How many percent of Russians have higher education. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the number of educated people

According to data released by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), more than half of Russian adults held higher education diplomas in 2012, more than in any other country in the world. In China, meanwhile, only four percent of the population could boast of a higher education in 2012 - this is the lowest figure.

The most educated, according to the results sociological research, it turns out the population of those countries where the cost of higher education is quite high, above the average of $13,957 per student. In the US, for example, this figure is $26,021 per student, the highest in the world.

Korea and the Russian Federation spent less than $10,000 per student in 2011, even below the global average. And yet, they confidently occupy a leading position among the most educated countries in the world.

Below is a list of countries with the most educated population in the world:

1) Russian Federation

> Percentage of population with tertiary education: 53.5%

> Cost per student: $7,424 (lowest)

More than 53% of Russian adults aged 25 to 64 had some form of higher education in 2012. This is the most high percent among all countries covered by the OECD study. The country has managed to achieve such exceptional performance despite record low spending of $7,424 per student, well below the average of $13,957. In addition, Russia is one of the few countries where education spending fell between 2008 and 2012.

2) Canada

> Percentage of population with tertiary education: 52.6%

> Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 2.3%

> Cost per student: $23,225 (2nd after the US)

More than half of adult Canadians in 2012 were graduates. Only in Canada and Russia, holders of diplomas of higher education among the adult population turned out to be the majority. However, Canada spent $23,226 per student in 2011, second only to the United States.

3) Japan

> Percentage of population with tertiary education: 46.6%

> Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 2.8%

> Cost per student: $16,445 (10th place)

As in the US, Korea, and Britain, much of the spending on higher education is private. Of course, this leads to more stratification society, however, it should be noted that, as in many other Asian countries, the Japanese tend to immediately after the birth of a child begin to save money for his education. Unlike other countries where there is no direct relationship between costs and quality of education, in Japan the high cost of education gives excellent results - literacy of 23% of the population is estimated top score. This is almost twice as high as the world average (12%).

4) Israel

> Percentage of population with tertiary education: 46.4%

> Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): no data

> Cost per student: $11,553

Most 18-year-old Israelis are called up for military service in the army for at least two years. Perhaps as a result of this circumstance, many residents of Israel receive higher education somewhat later than residents of other countries. However conscription does not negatively affect general level education in this country. 46% of Israeli adults had a tertiary education in 2012, although the cost per student is lower than that in other developed countries ($11,500).

5) USA

> Percentage of population with tertiary education: 43.1%

> Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 1.4% (lowest)

> Cost per student: $26,021 (highest)

In 2011, the US spent $26,000 per student, nearly double the average of $13,957 according to the OECD. Most of this amount is private spending. High price training, however, justifies itself, since a significant number of Americans have highly qualified in a variety of areas. It should be noted, however, that between 2008 and 2011, due to financial problems funds allocated for public education were significantly reduced.

21.10.2013

According to the latest report from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, as of 2011, experts estimate that 53.5% of the adult population in Russia had higher education diplomas equivalent to those in the United States. This is considered the highest percentage among developed OECD countries.

Website 24/7 Wall St. collected information on 10 countries with the highest proportion of adults with tertiary education.

Usually the most educated population in countries where spending at all levels of the education system is among the highest. The United States, for example, spent 7.3% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on education in 2010, sixth among the OECD countries surveyed.

Russia and Japan are exceptions to this trend. Annual consumption per student in Russia amounted to only 4.9% of GDP, or just over $5,000. Both figures are among the lowest among the countries reviewed in the report. In the United States, the cost per student was more than three times that.

In most countries with high levels of tertiary education, private spending accounted for a much larger share of total spending. Of the 10 countries with the highest levels of education, nine had very high total education spending, which was covered by private sources.

Many of the most educated countries tend to have higher levels of advanced skills. Japan, Canada and Finland - countries with highly educated populations - were among the most advanced countries in literacy and mathematics exam results. The US is a notable exception to this rule.

To determine the most educated countries in the world, website 24/7 Wall St. collected information on the 10 countries with the highest level of higher education of residents aged 25 to 64 in 2011. These data were included in the OECD country report "Education at a Glance 2013".

1. Russian Federation

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 53.5%

Education spending as a percentage of GDP: 4.9%

Statistics say that in 2011 more than half of Russia's population from 25 to 64 had higher education. In addition, almost 95% of the adult population had secondary specialized education.

For comparison, in other OECD countries this figure is on average 75%. In Russia, according to the OECD, "historically large investments in education."

However, the latest data has somewhat spoiled the educational image of the country. Reports show wide use corruption in the education system, including fraud on standard tests, selling dissertations to politicians and wealthy people.

2. Canada

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 51.3%

Average annual rate growth (2000-2011): 2.3%

Spending on education as a percentage of GDP: 6.6%

Since 2011, about one in four Canadian adults - the highest percentage in OECD countries - has received a career-oriented, skills-based education.

Canada spent $16,300 on upper secondary education in 2010, second only to the US, which spent more than $20,000 per student.

3. Japan

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 3.0%

Spending on education as a percentage of GDP: 5.1%

Japan spent a smaller percentage of its GDP on education than the OECD average. But the population of the country rising sun still one of the most educated in the world.

In addition, nearly 23% of Japanese adults had the highest literacy rate, twice that of the US.

The percentage of university graduates was also among the highest in the world. According to the OECD, the average annual cost per tertiary student in 2010 was significantly higher than the OECD average, and should rise further.

4 Israel

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 46.4%

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): no data

Spending on education as a percentage of GDP: 7.5%

In Israel, men between the ages of 18 and 21 and women between the ages of 18 and 20 are required to serve in the armed forces. According to the OECD, this has resulted in a much lower level of engagement in educational process this age group.

Average Graduate higher education institution in Israel is older than most OECD graduates. Annual expenses per student, starting from elementary school to the highest, significantly lower than in other countries.

5. United States

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 42.5%

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 1.4%

Public spending on education increased by 5% in OECD countries on average between 2008 and 2010. In the United States, however, spending fell 1% during that time.

However, the US spent more than $22,700 per student in 2010 at all levels of education, higher than the rest of the OECD.

American high school teachers with ten or more years of experience earn some of the highest salaries for the profession in the developed world.

However, American students aged 16-24 show the weakest math performance of any OECD country.

6. Korea

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 40.4%

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 4.9%

Spending on education as a percentage of GDP: 7.6%

Koreans have a fairly good chance of getting a job after completing their education. Only 2.6% of the adult population of the country who had degree equivalent to a bachelor's degree were unemployed.

Korean teachers earn some of the best salaries among OECD countries. AT percentage to GDP, spending on higher education and research programs in 2010 was the highest among the above countries. Most of the funds were non-governmental - 72.74%.

7. UK

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 39.4%

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 4.0%

Approximately three-quarters of higher education in the United Kingdom was privately funded in 2010, second only to Chile among the OECD countries surveyed.

The share of private spending on higher education has more than doubled since 2000. The overall spending on education has also increased. In addition, since 2000 British universities in count foreign students second only to universities in the United States.

8. New Zealand

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 2.9%

Education spending as a percentage of GDP: 7.3%

At the end high school, many New Zealanders receive technical education which requires the acquisition of skills. About 15% of the adult population received this type of education in college. Education spending in New Zealand in 2010 was 7.28% of GDP.

An estimated 21.2% of all New Zealand government spending went to education, nearly double the OECD average.

9. Finland

Percentage of population with tertiary education: 39.3%

Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 1.7%

Spending on education as a percentage of GDP: 6.5%

According to data recently released by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), more than half of Russian adults have tertiary degrees (2012) - the equivalent of a US college degree - more than in any other country surveyed. At the same time, in 2012, less than 4% of Chinese adults had such qualifications, less than in other countries. 24/7 Wall St. Edition represents the 10 countries with the highest rate of adults holding college degrees.

Typically, the most educated population is in countries where education spending is higher. Education spending in the six most educated countries was above the OECD average of $13,957. For example, the cost of such education in the US is $26,021 per student, the largest in the world.

Despite the magnitude of investment in education, there are exceptions. Korea and the Russian Federation spent less than $10,000 per student in 2011, well below the OECD average. However, they remain among the most educated.

Qualification does not always translate into great skills and skills. If among American college graduates only 1 in 4 has excellent literacy, then in Finland, Japan and the Netherlands such 35%. As Schleicher explains, “We usually assess people on formal diplomas, but the evidence suggests that the value of formal assessment of skills and abilities in different countries varies considerably."

To identify the most educated countries in the world, "24/7 Wall St." tested in 2012 the 10 countries with the highest number of residents aged 25 to 64 with higher education. The data is part of the 2014 OECD Education at a Glance report. 34 OECD member countries and ten non-member countries were considered. The report included data on the proportion of adults who received different levels of education, unemployment rates, and public and private spending on education. We also reviewed data from the OECD Adult Skills Survey, which included advanced adult skills in math and reading. The most recent education spending figures in countries are for 2011.

Here are the most educated countries in the world:

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 39.7%
• Average annual growth rate (2005-2012): 5.2% (fourth from the top)
• Higher education spending per student: $16,095 (twelfth from the top)

Nearly 40% of Irish adults between the ages of 25 and 64 had a tertiary education in 2012, ranked 10th among countries ranked by the OECD. Significant growth, since more than a decade ago, only 21.6% of adults received some form of higher education. Deteriorating employment chances in recent years have made higher education more attractive to the country's residents. Over 13% of the population was unemployed in 2012, one of the highest rates among the countries surveyed. However, the unemployment rate among college-educated adults was relatively low. The pursuit of higher education is particularly attractive to citizens of EU countries, as their tuition fees are heavily subsidized government agencies Ireland.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 40.6%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 2.9% (13th from the bottom)
• Higher education spending per student: $10,582 (15th from bottom)

The global financial crisis has not had as dramatic an impact on higher education spending in New Zealand as it has elsewhere. While public spending on education in a number of OECD member countries declined between 2008 and 2011, public spending on education in New Zealand rose by more than 20% in the same period, one of the largest increases. But still spending on higher education is low compared to other developed countries. In 2011, $10,582 per student was spent on higher education, less than the OECD average of $13,957. Despite less than average spending, however, spending on all other forms of education accounted for 14.6% of New Zealand's total government spending, more than any other country surveyed.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 41.0%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 4.0% (top 11)
• Higher education spending per student: $14,222 (top 16)

If many national economies, including the US, grew between 2008 and 2011, the UK economy contracted over the same period. Despite the recession, public spending on education as a percentage of GDP rose more than in any other country during this period. The United Kingdom is one of the few countries with Schleicher's "sustainable approach to financing higher education". Every student in the country has access to income-proportional loans, which means that as long as the student's income does not exceed a certain threshold, no repayment of the loan is required.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 41.3%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 3.5% (top 15)
• Higher education spending per student: $16,267 (11 top)

Over $16,000 has been spent on higher education per student in Australia, one of the highest levels in the OECD. Australia's higher education system is one of the most popular among students from other countries, it attracts 5% of international students. Compared to this, the United States, which has many times more educational institutions, attract only three times large quantity foreign students. And, apparently, higher education pays off for those graduates who stay in the country. The unemployment rate among local residents with tertiary education is lower than in almost all but a handful of countries assessed in 2012. In addition, almost 18% of adults demonstrate the highest level literacy rate for 2012 is significantly higher than the OECD average of 12%.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 41.7%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 4.8% (8 from top)
• Higher education spending per student: $9,926(12 from bottom)

Despite spending less than $10,000 per student graduating in 2011—less than anyone else on the list except Russia—Koreans are among the most educated in the world. Although in 2012 only 13.5% of Korean adults aged 55-64 have completed higher education, but among those aged 25-34, two-thirds of them. The 50% level was the largest improvement in a generation of any nation. Nearly 73% of spending on higher education in 2011 came from private sources, the second largest in the world. High levels of private spending lead to rising inequality. However, the growth of educational skills and educational mobility seem to be achieved through relatively objective access to higher education. Koreans were among those most likely to gain access to higher education out of all the countries assessed, according to the OECD.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 43.1%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 1.4% (lowest)
• Higher education spending per student: $26,021(highest)

In 2011, more than $26,000 was spent on tertiary education in the US for the average student, nearly double the OECD average of $13,957. Private spending in the form of tuition fees gives most these expenses. To some extent, the cost of higher education pays off because a large proportion of adults in the US are highly skilled. Due to slow growth in the past decade, the United States still lagged behind many states. Whereas spending on higher education per average student between 2005 and 2011 grew by 10% on average across OECD countries, spending in the US declined over the same period. And the US is one of six countries that cut spending on higher education between 2008 and 2011. Like other countries where education is under the jurisdiction of state authorities, higher education acquisition rates vary widely across the US, from 29% in Nevada to nearly 71% in the District of Columbia.

• Percentage of population with higher education: 46.4% %
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): No Data
• Higher education spending per student: $11,553 (top 18)

Most 18-year-old Israelis are required to complete at least two years of compulsory military service. Perhaps as a result of this, residents of the country complete higher education later than in other countries. However, compulsory conscription did not lower the level of higher education, in 2012 46% of adult Israelis had higher education. In the same 2011, more than $11,500 was spent on higher education for the average student, less than in most other developed countries. Low spending on education in Israel results in low teacher salaries. Newly hired high school teachers with minimal training received less than $19,000 in 2013, with an average OECD salary of over $32,000.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 46.6%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 2.8% (12th from the bottom)
• Post-secondary education costs per student: $16,445 (top 10)

As in the United States, Korea, and the United Kingdom, private spending provides the bulk of higher education spending in Japan. Although this often leads to social inequality, but Schleicher explains that, as in most Asian countries, Japanese families for the most part save money for the education of their children. Higher education spending and participation in higher education does not always translate into better academic skills. However, in Japan, high spending has led to best results, with over 23% of adults showing the highest level of skill, nearly double the OECD average of 12%. The younger students also seem to be well educated, as recently in 2012 Japan performed extremely well in the International Student Assessment Program in Mathematics.

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 52.6%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): 2.3% (8th from bottom)
• Post-secondary education costs per student: $23,225(top 2)

More than half of Canadian adults in 2012 had a tertiary education, the only country outside of Russia where the majority of adults have some sort of tertiary education. Canadian education spending for the average student in 2011 was $23,226, approaching US spending. Canadian students of all ages appear to be very well educated. High school students outperformed students from most countries in math in 2012 on PISA. And almost 15% of the country's adults demonstrated the highest level of skill – compared to the OECD average of 12%.

1) Russian Federation

• Percentage of population with tertiary education: 53.5%
• Average annual growth rate (2000-2011): no data
• Higher education spending per student: $27,424 (lowest)

More than 53% of Russian adults aged between 25 and 64 had some form of higher education in 2012, more than any other country estimated by the OECD. The country has achieved such a remarkable level of engagement despite having the lowest spending on higher education. Russia's spending on higher education was just $7,424 per student in 2010, almost half of the OECD average of $13,957. In addition, Russia is one of the few countries where spending on education decreased between 2008 and 2012.

WASHINGTON, December 15th. /Corr. TASS Ivan Lebedev/. Literacy on the planet has been increasing in the last two decades at a low rate and is now only 84%.

This means that 781 million adults in different countries, or approximately one in ten inhabitants of the Earth, cannot read and write at all, according to the research center of the American online publication Globalist.

The Center prepared a report based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

The eradication of illiteracy was rapidly after the Second World War, but in the current century has slowed down a lot, experts say. From 1950 to 1990, literacy increased from 56% to 76%, rising to 82% in the next ten years. However, since 2000 this figure has increased by only 2%.

According to the authors of the report, this is due in general to extremely low level socio-economic development of countries Central Africa and Western Asia, home to 597 million people who cannot read or write. "They make up 76% of all illiterate people in the world," the document says. The only encouraging fact is that the literacy rate among young people in the states of South and West Asia is noticeably higher than that of the older generation.

In general, literacy among boys and girls aged 15 to 24 worldwide, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, is now 90%. "This figure seems high, but it still means that 126 million young people cannot read and write," experts say. research center"Globalist".

They also point out that, in general, literacy among boys is 6% higher than among girls, and the most big gap in this area is observed, naturally, in the poorest Muslim countries. Of the 781 million illiterate people on the planet, two-thirds are women. More than 30% of them (187 million) live in India.

Statistics by country

India generally has the most a large number of illiterate inhabitants - 286 million people. The list is followed by China (54 million), Pakistan (52 million), Bangladesh (44 million), Nigeria (41 million), Ethiopia (27 million), Egypt (15 million), Brazil (13 million), Indonesia (12 million). ) and Democratic Republic Congo (12 million). These ten countries account for more than two-thirds of all illiterate people on Earth.

American experts also emphasize that, despite the high absolute indicator, the relative illiteracy rate in China is only 5% of the population. The authors of the report are confident that "in the coming decades" illiteracy in China will be completely eliminated. According to them, this is evidenced by the fact that the literacy rate among Chinese youth is now 99.6%.

Last week, Assistant to the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Olga Golodets was on a working visit to Anapa, where she visited children's institutions and social facilities. During her visit to the all-Russian children's center Smena, the Deputy Prime Minister told reporters that two-thirds of Russians do not need a higher education. This statement of the official caused a lot of publications in the press, most of which expresses clear disapproval of such a view of the Deputy Prime Minister on the need for higher education for Russians. To what extent does the Russian system of higher education meet the needs of the country's economy, and how justified are the views of the Deputy Prime Minister on this system?

What did Olga Golodets tell reporters?

According to the Deputy Prime Minister, in Russia, from the point of view of the economy, 65% of the able-bodied population does not need higher education. “We have a calculated balance, it is approximately 65% ​​by 35%. At the same time, 65% are people who do not need higher education. Therefore, in the near future, the proportion in the economy will change in the direction of increasing the proportion of people without higher education,” the official told reporters in Anapa. On the basis of what data this “balance” was calculated, the official did not specify, but many central publications immediately published information from VTsIOM, according to which in 2010 only 23% of Russian citizens were holders of a diploma of higher education. Olga Golodets's statement caused a lot of criticism in the blogosphere, especially against the background of the fact that within his family, the Deputy Prime Minister considers only 100% higher education acceptable. Another Deputy Prime Minister of the government, Dvorkovich, was even forced to come up with explanations about the statement of his colleague in the Cabinet, saying that Olga Golodets’s words that higher education is not needed by most of the Russian population were misinterpreted and we are talking only for some professions. How Deputy Prime Minister Dvorkovich managed to interpret the very specific figures and words of his colleague in this way was not reported. But it is noteworthy that the decision about what and how much the citizens of Russia need in the field of education (and not only) is taken by an official, whose public statements need special explanations and interpretations.

How many universities are there in Russia?

Today at Russian system higher education includes more than 900 institutions of higher education. Of these, about two thirds are public and one third are private. The number of students in all universities is approximately 5 million people, about 1 million people entered the first year last year, a little more than half of them budget places. Less than 3 million Russians study in the system of primary and secondary vocational education. Experts say that the ratio should be reversed - people with higher education need about one and a half times less than specialists with secondary primary vocational education.

In the 60s of the last century in the USSR there was such a proportion, but over time the number of university graduates began to grow, while vocational schools and technical schools, on the contrary, decreased. After the collapse of the USSR, this process took on an avalanche-like character: private universities began to grow like mushrooms after rain, and primary and secondary vocational education fell into complete decline.

At the beginning of the 2000s, the number of places in the country's universities was equal to the number of school graduates, although one of the reasons for this was the demographic gap of that period.

Is there a lot of higher education in Russia compared to other countries?

When Deputy Prime Minister Golodets said that in Russia there should be no more than 35% of people with higher education, she probably relied on data on a certain age category of Russian citizens. Today, about half of the graduates Russian schools go to higher educational establishments. According to the European social research 2010, in the age range of 25-39 years, the share of Russians with higher education is 39%. According to this indicator, our country is in close positions with such states as Poland, Israel, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain. That is, our state is neither a leader nor an outsider among developed countries in terms of coverage of the population with higher education. We lag behind Norway, where more than half of the citizens have higher education diplomas, but we are three times superior to the Czech Republic and twice Portugal.

China lags far behind us in terms of the prevalence of higher education - in 1998 there were less than 900 thousand people with HE in this country, in 2013 there were more than 6 million people. Although the growth dynamics is very impressive, but in relation to its 1.4 billion population, this is only a fraction of a percent.

Sometimes, when criticizing the Russian system of higher education, Japan is cited as an example, arguing that the enrollment of HE citizens there is close to 100%. Such data is not true. In this country with a population of 127 million people, the number of universities is about 800, which is comparable to Russia per capita. There are less than 200 state-owned ones, it is difficult to enter a university, education is quite expensive and not affordable for most Japanese (six years of study at medical faculty State University of Tokyo costs 3.5 million, which today corresponds to about 2 million rubles. Studying at a private university is much more expensive). As a result, as of 2010, 45% of Japanese had a diploma of higher education.

What is the quality of Russian higher education?

Higher education began to degrade back in the days of the USSR, when the prestige of many professions requiring higher education, for example, the profession of an engineer, began to decline. AT recent history Russia took a course towards the commercialization of education, officials explicitly stated that education should be profitable (although it was not specified to whom), many non-core faculties began to open in universities, for which there were not enough required number of teachers. Not to mention the fact that no one in the government thought about the demand for specialists of such a profile and in such a quantity for the country's economy: there was an idea that the supply and demand of the market themselves would “put things in order” in the industry. All this “development” was accompanied by endless education reforms, mergers and enlargements of universities, the introduction Bologna system from which many strong European universities refuse. In Russia, “Bolonization” was carried out under the auspices of integration into the Western educational system. Against the backdrop of today's difficult relations between Russia and the West, the ongoing efforts of our officials to further promote this "integration" look very surprising. At the Higher School of Economics, for example, they spend a lot of effort and government money on teaching specialized subjects at English language with constant professional development of teachers, with the corresponding expensive methodological support, with the purchase of the equipment necessary to ensure the process. And all this is necessary for a specialist to master English at the level of a language university, receive an appropriate certificate and a diploma recognized in the West. It is not clear why our state needed to nurture specialists who plan to leave to work abroad at considerable expense. By the way, the word “knowledge” is never mentioned in the document. There is no place for him, only "competence". Development of competencies "by pressing the right button" - the competence "by pressing the left" will be prepared by the neighboring department.

All this stormy activity of our officials in the field of education affected the latter in the most sad way. Not everywhere, of course. There are still universities in the country that graduate quite decent specialists (not for nothing that various TNCs like Intel or Microsoft hastened to open many of their branches in Russia), but there are relatively few such universities. In the rest, there is a race for “payers”, forcing students to sign up for all kinds of additional paid courses, completely out of line with the needs of the labor market.

Only one thing can serve as weak consolation in what is happening - similar situation develops not only in Russia. There are a number of elite and very expensive universities in Europe (mainly in the UK) and the USA, which provide a decent education, but in the mass segment, higher education in both the States and Europe looks rather dull. Among other things, the US higher education system is in many ways a financial bubble like a mortgage. Educational loans issued in this country have exceeded a trillion dollars, and the number of defaults on them is growing rapidly.

Why did the government need to reduce the number of universities?

Neither the number of specialists produced by our system of higher education, nor the range of these specialties, for the most part, meet the needs of the market. In addition, a significant part of commercial universities is, in fact, a "diploma factory". Establishing elementary order in this area is undoubtedly not superfluous. Improving the education system is also a completely natural process - neither science nor industry stand still. More precisely, they should not stand. But this should be done in an evolutionary way, while maintaining a certain foundation in education, ensuring the continuity of knowledge, taking into account cultural and historical traditions countries. Today, the reformist activities of the government in the field of education are carried out under the auspices of raising primary and secondary vocational education. It is believed that the need for this market is gigantic, and lazy Russians simply do not want to work and go to universities, only to "slope" from the army. Regarding the army, such statements are partly true. Otherwise, the desires of school graduates are dictated not so much by a lack of understanding of their place in life as by the requirements of the labor market. The employer today prefers, first of all, a ready-made specialist, at worst a young one, but with a higher education. Education can be non-core, which in the case of "office plankton" is not very important. It’s just that the candidate’s lack of a VO means only one thing - this is not just a “victim” of education reforms, it is most likely a “super victim”. With all the consequences.

As for the overabundance of specialists with higher education and the shortage in the segment of primary and secondary vocational education, this situation has developed by no means due to problems in the field of education. Against the background of the destruction of production and science in the country, the need for jobs is also declining. Hidden unemployment in Russia is tens of percent. The complaints of some manufacturers that a decent turner or other professional in production cannot be found during the day with fire are justified. The only trouble is that today the number of such operating industries is very small, and these enterprises cannot create a labor market, according to the needs of which it is possible to build a full-fledged education system. It is much easier to attract guest workers, although not always of decent qualifications, but inexpensive.

In other words, building an education system begins with some effort to create an economy that will need educated professionals. Apparently, our government is not prepared for such efforts either morally or in terms of "competencies". "Optimize" is more familiar.