Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

The Yugansky Reserve was established in 1982 as the largest reserve of taiga landscapes. It occupies an area of ​​648.7 thousand hectares, has a two-kilometer protected zone along the perimeter with an area of ​​98.9 thousand hectares. The territory of the reserve includes part of the basins of the rivers Negusyakh and Small Yugan - the right tributaries of the Big Yugan.

A commemorative sign "To the Pioneers of the Yugra Land" a stele towering 62 meters above Khanty-Mansiysk. It is a pyramid, each of the faces of which denotes one of the epochs of the region's development: ancient times, joining Russia, modern stage life. The pyramid is especially beautiful at night - a special light is used to illuminate it. computer program, which creates up to a hundred different shades.

"Archeopark" is one of the main attractions of the city. This unique complex is located at the very foot of the ancient Samarovsky remnant mountain and is an extraordinary park that combines monuments
geology (outcrop of the remnant), and archeology (“Samarov town”), and monuments of monumental art depicting various animals living in these places about 15 thousand years ago. The most memorable among them is a herd of bronze mammoths. There is also a sculptural composition "Parking ancient man”, and “The Herd of Ancient Horses”, and even “Wooly Rhinos”.

Monument "Bronze symbol of Yugra". There are many in Khanty-Mansiysk various monuments and sculptural compositions. And the symbol of Ugra is a 12-meter bronze female figure, installed in honor of the 75th anniversary of autonomous region. This monument symbolizes the maternal origin of Ugra, uniting representatives of the indigenous peoples of the North, oil workers, and scientists, residents of the district, whose figures are also included in the sculptural composition.

Orthodox complex "In the name of the Resurrection of Christ" this beautiful Orthodox complex is one of the most important sights of Khanty-Mansiysk. It was built in best traditions Russian architecture of the XIX century in honor of the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Christ.

Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region It was formed in 1930, until 1940 it was called the Ostyako-Vogulsky National District. It is located in the Tyumen region in the Urals Federal District.

The district is located in the center of the West Siberian lowland. It borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tomsk, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk regions and the Komi Republic.

The area is 534.8 thousand square kilometers. The district includes 9 districts, 13 urban districts. The administrative center is the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. Large cities - Surgut, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk.

The population of the district, according to Rosstat as of January 1, 2014, amounted to 1597.0 thousand people. AT national composition The population of the district is dominated by Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Bashkirs.

The indigenous (aboriginal) population is represented by three small ethnic groups - Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets. Their total number is about 1.5%.

Governor of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Natalya Komarova (since 2010).

There are two major rivers: Ob, 3,650 kilometers long, and its tributary, the Irtysh, whose length is 3,580 kilometers. The climate of the district is temperate continental. It is distinguished by a sharp change in weather in spring and autumn, temperature changes during the day.

The Okrug occupies most of the territory of the West Siberian oil and gas province and is one of the largest oil producing regions in the world. About 7% of world oil and about half of Russian oil are produced here, more than 4% of the volume of all-Russian gas.

As of 2013, on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, 467 hydrocarbon fields were recorded on the balance sheet, including 406 oil fields, 22 gas and gas condensate, 39 oil and gas condensate, oil and gas and gas and oil fields. The largest are Samotlor, Fedorovskoe, Mamontovskoe, Priobskoe.

The largest volume of extracted oil is in the Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk and Khanty-Mansiysk regions.

In 2014, the region produced 250.5 million tons of oil, 31,771.5 million cubic meters natural and associated gas.

Most of the oil reserves of the distributed subsoil fund (95%) are on the balance sheet of the largest vertically integrated oil companies OAO TNK-BP Holding, OAO Rosneft, OAO LUKOIL, OAO Surgutneftegaz, OAO Slavneft, OAO " Gazprom Neft and OAO RussNeft.

Alluvial gold is mined in the district (projected gold reserves exceed 216 tons), vein quartz and collection raw materials. Deposits of brown and hard coal. Deposits discovered iron ores, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, manifestations of bauxites, etc.

The most powerful electric power complex in the country has been created in the region. The main share of electricity generation in the Autonomous Okrug is provided by OAO Surgutskaya GRES-1, OAO Surgutskaya GRES-2, OAO Nizhnevartovskaya GRES and Nyaganskaya GRES.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra is an export-oriented region, in the total volume of foreign trade turnover, exports account for 95.6%, imports - 4.4%. Mineral fuel, oil and products of their distillation, bituminous substances, mineral waxes are exported; wood, charcoal. Of the total exports, 99.4% is crude oil.

A special place in the Ugra economy is occupied by the development of innovations. To support subjects innovation activities created in the region: autonomous institution Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra "Technopark high technology", non-profit organizations "Ugra Entrepreneurship Support Fund"; "Development Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra", "Microfinance Fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra". 130 innovative companies operate in the region, most of which are residents of the Technopark.

All research activities of Ugra are concentrated in higher educational institutions districts.

higher vocational education Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are two regional universities and academy, as well as two federal universities– Yugorsky State University and Nizhnevartovsk State University.

18 small innovative enterprises. They are engaged research activities in which students also participate.

On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug there are monuments of history and culture: museums, theaters, archaeological complexes. There are 35 museums and their branches in Ugra. Most of the museums are historical, local lore and ethnographic.

In Khanty-Mansiysk, there is an open-air ethnographic museum "Torum Maa", founded in 1987. Museum broadcasts living culture indigenous peoples of the North. In addition to exhibiting the rarest items, the museum "Torum Maa" holds ritual holidays of the indigenous peoples of the North.

There are two state reserves in the district - "Yugansky" and "Malaya Sosva", four natural park, eight reserves.

Every year the district center becomes a platform for international cinema. Guests and participants of the festival of cinematographic debuts "Spirit of Fire" are gathering in Ugra. It was established by the government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation in 2002.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Map of KhMAO-Yugra with cities and regions

On the territory of Russia there is one of the most unique places. It is called HMAO. AT given time became part of the Tyumen region. It is located beautiful place in the federal Urals region. look accurate information on the detailed map Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug with cities and districts. Regional administrative center- Khanty-Mansiysk. Near it are such cities as: Surgut, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk and so on. The border runs close Krasnoyarsk Territory, Komi Republic, Nenets Okrug, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions.

The climate in this ecologically clean place is temperate continental. Transition periods are carried out quickly. Arctic masses render strong influence on the weather. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Map(Yugra) is able to tell many amazing facts.

Once upon a time, around the beginning of the last century, the Vogulsky-Ostyaki national district was formed. Then it was renamed and became part of Omsk region. A lot has changed since then. Now the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is an independent object.

The local population at last count is over a million people. Territorially - Administrative division provided by municipal districts, cities of district significance, urban and rural settlements.

For those who have never been to the Yugra Valley, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is still almost a mythical region. The average resident of the European part of Russia knows exactly one thing about him: there is oil, a lot of oil. And where there is oil, there is serious money that made it possible to rebuild the "Russian Dubai" Khanty-Mansiysk. Still, of course, the harsh Siberian climate and the indigenous peoples - the Khanty and Mansi, about which outsiders also know little.

In addition to these obvious provisions, there are many misconceptions about Yugra. Many people think that the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is somewhere near Yakutia, and they prescribe it beyond the Arctic Circle. Even more often they confuse the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs. So first, let's define the geography: the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is located in Western Siberia, that is, on the western side of Ural mountains. Administratively, it belongs to the Ural Federal District, but the locals perceive their region as part of Siberia. So administrative subordination and real geography in this case diverge - no one in life will call KhMAO (locals are too lazy to pronounce the name of the district in full, replacing it with an abbreviation) Ural.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug unites the ancient Siberian lands, known to Russians since the 11th century and gradually conquered by the Cossacks in XVI century. These principalities were called by the Turkic word Yugra, the origin of which is vague. After the turbulent era of Yermak and Prince Samara, Yugra lived quietly and rather deafly for four centuries. It was revived by state coachmen and their settlements (pits), as well as famous exiles - it is enough to recall Menshikov in Berezovo or Trotsky in the same place two centuries later. It was only in the second half of the 20th century that oil and gas were found in Yugra, which radically changed both the image and the fate of the region, now one of the most promising in Russia. Nefteyugansk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk - these cities have been associated with the iron tread of progress since Soviet times, not to mention today's Khanty-Mansiysk. Modern Ugra is an impressive combination of the ancient and the newest.

At the same time, the cities of Ugra, which many consider the fruits of the oil boom, have existed for more than a century and began quite traditionally - as villages, prisons, postal stations ... Most a prime example— Surgut. Surgut prison is known from late XVI century, this is one of the first settlements founded in Siberia by Yermak's associates, long before the discovery of the Surgut oil field.

The latest in Ugra is much more striking: high-tech palaces, excellent highways, modern airports, widespread gasification and stuff like that. And the real antiquity is not so easy to see. Khanty-Mansiysk to last years positions itself as the center of Finno-Ugric culture: the Khanty and Mansi belong to this group of peoples. However, the majority of the population of the region are Russians who have been moving here since the time of Yermak. You can join the life and traditions of indigenous peoples in twenty-five ethnographic centers. The open-air museum "Torum Maa", deer camps in Varyogan and Agan, even children's ethnocenters - ethnographic tourism in Ugra was chosen as priority direction. However, almost all Ugra open-air museums, ethnographic centers, ensembles, snowmobile tours “on a visit to the Khanty” are not so much natural life how much museum conservation of traditional culture. There is no “natural”, non-decorative antiquity in the cities; it is hidden deep in the taiga or in the Subpolar Urals (also part of KhMAO). A simple tourist cannot get there - travel agencies do not take them to real camps. From the "outside world" independent travelers and researchers get to the authentic life of the Khanty and Mansi. Firstly, the road is extremely difficult, you will have to move around the taiga on snowmobiles or all-terrain vehicles. Secondly, no one is waiting for strangers there. Indigenous representatives leading traditional image life, there is not much left, many directly call their world closed. AT best case a stranger will be allowed to spend the night, at worst, they will be asked to leave. But exceptions are, of course, possible.

The oil industry itself is becoming an exclusive and full-fledged tourist component of Ugra. Industrial tourism is fashionable. We depend on oil, but few people know how it is produced, what it is, and we have few opportunities to look at it up close. There is such an opportunity in Ugra. The production looks very impressive - rocking chairs, drilling rigs, factories are practically in an open field (vegetation in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is scarce). Recently, you can not only observe this kind of romance from the road, but also touch it directly. In the Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk regions, in agreement with the local "landlords" - the dominant oil companies - tourists are taken to some oil facilities, to Lake Samotlor. They show, tell and give a taste of what “black gold” smells like.

In addition, in Ugra, no matter how trite it sounds, there is very beautiful nature. In this regard, the Khanty-Mansiysk land is no less gifted than, for example, Karelia, which is natural to recall, given three-digit number Yugra lakes and rivers, including the mighty Ob and Irtysh. Taiga with all its Siberian treasures, from cedars and larches to a great variety of birds and animals, is also beautiful in itself. By the way, you don’t have to travel far for real taiga - taiga massifs have been preserved in Khanty-Mansiysk and its environs. On the territory of Ugra there are two reserves and a dozen sanctuaries, the most famous are the ecological parks Numto, Shapshinskiye cedar forests and Samarovsky Chugas, which is a natural island right in the middle of the district capital.

Speaking of the great variety of birds and animals. It gave rise to a specific feature of the Ugra museums - almost everywhere there are expositions with stuffed animals. One of the most famous and visited museums in the region is the Museum of Nature and Man in the village of Russkinskaya (not to be confused with the museum of the same name in Khanty-Mansiysk) that presents a huge taxidermy collection.

Sports and any active tourism in Ugra is also on the level. Especially if you take into account all the complexes built in the capital of the district, from the chess academy to the international biathlon center. For skiers, the Khvoyny Urman and Kedrovy bases located in Khanty-Mansiysk are suitable. The Winter Sports Center (also in Khanty-Mansiysk) is very popular, where international competitions. The most famous and modern ski resort outside the capital of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is Kamenny Mys, 20 kilometers from Surgut. For lovers of exotic holidays, the Yugra Safari is held: deer, snowmobiles, sleighs, even dog teams, hunting and all Siberian winter fun.

Local Features

With the climate of Yugra, the situation is the same as with geography: many are sure that Yakut frosts are cracking in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug of minus 50. In reality, everything is far from being so hard - frost below minus thirty is considered severe and happens sporadically. average temperature in winter - about minus 20, which, combined with low air humidity, is tolerated quite easily. Perhaps, main feature weather in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is its inconstancy. A drop of thirty degrees in any direction is a common thing in both winter and summer. When going to Yugra, it is worth considering this.

Another difficulty is administrative subordination. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is part of the Tyumen Oblast. It turns out a kind of difficult-to-explain nesting doll: an autonomous district placed inside the region and inside federal district. At the same time, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug pays taxes directly to the federal treasury, bypassing the regional one. Naturally, this state of affairs is extremely beneficial for the feds, because Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is one of the richest regions of the country. If Yugra's taxes went to the budget of the Tyumen region, it would turn into an invincible economic giant and could live quietly on its own. The authorities of the Tyumen region dream of such a scenario, therefore they are constantly promoting projects to merge the region and the autonomous region.

The birth rate speaks most eloquently about the well-being of Ugra. According to the annual statistical research, in terms of birth rate, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is immediately behind the Caucasian republics, often ahead of some of them. Higher than in Yugra, the birth rate is only in Dagestan, Ingushetia and Chechnya. Thanks to the baby boom, a lot of kindergartens are being built in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug every year, and modern perinatal centers are being opened in cities.

Moving along the roads of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, you can see a lot of pointers to some "bushes" with numbers. A bush is a network of oil wells.

Separately, it is worth noting the roads themselves. By Russian standards - first-class autobahns. Since income allows local residents to buy good foreign cars, it is not surprising that rushing 600 km to visit friends on the weekend is a common thing here.

Gasoline in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, contrary to expectations, costs the same or even more than in Moscow. The fact is that oil is produced in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, but not processed. The main oil refineries are located in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, so the "black gold" makes a double path through the pipeline - from the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug and back.

Ugra is unofficially divided into fiefdoms of large oil companies. From the landlord (oil company) often depends on the well-being of a particular district of the district. Compare at least Surgut and Nefteyugansk. The first is the patrimony of Surgutneftegaz, which not only pays its employees, but also invests in the development of “its own” land. Therefore, the city and the region can be called very prosperous. And the neighboring Nefteyugansk, which was the capital of the Yukos empire, received practically no bonuses from its "owner". Wages remained low by county standards, and social sphere Yukos practically did not invest petrodollars and urban infrastructure.

One of business cards Yugra - torches of flared gas. These are tall chimneys with fire at the top. They stand outside the cities, but are clearly visible from the road. They look especially impressive at night. Flares are a consequence of the fact that oil comes to the surface along with natural gas. The gas is separated and burned to prevent possible explosions. This process is devoid of logic and unprofitable - gas could be used. But for now, oil companies are acting the old fashioned way, although they plan to put out the torches in the next few years. This is not just a clear picture of money going down the drain, but a huge harm to the environment.

Events and holidays

Day of the city in Khanty-Mansiysk it is celebrated on the first weekend of May.

The cold season traditionally ends International Festival cinematic debuts "Spirit of Fire". It traditionally attracts Russian and foreign stars.

The main holiday of Nizhnevartovsk is the Samotlor Nights festival. Takes place on the twentieth of June. This is the period of white nights, the whole city does not sleep, mass festivities, concerts and fireworks are held.

What to bring from the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug

Can be brought from the area various products local craftsmen made of leather, wood, birch bark, beads, fur. Do not miss the opportunity to try the famous Khanty-Mansiysk herring and sterlet. A good slice of fish. In general, fish dishes are the signature number of local chefs. In addition, they make amazing dumplings with venison in Khanty-Mansiysk.

Story

In the first half of the century, no one even seriously thought that there was oil in Ugra - attention was focused on the southern regions. Ivan Mikhailovich Gubkin, the founder of Soviet petroleum geology, was an apologist for the idea of ​​developing deposits in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. He persistently convinced the scientific community and party leaders that there could simply be colossal oil reserves in the north. But they were in no hurry to send expeditions to Yugra - it was much easier to pump "black gold" in warm Azerbaijan. Geologists came to KhMAO in the early 1960s. For several years they worked in the most difficult conditions. Not only the climate had an effect: Ugra is, of course, an incredible number of lakes, but a huge part of the district is occupied by swamps. Through these very swamps, workers and geologists had to drag equipment, since there were no roads at all. But the efforts were rewarded, deposits were discovered one after another - Surgut in 1962, the largest in Russia Samotlor - in 1965, and so on. Workers were drawn to the development, settlements grew into cities, roads and airports were built. It is impossible not to note a strange injustice: for some reason, a monument to Gubkin in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has not yet been erected.

Today, about 80 thousand people live in the capital of the district. Generally KhMAO city They “swell” like Moscow, people from all regions of the country come here to earn money. Traditionally, they travel from other oil regions - from Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, the republics of the North Caucasus, Azerbaijan, which explains high percent the Muslim population of Ugra, so that in the cities mosques coexist with Orthodox churches. But not only those who are going to work in the oil industry are coming. Salaries here are high in all areas: firstly, the rich region, and secondly, there are special "northern" allowances. True, prices are sometimes higher than in Moscow. Housing in major cities costs the same as in the capital.

Khanty and Mansi

The old Russian names for the indigenous peoples of Yugra, Khanty and Mansi, are Ostyaks and Voguls, respectively. These are kindred peoples. They have different languages, but belong to the same language group. Characteristic Mansi - their way of life is a cross between the way of taiga fishermen-hunters and steppe nomads. Both Khanty and Mansi look like Mongoloids, although they belong to the Ugric peoples, like European Hungarians, for example. Interestingly, many Khanty Blue eyes, although Mongoloids have light eyes - the rarest exception.

Khanty live in camps, but those who adhere to the traditional way of life are becoming less and less every year. AT Soviet times The Khanty sent their children to boarding schools. After studying, some of the youth remained in towns or cities, some returned to the camps. Now the situation has changed, children live with relatives in the villages, go to school. Few return to their parents' camps, and there are very few camps themselves. Ethnic settlements have survived, such as Russkinskaya in the Surgut region or Agana in Nizhnevartovsk. Such settlements are something like the next stage in the development of settlements after camps. People live in a civilization, but retain some features of traditional life - in Russkinskaya, for example, many still wear authentic clothes, ride in sleds, they only hitch them to snowmobiles. The villages have their own small ethnographic museums, folklore ensembles. With religion, everything is quite complicated - the Khanty and Mansi are very conservative and closed in this respect. Many are considered Orthodox, and if the cult of the spirits of ancestors has been preserved somewhere, this is not particularly covered. Sacred places in the taiga will never be shown to strangers.

There are fewer Mansi in KhMAO than Khanty. Most live in villages. Both the Mansi and the Khanty are now on the rise national consciousness. Newspapers and magazines are published in native languages, folk groups are actively supported, and works by Khanty and Mansi writers are published. The situation is typical for many regions where there are indigenous minorities, but in Ugra this process may also be related to the fact that the region is diligently promoting ethnographic tourism. This phenomenon has a downside: Indigenous peoples often feel that they are being turned into circus performers for the entertainment of tourists. They are not against ethnographic museums, but trips to the camps - that is, interference in their lives - do not approve at all.

Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin is a Mansi.

News

It is proposed to create a directorate for the regulation of tourism in the Kurgalsky reserve.

0 0 0

0 0 0

URAL federal district. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. The area is 534.8 thousand square kilometers. Formed on December 10, 1930.
The administrative center of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra - Khanty-Mansiysk

- subject Russian Federation, is part of the Ural Federal District, located in the central part West Siberian Plain. According to the charter of the Tyumen region, Yugra is part of the Tyumen region, but at the same time it is an equal subject of the Russian Federation.
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra part of the West Siberian economic region. The most important negative factor are harsh natural and climatic conditions and underdevelopment transport infrastructure. Alluvial gold and vein quartz are mined in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Deposits of brown and black coal have been discovered. Deposits of iron ores, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, manifestations of bauxite, etc. have been discovered. 60% of Russian oil is produced in Yugra.
Main industries: oil and gas production, gas processing, electric power industry, woodworking industry, production of building materials. AT agriculture animal husbandry of the dairy and meat direction, reindeer breeding prevails. Fur farming is developed (silver-black fox, blue fox, mink), hunting for fur-bearing animals, vegetable growing and potato growing in suburban areas.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra was formed on December 10, 1930 as the Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug, renamed on October 23, 1940 into the Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug.
Since 1978 - the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, in 2003 the Okrug received its current name Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Cities, Urban districts and Municipal districts of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.

Cities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (Ugra): Khanty-Mansiysk, Beloyarsky, Kogalym, Langepas, Lyantor, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Nizhnevartovsk, Nyagan, Pokachi, Pyt-Yakh, Rainbow, Soviet, Surgut, Uray, Yugorsk.

Urban districts of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra:
"City of Khanty-Mansiysk", "City of Kogalym", "City of Langepas", "City of Megion", "City of Nefteyugansk", "City of Nizhnevartovsk", "City of Nyagan", "City of Pokachi", "City of Pyt-Yakh", " Raduzhny City”, “Surgut City”, “Uray City”, “Yugorsk City”.

Municipal areas Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra:
Beloyarsky, Berezovsky, Kondinsky, Nefteyugansky, Nizhnevartovsky, Oktyabrsky, Sovetsky, Surgutsky, Khanty-Mansiysk.