Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford Dictionary

Publication dates
1888	A	A New ED	Vol. one
1893	C	NED	Vol. 2
1897	D	NED	Vol. 3
1900	F	NED	Vol. 4
1901	H	NED	Vol. 5
1908	L	NED	Vol. 6
1909	O	NED	Vol. 7
1914	Q	NED	Vol. eight
1919	Si	NED	Vol. 9/1
1919	Su	NED	Vol. 9/2
1926	Ti	NED	Vol. 10/1
1928	V	NED	Vol. 10/2
1928	all	NED	12vols.
1933	& sup.	Oxford ED	13 vols.
1972	A	OED Sup.	Vol. one
1976	H	OED Sup.	Vol. 2
1982	O	OED Sup.	Vol. 3
1986	Sea	OED Sup.	Vol. 4
1989	all	OED 2nd Ed.	20vols.
1993	all	OED Add. Ser.	Vols. 1-2
1997	all	OED Add. Ser.	Vol. 3

Oxford English dictionary (English) Oxford English Dictionary, OED) is one of the most famous academic dictionaries of the English language published by Oxford University Press. The 2005 edition contains about 301,100 articles (350 million characters).

The dictionary is known by the colloquial informal name "Murry's Dictionary" ( Murray's) (by the name of the first editor-in-chief - James Murray).

History of development

The dictionary was conceived by the Philological Society of London back in 1857. The project for a future dictionary was formulated in 1859 when a detailed Proposal for the publication of a new English dictionary was published. James Murray was appointed editor. Henry Bradley and William Craigie also worked on the dictionary.

Editions

Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, edited by John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, twenty volumes, hardcover, ISBN 0-19-861186-2

Links

Oxford English Dictionary website

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Stavropol State University

Oxford Dictionary Online

Astakhova S.S., undergraduate

Taking into account the peculiarities of the linguistic situation in modern world when a foreign language is a means intercultural communication, the role and place of the dictionary in people's lives are obvious and do not require special justification. With the development of Internet lexicography in modern applied lexicography widespread received Internet versions of well-known dictionary publications (3, 70).

In the assessment of A. Bejoy, it is the English-speaking countries that are distinguished maximum amount reference literature compared to all others. Moreover, one of the leading places in the modern world of dictionaries is occupied by Great Britain (8, 75). Great Britain has the largest number authoritative lexicographic publishing houses known all over the world high quality of their products: Cambridge University Press, Harper Collins Publishers, Longman Dictionaries, Oxford University Press (3, 102).

According to a number of scientists, among the British versions of educational dictionaries posted on the Internet, it is Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary(http//www.oxforddictionaries.com) is the ideal directory created with the aim of teaching a foreign language to the user (8, 10). The online version of the dictionary is one of the most popular and authoritative among learners of English as a foreign language.

The priority of the online dictionary is due to a number of advantages electronic directory over printed. First of all, Internet dictionaries cover more information than printed editions. Only online dictionaries allow us to talk about the continuity of the process of updating information ( information update), since the compilers of the dictionary have a direct opportunity to correct dictionary entries.

Moreover, users themselves can take part in updating the corpora of some dictionaries. The online dictionary can be searched for headwords in all grammatical forms.

The user himself decides what information he wants to find, since traditionally only a part of the dictionary entry is displayed on the screen, most marks are hidden behind the icons (5, 5). Hyperlinks allow you to go to another site in seconds dictionary entry. The preference for the Internet version of the Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary is also due to its wide availability, the ability to use it as a classroom reference tool in teaching English as a foreign language.

Determining the type of the Oxford Dictionary, we relied on A complex approach, developed by domestic and foreign lexicographic schools (Dubichinsky, 1998; Karpova, 1977; Stupin, 1985; Bejoint, 1994; Svensen, 1993; L. Zgusta, 1971), in which the following parameters of the vocabulary characteristic are distinguished:

According to the object of description Oxford Advanced Learner "s dictionary - linguistic. (It is worth noting that in the UK, as in many others Western European countries, the traditional opposition of dictionaries according to the object/method of describing input units (linguistic versus encyclopedic) becomes less relevant. In connection with the migration of the population (and, as a result, a change in the user profile), an intermediate type of dictionary arises - explanatory-encyclopedic (3, 120).
Depending on the language of description of the input units - monolingual.
By the order of the input units - alphabetical.
By design - computer (Internet dictionary).
By volume - large (big), (in English lexicographic terminology - unabridged) (Grinev, 1996). In accordance with traditional division directories can be large (big), medium (concised) and small (pocket). However, in this series recent times dictionaries of a new format are also appearing - gem dictionaries, which are especially popular among students and schoolchildren due to their convenient format and compact presentation of the material (3, 83).
According to the perspective of the description of the language - synchronous.
Vocabulary coverage (in this case in relation to the addressee) - special, since educational dictionaries, in turn, can also be both general and special, this reference book can be described as educational for general purposes).
Depending on the type of language activity - receptive-productive.
By function - prescriptive.
According to the approach to the lexicographic description - an anthropocentric dictionary.

Turning to the question of the structure of the dictionary, many researchers distinguish between macrotext and microtext in the dictionary. At the same time, a macrotext is understood as the entire dictionary, considered as a whole, and a microtext is a separate dictionary entry. Accordingly, the macrostructure and microstructure of the dictionary are distinguished. Macrostructure means general structure dictionary and the nature of the representation in the dictionary lexical items. The microstructure is understood as the format of a dictionary entry and the nature of its filling (1, 161).

The macrostructure of the dictionary is characterized by the fact that when opening the search window, in certain cases, alternatives of input units with the selected word are offered: a simple word, compound word, phrase.

Having opened a window with any of them, you can click on a hyperlink to go to a related dictionary entry. For example, working with a noun feature, the user, if desired, refers to individual articles with a description of phrases double feature or feature film.

The microstructure of the dictionary is distinguished by high information content and clarity of the information presented. The dictionary entry consists of following zones: input unit, definition, additional semantic-functional characteristic, illustrative (verbal) example, references.

So that the user does not waste time searching desired value in a dictionary entry, in the Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary capital letters and in bold highlighted brief interpretations, combining several close values, and only then follows a detailed definition.

Illustrative examples ( complete sentences), taken from the corpus, also contain brief paraphrases of difficult-to-understand expressions. The latter circumstance reduces the need to additionally resort to a bilingual dictionary.

Features of the grammatical compatibility of a word are revealed by means of a mark indicating a part of speech; the reference book also uses codes that define a subclass of a given part of speech: for nouns, for example, countable (C) or uncountable (U). As an additional tool (in particular, to indicate agreement in number, morphological class), comments in brackets are used in the dictionary:

Piece(...) noun

English, in various styles and areas of use, is presented in the reference book at the present stage of its development, which was achieved through the use of 100 million British National Corpus, 40 million Oxford American English Corpus as sources. For the user, this can serve as a guarantee that the publication can obtain reliable information on the issue of interest, get acquainted with authentic material revealing the features of modern word usage.

All of the above indicates that the Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary fully meets the requirements for their products.

English language communication lexicography

Sources

1. Grinev S.V. Introduction to terminography. - M.: Mosk. ped. un-t, 1996. - 161 p.
2. Dubichinskiy V.V. The art of creating dictionaries: notes on lexicography. Kharkov, 1994. - S. 18-23.
3. Karpova O.M. New trends in modern lexicography // Vocabulary and lexicography / otv. ed. SOUTH. Short. Issue. 11. - M., 2000. - S. 63-72.
4. Karpova O.M. English lexicography: textbook. allowance for students. philol. fak. higher textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2010. - 176 p. Isn't Karpova too much? maybe leave big work?
5. Moiseev M.V. English lexicography: teaching aid: for students of specialties 022900 "Translation and translation studies" and 022600 "Theory and methods of teaching foreign languages". - Omsk: Publishing House of OmGU, 2006. - 92 p.
6. Stupin L.P. Theory and practice of English lexicography. Tutorial. - L.: LGU, 1982. - 76 p.
7. Beint H. Modern lexicography. Oxford, 2001. - P. 208-214.
8. Zgusta L. Manual of lexicography. Praha: Academia, 1971. - 360p.
9. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary CD-Rom. Oxford, 2000
10. Oxford Dictionaries: http://www.oup.com.

5 Oxford English Dictionary

General vocabulary: Oxford English Dictionary (normative dictionary English in 12 volumes) , Large Oxford Dictionary (20 volumes in 1989 edition)

6 come around

1) General vocabulary: change your mind, come to your senses (source - Oxford Dictionary) , take place, change opinion, belief, change direction, advance (approach), go around, go around, turn (about a ship), come, agree (with someone, something - to), take place (about regularly repeating events)

2) Slang: agree (with something, with someone's opinion)

3) Expletive: joy that the fear of pregnancy was in vain, delayed menstruation

4) Makarov: come back (to the topic, etc.) , arise, call in, come in for a while, enter, change for the better, lay down on another tack, change opinion, change beliefs, put up, go around, go around, turn, come up, appear, approach, recover, happen, happen, settle down

5) Taboo vocabulary: start menstruating after a long delay

7 Concise Oxford Dictionary

8 OED

brit. lingu. (worldwide famous dictionary)

A. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) = The Great Oxford Dictionary (BOS) was first published in 1933, although work on them began as early as 1879, but as early as 1857 the Philological Society of London published its main thesis: “The Dictionary there is a historical monument, the history of the nation.” In 1989, the 2nd edition appeared in 20 volumes on 21730 pages and weighing 62.6 kg (on 2 CDs it weighs about 34 g), having more than 615 thousand words and about 2.5 million citations. The most frequently quoted author is Shakespeare. In 1993-1994 3 more came out additional volumes. Now large funds have been thrown at its re-release (Revision): until 2010, the British allocated as much as 34,000,000 pounds of people's money! It is clear that they do not feel sorry for the "monument" ...

Since August 2010, the publishers of the Oxford Large Dictionary have refused to release its paper version. An annual subscription to the online version of the OED costs £240 (about $372) for UK citizens and $295 for Americans.

9 Oxford Dictionary of English

lingu.

It used to be called The New Oxford Dictionary of English - "The New Oxford English Dictionary" (this is not the same as the Oxford English Dictionary (OED)). The first edition of this dictionary was published in 1998, the purpose of its creators was to reflect in the book the state of the "living" English language. The second edition was released in 2005 and included about 355,000 words.

brit. lingu."Oxford English Dictionary" (world famous dictionary)

11 Pocket Oxford Dictionary

12 POD

lingu. Pocket Oxford Dictionary (POD) = Pocket Oxford Dictionary with about 50 thousand words, 140 thousand meanings - shocking simplicity + super concept in presenting relevant English vocabulary with a clearly very frivolous name, it has been published since 1924 - it is still far from the smallest among the Oxfords. A lot of information is given: examples-illustrations for each meaning of the word, etymology, word compatibility and phraseology. No pronunciation is given, but a Text-to-Speech converter can be used. It's amazing how a small "no-frills" dictionary can provide so much useful information, which greatly expands the possibilities of its application. To avoid a terrible disappointment, you should “start” with the POD, and not with the OED. Yes, and a parallel "paper" version will be cheaper. Well, finally, the main argument: If the laptop is very old, with a small hard drive, and you need to have a compact dictionary (4Mb), then do not hesitate to start installing POD. You will not regret. For everyone will find in it something for themselves: everything in it - both "what" and "how" - is simply amazing!

13 Shorter Oxford Dictionary

lingu. The Shorter Oxford Dictionary (SOD) - The Abbreviated Oxford Dictionary in 2 volumes has been published since 1933, gives a fairly complete semantic and historical description of 165 thousand modern, obsolete and dialect words, repeating in a smaller volume the information from BOS. Both of these dictionaries are intended for scientists, linguists, philologists, in short - specialists involved in the study of the history of the English language, theoretical problems its development. To the average reader, working with them will not seem easy. For a wide range of quasi-ordinary readers, as well as for those who study English as a foreign language, the Concise Oxford Dictionary is designed.

14 SOD

lingu. The Shorter Oxford Dictionary (SOD) - The Abbreviated Oxford Dictionary in 2 volumes has been published since 1933, gives a fairly complete semantic and historical description of 165 thousand modern, obsolete and dialect words, repeating information from BOS to a lesser extent. Both of these dictionaries are intended for scientists, linguists, philologists, in short - specialists involved in the study of the history of the English language, the theoretical problems of its development. To the average reader, working with them will not seem easy. For a wide range of quasi-ordinary readers, as well as for those who study English as a foreign language, the Concise Oxford Dictionary is designed.

15 (The) Oxford English Dictionary

brit. lingu."Oxford English Dictionary" (world famous dictionary)

16 Webster's New International Dictionary of the English language

lingu. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English language, Unabridged. G. & C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass. – Original, encyclopedic. The American standard for authority and sophisticated accuracy (comprehensiveness). Must be in every court and administrative office. For the first time original Webster came out in 1828 (this first edition can still be bought on Amazon on the Internet), and in the modern 3rd edition came out in 1961, reissued with additions on CD in 2000 (again 3rd edition). 450 thousand words, special terminology is 23.5%. 200 thousand literary quotations given in interpretations individual values words. Based on a card index of 10 million quotes. For comparison: The Great Oxford Dictionary is based on a card index of 5 million citations. However ... there is one very significant "BUT"! – The dictionary does not contain proper names and no information about the origin of names can be found there: Where did the names Bill, Gerry, etc. come from, for example? - Look for...

In the Collegiate format, the company publishes a dictionary with an annual reprint for universities and updating of new terminology (both words and meanings) with a volume of about 150 thousand words. In general, the world publishes unimaginable amount Webster dictionaries that have nothing to do with the original. Self-respecting publishers point out directly that their Webster is “not the right one” (well, in very small print, really). Others are trying to cash in without saying anything at all. The very same company G. & C. Merriam Co. - not so long ago - acquired Encyclopedia Britannica (that's why Webster appeared in it)!

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

17 O.E.D.

Oxford English Dictionary

18 o.e.d.

Oxford English Dictionary

19 Shorter Oxford English Dictionary

[,ʃɔːtər,ɔksfəd,ɪŋglɪʃ"dɪkʃənrɪ]

"Small Oxford English Dictionary" (an abridged edition of the Oxford English Dictionary; longer than the Concise Oxford Dictionary. Published since 1933)

full "The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles"

20 OED

abbr. from Oxford English Dictionary

Oxford English Dictionary