Nouns that are used only in the plural (Nouns which are always plural). Number of nouns: nouns that have only plural form and other examples

Target. Learn to perceive words with a close sound composition
pow; continue to develop auditory attention.

Equipment. Toy house or house built
from a desktop builder, small toys or cardboard figures
(mouse, bear, monkey, matryoshka, parsley, tumbler).

The course of the game (conducted individually). The child sits at a
crowbar opposite the teacher. On the table is a house (front to the child), in
toys are hidden in it. The teacher tells the child that in the house
someone lives. “Now I’ll tell you who is in the house,” says the teacher, “
and you listen carefully and repeat who I have named. teacher
covers his face with a screen and says: "Bear and mouse." Child
repeats, the toys come out of the house. The teacher continues: “Mar-
tyshka and matryoshka”, “parsley and roly-poly”. If the child is not
can repeat the words in pairs, the teacher pronounces them one at a time,
without exaggerating pronunciation. Removes the screen in case of difficulty and

shifts from auditory to auditory perception.
After repeating the words, the child is given toys and he plays with
them. The teacher helps organize the game.

A train

Target. Pay attention to the sound composition of the word; learn
highlight the first and last sounds in a word.

Equipment. A train consisting of three wagons, different
small toys that can be put in train trailers.

The course of the game (carried out individually, and then subgroup-
pami). 1st option. The teacher shows the train to the children and says
that the train driver will be a bear (or any other toy).
The train will only leave when all the wagons have been loaded with cargo.
Only the driver asked that all cargo names begin
from the sound "a" (for example, orange, bus, lampshade). calling
objects, the teacher lays them out in front of the children, then offers
no repeat words with him, highlighting the first sound
in the word.

During the subsequent game, the teacher takes the items,
whose names begin with other sounds (on "m" - poppy,
hammer, stamp, etc.).

2nd option. The teacher invites the children to "load" themselves
wagons. To do this, you need to choose the right toys, names
that start with an "a" sound. Lay out in front of the children
miscellaneous items(for example: orange, apricot, bus, matryoshka,
spoon, plane). The teacher asks the children to name these
items and choose those whose names begin with "a". At
In this case, the adult pronounces the words, slightly emphasizing the first sounds.
If the children choose the items correctly, they load them into the wagons,
the driver-bear thanks them, and the train moves off.

By the same principle, a game is played with words that begin
misya with other sounds.

3rd option. The game is played in the same way, but children need to be able to
highlight not only initial sound in a word, but also final. AT
each next wagon should load an object, name
it should begin with the same sound that ended the previous
common word (for example: an orange is loaded into the first carriage, which means that in
the second is a word that begins with "n" - a sock; insofar as
the word "sock" ends with the sound "k", in the next wagon
son-in-law an object whose name begins with "k" - a cow, etc.).

Journey into the world of logic. Lesson 3
We teach preschoolers to navigate according to verbal instructions, to perform tasks that develop logical thinking and attention.
- Find the same items in each row and connect them with an arrow.
- Winnie the Pooh bought a round red object in the store. Cinderella - triangular yellow color. Dunno - subject oval shape gray color. Carlson - rectangular brown. Draw lines from fairytale heroes to their purchases.
- Color every fourth item. Why did you color it like that?
- Draw a line blue color birds, Green colour- fish, red line - insects.

- What chair does each of the bears need?
- Guess where her boat is? Why?
- What item should the bear take from the table in order to eat porridge?
- What did the artist mix up in this picture?
- Show a picture with a ball and a flag, an apple and a carrot, a carrot and a ball, an apple and a flag.
- What things are needed in winter, and what in summer?
- Match the patches to the rugs.
- Find the animal mentioned in the description.

- Find the same items.
- Help the kitten find all the balls.
- Look at the pictures in the cloud, find exactly the same in the table.
- Find the same item as in the cloud.
- Help the bunny find all the butterflies.
- Look at the pictures. What is missing in the second picture compared to the first?
- Look carefully and say how the pictures differ.

What words are hidden in these pictures? Under each picture, sign the letter with which the name of the subject begins, and then read the resulting word.
- Help the bunny to complete the letters. Someone crossed out the words. Try to read them.
- Read the name of the food in each box and connect it with a line to the animal that loves it the most.
- Help your mom cook cabbage soup. Read the names of the foods and circle the ones you want to put in the pan.
Write the first letter of each line to make a new word. Write letters on each line to make a new word.
- Guess and write the name of each of the girls.
- If you know how an asterisk is drawn, you can easily read the words. Someone incorrectly signed the portraits. Cross out wrong letter and write the correct one.

AT preschool age Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the activation of words characterizing spatial relationships. It is necessary to draw the child’s attention to how objects are located in space, to learn to verbally indicate their location, using spatial prepositions for this, first the simplest ones - in, on, under, from, from, and then more complex ones - above, around (at ), before, in the middle.

Nouns are the main component of our speech. Of the many possible words, we always choose the most suitable for us in style and color. The way a person builds his speech can say a lot about his personality and mindset to the interlocutor. Therefore, it is very important to be able to correctly and clearly express your thoughts. To do this, you need to know the basics of the grammar of the Russian language and be able to apply them in real life while interacting with people. In this article, we will analyze such a category as the number of nouns.

A noun in Russian can be used in the form of one of two possible forms- singular or plural. Number is one of the main features of the part of speech called the noun. But there are Russian nouns that can be used in speech only in the singular or only in the plural. Let's deal with everything in order.

Singular nouns

With nouns in the singular, in general, everything is clear and understandable even without grammar rules: they denote one thing or person, that is, any (for example, a pen, a book, a house, a cat). Such nouns in the singular have their own gender (feminine, masculine or neuter; sometimes common), and also, regardless of the number, decline in cases.

Plural nouns

The same nouns can also be used in the plural (pens, books, houses, cats). These are nouns denoting several things. Very often in Russian there are nouns that have the form only plural. You can read about them below.

Plural nouns that are often misspelled

It would be possible to write more than one full-fledged article about the most common mistakes in everyday speech in Russian, but here we will focus our attention only on correct use nouns. Nouns are plural and proper education forms are often questioned.

Be sure to pay attention to the spelling of the following words in genitive case: boots - boots, boots - boots, boots - boots, soldiers - soldiers, places - places, apples - apples.

And mistakes in using these words in the genitive case can be very often heard in grocery stores: tangerines - tangerines, nectarines - nectarines, tomatoes - tomatoes, oranges - oranges. Nouns that have only the plural form differ somewhat from the data in terms of case declension.

Formation of plural forms: features

Sometimes in the formation of the plural form for a certain category of nouns, some difficulties arise. There are no rules as such in Russian that determine which ending is required for the plural of nouns that we need to apply at a particular moment. Therefore, it can be quite difficult to use the word correctly. Let's pay attention to special cases concerning plural nouns. It is better to just memorize them so as not to make mistakes and not to doubt the correct use of words.

First of all, these are nouns. male(s in the singular), with the endings -s, -i, most often denoting professions. For example, a trainer - trainers (not a trainer!), an agreement - contracts, an accountant - accountants, a lecturer - lecturers, a cream - creams and so on.

The next group is the same nouns as in the previous one, but with the endings -а, -я: professor - professors, doctor - doctors, director - directors, anchor - anchors and so on.

Nouns always used in the singular

There are many nouns in Russian that do not change in number and are always used exclusively in the form singular. Consider the groups into which such nouns can be conditionally divided:

denoting different feelings, state features and human qualities(tenderness, anger, anger, hatred, lust, dependence, security, weakness, kindness);

Denoting signs of an object (grayness, blueness, redness, thinness, fullness, density);

Real (oil, gold, steel, tin, silver, nickel, sugar, sour cream, butter, pearls);

Denoting several identical items in the aggregate (dishes, foliage, children, animals);

Denoting objects that exist in all of nature in a single copy (Sun, Earth, sky, Moon); belong to the same group geographical names(Argentina, Stockholm, Moscow, Irtysh, Novosibirsk, Crimea, Ob).

Nouns that have only plural form

The following nouns exist in the Russian language only in the plural:

denoting different kind substances (rouge, perfume, ink, yeast);

Denoting objects in a pair (jeans, rakes, rollers, trousers, leggings, pants, leggings, glasses, sleds, sleds);

Denoting games or some processes (checkers, tags, hide-and-seek, blind man's blind, catch-up, elections);

denoting natural phenomena or time periods (day, holidays, twilight, weekdays);

Being geographical or astronomical names (Sochi, Alps, Kuriles, Libra).

So, let's summarize: in Russian there are two forms of nouns - singular and plural. Most words have both forms, but there are also nouns that have only the plural form, and, of course, those that are used only in the singular.

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Lesson six. We take items.

Items are often used in text games. In order for the player to always know what items he has with him, QSP has a special inventory window (with the title "Items"). When a player picks up an item, it will appear in the inventory.

To add an item to the inventory, the ADDOBJ operator is used; to remove an item from the inventory, the DELOBJ operator is used.

It is written like this:

ADDOBJ "Item name" DELOBJ "Item name"

There are three main ways to pick up an item, let's look at each with an example.

Create a location "Start", with the description "A game about gnomes." and an action with a transition to the "Play" location. Disable unused windows - additional description and input line.

Create a "Play" location. Write in the description:

You saved the dwarf king from death at the clutches of a tiger. - Take as many diamonds as you want, take as many rubies as you can carry, take the Sword of Justice, we have only one.

We take items without restrictions.

Let's write an action to take diamonds. Create an action "Take diamond". In the action code we write:

ADDOBJ "Diamond"

The action is ready. Now, when the player chooses this action, the "Diamond" item will be added to the inventory. How many times you click, so many diamonds will be added, without restrictions on the number.

We take no more than 5 items.

Let's write an action to take rubies. By design of the game, the player is only allowed to take 5 rubies. Create an action "Take ruby". In the action code we write:

IF Number_of Rubies< 5: ADDOBJ "Рубин" Количество_Рубинов = Количество_Рубинов + 1 ELSE "Жадность не порок, но вы не можете унести больше, чем уже взяли." END

This action checks for the number of rubies the player has already taken. If the number of rubies is less than 5, then he can take another ruby. If not, then output a line of text.

Notice the line

Number_of Rubies = Number_of Rubies + 1

Here the variable "Number_of Rubies" is incremented by 1 every time the player takes a ruby. Such a variable is called a "counter". As long as the player has not picked up any rubies, this variable will have the value 0. When the player picks up rubies, this value will increase until it reaches maximum value 5.

We take only one item.

Let's write an action in order to take the sword. This action will be present at the location only if the player has not yet taken the sword. Therefore, we will not create an action as usual, but write it in the code of the location itself, "wrapping" it in a condition. We write in the location code:

IF Sword = 0: ACT "Take Sword of Justice": ADDOBJ "Sword of Justice" Sword = 1 GOTO $CURLOC END END

The variable "Sword" takes only two values: 0 and 1. Such a variable is called a "flag". Initially, the "Sword" variable, like any other numeric variable, stores the value 0. The "Sword = 0" condition is met, and the "Take the Sword of Justice" action is added to the list of actions.

Let's take a closer look at what happens when the player chooses this action.

ADDOBJ "Sword of Justice"

The item "Sword of Justice" is added to the inventory.

Sword = 1

The value 1 is written to the "Sword" variable. We "checked the box", now the game "remembers" that the player took the sword.

GOTO $CURLOC

Go to current location. The location description is re-displayed, the list of actions is filled in, and the location code is executed. The "Sword = 0" condition will not be met, and therefore the action "Take the Sword of Justice" will not be added.

Outcome: In this lesson, we learned how to take items in three ways - without restrictions, with a limit on the number, and once.