goodbye to him.

A soft sign to write is to raise your hand. In what words would you write b?

On house.

Reflect in writing about why learning is important.

Try writing about yourself.

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   Abstract

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The letter ь is written to denote the softness of a double consonant at the end of words, For example: dove, leave, notebook, dirt, pity, seven, horse, kitchens, apple trees, embankment, beast, paint, drink, shipyard.

Letter b , which ends the first part of a compound or compound word, is written to indicate the softness of a consonant before any letter, vowel or consonant, that begins the second part, for example: village executive committee, village council, salvage materials, bone salvage, robbery army, quarter-century, quarter-final, Dalenergo, Svyazinvest, Tyumen?nefte.

To indicate the softness of a paired consonant in front of consonants, the letter "b" is written in the following cases

1. After letter l before any consonant except l , For example: shooting, leonine, foil, ice floe, glide, a few, no whitewash, bedroom, carefully, scalpel, waltz, little coat, flatter, April, alpha, alder, mirror, boy, more, flattered .

Between two l a soft sign is not written, For example: goofy .

?sk? consonant l before the suffix - soft, so after l spelled b , for example: rural, Ural, Barnaul. However, in some adjectives formed from non-Russian proper geographical names, remains solid l, and therefore b not written, for example: Kyzyl, Yamal(along with options Kyzyl, Yamal).

2. After other consonants:

a) before letters that convey hard consonants, for example: carving, take, earlier, nanny, letter, request, very, induce, witch, wedding, darkness, threshing, pah;

In most adjectives with the suffix ?sk? consonants n and R before the suffix - solid, therefore b they do not include, for example: horse, Kazan, Tyumen, knightly, January, Jaeger. However, in the following adjectives, these consonants before the suffix ?sk? soft, in them after n and R spelled b : day?day, june, september, october, november, december, as well as in many adjectives formed from non-Russian proper geographical names on uh, For example: Tien Shan, Taiwanese, Phnom Penh, Torun, Sichuan, Tianjin. Nouns formed with the suffix ?c? from the same geographical names: Kazanians, Tyumen, but Taiwanese, Phnom Penh, Torun etc.

b) before letters that convey soft consonants, b it is written only in those cases when, in other forms of the same word or in words with the same root, the second soft consonant becomes hard, and the first consonant remains soft, for example: take(cf. I'll take), eight (eighth), witch (witch), in the darkness (dark), carving (thread), mowing (mowing), wedding (wedding), threshing (threshing), earrings (earrings), skates (skates), uncle (uncle).

3. In other cases, after the letter that conveys a soft consonant, b is not written, For example: unless, prisoner, gnaw, bones, carry, syndicate, review, early, pension, bow, if, song .

Letter b not written in consonant combinations LF, NS, in particular before suffixes ?chik, ?schik, ?chin(a), for example: nurse, dandelion, cup, tip, chick; bricklayer, bathhouse attendant, partisanship, Ryazan region.

The letter "b" as an indicator of grammatical form

Letter b written (regardless of pronunciation) in the following grammatical forms Oh:

a) in complex numbers before ?ten and ?hundred: fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred;

In numerals fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen before ?eleven b is not written.

b) in indefinite form verb (infinitive) before? (same as in the infinitive of verbs without ?Xia), For example: bathe, have, pour, split, put on shoes, wash, laugh;

in ) in the imperative mood of verbs before ?Xia and ?those(same as in forms without ?Xia and ?those), For example: set off, weigh yourself, back up, sit down, stand up, quit, meet, check ;

G) in the shape of instrumental plural nouns , For example: people, horses, doors, children, as well as in the instrumental form of the numeral four .

After w, w, h, w letter b traditionally written in the following grammatical forms:

a) at the end of nominative/accusative forms singular nouns female 3rd declension , For example: rye, whim, mouse, falseness, night, trifle, thing, help;

b ) at the end of the 2nd person singular of present and future tense verbs (after w ), For example: carry, laugh, see, give, rush;

in) in imperative forms of verbs , For example:smear, eat, hide, cut, comfort, hide, don't wince;

G) in the indefinite form of verbs (after h ), For example: bake, cut, crush, get carried away, burn yourself .

The letter ь after hissing is also written at the end of adverbs and particles , For example: wide open, all the way, backhand, jump, back, unbearable, away, completely, you, only, you see, you see. Exceptions: letter b not written in adverbs married, unbearable, in a particle already, as well as in the preposition between .

The letter ь after hissing is not written at the end of the following grammatical forms:

a) nominative / accusative singular masculine nouns of the 2nd declension , For example: knife, ball, ladle, raincoat;

b) genitive plural of feminine nouns of the 1st declension , For example: puddles(from puddle), clouds, galoshes, groves ;

in) short forms masculine adjectives , For example: fresh, good, good, poor.

After the hissing. We will lay down the rules for you when it should not be done and when it is strictly necessary to do it.

These rules are based on what part of speech is being discussed, in what declension and in what part of the word.

Soft sign after hissing - setting rule

We put a soft sign:

1. A soft sign after hissing must be written in feminine nouns if they are in the singular in the nominative and

Example words: night, gap, daughter, lie, thing, baldness.

Example in a sentence: The queen gave birth on the night of either a son or a daughter.

2. In verbs of the second person in the singular, subject to the present or future tense at the endings after the sibilants.

Example in a word: you will, you will become, you cook, you remember, you believe, you will do.

Examples in sentences: If you know, if you believe, then you will be with me and will not soon stop loving.

- Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Example: returning, straining, intending.

3. In singular verbs in endings after sibilants.

Example in a word: Cut! Eat! Hide!

Addition: If the ending is added to these verbs - Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Hide! Don't fool around!

Examples in sentences: Vadik, don't be foolish and don't hide!

4. In verbs located in and imperative mood before graduation - those, - those.

Example: smear - smear - smear.

Example in a sentence: Children! Do not Cry!

5. In verbs of an indefinite person, including before the ending -sya.

Example words: oven - bake, lie down - lie down.

Example in a sentence: These rivers take a long time to flow.

6. In adverbs, it is necessary to enter a soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word.

Example: Entirely, jump, backhand, wide open.

Example in a sentence: He started the horse at a gallop, and hacked at the air with his sword.

Exceptions: Oh, unbearable, married.

7. In particles with hissing endings: I mean, you see, you only.

Example words: that is, only.

In a sentence: Look what a bully!

Why sometimes a soft sign is not written after hissing ones?

You don't have to write:

1. In nouns of the nominative case.

Example: rook, kalach, stag, bream, knife.

Offer: A swift flew up to our window.

2. In nouns that are in plural and genitive.

Example: clouds, steep, shoulders, Grish, between, puddles.

Suggestion example: Unfortunately, no pears were served for breakfast today.

3. In short form.

Example: powerful, hot, good, flying, melodious, comely.

Offer: He was good-natured and good-looking...

4. In pronouns with hissing at the end.

Examples: yours, ours.

Given the above, the spelling of a soft sign after hissing differs depending on many factors - part of speech, declension, number, as well as the presence of exceptions to the rules.

teachers lower grades give their students rhyming versions of the rules - for easier memorization.

Rules in verse!

Nouns "a lot"

Nouns "my" -

We don't put up any sign!

In verbs and adverbs

The sign is always written

And in short adjectives

We never write!

The purpose of the lesson:

1. Review and summarize the learning material on the topic.
2. Check the level of assimilation of new material.
3. Assimilation of algorithmic patterns of reasoning.

Equipment:

• a computer,
• projection equipment,
• clarity in the form of a presentation

I. Organizational moment

II. Front work(Option 1)

1. Generalizing conversation on the studied theoretical material.

List the cases when a soft sign is written after non-sibilant consonants.

(-b is written at the end of words to indicate the softness of consonants, for example: stump, laziness [Н`])

Which consonants are combined with a soft sign?

(-b is written in the middle of a word)

a) after a soft l before any consonant, for example: sick, boy, herring;

b) after a soft consonant before a hard consonant, for example: Kuzma, less, fight).

In what verbs is b written?

(- In reflexive verbs before - Xia, in an indefinite form, for example: smile (a verb in an indefinite form).

What do you remember about the spelling of adjectives?

(- In adjectives formed from the names of months with b at the end, words other than January (from January), for example: November (from November), October (from October).

How are compound numbers written?

(- In numerals denoting round tens from 50 to 80 and round hundreds from 500 to 900, after the first root, for example: seventy, six hundred).

In what combinations of consonants is the soft sign not written?

(- b is not written in a combination of consonants ch, chk, th, chsh, lf, nsch, schn, rch, rch, for example: reading, chick, tip).

In what forms of the verb b is not written?

(- b is not written in reflexive verb 3 l., single, many numbers n.b. time).

lesson option.

The topic “Spelling b after consonants (except hissing)” is prepared by students as homework.

The class is divided into two teams, which include children with different levels assimilation of the material. During the game, teams exchange tasks and solve them in the allotted time. Each question of the opposing team is answered by the member of the responding team chosen by the opposing team. The team is interested in the knowledge of each of its students, which means that the strong pull up the weak. (Prepared questions are pre-viewed by the teacher).

2. Performing exercises to fix the spelling b after consonants (except for hissing).

Selective dictation. From the text, select words with a spelling and put them in two columns: one with b, and the other without b.

Our estate is especially beautiful in spring. Lilac branches close the weight ... the house. In the June evening, brushes of white flowers stand out ... against the dark greenery. If you get up early ... you can go meet ... dawn ... ku. I get more ... joy ... from communication with nature. Each branch ... ka, familiar path ... ka pleases the heart.

3. Summing up the repetition.

III. Repetition and generalization educational material on the topic “Soft sign after hissing in different parts of speech”

1.Preparation of students for active cognitive activity in order to generalize theoretical material.

Creative task. Guess the words of the metogram

(Greek meta-“transition” + gramma-letter) replacement of one letter in the word with another: floor - count - pier - ox -dol -goal.

From the third letter of the alphabet
I treat the sick.
And from the fourth
I'll fly in the spring.

In further work, we use small genres of literature: riddles, proverbs, word games.

Guess the riddles, divide the answers into two columns

1. I am very hot at work...
   You touch with your hand ... Xia -
   Though crying...
2. If you give her a job...
   The pencil worked in vain ...
3. Low, but prickly ...
   Sweet, smelly...
   Pick berries…
   Take your whole hand...
4. Day and night ... - day and night ...
5. Marry ... to go - not to drink honey, but to shed tears.

On what basis did you divide the words into two columns?

(Words are distributed according to the presence or absence after the hissing b at the end of the word)

Without b

b touch rip off night away

2. -And now, when we have found out that b is written after hissing in some cases, and in some not, we will write down the topic of the lesson “Soft sign after hissing”

3. Work with the table.(Example of filling in the table)

4. Summing up. Graphic scheme. Rule generalization

Oral formulation of the rule by the teacher:

1. When working with a verb, always write b after the sibilants;
2. If it's a noun, check right away: it must be in nominative case units numbers and belong to 3 cl., i.e. be zh.r. - write b;

1. If you have a short adjective in front of you (what?), do not write;
2. If you have a hissing adverb, write b, but remember the exceptions in which there is no b: already, married, unbearable.

IV. Input of the algorithm.

What is the first step to take?

(determine what part of speech the given word is).

Second step?

(-from the noun to find out which declension this noun belongs to)

If the noun is 1 and 2 declensions?

(-after the hissing b is not written, for example: cloud (noun 1 declension). Rook (noun 2 declension).

If the noun has 3 declensions?

(-after the hissing b we write, for example: night (noun 3 declension).

If the word is a short adjective?

(- after the hissing b we do not write, for example: prickly (except for the adjective).

If it's a verb?

(-in any case in the verb after the hissing b).

If this is an adverb (except: already, married, unbearable)

(- after the hissing we write b, for example: away, backhand (adverb).

Generalized algorithm.

3. How can you formulate a reasoning pattern?

Sample oral reasoning

Already ... the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often, the day became shorter (A.S. Pushkin).

(-Uzh-adverb is an exception, therefore, b is not written after w.

Graphic justification: already (?) - adverb, excl., b no

Prickly - a short adjective, therefore, after h
b is not written.

Graphic justification: mighty (?) - kr., adj., - b no

V. Consolidation.

1. Vocabulary dictation with comments according to the algorithm

Daughter ..., you see ..., creaky ..., wide open ..., yes ..., beam ..., puddles ..., stick ..., beach ..., pencil ..., married ..., back ..., guard ...

2. Write down proverbs and sayings, find and graphically justify the spelling of words with the desired spelling.

1. It is not worth it…
2. Eat bread and salt ... but cut the truth ...
3. Good ... kalach ... while it's hot ...
4. What you wish for people... you will get yourself...

3. Selective dictation

Fill in a table consisting of 4 columns (by type of spelling), with words from the dictionary dictation.

The class is divided into 2 groups:

4. Creative task

Form words with the desired spelling from these words by changing the form or choosing a single-root word:

1 in: nouns; 2 in: adjectives; 3 in: verbs; 4 in: adverb.

6. Additional task:

make a logo with words

cry - cry;

ink - ink

Logogriff (Greek logos-“word”+griphos-“mystery”) - search for a hidden word and the formation of new ones from it by rearranging or throwing out individual syllables or letters: the whole is part of a tree, without one letter - a river, without two - a pronoun, without three - a preposition (crown - Rhone - she - on).

Summarizing

VI. Homework:

1. Write words in a table;
2. Learn to reason algorithmically.