Berets of different types of troops. Who has the right to wear a red beret? History and description

The use of the beret as a headdress for military personnel in the Soviet Union dates back to 1936. According to the order of the NPO of the USSR to wear berets dark blue, as part of the summer uniform, was supposed to be for female servicemen and students of military academies.

After the Second World War, women in uniform began to wear khaki berets. However, more wide use in Soviet army berets were received much later, in part this can be considered a response to the appearance in the armies of NATO countries of units that wore berets, in particular parts of the US SOF, whose uniform headdress takes Green colour.

Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated November 5, 1963 No. 248 introduces a new field uniform for units special purpose marines THE USSR. This uniform was supposed to be a black beret, made of cotton fabric for sailors and sergeants. military service and woolen cloth for officers. On the left side A small red triangular flag was sewn on the headdress with a bright yellow or golden anchor applied to it, a red asterisk (for sergeants and sailors) or a cockade (for officers) was attached to the front, the side of the beret was made of artificial leather. After the parade in November 1968, in which the Marines demonstrated for the first time new form clothes, the flag on the left side of the beret was moved to the right side. This is explained by the fact that the mausoleum, on which the main persons of the state are during the parade, is located on the right side of the parade column. Less than a year later, on July 26, 1969, an order was issued by the Minister of Defense of the USSR, according to which changes were made to the new uniform. One of which is the replacement of the red star on the berets of sailors and sergeants with a black emblem oval shape with a red star and a bright yellow border. Later, in 1988, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 250 dated March 4, the oval emblem was replaced with an asterisk bordered by a wreath.

After the approval of a new uniform for the Marine Corps, berets appeared in airborne troops Oh. In June 1967, Colonel General V.F. Margelov, then commander of the Airborne Forces, approved sketches of a new uniform for the airborne troops. The designer of the sketches was the artist A. B. Zhuk, known as the author of many books on small arms and as the author of illustrations for the SVE (Soviet Military Encyclopedia). It was A. B. Zhuk who proposed the crimson color of the beret for paratroopers. A crimson beret was at that time all over the world an attribute of belonging to landing troops and V.F. Margelov approved the wearing of a crimson beret by the military personnel of the Airborne Forces during parades in Moscow. A small flag was sewn on the right side of the beret. blue color, triangular shape with the emblem of the airborne troops. On the berets of sergeants and soldiers in front there was a star framed by a wreath of ears, on the berets of officers, instead of an asterisk, a cockade was attached.

During the November parade of 1967, the paratroopers were already dressed in a new uniform and crimson berets. However, at the very beginning of 1968, instead of crimson berets, paratroopers begin to wear blue berets. According to the military leadership, this color blue sky more suitable for airborne troops and by order No. 191 of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of July 26, 1969, the blue beret was approved as a parade headdress for the Airborne Forces. Unlike the crimson beret, on which the flag sewn on the right side was blue and had approved sizes, on blue beret the flag is red. Until 1989, this flag did not have approved sizes and a single shape, but on March 4, new rules were adopted in which the sizes were approved, uniform form a red flag and fixed its wearing on the berets of military personnel of the airborne troops.

Tankers were next in the Soviet Army to take berets. Order No. 92 of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of April 27, 1972 approved a new special uniform for military personnel of tank units, in which a black beret was used as a headgear, the same as in the marines but without a flag. A red star was placed on the front of the berets of soldiers and sergeants, and a cockade on the berets of officers. Later in 1974, the star received an addition in the form of a wreath of ears, and in 1982 a new uniform for tankers appeared, the beret and overalls of which had a protective color.

Rice R. Palacios-Fernandez

AT border troops, originally, it was a camouflage-colored beret, which was supposed to be worn with a field uniform, and the usual green berets for border guards appeared in the early 90s, the military personnel of the Vitebsk Airborne Division were the first to wear these hats. On the berets of soldiers and sergeants, an asterisk framed by a wreath was placed in front, on the berets of officers there was a cockade.

In 1989, the beret appears and during internal troops ah MIA, olive and maroon flowers. An olive-colored beret is supposed to be worn by all servicemen of the internal troops. A maroon-colored beret also refers to the uniform of these troops, but unlike other troops, in the internal troops, wearing a beret must be earned and it is not just a headdress, but a badge of distinction. In order to obtain the right to wear a maroon beret, a serviceman of the internal troops must pass qualification tests or earn this right by courage or a feat in real fight.

Berets of all colors of the Armed Forces of the USSR were of the same cut (artificial leather lining, high top and four ventilation holes, two on each side).

Ministry of emergencies At the very end of the 90s, the Russian Federation formed its military units, for which a uniform was approved, in which an orange beret is used as a headdress.

The article was written based on the materials of the article by A. Stepanov "Berets in the Armed Forces of the USSR", published in the magazine "Tseikhgauz" No. 1 in 1991.

In our time, the beret is associated primarily with the uniform headdress of military personnel of some military branches. The most of them - the blue one takes the paratroopers. Its indispensable attribute is the hall on the right side. What is it for?

Elite Mark

The armed forces, like any other complex hierarchical structure, have their own insignia. They are used to indicate junior staff- soldiers and sergeants, middle - officers from lieutenant to major and higher - officers rank above lieutenant colonel.

In addition, insignia in the military environment serve to determine whether a soldier belongs to a particular branch of the military. One of the brightest and most revealing insignia is the beret. He talks about the belonging of his carrier to the elite of the armed forces. To determine which elite branch of the military a fighter belongs to, and a tradition has arisen to bend the beret to the right or left side.

right and left

Army berets in the armed forces of our country appeared only in the 1960s. They were originally purple. The familiar blue beret of paratroopers was introduced into everyday use only in 1969. Up to this point, to indicate belonging to one or another branch of the military, the practice of wringing the beret to the left or right side appeared.

Soldiers of special forces and internal troops began to bend berets to the left. Now they wear maroon and olive (green) headdresses respectively. In turn, the marines (black berets) and paratroopers (blue) began to beat the beret on the right side.

A special case

During parades, military personnel of all military branches wear berets with a bias to the left. Firstly, it is necessary for the unification and uniformity of the uniform of all military personnel. It is believed that this is done in order not to block the face. The fact is that a soldier, while passing in the parade, tilts his head to the right, so the bend of the beret in the same direction can cast a shadow on his face.

Others argue that the hall to the left is necessary in order to see the badge in the form of a flag, which is attached to the right side of the beret during parades. After returning to the places of permanent combat deployment, the paratroopers beat off the berets back to the right.

combat berets

Some argue that the slope of the headgear in the elite branches of the military, including the Airborne Forces, depends on whether the wearer of the beret participated in the hostilities or not. A hall on the left side allegedly means that the serviceman went to war or participated in special operations, and if on the right side, then he has no combat experience.

However, for the most part in the military environment, such a statement is considered nonsense. After all, the most eloquent indicator of the presence or absence of combat experience are all the same medals and orders, and not the side of the beating of the headdress.

Beat test

It is worth noting that the beret hall in the airborne troops is no less a serious test than a forced march or parachute jump. The ability to correctly beat off one's headgear has always served as a sign of the experience of a paratrooper, his real belonging to an elite army caste. A real paratrooper always knows how to hit the beret correctly.

Not everyone gets it right the first time. There are different "recipes" for how to break a beret. Experienced paratroopers advise using a sugar solution, not water, to moisten the headgear. Others are experimenting with wax. After moistening the beret, it is given the desired shape.

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Today we will tell from such a curious headdress as a beret, as well as about its variety, which is a military, army one. Its history began quite a long time ago, because its prototype, most likely, is the headdress of the Celts. The beret was very popular in the Middle Ages. Moreover, it was worn by both representatives of the civilian population and soldiers, book miniatures speak about this. Further, during the period of the end of the Middle Ages, decrees began to be approved,

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Blue beret headdress, blue beret being an element military uniform clothing, uniform headgear of military personnel armed forces different states. It is worn by military personnel in the forces of the United Nations, the Russian Air Force, the Airborne Forces Russian Airborne Forces Armed Forces of Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Special Forces of Kyrgyzstan, Special Operations Forces of the Republic

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Red beret Russian Federation uniform headdress. Supreme form distinctions of military personnel of special forces troops national guard Russia formerly the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and Russia. It is assigned in the order of passing tough qualification tests and is the subject of exclusive pride of the commando. Military personnel under contract and military personnel are allowed to qualify for the right to wear a maroon beret.

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In many armies of the worldberetsindicate the affiliation of the units using them toelite troops. Since they have a special mission, the elite units must have something to separate them from the rest. For example, the famous "green beret" is "a symbol of excellence, a sign of valor and distinction in the struggle for freedom."

History of the military beret

Given the practicality of the beret, the informal use of the beret by the European military goes back thousands of years. An example is the blue beret, which became the symbol of the Scottish military in the 16th and 17th centuries. As an official military headdress, the beret began to be used during the War of Succession to the Spanish Crown in 1830, commissioned by General Tomás de Zumalacárregui, who wanted to make headdresses resistant to the vagaries of mountain weather, easy to care for and used on special occasions in an inexpensive way. .

Other countries followed suit with the creation of units of the French Alpine Chasseurs in the early 1880s. These mountain troops wore clothes that included several features that were innovative for the time. Including, and large berets, which have survived to this day.
Berets have features that make them very attractive to the military: they are cheap, can be made in a wide range of colors, can be rolled up and tucked into a pocket or under an epaulette, they can be worn with headphones (this is one of the reasons why tankers adopted berets) .

The beret was found to be particularly useful for armored car crews, and the British Tank Corps (later the Royal Tank Corps) adopted the headgear as early as 1918.

After the 1st World War, when the question of official changes uniforms were considered high level, General Elles, who was a promoter of berets, made another argument - during maneuvers, it is comfortable to sleep in a beret and it can be used as a balaclava. After lengthy debate in the Ministry of Defense, the black beret was officially approved by His Majesty's decree of March 5, 1924.

The black beret remained the exclusive privilege of the Royal Tank Corps quite a long time. Then, the practicality of this headgear was noticed by the rest, and by 1940, all British armored units began to wear black berets.

German tank crews, in the late 1930s, also adopted the beret with the addition of a padded helmet inside. The black color has become popular in the headgear of tank crews, as it does not show oil stains.

Second World War gave berets new popularity. English and American saboteurs, thrown behind the Germans, in particular, to France, quickly appreciated the convenience of berets, especially dark colors - it was convenient to hide hair under them, they protected the head from the cold, the beret was used as a comforter, etc.

Some English units introduced berets as headgear for formations and military branches. So, for example, it was with the SAS - the Special Aviation Service, a special forces unit engaged in sabotage and reconnaissance behind enemy lines - they took a sand-colored beret (it symbolized the desert, where the SAS had to work hard against Rommel's army).

British paratroopers chose a crimson beret - according to legend, this color was suggested by the writer Daphne DuMaurier, wife of General Frederick Brown, one of the heroes of the Second World War. For the color of the beret, paratroopers immediately received the nickname "cherries". Since then, the crimson beret has become unofficial symbol military paratroopers around the world.

The first use of berets in the US military dates back to 1943. The 509th Parachute Regiment received crimson berets from their English counterparts, in recognition and respect.

The use of a beret as a headdress for military personnel in the Soviet Union dates back to 1936. According to the order of the NPO of the USSR, military women and students of military academies were supposed to wear dark blue berets as part of summer uniforms.

Berets became, by default, a military headdress at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, just like the cocked hat, shako, cap, cap, kepi, at one time in their respective eras. Berets are now worn by many military personnel in most countries around the world.

And now, in fact, about berets in elite troops. And we will start, of course, with the Alpine Jaegers - the unit that introduced the fashion for wearing berets in the army. Alpine Jaegers (Mountain Shooters) - elite mountain infantry French Army. They are trained to fight in mountainous terrain and in urban areas. They wear a wide dark blue beret.


French fighters foreign legion wears light green berets.

The French Navy commandos wear the green beret.

The French Marines wear dark blue berets.

French Air Force Commandos wear dark blue berets.

French paratroopers wear red berets.

German airborne troops wear berets in maroon (Maroon).

The German special forces (KSK) wear berets of the same color, but with their own emblem.

They wear a large black beret.

The Royal Dutch Marines wear dark blue berets.

The Airmobile Brigade (11 Luchtmobiele Brigade) of the Armed Forces of the Kingdom of the Netherlands wears maroon berets (Maroon).

The Finnish Marines wear green berets.

Italian paratroopers of the Carabinieri regiment wear maroon berets.

Fighters special unit The Italian Navy wear green berets.

The Portuguese Marines wear dark blue berets.

Soldiers of the British Parachute Regiment wear maroon berets.

Paratroopers of the 16th Air Assault Brigade of the British Army wear the same beret, but with a different emblem.

Special Air Service (SAS) commandos wear berets beige colour(tan) since the 2nd World War.

The British Royal Marines wear green berets.

Canadian paratroopers wear berets in maroon (Maroon).

The Australian Army 2nd Commando Regiment wears green berets.

The American "Green Berets" (United States Army Special Forces) naturally wear the green berets that President John F. Kennedy approved for them in 1961.

US Army Airborne troops wear maroon (Maroon) berets, which they received in 1943 from their British counterparts and allies.

And in the United States Marine Corps (USMC), berets are not worn. In 1951, the Marine Corps introduced several types of berets, green and blue, but they were rejected by tough warriors because they looked "too feminine."

Georgian Army Special Forces wear maroon (Maroon) berets.

Serbian special forces soldiers wear black berets.

The Air Assault Brigade of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan wears blue berets.

Hugo Chavez wears the red beret of the Venezuelan Paratrooper Brigade.

Let's move on to the valiant elite troops of Russia and our fellow Slavs.

Our response to the appearance in the armies of NATO countries of units that wore berets, in particular, parts of the US SOF, whose uniform headdress is green, was the Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR dated November 5, 1963 No. 248. According to the order, a new field uniform is being introduced for special forces units of the USSR Marine Corps. This uniform was supposed to be a black beret, made of cotton fabric for sailors and sergeants of military service and woolen fabric for officers.

The cockades and stripes on the berets of the marines changed many times: replacing the red star on the berets of sailors and sergeants with a black oval-shaped emblem with a red star and bright yellow edging, and later, in 1988, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 250 of March 4, the oval emblem was replaced by an asterisk bordered by a wreath. AT Russian army there were also many innovations, and now, it looks like this:

After the approval of a new uniform for the Marine Corps, berets appeared in the airborne troops of the USSR Armed Forces. In June 1967, Colonel General V.F. Margelov, then commander of the Airborne Forces, approved sketches of a new uniform for the airborne troops.

The designer of the sketches was the artist A. B. Zhuk, known as the author of many books on small arms and the author of illustrations for the SVE (Soviet Military Encyclopedia). It was A. B. Zhuk who proposed the crimson color of the beret for paratroopers.

A raspberry-colored beret was, at that time, all over the world an attribute of belonging to the landing troops, and V.F. Margelov approved the wearing of a raspberry beret by military personnel of the Airborne Forces during parades in Moscow. On the right side of the beret was sewn a small blue triangular flag with the emblem of the airborne troops. On the berets of sergeants and soldiers in front there was a star framed by a wreath of ears, on the berets of officers, instead of an asterisk, a cockade was attached.

During the November parade of 1967, the paratroopers were already dressed in a new uniform and crimson berets. However, at the very beginning of 1968, instead of crimson berets, paratroopers begin to wear blue berets. According to the military leadership, the color of the blue sky is more suitable for the airborne troops and by order No. 191 of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of July 26, 1969, the color blue was approved as a parade headdress for the Airborne Forces. Unlike the crimson beret, on which the flag sewn on the right side was blue, the flag on the blue beret became red.

And the modern, Russian version:

The soldiers of the GRU special forces wear the uniform of the Airborne Forces and, accordingly, blue berets.

Special forces units of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia wear a maroon (dark red) beret. But, unlike other branches of the armed forces, such as marines or paratroopers, for special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the maroon beret is a sign of qualification and is awarded to a fighter only after he has undergone special training and has proved his right to wear a maroon beret.

Until the moment they receive a maroon beret, special forces soldiers wear a protective color beret.

Soldiers of the reconnaissance of the internal troops wear a green beret. The right to wear this beret must also be earned, as well as the right to wear a maroon beret.

Our Ukrainian brothers are also the heirs of the USSR, and therefore, they have retained the beret colors used earlier in this country for their elite units.

The Marine Corps of Ukraine wears black berets.

Airmobile troops of Ukraine wear a blue beret.

Black berets, however, like other hats of this type, symbolize courage and courage. Wearing them is practiced by almost all the armies of the world.

In some troops, everyone receives such hats, while in others, berets are equated with special, almost sacred attributes, and the very right to wear them can be earned only during difficult exams. The black berets of the Russian armed forces are better known as an attribute Marines.

Rights to wear black berets

Black berets can be worn by Marines, as well as police special forces such as OMON. They receive such rights only after passing with honor the most difficult tests. Passing for a black beret consists of exams that include several stages.

The procedure for passing exams for the right to wear a black beret

During the first stage, applicants make a forced march with elements of overcoming water obstacles, orienteering, transferring comrades, and solving various introductory tasks. The fighters themselves are equipped with full combat gear, along with body armor, helmets and personal weapons. At the second stage, the fighters go through a special obstacle course. Overcoming the obstacle course takes place with the use of gas masks in a smoky or gassed environment, and all this is accompanied by arbitrary explosions.

After screening, the remaining candidates demonstrate their physical fitness by performing a set of special exercises. Next, the standards for practical shooting are given. It should be noted that in this case, no one will take into account the fact that the fighters are completely exhausted. And at the end of the test, candidates pass the hand-to-hand combat technique, which includes three sparring sessions (two minutes each) and a change of opponents.

As a result, those who were not broken by hard trials and shot well, in a solemn ceremony, are awarded the honorary right to wear black berets with the presentation of the headgear themselves. Such an event is held not so often, a maximum of once every six months, and there are usually not so many candidates. As a rule, the award ceremony is held by an outstanding and meritorious officer who has distinguished himself by personal heroism and courage, and who has also received high awards.

Of course, it may seem that passing the exam for black berets is easier than for maroon ones. However, both tests require excellent physical training and powerful fortitude, and the amount of energy expended is approximately equal. Tests differ mainly in the length of the forced march, the time of hand-to-hand combat, penalties and the intricacies of building an obstacle course.

From the history of black berets in Russia

In 1705, Peter the Great decided to form in Russian Empire a regiment of western-style naval soldiers who might come in handy in naval battles. So, on November 27 of the same year, he issued a corresponding decree on the formation of the first such regiment.

In the Russian Empire, even before the decree of Peter the Great, there was already something like marines. So, during the Russian-Swedish war, the Eagle ship had soldiers trained in special skills. According to the plan of Peter the Great, it was assumed that the soldiers should fire on enemy ships from coastline, destroying enemy crews.

When the battles began at sea, such fighters actively participated in boarding battles, as was the case during the Gangut battle of 1714. They later helped ground forces. Marines were quickly brought in by sea, landed and reinforced the already fighting troops.

At the dawn of Soviet times and until 1939, the marines were either reorganized or disbanded. During the Finnish War, the Marine Corps had to take the most Active participation. In addition, she had to endure considerable loads, which were especially intensified beyond the Arctic Circle.

Formations and units of the Marine Corps performed almost all the assigned combat missions during the Second World War. They were parachuted into territories occupied by the enemy, they made passages in mine-explosive barriers on the coast, and carried out especially important tasks. However, this did not save the Marine Corps from the next, but already the last, disbandment. They were recreated again only in the 1960s, perhaps because veterans remembered that the Germans were afraid of the Marines and called them the "Black Death".

"Black Berets" today

"Black berets" of our time are an integral part of the Russian Navy. They are quickly delivered by ships to the places of warfare on the coasts, and immediately enter into battle. The battles are fought mainly on the coast, capturing or freeing coastal infrastructure facilities.

"Black Berets" can participate both as part of the main forces and in independent operations. In conditions of urgent need, they can be easily regrouped, create strike groups in cooperation with other troops. The Marine Corps is armed with the most modern military equipment, which is able to provide coastal fortifications, as well as watercraft for forcing water barriers.

On the Days of the Marine Corps, the "black berets" arrange a "font" in the bays of the sea

For Russian marines of all generations, November 27 is their professional holiday. These days, marines bathe in sea bays, and military units spend their days open doors. So, in 2018, the 312th anniversary of the marines of the Russian Navy was celebrated. This is a wonderful event, celebrated by all veterans and units of the Navy. It should be noted that Russian marines do not bathe in fountains, this is not their tradition. According to a long tradition, this takes place in the bays of the sea.

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