Communication skills in a foreign language. The development of communication skills in elementary school students in the English lesson

Topic: the state of development of the building complex, problems and prospects.

1. Development of the construction complex of Bashkortostan 7

1.1 Public policy building complex 7

The Republic consistently occupies a leading position in terms of housing commissioning among the constituent entities Russian Federation. Over the past three years, more than 5 million square meters of total housing area have been built in the republic, including 1 million 706 thousand square meters in 2008 (with an increase of 6% compared to the level of 2009). eight

Despite significant volumes of commissioning of the housing stock, in terms of housing provision (19.6 sq.m per person as of January 1, 2009), the republic occupies the penultimate place in the federal district and the need for housing remains high. eight

Therefore, the Republican target housing program of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2009-2010 set the task of bringing the commissioning of housing in the republic in the amount of at least 2 million square meters of housing annually. nine

Significant contribution to the implementation of priority national project“Affordable and comfortable housing for the citizens of Russia” is contributed by developers: State Unitary Enterprise “Housing Construction Fund of the Republic of Bashkortostan” (commissioning of housing in 2008 amounted to 230 thousand square meters), Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Investment and Construction Committee” of the city of Ufa (133 thousand sq.m), MUP "Sterlitamakstroyzakazchik" (51 thousand sq.m), increases the volume of commissioning of housing MUE "Salavatstroyzakazchik" (19 thousand sq.m). Among contractors, a significant contribution to housing construction was made by Bashkortostanneftezavodstroy General Contracting Trust LLC (99 thousand sq.m.), Large-Panel House Building OJSC (59 thousand sq.m.), Sterlitamakstroy Trust LLC (53 thousand sq.m. ), JSC "Strong" (26 thousand square meters) and others. nine

AT Republic of Bashkortostan constantly work in progress over the creation of an effective system for attracting bank loans, funds from enterprises and organizations, private investors and the population in the housing sector. nine

Enterprises of the republic are actively solving the issues of providing housing for their employees. Thus, in 2008, enterprises and organizations of all forms of ownership of the republic allocated 274 million rubles of their own funds for housing construction, and in current year- more than 600 million rubles are planned. Significant work in this direction is being carried out at UMPO Uchalinsky Mining and Processing Plant, Soda OJSC, Uraltransnefteprodukt OJSC, Bashtransgaz LLC. nine

The total volume of mortgage housing loans for the past 3 quarters of 2009, provided by credit institutions to the population of the republic, amounted to 7.7 billion rubles, or 128% of the same period in 2008. nine

In 2008, the implementation of a priority national project for the construction of affordable housing began. The Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan, in addition to the federal target program "Housing" for 2002-2010, in order to increase the affordability of housing, adopted the Concept of providing housing for various categories of citizens living in the Republic of Bashkortostan, approved the procedure for social housing mortgage lending for citizens with average incomes. ten

Annually from the budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan to administrations municipal districts and city districts, capital investments are allocated for the construction of engineering communications to places of mass individual development and gasification of settlements. For example, in 2009-2008, 400 million rubles and 1 billion 300 million rubles, respectively, were allocated from the budget of the Republic of Bashkortostan for these purposes. ten

We believe that in the coming years the efforts of deputies State Duma Russian Federation and federal bodies state power should be aimed at expanding the powers of the subjects of Russia on a wide range of issues for their solution on the ground. The current practice of relations in the field of housing construction and the ongoing detailing of procedures, carried out upon agreement of all issues on federal level, can seriously constrain the solution of problems of housing construction. ten

1.2 Development of market relations in the construction complex of the republic 10

2. New forms of ownership and organization of production in the Republic of Bashkortostan 20

Recent years have seen major changes in industry. building materials. In 2008, in the Republic of Bashkortostan, enterprises of the building materials industry and the building industry produced products worth more than 13 billion rubles, with an increase of 30% compared to 2009. 20

In 2009, the construction industry's demand for inert materials is about 7 million cubic meters. The available natural reserves fully satisfy the republic's need for these materials and allow selling up to 1.5 million cubic meters to other regions. annually. 20

Today, the cement production capacities existing in the republic make it possible to meet the demand of the construction industry by less than 50%. The need for cement binder in 2009 is more than 1.5 million tons, half of which the republic imports from neighboring regions. In 2008 more than 563 thousand tons of cement were delivered to the republic. 20

Soda OJSC in Sterlitamak has put into operation a new installation for the production of cement by the dry method with a capacity of 1 million 280 thousand tons of cement clinker per year, but there are no mills for grinding it. The reconstruction was completed and the mill complex was put into operation in 2008 to ensure the production of at least 1.5 million tons of products. In the future, the cement production capacity is planned to be increased to 3 million tons per year. 20

Capacities for the production of all types of bricks today fully meet the needs of the construction industry of the republic. With a demand for bricks in the amount of 400 million pieces per year, the capacities of the enterprises of the republic allow producing more than 800 million pieces. 21

In the Ufimsky district, construction of a plant for the production of gas silicate small-piece wall blocks is underway, which should begin supplying products at the beginning of 2008. 21

The construction complex of the republic is fully provided with concrete and reinforced concrete prefabricated products and structures. 21

Thanks to the reconstruction carried out at the JSC Salavatsteklo plant, the republic does not depend on external suppliers in this type of building material. 21

For the purposes of low-rise housing construction, the production of prefabricated frame-panel type houses was mastered at Sterlitamak Cement Particle Board Plant LLC, NPO Polymer LLC and Investstroyproekt LLC. The production of houses from rounded logs is being developed at the Gallery of Windows LLC, Uchalinsky Les Prom LLC, Tekhnozodchiy LLC, Ufa. 21

The need of the construction industry for joinery is currently fully satisfied by existing industries. 21

Investments are actively attracted to the republic to create new production capacities for the production of building materials. 21

For example, in the Ufa region, the Austrian company Lasselsberger is building a plant for the production of facing ceramic tiles with a capacity of 20 million square meters. meters per year, which will be put into operation in 2008. 21

The French company Saint-Gobain begins construction of a drywall plant with a capacity of 30 million square meters per year. 21

The implementation of these projects will raise the construction industry of the republic to a new, higher quality level, will contribute to the further development of housing construction, including individual housing construction. 22

In accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Bashkortostan, close attention is paid to the development of territorial planning documents. Currently, all urban districts and settlements have approved master plans, 88% of municipal districts are provided with territorial planning schemes. 22

In the field of architecture and urban planning, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of measures to complete the development master plans municipalities, reserving land for the development of housing construction, to strive for the integrated development of new microdistricts. 22

Conclusion 23

The Republic of Bashkortostan has accumulated some positive experience in the field of housing construction, including the construction of low-rise settlements with the simultaneous construction of engineering infrastructure and roads. From year to year, at least 60% of housing commissioned falls on individual and low-rise construction. 23

In Bashkortostan, the construction industry began new stage in the development of low-rise construction, characterized by a transition from point to complex development of low-rise settlements around cities and along transport arteries, as well as in small towns and rural areas. It is necessary to bring the engineering infrastructure in areas with existing buildings in line with the requirements of urban planning standards at minimal cost. 23

Introduction

Capital construction is the most important branch of the national economy. All economic and social transformations in any country are directly connected with it: improvement of living conditions, improvement of technology and organization of production, providing cultural and communal facilities.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that capital construction contributes to the development of all sectors of the national economy, the improvement of well-being, and the satisfaction of the housing and household needs of society.

The industry, together with mechanical engineering, forms the fixed assets of all sectors of the economy, in this regard, the economic recovery is directly related to the increase in the efficiency of the investment and construction industry.

Capital investments and commissioning of fixed assets are correlated as costs and results of the investment process. Their ratio determines the possibility of satisfying the various needs of society. The transformation of capital investments from a financial resource into a natural-material composition of fixed assets is carried out during the investment process, which includes the stages of design, construction and development of design capacities.

The scale and proportions of investments in the republic during the Soviet period were formed mainly on the basis of all-union development tasks, without regard to the contribution of the republic to the national income of the country and the program for the integrated development of its economy. There was a priority direction of capital investments for the development of capital-intensive industries, the development of social infrastructure remained outside the interests of the central ministries and departments.

The purpose of the work: to consider the state of development of the building complex, problems and prospects.

Tasks of the work: to study the development of the building complex of Bashkortostan; consider the state policy of the construction complex and the development of market relations in the construction complex of the republic; get acquainted with new forms of ownership and organization of production in the Republic of Bashkortostan. complex in the Southern Federal District, you can ... further it development in the long term perspective suggests significant...

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Construction is one of the key fund-forming industries, on which the formation of the national economy largely depends. In the structure of gross value added in 2013, the construction sector occupies 7%. total amount the volume of work for this period amounted to 6,019.5 billion rubles. More than 5.7 million people are employed in the construction industry of the Russian Federation, which is 8.4% of all working citizens.

In 2014, 297,800 buildings were put into operation, with a total area of more than 138 million square meters. meters. Of these, residential purposes - 276,600, with a total area of 103.8 million square meters. meters, non-residential - 21,200 buildings, with a total area of 34.2 million square meters. AT percentage the total area of constructed buildings is 75.2 and 24.8% for residential and non-residential stock, respectively. The figures for 2014 are the highest since the beginning of the 21st century.

Companies represented on the Russian construction market various forms property. Most of all in the construction industry of private capital, enterprises of this type of ownership employ more than 88.4% of all workers employed in construction, which in quantitative terms is 5.03 million people. 4.3% and 4.4% of employees, respectively, work at state enterprises and companies with foreign and joint Russian-foreign ownership. The average monthly salary in the industry for 2014 was a little over 30,000 rubles.

More than 56,000 units of various equipment are on the balance sheet of construction organizations. Including:

Excavators - 13,600 pcs.
Scrapers - 500 pcs.
Bulldozers - 11,700 pcs.
Truck cranes - 9,000 pcs.
Crawler cranes - 3,100 pcs.
Pneumowheel cranes - 1,700 pcs.
Tower cranes - 3,900 pcs.
Motor graders - 4,800 pcs.
Single bucket loaders – 7,800 pcs.

Although the average wages and the area of built buildings is increasing every year, the cost of building 1 sq. meters. In 2014, the average actual cost of construction of detached residential buildings was 39,447 rubles. It's also the highest of all time.

Construction industry margins are slightly above the average for the entire Russian economy generally. In 2013, construction accounted for 8.3%, while the total average in the economy was at the level of 7%. Financial (minus losses) for the entire construction industry in 2013 amounted to 601.3 billion rubles, which is 8.7% of the total Russian.

The construction industry sets the pace economic development, is a very significant sector in the economy of many countries of the world. The relevance of this topic is due to the dynamic development of construction services in the last few decades in the global economy. At the same time, this industry reacts very painfully even to minor changes in the world market conditions. The article "Some Trends and Prospects for the Development of the Construction Industry in Russia" examines the current state of construction in the country. This is one of the key industries that plays an important role in the Russian economy. An analysis of the state of the construction services market shows the need to support the development of this area. The Russian construction industry has a number of serious difficulties which significantly hinder the development of this service market. The main problems faced by the industry are highlighted, and ways to solve them are presented.

building sector

economic development

strategic industry

1. Andrievskaya K.I. The main trends in the housing construction market in Russia // K. I. Andrievskaya // Science community students of the XXI century. Economic Sciences: scientific electron. magazine. – 2017.- No. 5(42) - Access mode: https://sibac.info/archive/economy/5(42).

2. Vorozhbit O.Yu. Peculiarities of developing a strategy for the development of the construction industry [Electronic resource] / O.Yu. Vorozhbit // Problems modern economy: electron. magazine. - 2016. - No. 3 - Access mode: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27321732.

3. Ishekenova M. Short review construction industry in the USA, Turkey, China and EU countries [ Electronic resource] / M. Ishenkova // JSC "Rating Agency of the Regional Financial Center of Almaty" (RA RFCA). - 2016. - Access mode: http://rfcaratings.kz/.

4. Kosareva N. B., Polid T. D., Puzanov A. S., Tumanov A. A. Housing construction market in Russia: state of the art and development prospects / N. B. Kosareva, T.D. Politd, A.S. Puzanov, A.A. Tumanov // Questions of Economics: scientific. electron. magazine. - 2013. - No. 3.

5. Strategy innovative development construction industry of the Russian Federation until 2030 [Electronic resource] / Access mode: http://www.minstroyrf.ru/docs/11870/.

Considering modern tendencies development of the world economy, it is vital for the economy of each country to have competitive advantages, thanks to which it will develop, both at the national level and in the international arena.

The construction industry sets the pace of economic development, is a very significant sector in the economy of many countries of the world. The relevance of this topic is due to the dynamic development of construction services in the last few decades in the global economy. At the same time, this industry reacts very painfully even to minor changes in the world market conditions.

Analyzing the state of the construction services market in the world, several leading countries can be distinguished, such as China, the USA, Turkey, and the EU countries. This is evidenced by the positive dynamics of the share of the construction sector in GDP in these countries (Figure 1).

Of decisive importance for the development of the modern world market for construction services is price competition, which has become the main success factor for construction companies in a number of countries, such as China and Turkey. As we can see from the data in the table, China's construction industry is the largest in the world. Chinese construction companies have been at the top of the Top 250 International Construction Companies for several years now.

In Russia, the share of construction is less than 3% of GDP. The Russian economy as a whole today is characterized by a decrease in investment activity due to the outflow of foreign capital, as well as a reduction in the investment programs of domestic financial organizations. High level inflation led to an increase in interest on loans, which exceeded the level of profitability for the facilities under construction. In such a situation, it has become unprofitable for many in Russia to build facilities.

Figure 1 - The share of the construction sector in GDP in the countries of the world for 2016, in%.

Source: Atradius, National Bureau of Statistics of China, RA RFCA

After a sharp collapse in 2009, when the growth rate fell to 88.3%, the growth trend in construction production followed and continued for the next two years, the figures rose to 115.4%. Then in 2013 there was a decline, and by 2015 the figure was 97.1%. This year, not only for the construction sector, but also for the economy of the whole country, passed under the sign of uncertainty. The volume of construction work amounted to 5945.5 billion rubles, which is lower than in 2014 by 180 billion rubles or 2.9%. given period the industry finally entered a state of slow recession.

The dynamics of the indicator is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Comparative dynamics of the volume of construction work in 2005-2015, billion rubles

So in different periods of the Russian economy, the construction services market experienced ups and downs, but at the same time, this area is the most interesting and attractive for investment.

The construction industry is rightfully considered one of the strategic sectors of the Russian economy. The construction industry is playing special role in the economy of the state. According to its characteristics, it is quite capital-intensive, allows it to provide a significant number of jobs, and the product it produces serves to meet the basic needs of society, such as housing, urban infrastructure, roads, etc. The presence of scientific, technical, production potential contributes to the formation of an order for the search for optimal technological solutions, innovative technical developments, which affects the efficiency of the entire economy as a whole.

In the article “Peculiarities of developing a strategy for the development of the construction industry”, O. Yu. Vorozhbit writes that “on present stage building complex in form, it is a fairly fragmented set of independently functioning economic entities with their own specific features. In terms of economic content, the building complex is heterogeneous, it is a system of living and materialized labor of organizations and enterprises that ensure the creation of new and modernization of existing fixed assets for industrial and non-industrial purposes, and is expressed in the presence of a set of features. Highlighted fragmentation does not contribute effective development the industry as a whole. At present, the main tool for the development of the construction industry in the modern state is strategic planning, the key element of which is strategy.

This once again confirms that the Russian construction industry has a number of serious problems which significantly hinder the development of this service market. Other limiting factors include:

Lack of qualified personnel;

Low quality of domestic building materials;

Unsatisfactory level of technical equipment of construction enterprises;

Weak infrastructure in engineering;

Lack of investment, financial investment in the industry;

High inflation in the country;

Unavailability of credit loans for the population

High housing prices;

Lack of sufficient guarantees from the state;

High taxation.

Quantitative and qualitative transformations are needed to promote more effective solution the tasks of increasing the volume of housing construction, the implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects, opening up opportunities for the development of the industrial and economic potential of the Russian Federation as a whole.

The existing problems led to the creation of such a project as the "Strategy for Innovative Development of the Construction Industry of the Russian Federation until 2030". This document was developed by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation. The main focus is on the introduction of innovations in the construction industry, which involves the formation of a competitive market for construction services. This will help to increase not only the share in the country's GDP, but will also serve as an impetus for the development of related sectors of the economy. But unfortunately, this does not solve all the tasks.

The success of the result from the implementation of the strategic goal of the development of the construction industry in Russia depends on many factors that also cannot be ignored. It is necessary to develop such economic model, which would cover a wide range of problems in the most various conditions. It is necessary to identify the root causes and act on them in a timely manner.

Despite a certain crisis in the construction industry, the issue of development is urgently on the agenda. Now the government is faced with the need to make some adjustments and amendments to the legislation, to strengthen state influence and regulation of this industry. Since the market is directly dependent on the housing construction market, it is necessary to intensify the development of this particular area, which will expand the scope of finishing and repair work, as well as solve many social problems relating to providing people with safe and decent housing.

Measures to solve these problems also largely depend on consumer support from the state, the establishment of unchanging norms technical regulation, development of methods of risk management in construction, the adoption by the state under its control and the implementation of priority social and housing programs. The construction industry needs a whole range of measures to upgrade the country's reproductive potential, the formation of industrial and social infrastructure.

In addition, it is possible to improve the state of the industry through the effective integration of the Russian construction services market into the world market, which requires both an increase in its internal competitiveness and the integration of Russian companies into the organizational field of international legal regulation in the industry under study. Of particular strategic importance is the development of economic cooperation between Russian economic entities of the construction market and the world's leading construction companies. In addition, such integration will make it possible to attract foreign capital to finance Russian projects.

In all variety of species commercial activities Construction has been and remains one of the leading industries. It has a decisive influence on the development huge amount related industries material production. Despite certain difficulties, the construction sector has many prospects for further development. But the presence of serious problems significantly slows it down. The construction industry needs immediate help more than ever to keep the situation going. Timely actions are necessary for the successful functioning of not only this area, but also the economy as a whole.

Bibliographic link

Kang D.-. SOME TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA // International Student scientific bulletin. – 2017. – № 2.;
URL: http://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=17144 (date of access: 04/06/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"