This article describes the main aspects of the method reinforcement of structures with carbon fiber, or more precisely, the technology of external reinforcement of building structures with composite materials based on carbon fibers. This material serves to get acquainted with the basics of this technology, the variability of the materials used, but cannot be used as a technological or design guide due to its superficiality and generality.

Structural reinforcement with carbon fiber- a relatively new method for Russia - the first objects implemented in our country date back to 1998. This method consists in gluing high-strength carbon fiber onto the surface of the structure, which absorbs part of the effort, thereby increasing the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced element. Special structural adhesives (binder) based on epoxy resins or mineral binder are used as glue. Due to the high physical and mechanical characteristics of carbon fiber, it is possible to increase the load-bearing capacity of a structure practically without losing the usable volume of the premises and increasing the dead weight of the building - the thickness of the reinforcing elements is usually from 1 to 5 mm.

It should be understood that " carbon fiber" is a material (like concrete, for example), not a finished product. Carbon fiber is used to make a whole range of materials, some of which are used in construction - carbon tapes, lamellas and meshes .

In the vast majority of cases carbon fiber reinforcement used for reinforced concrete structures - this is due to the high technical and economic indicators of the implementation of such projects. However, this technology is also applicable to metal, wooden and stone buildings and structures.

Constructive decisions.

When designing the reinforcement of structures with carbon fiber, it is necessary to be guided by the Code of Rules SP 164.1325800.2014 "Reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with composite materials. Design rules."

Reinforcement of floor slabs and beams is carried out by sticking carbon fiber in the most stressed areas - usually in the center of the span along the lower edge of the structure. This increases their bearing capacity in terms of bending moments. All types of carbon materials are suitable for solving such problems - tapes, lamellas and meshes.

In addition, for beams it is often required to perform reinforcement of support zones to increase the bearing capacity under the action of transverse forces (along an inclined crack). For this, U-shaped clamps made of carbon tapes, or nets, are glued.

Carbon tapes and sipes are sometimes used in combination, since their installation method and adhesive compositions are similar. The use of carbon meshes generally eliminates the use of tapes and lamellas in connection with the production of "wet" types of work.

Reinforcement of columns occurs by pasting them with carbon tapes, or grids in the transverse direction. Thus, the effect of "bondage" is achieved and the transverse deformations of concrete are restrained according to a similar principle with "concrete in a pipe", or "triaxial compression".

Execution of work. Surface preparation.

When reinforcing reinforced concrete structures with carbon fiber work begins with the layout of the structure- zones are drawn in which reinforcement elements will be located. Then these areas are cleaned from finishing materials, dirt and cement laitance until the large aggregate concrete is exposed. For this, either angle grinders with diamond cups or water-sandblasting machines are used.

The quality of the prepared base (the surface on which the carbon fiber is glued) directly affects the compatibility of the structure with the reinforcement element, therefore when preparing the base, without fail, control the following options:

• surface evenness;
• strength and integrity of the material of the reinforced structure;
• surface temperature of the structure;
• lack of pollution and dust;
• humidity;
• and others (full list and allowed values controlled parameters are given in flow charts for construction work).

Preparation of components.

Carbon materials are supplied wound and packed in polyethylene. It is very important not to stain them with dust, which will be very large after concrete grinding, otherwise carbon fiber cannot be impregnated with a binder, i.e. there will be a manufacturing defect. Therefore, the preparation zone should be covered with dense polyethylene and the required length of the carbon material should be unwound along it. Cutting carbon tapes and meshes can be done with a clerical knife or metal shears, and carbon lamellas can be cut with an angle grinder with a cutting wheel for metal.

Adhesives are usually used two-component - i.e. it is required to mix two materials in a certain proportion. The manufacturer's instructions must be strictly followed and when dosing, use a scale or measuring utensils. The mixing of the compositions occurs by gradually adding one component to another with constant stirring with a low-speed drill. Dosing errors, or improper mixing of one component with another, can cause the adhesive to boil.

AT last years, most manufacturers supply the adhesive in kits – i.e. in two buckets with already dosed volumes of components. Thus, you can simply mix the contents of one bucket into another (the bucket is specially supplied with a larger volume (half-empty)) and get a ready-made adhesive composition.

Polymer cement adhesives (for carbon meshes) are supplied in bags and mixed with water according to the instructions, like any repair material.

It should be remembered that adhesive has a limited lifespan- about 30-40 minutes and it sharply decreases when the temperature rises above 20 ° C, so the volume of the prepared adhesive should not exceed the physical capabilities of its production.

Installation of carbon fiber materials.

Depending on the type of carbon fiber material, the technology of its installation differs significantly:

Installation of carbon tapes can be carried out according to the "wet" or "dry" method. In both cases, a layer of adhesive is applied to the base, but with the “wet” method, the carbon tape is first impregnated with adhesive, and then rolled to the base with a roller, and with the “dry” method, the tape is rolled to the base, and then it is impregnated with a layer of adhesive from above. Impregnation of the carbon tape is carried out by applying a layer of adhesive to its surface and pressing it with a paint roller or spatula, ensuring that the upper layer of the binder penetrates deep into the carbon fiber, and the lower layer of the binder comes out. Carbon tapes can be laid in several layers, but when sticking to a ceiling surface, it is not recommended to perform more than 2 layers in one shift - the material begins to “creep” under its own weight.

It should be remembered that after polymerization of the adhesive, its surface will be smooth and it will be impossible to apply a high-quality finish on it. Therefore, even on the "fresh" reinforcement element, it is necessary to apply a layer of coarse sand.

At installation of carbon lamellas the adhesive is applied to both the structure and the reinforcing element. After that, the lamella is rolled to the base with a paint roller, or a spatula.

Installation of carbon mesh performed on a wet concrete surface. First, the first layer of polymer-cement composition is applied. It can be applied both manually and mechanized - shotcrete. A carbon mesh is rolled out over the “fresh” layer of polymer cement with a slight indentation into the composition. It is most convenient to do this with a spatula. Then it is necessary to withstand a technological pause until the composition begins to set. The setting time depends on the selected composition and ambient temperature, but the required state - the polymer cement is hardly pressed through with a finger. After that, a covering layer of polymer cement is applied.

Protective coatings.

It must be remembered that epoxy resin adhesives are flammable, and in addition - are subject to embrittlement when exposed to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, when using them, it is necessary to provide for the fire protection of reinforcement elements for a fire resistance class not lower than that declared for the reinforced structure.

If you need to perform Strengthening of structures with carbon fiber - call us and we will advise you and help you draw up a plan for solving your problem.

Soltustik Kazakhstan oblysyNorth-Kazakhstan regionMagzhan Zhumabaev audany district Magzhana Zhumabaev Karakoga orta mektebi Karaguginskaya high school

Role foreign languages in modern society

The role of foreign languages ​​in modern society

Completed by: Safinov Daniyar, 10 "B" class

Student: Safinov Daniyar, 10 "С" form

Checked by: Sinelnikova L.S.

Teacher: Sinelnikova L.S.

year 2014

Introduction

The role of language in society

Language features

Languages ​​of the world

The role of a foreign language in the modern world

The role of English in the modern world

Conclusion

Target: to study the meaning of a foreign language in the life of a modern person

Tasks:

To study the role and functions of language in society

Find information about world languages

Learn about the most spoken languages ​​in the world

Introduction

Learning a foreign language in the modern world is one of the most important components of a modern, successful person. Knowledge of at least one foreign language broadens one's horizons, allows one to learn the culture and customs of another nation. Today, millions of people around the world are learning foreign languages.

Why do they do it? How many foreign languages ​​are there in the world? What languages ​​are the most popular? This is very interesting to know.

Hypothesis: do foreign languages ​​really play important role in the life of modern man?

The relevance of the topic is that many young people are now studying an important role in the life of modern man?

The relevance of the topic is that many young people are now learning a foreign language in order to communicate with foreign friends, some want to go abroad to find work there.

The role of language in society

Look around and you will see many amazing things created by the mind and hands of man: radio, telephone, cars, ships, planes, rockets and so on. But the most amazing and wise thing that humanity has created is language. All people on Earth can speak. They speak in different languages, but all languages ​​have one main task - to help people understand each other when communicating, in common work. Without language, the life of people, society, the development of science and technology is impossible.

What is language? What does given word?

Language is a means of communication. This is an opportunity, carrying out a communicative function, to transmit any information, messages about objects, serves as a means of communication and an instrument of thinking.

Language is a sense organ that allows you to speak and feel.

Language is a part of our organism and no less complicated than it.
Language is a part of our body and no less complex than this body itself.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ludwig Wittgenstein

Language is the dress of thought

Language- This framing thoughts

Samuel Johnson

Language features

Language is one of the world's mysteries. We are not always aware of the role of language in life, but we perceive it as air, as breathing, as something taken for granted.

Language in human society is of great importance. Thanks to language, mankind develops, passing from generation to generation the experience of cognitive activity and the achievements of science and culture. In their origin and development, language and thinking are organically interconnected, distinguishing man from the animal world.

The development of language contributes to the development of thinking, and the development of thinking is one of essential conditions language development. Language is an instrument of thought .

Language arose at the dawn of mankind as a result of the need of primitive people to communicate something to each other. Man is a social phenomenon. He cannot master the language outside of society. Let us recall Mowgli, who among the animals developed perfectly physically, but could not communicate in human language.

Languages ​​of the world

According to rough estimates, there are about 3 thousand languages ​​on Earth. There are languages ​​that serve a narrow circle of speakers (the languages ​​of the tribes of Africa, the Indians of America, individual villages of Dagestan, and others). There are languages ​​spoken by numerous nationalities and nations. There are international languages ​​that are used as working languages ​​in the UN and UNESCO (English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, French).

International languages ​​are included in the curriculum secondary school and high school different countries as a subject "Foreign language".

We tried to find out from the students of our school about the number of languages. A survey of students in grades 6-11, in which 77 students participated, revealed the following. When asked how many languages ​​there are in the world, there was an answer.

From 5 to 20 languages ​​- 7 people, 32-35 languages ​​- 2 people, 100-140 languages ​​- 11 people, 148 - 155 languages ​​- 9 people, 1190 - 5 people, several thousand answered - 9 people, more than a thousand - 9 people , 2796 - 3000 languages ​​- 17 people, from 3000 to 7000 - 1 person, 5000 - 7000 languages ​​- 1 person, 6000 - 6 people.

DIAGRAM

It is generally accepted that the majority prefer to master English as a language international communication. In principle, this is correct. But we should not forget about the prospects. Now China is becoming stronger and stronger in the international arena. Therefore knowledge Chinese It can be useful.

The languages ​​of the world are divided into families. One of the largest linguistic families of Eurasia are the Indo-European languages.

Family Indo-European languages

Indian Iranian Slavic Baltic Germanic

Romance Celtic Greek Albanian

Armenian Tocharian Anatolian

The role of a foreign language in modern society

Education is very important in our life. An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. He is always trying to learn, to discover more about the world around him.

Students can gain in-depth knowledge not only at school, but also in additional courses, electives. Our school is well equipped to perform various kinds of laboratory and practical work in biology, chemistry, physics, multimedia and other classrooms. One of the classrooms in each school is the English language classroom, where we study English.

The role of foreign languages ​​is growing. There are about 3,000 languages ​​in the world today, with English being the most widely spoken. It is the state language in many countries: in the USA, Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Australia, New Zealand. It is one of the official languages ​​of Canada, Ireland, South Africa. It is the second language of India and South Africa.

Thanks to the knowledge of foreign languages, we can read books, magazines in the original, talk with foreigners, translate articles, and make progress in sports. In addition, joint ventures, which are becoming more numerous in our country, need specialists with a deep knowledge of Chinese, English, and French. Knowledge of foreign languages ​​is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for good specialists. Our country is moving towards a market economy. That is why it is so important to study English and other languages.

The spread of English around the world began with the first travels to America and Asia, continued with the colonial seizure of the countries of Africa and the southern part of Pacific Ocean in the 19th century. The decisive step took place in the 20th century, when the newly formed countries adopted English as an official or one of the official languages.

English is the language of international civil aviation control and navy. English is the main language of INTERPOL and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, international business and university conferences, the leading language of international tourism.

Foreign language is not just a subject taught in classrooms. This is what is used in real life situations. A foreign language is absolutely necessary for any educated person and modern specialists. Everything depends on our own conditions. And let's remember the rules of language learning: “Learn to speak by speaking! Learn to read by reading!

The role of English in the world

THE WIDESPREAD LANGUAGE IN THE WORLD

everywhere

The second language in Canada, the Irish Republic, the Republic of South Africa, India, Pakistan

National language in the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand

new technologies

business

international relations

Newspapers,

Journals

Television

mass media

Internet

education

Interpol

The role of languages ​​in the Republic of Kazakhstan

More than 120 nationalities live in our Republic of Kazakhstan. The state language is Kazakh, Russian is the language of interethnic communication. The President of the Republic N.A. Nazarbaev. The idea of ​​the trinity of languages ​​in Kazakhstan was voiced by the President back in 2004, subsequently returning to it more than once. In 2007, in the Message to the people of Kazakhstan "New Kazakhstan in the new world." The head of state proposed to start a phased one. Implementation of the cultural project "Trinity of Languages". It is from this moment that the countdown of the new language policy of independent Kazakhstan begins, today it can serve as an example for other countries. Language policy is inseparable from general policy large-scale social modernization. Modernization is necessary for all Kazakhstanis. Only with this understanding can a broad public consensus and success be achieved.

“Kazakhstan should be perceived throughout the world as a highly educated country,” the President repeatedly stressed, “whose population speaks three languages. This is: Kazakh language is the state language, Russian is the language of interethnic communication, English is the language of successful integration into the global economy”.

The integration of Kazakhstan into the world community today depends on the realization and implementation of a simple truth: the world is open to those who can acquire new knowledge through mastering the dominant languages. In order to create an innovative, multilingual model of education, the number of schools providing education in three languages ​​will increase from 33 to 700, including the number of schools in the network "Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools" will expand from 6 to 20. These schools will become the base platforms for testing the multilingual model of education, innovations in education.

Polylanguality

In 2006 2007 the experience of polylingual education was generalized and recommended for implementation at schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan by Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (order No. 387 dated 7 August 2007). Since 2007 - 2008 school "Murager" is the supporting one for28 newly founded specialized boarding schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan which started implementation of the polylingual education.

The main criterion for successful realization of the polylingual program is the students achievements at the international level ( higher education and professional level). 28 school leavers study at universities of Kazakhstan, Israel, USA, Check Republic. Russia and others s. According to the results of the Unified National Testing the school "Murager" is considered one of 100 best schools of Kazakhstan.

Learning foreign languages ​​opens up the possibility of increasing career development that didn't even exist a few years ago. Knowledge of foreign languages ​​can help us find work in such areas as science and technology, foreign trade and banking, international transport communications and others. More common goal is to create their own intellect and culture.

Conclusion

Currently, people are more often faced with the fact that knowledge of a foreign language is becoming a vital necessity. It should be noted that the most popular language at present is English. Foreign language contributes to the development thought processes. This is due to the fact that when learning a foreign language, a person has to operate with a different system of signs. Language teaches us to think logically, as well as to choose the right option from the many meanings of each individual word.

early learning foreign language develops the speech-motor apparatus and, in addition, is a good prevention of speech defects.

A foreign language contributes to the development of communication skills, as well as the elimination of psychological barriers. Through the study of the language (through dialogues, skits, monologues), a person becomes more sociable, and therefore more successful in the future.

Speaks English more people than any other language, and is also the mother tongue of over 350 million people. More and more people speak English, outnumbering those who speak Arabic and French taken together.

As practice shows, in the most favorable position in the labor market are those specialists who, in addition to knowledge of their main profession, speak one or more foreign languages: in order to keep abreast of the latest developments from the world of science and technology, you must be able to read articles in the original language. In addition, working with foreign partners is much easier if you have first-hand information.

In conclusion, I would like to note that learning a foreign language is not just a tribute to fashion or someone's whim, but the process of obtaining knowledge that is vital in a modern society that is developing towards universal globalization.

And the languages ​​spoken by their inhabitants are even more. And in this case we are not talking about a hundred or two, but about several thousand. How can the population of the Earth understand each other? But this purpose is served by international languages, which allow all of us to communicate with each other, regardless of nationality and place of residence. One of them is English. Moreover, English is the language of international communication for all mankind.

The Importance of English in the Modern World hard to overestimate. After all, one cannot but reckon with the choice of more than 1 billion people who use it. And if for half of them it is native, then about 600 million chose it as a foreign language. Of course, the range of distribution of the English language in the modern world is so great that this language cannot be identical in various fields. Despite the diversity of its options and the presence specific features for every nationality, English remains the most popular language in our the globe. What role does English play in our lives today?

The Importance of English in the Modern World

In general, the political, economic, scientific, sports life of the whole world "flows" in English. English is designated as the official and working language of the United Nations. All kinds of summits and meetings of heads of state, the signing of laws and decrees, negotiations and debates - all this is held in English. International trade, work banking system, the activities of the transport system on land, at sea and in the air are carried out in English. This language is a living communication tool for academicians, doctors of sciences, scientists around the world. After all international conferences, the study of world experience and the exchange of information of scientific minds takes place only using the English language. Yes, what is there to say - Olympic Games and all sorts of competitions between countries have chosen English as the official language.

The importance of the English language in the modern world is so great that its knowledge is not a privilege and luxury. Once upon a time, computers, as well as mobile phones only people of a certain social class could afford. Now these things are essential. The same can be said about English. It is taught by everyone and everywhere: in schools, universities, courses. And in our age digital technologies Anyone can learn English via Skype without leaving home. It is understood that any educated person he is simply obliged to speak English, since it is his key to further self-education and self-improvement. That is why there are now so many organizations offering to teach you English. However, do not think that this is so easy to do. Learning any language is a long process that requires certain costs, both mental and financial.

Still, learning English is worth it. Do you want to travel and not feel like a black sheep, but communicate freely with people of different nationalities? Do you want to become a student of a foreign university? Do you want a prestigious job with career advancement? Or maybe you want to work abroad? One tip - learn English. After all, over time, you will still understand that 75% of the world's correspondence is carried out in English, 80% of information on computers is also stored in this language, and most international documents, articles, literary works The instructions are written in English. And we have not yet taken into account the film industry and the musical Olympus. American-made films have firmly entered our lives, and any pop artist considers it prestigious to sing at least one song in English.

Knowledge of English in the modern world is a kind of window to the world. Knowing this language of international communication, you will be able to achieve your goals with the help of new opportunities. And you will definitely understand that the importance of the English language is not exaggerated.

The role of the English language in the modern world is invaluable. It is considered the most commonly used language. More than 450 million people consider him native. Another 600-650 million citizens use English as an additional language for communication. It is considered to be in demand in many countries of the world. Knowledge of the vocabulary and grammar of this language is essential in order to study abroad. Not to do without it and wishing to find a prestigious and well-paid job. In our article, you can get acquainted with all the features of the English language, as well as find out why it is so in demand.

The history of the emergence and development of a foreign language

To understand the role of the English language in the modern world, first of all, you need to know the history of its creation. Creator of the most popular and sought after Oxford Dictionary identified 5 main events that influenced the formation of the language.

It's no secret that finding out exactly how a language formed is almost impossible. The Germanic invaders are known to have arrived and settled in Great Britain in the 5th century AD. They spoke the Germanic language. Experts have little information about given period. This is due to the fact that written archives and documents of that time were not found. The formation of dialects is confirmed by sources from the 7th-9th centuries. All of them belong to the language that Alfred the Great in the 9th century called English.

Some experts believe that the development of the English language was influenced by Celtic. From the middle of the 9th century, Norwegian invaders settled in Great Britain. It is believed that the speech of the Scandinavians had a strong influence on the development of the English language.

For several centuries after Norman conquest significant changes have taken place in the English language. The inflectional system that was formed in that period is still used today. According to her, the generic endings of words characteristic of grammar are almost never used in English. Changes also affected vocabulary. Borrowings from other languages ​​are known, which eventually began to appear in written speech.

In the late medieval and modern period, steady processes of standardization of the English language took place. Written and colloquial speech continued to change. There was a so-called great vowel shift.

Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the influence of the English language has been felt throughout the world. Over time, people from different countries began to use it.

The role of English in the modern world. Work and travel

The importance of the English language in the modern world is currently quite large. More recently, it was a foreign language for us, and today it is international. In all countries of the world, learning English is of great importance. Almost everyone dreams of studying it at least for entry level. Today, children begin to learn this language as early as preschool age.

Many do not understand whether English is needed in the modern world. However, it is no secret to anyone that today he plays an important role in finding a job. People who wish to find a prestigious and highly paid position must have a good knowledge of English. This is due to the fact that large firms often cooperate with foreign partners. Today, English is a language that needs to be spoken well enough to fully negotiate and conclude deals with foreign partners.

Traveling around is possible only if you know and understand foreign speech. It is no secret that today almost every person wants to go on vacation abroad. Thanks to the knowledge of English, you can easily communicate with people not only in English-speaking countries. Anywhere in the world there is a certain percentage of the population that can understand foreign speech. English is also well spoken by people whose work is connected with tourists. In the event that you know a foreign language, you can always easily ask for help in a foreign country. That is why you will feel confident abroad.

The role of English in education

The role of English in the modern world is obvious to students who want to get a decent education. His knowledge allows you to study at absolutely any university. The received document on education is quoted in all countries. It is no secret that having, for example, a diploma, a graduate can get a prestigious job anywhere in the world.

Almost every major library has books in English. Detectives, novels, poems and other works can be read in the original, knowing a foreign language. It is no secret that the translation of books is not always accurate and literal. No less valuable are the originals of technical literature. Thanks to the knowledge of English, you can study the technique or equipment of interest in more depth.

The role of English in the world of technology

The relevance of learning English can also be explained by the rapid development of technology. Every year, experts from all over the world create new inventions. They are given names that are most often in English. Surprisingly, words familiar to us, such as laptop, computer, scanner, mobile and others, came into speech from English.

Thanks to the rapid development of the Internet, representatives of different nations began to closely communicate on the Web. In order to understand each other, they use English.

The role of English in the life of young people

English plays an important role in the lives of teenagers and young people. Computer games in English are very popular among gamers. It's no secret that many young people spend a considerable amount of their free time using them. As a rule, new foreign games do not have a Russian translation at first. At this moment, only knowledge of a foreign language can help a gamer. Thanks to this, he will be able to try out the new product without feeling any discomfort. There are also useful programs in English. Knowing a foreign language allows you to easily use not only games, but also applications.

A large number of English words present in youth speech. Experts believe that this is due to the stereotypes and ideals that were created in the teenage society. Young people are sure that the standard of living in America is much higher than ours. Using English borrowings in their speech, they in a certain way approach their ideal. Anglicisms include the following words:

• shoes;
• boots;
• comp;
• friend;
• face.

Profession "translator"

A translator from English into Russian is a profession that is becoming more popular and in demand every year. It is often chosen by graduates who know a foreign language well. The profession originated in antiquity. Her education is connected with the birth economic relations between countries. During the collapse of the USSR, the profession did not have much popularity, since the work of such workers was low-paid. Today, a translator from English into Russian is characterized by a high and stable income. As a rule, such specialists work in large and influential companies.

The profession of a translator is perfect for those people who have:

• predisposition to foreign languages;
• good memory;
• good diction;
• perseverance;
• sociability;
• diplomatic qualities, and also have a developed ear and know how to imitate.

A qualified specialist is often sent to earn money abroad. He can easily apply for citizenship there, as well as have a stable and high income.

Jobs for people who speak English

Knowledge of English plays an important role in many areas. Many students underestimate its importance. Most often, specialists with knowledge of a foreign language are needed in the field of education and science. highest level English proficiency should be students who wish to connect their lives with information technology.

Jobs for those who speak English are almost always in large companies. They need professional translators. Some firms are ready to train promising candidates at their own expense.

Knowledge of English is also necessary for secretaries, since in large companies they often come into contact with international partners. Not to do without foreign and workers in the tourism sector.

English proficiency and salary

Not everyone knows that many employers are willing to pay more for employees who speak English. According to studies, candidates with knowledge of a foreign language earn about 10-40% more than their colleagues. It is worth noting that in some companies only those employees who speak English are hired for a position.

Students with knowledge of English have a huge advantage. Some firms, including large ones, are ready to hire inexperienced specialists and provide them with high wages if they speak a foreign language.

Anglicisms in Russian

English today is an integral part of the development of the Russian language. Borrowings are one of the sources of replenishment of the lexical composition. They reflect the facts of ethnic, social, cultural and economic contacts between representatives of different language groups. This phenomenon is due to a number of reasons:

• the need to name new objects and phenomena;
• lack of equivalents in Russian;
• lack of the most accurate name;
• providing a stylistic effect.

The growth of borrowings in the Russian language became noticeable at the end of the last century. This is due to the collapse of the USSR and changes in all spheres of society. Many linguists argue that the phenomenal expansion of anglicisms is observed in the following areas:

• power and politics;
• economics and business;
• science and technology;
• sport.

The greatest influence of the English language is observed in advertising. Every year more and more firms, goods and shops are called foreign words.

The relevance of the study

The role of the English language in the modern world is obvious. He is the most important communication tool on the international level. A modern person without certain linguistic knowledge cannot use the latest benefits of civilization. All areas of our life in one way or another require knowledge of the English language.

Learning English is becoming more and more popular every year. Any modern person should own it at least at the initial level.

How to learn a foreign language?

Today, English begins to be taught as early as preschool age. Almost all parents realize that knowledge of a foreign language is extremely important. That is why they work hard with their child in this direction. To teach a schoolchild or preschooler, they hire a tutor or send him to special courses.

AT recent times many adults also wish to learn English. To achieve this goal, you can use the services of a tutor or enroll in appropriate courses. However, you can learn English on your own. To do this, we recommend using educational literature or special video and audio courses.

Summing up

English plays an important role in our life. His knowledge is necessary for people of all ages. English is associated with all spheres of life. Those who want to get a prestigious education or find a well-paid job cannot do without it. According to the information provided in our article, we can conclude that employees who speak English earn more than those who do not know it. This fact can serve as an excellent incentive for learning foreign vocabulary and grammar.

Lozbyakova Anastasia. School №3, Rtishchevo, Saratov region, Russia
Essay in English with translation. Nomination Why do I study English.

The role of the English language in the life of people

People in Russia study some foreign languages: French, German, Spain, Italian and some others. But the most popular is, of course, English. Why so? I think that there are some reasons for its popularity. First, children learn it at school; they study it further at the universities and institutes because it is easier to learn than any other language. Second, it sounds very pleasant and sweet. Third, English is used in world media. This language is needed when we travel abroad because we have to communicate with people of different nationalities. English is an international language it is spoken in more than 120 countries, it is a working language of the United Nations. Besides, many people want to use it for a future career. Now English is a language of communication for people of various professions. I can name only some of them: politicians, sportsmen, pilots and air traffic controllers, scientists, etc.

As for me, English attracts me because it is used everywhere: on the labels of different goods, in different instructions to them. Nowadays there are many borrowings from English in the Russian language. And we cannot understand the meanings of these words without knowing this language. Every modern person should try to learn English. There are so many beautiful English books which are worth reading original. Besides, a lot of songs, films and other cultural things are written in English and we can understand them without translation if we try to do the best. Our contacts with the people of the world become more and more wider. Nowadays there is a practice of specialists exchange in different spheres of life. It is one more reason for learning English. I express my own opinion and I think that many people can support me.

People in Russia learn many foreign languages: French, German, Spanish, Italian and several others. But the most popular, of course, is English. Why is that? I think there are several reasons for its popularity. First, children learn it at school, then they learn it at universities and institutes because it is easier to learn than any other language. Secondly, it sounds very pleasant and cute. Thirdly, English is the language of the mass media of the world. This language is needed when we travel abroad, because we have to communicate with people of different nationalities. English is an international language spoken in more than 120 countries and is the working language of the United Nations. In addition, many people are studying it for future careers. Now English is a means of communication for people of different professions. I can name only a few of them: politicians, athletes, pilots and air traffic controllers, scientists, and so on.

As for me, English attracts me because it is used everywhere: on the labels of various products, in the instructions for them. Today in Russian there are a lot of borrowings from English. And we will not be able to understand the meaning of these words without knowing English. Every modern person should try to learn the language. There are so many excellent English books worth reading in the original. In addition, many songs, films and other cultural assets are written in English, and we can understand them without translation if we succeed in learning the language. Our contacts with people from other countries are becoming wider. Today, the exchange of specialists in various spheres of life is practiced. This is another reason to study English. I expressed my point of view, and I think that many people will support me.