Writes indefinite form. Useful video: Indefinite form of the verb

When it comes to the form of the verb, we say: “Build the verb in the form of 2 persons plural future tense." Based on this, we can say that the form of the verb is person + number + time. Building your answer according to this formula, you will never miss anything. Now let's move on to the definition of all three terms.

Person and number to determine the form of the verb

The face is the one who performs the action. To determine it, ask a question to the verb who? or what? If the answer is:

• I / we - then this is a 1st person verb, it refers directly to the speaker or the group of people in which he is a member. For example: I cook, we build;
• you / you - this is a 2nd person verb, it refers to the one / those with whom we are talking. For example: you lie, you go,
• he / she / it / they - then this is a 3rd person verb, it refers to someone else (not to the speaker and not to the interlocutor). For example: he runs, she drinks, they are friends.

Time to determine the form of the verb

Determining the time is very simple: it is done almost intuitively:

• In present tense verbs, the action is happening now, right now. Even if the time is not indicated in the sentence, you can understand it yourself. For example: sculpt (when?) now building (when?) today,
• in past tense verbs, the action takes place in the past: yesterday, a week ago, etc. For example: drawing (when?) yesterday,
• in future tense verbs, the action will only take place in an hour, tomorrow, etc. For example: learn (when?) tomorrow.

Infinitive

Verbs in the indefinite form do not have gender, person, or number, but they do have an aspect. These verbs end in -ty, -ty or -who. Their form is determined using the question:

• what to do?, then he is not perfect look. For example: (what to do?) read ;
• if a question is asked about the verb what to do?, he is perfect. For example: (what to do?) read.

Other verbs also have aspect, but this is not indicated when determining their form. It is worth noting that perfective verbs do not have a present tense, because the action is either completed in the past or will be completed in the future.

It is easy to determine the form of the verb, since everything is done almost intuitively, the main thing is to remember the algorithm: person + number + time.

A verb in its initial or indefinite form is called an infinitive. The infinitive always answers the question "what to do?" or "what to do?" Never possible for initial form ask questions: “what is she doing?”, “what will she do?”, “what will she do?”, “what did she do?”, “what did she do? " etc. That is, the infinitive, by definition, has minimal amount morphological features.

Examples. The verb "go" answers the question "what to do?". Accordingly, it is a verb in an indefinite (initial) form, or an infinitive. However, the verbs “goes”, “will go”, “go” answer the questions “what is he doing?”, “what will he do?”, “?”. These verbs already have morphological features- persons, numbers and times - and are not infinitives.

Another example. The verb "write" answers the question "what to do?" and is an infinitive. From this initial form, verbs are formed in the past and future tenses, first, second and third persons, singular and plural: “wrote”, “wrote”, “”, “”, “will write”.

In other words, the verb in the infinitive is always the zero (indefinite) form, from which one can always form different forms the same word in different persons and numbers. This process is called conjugation.

What features of the verb can be determined by the initial form

If the infinitive is initial, zero, indefinite form verb, is it possible to determine any features of this part of speech, or morphological features? Yes, you can define constants, signs of the verb.

Firstly, according to the indefinite form, it is possible to determine the types of the verb - perfect or. Verb imperfect form in the initial form answers the question "what to do?" and denotes an unfinished action. For example, “walk”, “”, “sing”, “”, etc. The perfective verb in the infinitive answers the question "what to do?" and denotes a completed, finished action. For example, “walk”, “read”, “sing”, “compose”, “fly”, etc.

Secondly, by the infinitive you can determine. There are two conjugations - the first and the second. The first conjugation includes all verbs that in the infinitive end in -et, -at, -ut, -ot, -t, -yt, and a few exception verbs in -it. The second conjugation is most of verbs in -it, as well as some exception verbs in -at, -yat and -et.

Lesson topic: "Indefinite form of verbs."

It is called indefinite, because neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender of the verb can be determined from it.

Listen to the poem, find the verbs.

It's good, friends, to walk

On the trail with a backpack.

It's great to jump across the field

Riding a horse.

It's also nice to take the express -

flashes in the window there is a meadow and a forest.

Slide good for the waves

On a sea ship.

But it's better to race in the sky

On a steel liner. (I. Kholin)

Walk, jump (what to do?),

sit down (what to do?),

slide (what to do), rush (what to do?).

Verbs in the indefinite form answer the question what to do? or what to do? This is the initial form of the verb. Its peculiarity is that neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender are determined by it.

Verb flicker(what will he do?) is used in the form of the future tense, singular, 3rd person. You will learn to identify the face of verbs in grade 4.

Find out Pushkin's fairy tales, from which excerpts were taken, and find in them verbs that are in an indefinite form. How do you distinguish them?

Verbs in the indefinite form answer the question what to do? or what to do?

The mirror property had:

It speaks well...

“You, queen, are sweeter than all,

All blush and whiter.

And the queen laugh

And shrug your shoulders

And wink your eyes

And snap your fingers...

"Tale of dead princess and about the seven heroes.

Verbs in the indefinite form:

what to do?

speak

laugh

shake

wink

snap

Tsar Dadon in his old age wanted

Take a break from military affairs

And make yourself calm.

Here the neighbors disturb

Became an old king

Doing terrible harm to him.

So that the ends of their possessions

Protect from attacks

He should have kept

Numerous army.

"The Tale of the Golden Cockerel".

what to do?

bother

guard

what to do?

relax

arrange

If you want, remember.

Verbs that answer the question what to do? are imperfective verbs. Verbs that answer the question what to do? are perfective verbs.

Verbs that answer the questions what to do? and what to do?, are considered different words , even if they are the same root. They differ from each other in some parts of the basis and therefore are different in meaning.

What to do?

laugh

shake

speak

What to do?

for laughing

reap

before talking

laugh - laugh

The words are distinguished by the prefix za- (the prefix za- means "to start the action").

shake(root press -) - shake(root zha-)

The verb to shake refers to an action that is performed often (repeatedly), the verb to shake refers to an action that is performed once (once).

speak - agree

The words are distinguished by the prefix do- (the prefix do- means "finish the action").

In order not to switch from one verb to another, you need to follow the prefix in the question.

1. Put a question to the form of the verb and find out if there is a prefix C in the question - or not.

2. Ask a question of indefinite form with or without the prefix C-.

3. Name the indefinite form of the desired verb.

The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in -ty or -ty(go , get out , find , carry , crawl ). Scientists have not yet agreed on how to call this part of the word. Some consider it an ending, while others consider it a suffix.

Sometimes the indefinite form of the verb ends in -chi, but these letters are part of the root:

guard - guard(root guard-, guard-), lie down - lie down(root lie-, lie down-).

In the indefinite form of verbs, if it ends in something other than -ti, it is always written ь. It is also written after the letter h (-ch) - this is the spelling for the rule: ь in the indefinite form of the verb.

Determine the tense of the verbs and find the indefinite form.

flowed- what did you do?, prosh.v., what to do?, leak(root tech-flow)

shearing- what do I do ?, present in., what to do ?, cut(root cut-cut)

save save(root shore-protect)

I will carry away- what will I do ?, bud.v., what to do ?, captivate(root attract-attract)

Vowel letters in the indefinite form of verbs before -t are most often suffixes. They can be different: -a, -e, -i, -i, -o.

If they are unstressed, then there is always a spelling in their place. These letters-suffixes cannot be determined by the rule, they can only be learned from a dictionary and memorized.

Suffix -a: hear, swim, jump, listen

Suffix -e: see, offend, depend

Suffix -i: build, iron, cook, glue, put, build

Suffix -i: bark, melt, winnow, sow

Let's find the verb in the indefinite form.

The wind is barely audible,

Linden sighs by the garden...

Sensitive music lives everywhere -

In the rustle of grass

In the noise of oak forests

You just need to listen.(V. Semernin)

What is he doing?, sings, sighs, lives- verbs in the present tense.

What to do?, listen - verb in the indefinite form.

Verbs often have a special suffix -sya or -s. It is special because it is after -Т. To distinguish it from other suffixes, scientists gave it its own name - postfix ("attached after").

Form indefinite verbs using the given suffixes and prefixes.

Prefixes VZ-, ON-, PRI-, FROM-.

Roots -DREM-, -CASHL-, -DANCE-.

Suffixes -IVA-, -NU-, -YVA-, -А-, -Я-, -СЯ.

Take a nap - prefix vz-, suffix -well-,

on drowsiness - prefix on-, suffix -a,

for coughing - prefix po-, suffix -i-,

from coughing - prefix from-, suffix -i-,

dance - prefix po-, suffix -a-,

when dancing - prefix at-, suffix -yva-,

from dancing - prefix from-, suffix -yva-.

Who is eating.

The proboscis fly can only suck up liquid food. Some butterflies have incisor-like teeth at the end of their proboscis, with which they can gnaw through the peel of fruits and drink their juice! Eight flexible tentacles with suction cups help the octopus grab and hold any prey very tightly. With a long neck, a giraffe is able to reach tree shoots. A snail living in a shell is able to cut and grind food with its tongue. The spider can produce sticky silk for a web in which insects must fall. There are cobwebs with lids, then the prey cannot escape from it.

Can (what to do?) suck,

can (what to do?) gnaw and drink,

help (what to do?) grab and hold,

able (what to do?) to get,

capable (what to do?) to cut and grind,

can (what to do?) develop,

should (what to do?) get caught,

what to do? don't slip away.

During holidays.

Well early in the summer….and…to the lake. It's nice ... in the sun, ... in clear water, ... mushrooms, berries in the forest, ... birds singing. Interesting ....for the behavior of insects, ....with friends in football. It is useful ... in the garden and in the garden, ... for the elders in the household.

During holidays.

It's good in summer to get up early (what to do?) and (what to do?) go to the lake. It’s nice (what to do?) to sunbathe in the sun, (what to do?) to swim in clear water, (what to do?) to pick mushrooms, berries in the forest, (what to do?) to listen to birdsong. It is interesting (what to do?) to observe the behavior of insects, (what to do?) to play football with friends. It is useful (what to do?) to work in the garden and in the garden, (what to do?) to help the elders with the housework.

How to cook pancakes.

It is necessary (take) half a liter of kefir, (add) a little salt, sugar and soda, (beat) one egg and (pour) into this mass, (add) flour and everything (mix). You can (bake).

Let's put the verbs in the indefinite form.

take - what do we do ?, what to do ?, take

add - what do we do ?, what to do ?, add

whip - what do we do ?, what to do ?, beat

pour out - what shall we do?, what shall we do?, pour out

add - what do we do ?, what to do ?, add

mix - what do we do ?, what to do ?, mix

bake - what do we do ?, what to do ?, oven

How to cook pancakes.

You need to take half a liter of kefir, add a little salt, sugar and soda, beat one egg and pour into this mass, add flour and mix everything. You can bake.

(What to do?) Dress or wear? These two words are often confused.

The verbs put on and put on are similar, but they have different meanings.

You can dress someone, but only wear something for yourself.

So it's correct to say:

put on (something)

form

coat

shoes

the dress

suit

dress (someone)

child

doll

girl

sick

baby

In the lesson, you learned that verbs in the indefinite form answer the question what to do? or what to do? This is the initial form of the verb. Its peculiarity is that neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender are determined by it.

The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in -ty or -ty, sometimes in -ch. In the indefinite form of verbs, if it ends in something other than -ti, it is always written ь.

1. M.S.Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya creative tasks In Russian. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. Cdo.omrc.ru ().
3. Oldskola1.narod.ru ().

• Read the poem. What is the main part of speech in it? Indicate in what form the words of this part of speech are used? Emphasize this form.

Don't stop me from dreaming!

I'd like a bag of candy

Expand, chew, suck,

Smack, smack, gobble,

Long, long do not swallow,

Enjoy, savor.

• Put questions to these verbs. Form an indefinite form from them and emphasize the sign of the initial form.

I carried, I ran, I whistled, I drove, I cut, I searched, I drew.

• Write out the verbs in the indefinite form from the poem in two columns.

What to do? What to do?

You don't have to go to your mom...

No need to beg your sister...

You don't have to call

No need to wait

The ability to form an indefinite form, to recognize it in the text, to distinguish it from other forms of the verb is necessary not only in the study of the verb, but also in the formation of its forms. Various tasks, exercises, work with tables will help develop this skill.

In school practice, to identify an indefinite form, the teacher most often uses only questions (what to do?) (What to do?), Paying little attention to a detailed acquaintance with this form. For example, errors are very common in the definition of verbs such as carry, protect. However, these errors can be prevented if, already upon acquaintance with an indefinite form, such a table is offered to students.

This table will help to recognize the indefinite form by external formal signs (final -ty, -ch or -ty). The number of verbs in the indefinite form in -ti and –ch is small. Students should be introduced to the most common of them:

Verbs in -ti:

go, go, drag, carry, lead, row, revenge, carry, find to graze, weave, crawl, grow, scrape, shake, bloom.

These verbs can be included in the exercises.

1. From various forms verbs in -ti form an indefinite form: sweeps - revenge, carried - carry, etc.

2. Put these verbs in the form of the 1st person singular: row - row, find - find, etc.

3. From these verbs with the help of various prefixes, form new ones: weave - braid, weave, weave, etc.

4. Using the verbs to carry, rake, revenge, go, come, carry, compose a coherent text on the topic “On a subbotnik”.

Similar work is carried out with verbs in -ch.

Verbs in -ch:

cherish, reach, burn, lie down, clothe, doom, renounce, bake, help, neglect, shear, guard, flog, flow, crush, captivate, harness

Very often, children form non-literary forms from verbs in -ch: “burns”, “teket”, etc. To avoid this, you need to lead them to the conclusion that only in the 1st person singular and in the 3rd person plural the numbers of these verbs retain the sounds g and k (burn - burn, bake - bake), and in other forms there is an alternation of g - f and k - h (burn - burn, burn, burn, burn; flow - flow, flow, flow , flow).

Accordingly, the reverse operation also makes it difficult for students, that is, the formation of an indefinite form from personal forms of verbs, for example: shore, reach, lie down, flow, get carried away, shear, renounce, guard.

Students also experience difficulties in the formation of an indefinite form from impersonal verbs(by the way, the comparison of the 3rd person and the indefinite form is especially important from the point of view of spelling), so it is useful to practice tasks such as finding the indefinite form from impersonal verbs: it gets dark early (to get dark).

I want to sleep, it becomes cool, I feel the approach of spring, it seems quite adult.

How well the students learned to find the indefinite form from which the verb is formed will be shown by the results of such a task.

Write out verbs from each sentence and choose an indefinite form for them.

1) The boy walked barefoot, and carried his shoes in a bag.

2) I cleaned the kettle, got some water and went to the fire.

3) The old man smiles, winks, squats down.

4) The short summer night was leaving, in the east the dawn was already reddening, the stars were slowly fading.

5) It's getting dark outside, but we don't want to go back.

6) Styopka spread his arms and lies on his back, his hat is lying on the sand.

7) Evening shadows fall on the ground, merge, fill the streets with darkness.

Spelling work in the study of an indefinite form can be accompanied by work on the development of speech,

1. Choose synonyms for these verbs (also verbs in an indefinite form).

Be shy (fear), argue (prove), submit (obey), motivate (justify), command (send), restore (restore), export (export), import (import), discuss (argue), stimulate (encourage), blame (reproach, reproach), hope (hope), study (study), cherish (undead, cherish), zealous (try), oppose (object)

2. Choose antonyms for these verbs (also verbs in an indefinite form).

Punish (forgive), rush (slow down), chat (be silent), praise (scold), extinguish (ignite), chill (warm up), cry (laugh), start (finish), agree (object), appear (disappear), spoil (fix), love (hate), climb (sink), thaw (freeze), rest (work), dawn (dusk), cool (heat), despair (hope), build (destroy), work (idle).

3. Replace these phrases with verbs that are close in meaning.

To languish from idleness (to be bored), to fish (to fish), to win (to win), to be afraid (to be afraid), to send a telegram (telegraph), to go back (to return), to improve in something (to qualify), to undergo an exam (to be examined ), understand something (orient), regain consciousness (wake up), move to another country (emigrate), confess mistakes (repent), release from charges (rehabilitate).

4. Explain the meaning of phraseological units using synonymous verbs. With phraseological turns make sentences.

To beat with a forehead (ask), to beat the buckets (to mess around), to bring to clean water(expose), hack on the nose (remember), turn up the nose (be proud), nod (doze off), pout (offended), hang your head (be discouraged), come to your senses (come to your senses).

Exercises for various substitutions should be carried out throughout the entire study of the verb (2-3 minutes at the end of the lesson). Some attention should also be paid to paronyms, that is, words that are different in meaning, but similar in pronunciation, such as: gape - shine, import - export, put on - dress, reject - refute, present - provide, etc. These words you can pronounce it in class, write it out in a student dictionary, include it in dictations, come up with sentences with them; it is useful to look up their meanings in the explanatory dictionary.

When repeating morphology in high school, students should remember that verbs in an indefinite form can be different members of a sentence: subject (To study is always useful), predicate (Our task is to study), definition (I got the opportunity to study), addition (We agreed to study only good and excellent), circumstance (The guys came to the city to study).

The suggestions below will help consolidate this information.

1) I went out into the air to freshen up (L.).

2) Riding this horse was a pleasure for Rostov (L.T.).

3) I lay down on the camp bed to rest a little (T.).

4) I saw the need to change the conversation (P.).

5) I have an innate passion to contradict (L.).

6) The sun was just beginning to rise (L.T.).

In contact with

Indefinite verbs are used in dictionaries. What is an infinitive? Features are as follows:

1. Verbs in the indefinite form answer the questions "what to do?" and “what to do?”.
2. Endowed with grammatical features of the form (perfect or imperfect).
3. It is returnable and non-returnable.
4. Saved.
5. When forming, the suffixes of the indefinite form of the verb -t, -ti, -ch are used. For some verbs it is –st, -sti.

Important! Any verbal word form can be put in the initial one with the help of the question “what to do?” or “what to do?”.

Such word forms are called indefinite because it is impossible to determine their main grammatical features: time, person, mood, gender and number, which distinguishes them from the rest.

Indefinite form of the verb: signs

Signs of the indefinite form of the verb

The main features are the endings of verbs in -ti, -t and -ch. The questions “what to do?” will help determine this. and “what to do?”.

Examples of Education

The infinitive ends with the suffix -ti if it is preceded by a consonant: come, crawl, shake. The suffix -т is used after vowels: write, fly, shoot, pull.

In some words ending in -ch, there is no ending in the initial form, and -ch is included in the structure of the root. For example, attract, bake, protect, crush.

How to use the indefinite form of a verb

The infinitive is needed to form other verb forms and spell checking.

Often the endings of verbs in personal word forms are unstressed, which raises doubts about their writing. To check spelling, you need to know how to put a verb in the indefinite form.

For example:

• Build - What to do? build. So, it is correct to write the ending -ish.
• Glues, glued - What to do? glue. Correct writing-it and -il.
• Hated - What to do? hate. Correctly write the vowel -e.

The unstressed suffix in the infinitive indicates its spelling in the past tense, in the gerund and participle form.

Glue - glued - gluing - gluing - gluing.

What is a reflexive or irrevocable verb

Sometimes for derivational suffix-ty, -ty, -whose additional postfix -sya or -ss is used. For example, pray, take care, ask, take cover.

Postfix allows you to define the returnable and non-returnable form.

The rule explains that word forms with -sya (-s) are considered reflexive and mean the action of someone or something directed at themselves, the contact or position of the object. For example, tip over, deteriorate, equip, wade.

Irreversible infinitives express an action to someone or something. For example, winding, eavesdropping, ironing.

reflexive verb

Signs of transitive and intransitive infinitive

Transitivity in an indefinite form allows you to identify additional word, indicating the object or phenomenon involved in the action.

As an additional word is used:

• Noun or pronoun used in accusative and no suggestion. For example, put on a coat, cook dinner.
• Noun (accusative or Genitive), expressing the ratio or share of something and used without a preposition. For example, pour tea, wait for guests.
• A negative expression with an infinitive uses a noun or a pronoun in the genitive. For example, not to have a chance, not to hurt her.

Additional words give meaning to the infinitive, and without them the essence of what is happening is lost. Some part of the action is transferred to objects or circumstances, they acquire a clear semantic load.

In the intransitive infinitive, the action denotes one word.

Perfect and imperfect species

Verbs are classified into perfect and imperfect.

Imperfect characterize an action that lasts without a specific time reference. These actions can be called eternal, there is no indication of their completeness or incompleteness. They ask the question “What to do?”.

• I'm about to go on a trip.
• Street lights began to go out.

Perfect infinitives indicate completed action or something that is bound to happen. The result can already be observed or it is still to be expected. The question "What to do?" is used.

• After opening the can, the contents must be transferred.
• Did you receive instructions on what to report?

Known a minor part of dual infinitives. They are used in both forms in one word form. They are defined by meaning. For dual verbs in the infinitive, you can put a standard question.

• Tomorrow the entire area should be cleared. - "What to do?".
• Clean up trash on your desk and in your room. - "What to do?".
• Need to explore the city. - "What to do?".
• They were to explore the city at dawn. - "What to do?"

Perfect and imperfect view