Dictionary entry- main structural unit any dictionary.

The dictionary entry consists of:

• capital unit;
• text explaining the heading unit and describing its main characteristics.

Dictionary entry structure

Left side of the dictionary. A dictionary entry of any dictionary starts with headword(in a different way: headword, lemma, black word - from the bold type that usually marks the headword).

The set of head words form dictionary, or the left side of the dictionary. The choice of a dictionary (which words will be included in this dictionary and which will not) depends on the purpose of the dictionary (highly specialized, universal, etc.).

The dictionary may consist of language units:

• phonemes (sounds) - recent times are widely developed in connection with the development of automatic speech recognition;
• morphemes (prefixes, roots, suffixes ..) - for morpheme dictionaries, grammar dictionaries, word-building dictionaries;
• lexemes (words in the "basic form") - most dictionaries are built according to this criterion: explanatory, spelling, etc.;
• word forms (words in a certain number, case ..) - for grammar dictionaries, rhyming dictionaries, etc.;
• phrases (not one word, but several one way or another related words) - for example, for phraseological dictionaries, dictionaries of idioms, dictionaries of clichés, etc.

Sometimes the vocabulary consists of lexemes and phrases (for example, for encyclopedic dictionaries).

Right side of the dictionary- one that explains the heading unit. The structure of a dictionary entry is determined by the tasks of the dictionary. The right side zones are developed for each dictionary. These can be: a list of synonyms for a given word (for a dictionary of synonyms), a translation of a word (for dictionaries foreign words), disclosure of the concept that is described by this word, with the possible application of graphs, diagrams, drawings (for encyclopedic dictionaries), etc. For example, right part explanatory dictionary, as a rule, includes zones:

• grammatical;
• stylistic;
• interpretations;
• illustrations (quotes, sayings);
• value type (direct, figurative);
• derivational nest;
• the so-called "zarhombo" part (phraseologisms);
• and etc.

Often inside a dictionary entry there may be area (zone) litter(or simply litters). Marks can be stylistic, grammatical and others. Most often, marks are located immediately after the head word, but they can be in other places (for example: obsolete - obsolete value, rare- value is rarely used, scientific - scientific significance, etc.)

The totality of all dictionary entries forms dictionary corpus. In addition to the corpus, any dictionary usually has a preface, a section "How to use the dictionary"; list conditional cuts In addition, dictionaries can have indexes (in Wikipedia, the role of indexes is partially played by redirect pages, pages "ambiguity" and "Categorization")

Example

Dictionary entry "Goods" in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D. N. Ushakov.

PRODUCT, a (y), m. 1. (pl. in the meaning of different species, varieties). A product of labor that has a value and is distributed in society through the sale and purchase (economy); in general, everything that is the subject of trade. (Stalin). (Zhukovsky). Red t.(see red). The stores have a lot of goods. Khodkiy t. Lying t. Colonial t. 2. (only units). Dressed finished leather (boot.). Opoykovy t. 3. (only units). Ore mixture ready for smelting (hearth). ◊ Living goods. See live in 6 digits Product face show- to show something from the best, most advantageous side. (Dostoevsky).

Example Analysis

PRODUCT- headword;

a (y) - grammatical zone: indication of the ending in the genus. p. units h., in parentheses is the ending option;

m. - grammatical zone: an indication of the generic reference of the word, it is masculine;

1. - number of meaning of a polysemantic word (y unambiguous words number is not specified)

(pl. in the meaning of different types, varieties) - the grammatical zone of the first meaning: it is indicated that in the plural this meaning of the word does not have the meaning of plurality (which is typical grammatical meaning plural), and the value " different types, varieties";

A product of labor that has value and is distributed in society by way of sale and purchase - an interpretation of the first meaning;

(economical) - stylistic zone: an indication of the limitations of this value special vocabulary, namely economic;

in general, everything that is the subject of trade is the second part of the interpretation of the first meaning, a sign; before this part of the interpretation indicates that it can potentially be separated into a separate meaning;

Finally, we must understand that commodities are produced in the last analysis not for production, but for consumption.

My ship anchored in the bay is full of rare goods- illustration zone: a quote is given as an example;

Red t.- zone of illustration: as an example, a saying is given - a set expression;

(see red) - reference zone: with the help of this zone, a connection is established between the elements of the dictionary: the reader is referred to dictionary entry"red", in which the interpretation of the phraseological unit "red goods" is given;

There are a lot of products in the shops- zone of illustration: a saying is given as an example;

Khodkiy t. Lying t. Colonial t.- illustration zone: sayings are given as examples, pay attention to last example- today it should be given in a rhomboid part or with a hint, since this is historicism;

2.

Dressed finished leather - interpretation zone;

(boot) - stylistic zone: an indication of the scope of restriction of use;

Opoykovy t.- zone of illustration: a speech is given as an illustration;

3. - number of the value of a polysemantic word;

only ed. - grammatical zone: a restriction is indicated for this value, only in the singular;

Ore mixture ready for smelting - interpretation;

(gorn.) - stylistic zone: an indication of the scope of restriction of use;

◊ - a sign of a rhombus, after which the “zarhomb part” begins, where phraseological units are presented. Each phraseological unit also has its own input, its own black words, they (despite the fact that there are at least two of them) represent one lexical unit;

Live goods- heading word of the rhomboid part;

See live in 6 digits - interpretation-reference, the reader should turn to the word living in the 6th meaning, where the interpretation of the phraseological unit living goods will be given. It would be nice to repeat the interpretation, and not send it, but if we consider that in the time of Ushakov dictionaries were always only printed, it is immediately obvious that the references are saving paper;

Show the goods by the face - the heading word of the rhomboid part;

Show something from the best, most advantageous side - the interpretation of a phraseological unit;

An inspector is coming from St. Petersburg ... It was heard that everyone was cowardly, fussing, they wanted to show the goods with their faces- illustration zone: a quote is given as an example;

see also

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An excerpt characterizing the Dictionary entry

During the first time of his stay in St. Petersburg, Prince Andrei felt his entire frame of mind, developed in his solitary life, completely obscured by those petty worries that seized him in St. Petersburg.
In the evening, returning home, he wrote down in his memory book 4 or 5 necessary visits or rendez vous [dates] at the appointed hours. The mechanism of life, the order of the day is such as to be in time everywhere, took away a large share of the very energy of life. He did nothing, did not even think about anything and did not have time to think, but only spoke and successfully said what he had managed to think over in the village before.
He sometimes noticed with displeasure that it happened to him on the same day, in different societies, to repeat the same thing. But he was so busy all day long that he did not have time to think that he did not think anything.
Speransky, both on the first meeting with him at Kochubey's, and then in the middle of the house, where Speransky, having received Bolkonsky, spoke with him privately and trustingly, made a strong impression on Prince Andrei.
Prince Andrei is great amount He considered people contemptible and worthless creatures, so he wanted to find in another a living ideal of that perfection to which he aspired, that he easily believed that in Speransky he found this ideal of a completely reasonable and virtuous person. If Speransky had been from the same society from which Prince Andrei was, of the same upbringing and moral habits, then Bolkonsky would soon have found his weak, human, non-heroic sides, but now this logical mindset, strange to him, inspired him all the more respect that he did not quite understand it. In addition, Speransky, whether because he appreciated the abilities of Prince Andrei, or because he found it necessary to acquire him for himself, Speransky flirted with Prince Andrei with his impartial, calm mind and flattered Prince Andrei with that subtle flattery, combined with arrogance, which consists in tacit recognition your interlocutor with you together the only person able to understand all the stupidity of everyone else, and the reasonableness and depth of their thoughts.
During their long conversation on Wednesday evening, Speransky said more than once: “We look at everything that comes out of general level deep-rooted habit…” or with a smile: “But we want the wolves to be fed and the sheep safe…” or: “They can’t understand this…” and all with such an expression that said: “We: you and I, we understand who they are and who we are.”
This first, long conversation with Speransky only strengthened in Prince Andrei the feeling with which he saw Speransky for the first time. He saw in him a reasonable, strict-thinking, huge mind of a man who had achieved power with energy and perseverance and was using it only for the good of Russia. Speransky, in the eyes of Prince Andrei, was precisely that person who rationally explains all the phenomena of life, recognizes as valid only what is reasonable, and knows how to apply the measure of rationality to everything, which he himself so wanted to be. Everything seemed so simple, clear in Speransky's presentation that Prince Andrei involuntarily agreed with him in everything. If he objected and argued, it was only because he wanted on purpose to be independent and not completely obey the opinions of Speransky. Everything was like that, everything was fine, but one thing confused Prince Andrei: it was Speransky’s cold, mirror-like look, not letting in his soul, and his white, tender hand, which Prince Andrei involuntarily looked at, as they usually look at people’s hands, having power. For some reason, this mirror look and this gentle hand irritated Prince Andrei. Prince Andrei was also unpleasantly struck by the too great contempt for people that he noticed in Speransky, and the variety of methods in the evidence that he cited in support of his opinions. He used all possible tools of thought, excluding comparisons, and too boldly, as it seemed to Prince Andrei, he moved from one to another. Now he took the ground of a practical figure and condemned the dreamers, then he took the ground of a satirist and ironically laughed at his opponents, then he became strictly logical, then he suddenly rose into the realm of metaphysics. (He used this last instrument of proof with particular frequency.) He carried the question to metaphysical heights, passed into the definitions of space, time, thought, and, bringing refutations from there, again descended to the ground of the dispute.
Generally main feature Speransky's mind, which struck Prince Andrei, was an undoubted, unshakable faith in the strength and legitimacy of the mind. It was evident that Speransky had never been able to get into the head of that ordinary thought for Prince Andrei that it is impossible to express everything that you think, and there never came a doubt that everything that I think and everything that I think is not nonsense. What do I believe? And this particular mindset of Speransky most of all attracted Prince Andrei.
At the first time of his acquaintance with Speransky, Prince Andrei had a passionate feeling of admiration for him, similar to the one he once felt for Bonaparte. The fact that Speransky was the son of a priest who could stupid people, as many did, went to be despised as a goofball and priest, forced Prince Andrei to be especially careful with his feeling for Speransky, and unconsciously strengthen it in himself.
On that first evening that Bolkonsky spent with him, talking about the commission for drafting laws, Speransky ironically told Prince Andrei that the commission of laws had existed for 150 years, cost millions and had done nothing, that Rosenkampf had pasted labels on all articles of comparative legislation. - And that's all for which the state paid millions! - he said.
- We want to give a new judiciary The Senate, and we have no laws. Therefore, it is a sin not to serve people like you, prince, now.
Prince Andrei said that for this it is necessary legal education which he doesn't have.
- Yes, no one has it, so what do you want? This is the circulus viciosus, [the vicious circle] from which one must get out of the effort.

A week later, Prince Andrei was a member of the commission for drafting the military regulations, and, which he did not expect, the head of the department of the commission for compiling wagons. At the request of Speransky, he took the first part of the civil code being compiled and, with the help of the Code Napoleon and Justiniani, [the Code of Napoleon and Justinian,] worked on compiling the department: Rights of persons.

About two years ago, in 1808, returning to St. Petersburg from his trip to the estates, Pierre involuntarily became the head of St. Petersburg Freemasonry. He set up dining and funeral lodges, recruited new members, took care of uniting various lodges and acquiring genuine acts. He gave his money for the construction of temples and replenished, as far as he could, almsgiving, for which most of the members were stingy and sloppy. He almost alone at his own expense supported the house of the poor, arranged by the order in St. Petersburg. Meanwhile, his life went on as before, with the same hobbies and licentiousness. He liked to dine and drink well, and although he considered it immoral and humiliating, he could not refrain from the amusements of bachelor societies in which he participated.
In the wake of his studies and hobbies, Pierre, however, after a year, began to feel how the soil of Freemasonry on which he stood, the more he left from under his feet, the more firmly he tried to become on it. At the same time, he felt that the deeper the soil on which he stood went under his feet, the more involuntarily he was connected with it. When he began Freemasonry, he experienced the feeling of a man trustingly placing his foot on the flat surface of a swamp. Putting his foot down, he fell. In order to fully assure himself of the firmness of the ground on which he stood, he put his other foot on and sank even more, got stuck and already involuntarily walked knee-deep in the swamp.

Lesson type: speech development lesson, grade 6, 2 hours

Subject: Compilation of a dictionary entry for linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries.

Equipment: handouts (examples of dictionary entries, cards for the game "Collect a dictionary entry"), computer presentations of the teacher and children. There are no dictionaries in the lesson so that the children have the opportunity to independently complete the task. Proverbs written on sheets of colored paper.

Goals: 1. Shaping basic knowledge about lexicography, the ability to create a dictionary entry.

2. Development of the concept of scientific style, the ability to build a coherent statement.

3. Education of an attentive attitude to the word, the material given in dictionaries.

During the classes

1. Greeting, division into groups.

Hello guys. Before you enter the class, I suggest that everyone choose a proverb that is clear and close to you more than others. (On the table in front of the entrance to the classroom there are four groups of proverbs printed on sheets different color)

Kind words better than soft pie. ( yellow)

You know a donkey by his ears, but a fool by his words. (Red color)

From word to deed - grandmother's verst. (A verst is a little more than a kilometer) ( blue color)

Word is silver, silence is gold. ( green color)

Did you choose proverbs? Please sit down at the table on which there is a card of the same color as your proverb.

2. Setting the objectives of the lesson.

BUT) group work

Make a group text of 3-4 sentences explaining the meaning of your proverb. (Reading miniatures, discussion)

Tell me, please, what are all your proverbs about? (about words)

B) Recording and analysis of the proposal.

A lot of very ancient words and roots keep the language in its treasury ... (Lev Vasilyevich Uspensky, “Word about words”)

What treasury is Lev Uspensky talking about? ( vocabulary, lexicon)

Where do you think these treasures are stored? (in dictionary)

So, today we will talk about dictionaries and dictionary entries. You have to become the authors of dictionary entries. The treasury with which we will work has its own secrets. Let's try to open them.

3. Acquaintance with the subject of study.

A) Teacher presentation "Dictionaries"

B) Individual children's tasks.

Individual task: prepare a message (possible using computer presentation) on the topic "Explanatory Dictionary of Living Great Russian language» V. I. Dahl, “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S. I. Ozhegov, as well as a message about any encyclopedic dictionary.

C) Teacher's presentation "Vocabulary"

D) Comparison of dictionary entries from linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries.

CLOUDS, accumulations of water droplets and ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. O. are formed by hl. arr. in the troposphere; they are distinguished by height: O. top. tiers (above 6 km) - cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus - consist of ice crystals; O. cf. tiers (2-6 km) - altostratified and altocumulus - consist of the smallest drops and ice crystals; O. lower. tiers (below 2 km) - stratified, stratocumulus and stratocumulus - consist predominantly. from drops. O. arise as a result of condensation of water vapor contained in the air. The diameters of cloud drops are of the order of several. micron, content liquid water in O. - fractions of a gram or several. grams per m³. As part of the drops and crystals become larger, they precipitate out of the O. in the form of atm. precipitation. In the stratosphere, mother-of-pearl are also observed, and in the mesosphere - silvery O.

Oblako, -a, pl. -á, -ov, cf. 1. Light gray clubs, wavy layers in the sky, accumulation of water drops and ice crystals thickened in the atmosphere. Clouds float across the sky. The wind drives the clouds. Cumulus clouds. Thunderstorm, rainy Up to the clouds (trans.: very high). Descend from the clouds (trans.: from dreams to turn to reality; iron.). Fall or fall from the clouds (trans.: about the unexpected the appearance of someone.; open). 2. trans., what. Solid a lot of. small flying particles. O. smoke, steam. // decrease. cloud,-a, pl. - á, -ov, cf.// adj. cloudy,-th, -th (to 1 value). O. layer.

Determine which dictionary these articles are from, prove it. (1 - encyclopedic dictionary, because a natural phenomenon is described, 2 - linguistic, because a word, a language unit is described)

What is described in the dictionary entry of the encyclopedic dictionary? What is the nature of the information given in this article? (On the nature of clouds, on the place of formation, types of clouds, the information given in the article is of a scientific nature: terminology, numerical data)

What information can be gleaned from another dictionary entry? ( Lexical meaning the words, grammatical features, examples of use ...)

The teacher draws students' attention to the style of vocabulary entries.

E) The game "Collect a dictionary entry"

Each group receives its own set of cards with different zones of the dictionary entry. They are mixed, it is necessary to arrange in order.

VALENKI, -nok, unit -nok, -nka, m. Soft winter boots made of wool. Hemmed in. (with sewn-on leather or felt sole). // adj. felted, oh, oh.

ZODIAC, -a, m. (special). The belt of the sky along which the Sun makes its apparent annual movement. Signs of the zodiac (the designation of the 12 constellations through which the zodiac passes). // adj. zodiacal, th, th.

FOX, -s, w. Predatory mammal of the family. canine with a long fluffy tail, as well as its fur. Red l. // decrease. fox, -i, f.

SUBURB, -a, m. Settlement, locality adjacent to big city. Live in the suburbs. // adj. suburban, th, th.

4. Compilation of a dictionary entry for encyclopedic and linguistic dictionaries (group work).

Instruction.

I. Compose an article for a linguistic dictionary.

Indicate stress in singular. and pl.

Determine the ending in the genitive singular. and nominative and genitive cases in plural

Give the given word an interpretation.

Give an example of the use of this word in speech.

burn diminutive form, if any, an example of the use of this form.

Write down an adjective formed from this word, an example of its use.

II. Write an entry for an encyclopedic dictionary.

Describe the nature of the object (what is it?)

describe basic properties(what is it?)

Transfer possible types.

Words for group work.

1. Flower - yellow color

2. Vegetable - red color

3. Wood - blue color

4. Berry - green color

5. Registration of dictionary entries.

Articles are drawn up on A4 sheets, illustrations in the dictionary entry for the encyclopedia can be used.

6. The result of the lesson.

Remember how in the tale "Alibaba and the Forty Thieves" only he could open the cave with treasures who knew the secret word? So we have lifted the veil of secrecy, which will help us to join the treasures of the Russian word. And at home, I suggest you make a dictionary of 8-10 words on the topic " New Year". What will the dictionary be like? You decide. Perhaps you will combine the features of two dictionaries in one! Dare!

Meaning of DICTIONARY ENTRY in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms

DICTIONARY ENTRY

An article explaining a headword in a dictionary, dictionary nest. A group of words with the same root, presented as one dictionary entry.

Dictionary of linguistic terms. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, word meanings and what is a DICTIONARY ARTICLE in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• in encyclopedic dictionary:
  , -i, genus. pl. -tey, well. 1. Scientific or journalistic essay of small size. Newspaper, magazine Critical s. 2. Chapter, ...
• in the Popular Explanatory-Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  -i, genus. pl. stat "her, f. 1) A scientific or publicistic essay of a small size in a collection, magazine or newspaper. Newspaper article. Collection ...
• in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Ozhegov:
  scientific or journalistic essay of a small size Newspaper, magazine p. Critical s. article chapter, section in some document, list, reference book C. ...
• in the Dictionary of military-historical terms:
  - degree of sailor ...
• 
  1) one of the main genres of journalism. General features S.: comprehension and analysis of a significant phenomenon (or group of phenomena), reasoned generalizations ...
• in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
  article, articles, articles, article, article, article, article, article, articles, article, article, article, mi, article, ...
• in the Dictionary for solving and compiling scanwords:
  Opus…
• in the Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary:
  Syn: point, paragraph, ...
• in the Russian Thesaurus:
  Syn: point, paragraph, ...
• in the Dictionary of synonyms of Abramov:
  see essay, part || another article, individual article, consumable ...
• in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
  article, chapter, case, occupation, punishment, obituary, reprint, editorial, personalia, afterword, preface, publication, paragraph, section, category, composition, little article, reversal, feuilleton, ...
• in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
  well. 1) Publicistic, scientific or popular science essay of small size. 2) a) Independent section, chapter, paragraph in smth. document, list, dictionary...
• full spelling dictionary Russian language:
  article, -i, r. pl. …
• in the Spelling Dictionary:
  become`ya, -`i, r. pl. …
• in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
  articles, r. pl. articles, g. 1. Writing in a small size periodical or non-periodical collection. Editorial. Journal article. Polemic …
• in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
  article g. 1) Publicistic, scientific or popular science essay of small size. 2) a) An independent section, chapter, paragraph in some document, list, ...
• in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
  
• in the Big Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language:
  well. 1. Publicistic, scientific or popular science essay of small size. 2. An independent section, chapter, paragraph in any document, list, dictionary and ...
• GENDER IN LINGUISTICS in Gender Studies Glossary.:
  - gender in linguistics (this, in fact, is not a term, but there is such a dictionary entry in ...
• KOSHUT in the Lexicon of non-classics, artistic and aesthetic culture of the XX century, Bychkov:
  (Kosuth) Josef (p. 1945) One of the prominent theorists and practitioners of conceptualism, who proclaimed conceptual art a new step not only in art, ...
• CONSTITUTION OF JAPAN in Encyclopedia Japan from A to Z:
  The Constitution of Japan, which entered into force on May 3, 1947, although it inherited some positions of the Meiji Constitution, was of a fundamentally new character, ...
• OTOMIMISTECO-ZAPOTEC LANGUAGES in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
  languages, Otomang languages, language family Indians of Mexico. On O. I. speaks about 1 million people (1970, estimate). American scientist...
• CONSTITUTION OF THE USSR 1977 in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  October socialist revolution committed by the workers and peasants of Russia under the leadership Communist Party headed by V. I. Lenin, overthrew the government ...
• VOCABULARY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (Greek ???????, Latin dictionarium, glossarium, vocabularium, German W?rterbuch) - a collection of words belonging to a language, located for more convenient use of it ...
• LEXEMA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  [from the Greek lexis expression, figure of speech] a dictionary unit considered in the context of the language in the totality of its forms and meanings; For example, …
• VOCABULARY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  , -i, m. 1. Collection of words (usually in alphabetical order), set expressions with explanations, interpretations or translation into another language. …
• VOCABULARY in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
  (Greek ???????, Latin dictionarium, glossarium, vocabularium, German W o rterbuch) ? collection of words belonging to some language, arranged for more convenient ...
• VOCABULARY in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary.
• RUSSIAN STUDIES IN S S S R
  R. as a philological term has a dual content. In a broad sense, R. is a field of philology that deals with Russian. language, literature, verbal folklore; …
• LEXEMA in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  (from the Greek lexis - word, expression) - a word considered as a unit vocabulary language in the totality of its specific grammatical forms ...
• INFINITIVE in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  (from lat. infinitivus - indefinite) (indefinite form, obsolete - indefinite mood) - non-finite form of the verb (ver-boid), existing in inflectional and agglutinative ...
• ETYMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
  Finding out the pre-existing morphological structure of the word, its past word-formation connections, determining the source and time of the appearance of the word, establishing the method of its formation ...
• LEXEMA in the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms:
  (from Greek lexis - word, expression, figure of speech). A dictionary unit, considered in the totality of its correlative and interconnected with each other ...
• LEXICOGRAPHY in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
  (gr. lexikon dictionary + ... graph) 1) collecting some words, language, bringing them into a system and publishing in the form of a dictionary, ...
• LEXICOGRAPHY in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
  [gr. lexikon dictionary + ...graph] 1. collecting the words of a language, bringing them into a system and publishing in the form of a dictionary, lexicon; …
• CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF THE RSFSR in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB.
• RUSSIAN CUSTOMS CODE
  FEDERATIONS-This code defines the legal, economic and organizational foundations of the customs business and is aimed at protecting economic sovereignty and economic security ...
• FAMILY CODE OF RUSSIAN in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  FEDERATION-Adopted State Duma December 8, 1995 - Section I. General Provisions - Chapter 1. Family Law - Article 1. Basic Principles of Family Law - 1. Family, motherhood...
• BASES OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  NOTARIES-Section I. Organizational bases of the activity of notaries-Chapter I. General provisions-Article 1. Notaries in Russian Federation-The notary in the Russian Federation is called upon to provide in ...

It doesn't matter what you're going to do: write your own glossary, write a dictionary, look convincing when playing "dumb dictionary" or write definitions for words. own composition- here are some ideas that will help you make your definitions as accurate and capacious as possible. These steps are suitable for descriptively defining how a term is used in a language. Please note that this is a rather time-consuming process, requiring much more effort than a prescriptive definition that prescribes how the author should use this term in written language.

Steps

Find examples of how the word is used. Google (especially Google Books) is a great way to find quotes. And the quotes, in turn, prove that this word is actively used, and perfectly show in what or what senses.

Study how the word is used and functions in the examples you find.

Determine the part of speech of this word in the sense or senses that you want to define. Keep these basics in mind:

• Noun: person, place, or thing: Utah, minibus, moon, greengrocer, January. Nouns can also refer to abstract concepts such as certainty or doubt.
• Pronoun: A word that is used instead of a noun. He, she, it, they.
• Verb: A word denoting an action. Walk, jump, rant, fry, stare, think, hurry.
• Adjective: A word that describes a noun. Red (hat), fast (train), unreliable (bar).
• Adverb: A word that describes or transforms the meaning of a verb or adjective. (He fell and) painfully (hit, then) slowly (got up). (The train was) creepy (slow).
• Union: a word that connects parts complex sentence. In Russian, this list includes the words and, or, as, as if, and ... and, neither ... nor, too, but, so that, also, because, etc.
• Preposition: A word that describes the position of something. On, over, under, to, in, at, inside, etc.
• Interjection: an emotional exclamation, usually unrelated to the grammatical structure of the sentence. For example: Wow! Hey! Ugh! Abracadabra! Ouch! Hmm… Wow!

1. Carry out further classification within one part of speech. If you want to carefully understand the grammatical function of this word, determine whether the noun is countable or uncountable, whether the verb is transitive or intransitive, and so on.

   Choose one of the meanings of the word and think about its meaning in this context. The simpler you define the word, the better, so try to imagine that you are trying to explain this word to a child or person who is just learning to speak your language. Avoid using descriptive words, which will be even more difficult than the word itself, unless you are trying to explain their meaning along the way.

   Explore the word. What other words sound like it to you? What words are close to it in meaning? What is the difference between this word and its synonyms? For example, what distinguishes the word "fragile" from "weak" or "brittle"?

   Think about what are the synonyms (words with similar meaning) and antonyms (words with opposite meaning) of the word being defined. Some of them may end up in your dictionary entry, if they fit there.

   Describe the word being defined. Although the inclusion of synonyms in a definition is perfectly acceptable, such a definition, composed entirely of synonyms, cannot provide exhaustive information about the meaning of the word. Therefore, do your best to describe the word being defined.

   • If a word has several meanings, then you will have to define each of them separately.

2. To write a definition of a word, use words that will be familiar to a person who will read this definition for the first time, without knowing the meaning of the concept being defined. Compare:

   • Courage - courage, courage, audacity.
   • Courage - emphasized determination, fortitude.

3. Write the definition of the word in typical dictionary style. You can start with sentences like “This word is used…” or “It describes a situation in which…”, but these are best removed from the final version of your definition.

   Write the definition in such a way that it matches the part of speech being defined. Verb definitions themselves must contain many verbs, noun definitions must contain many nouns.

   • Most verb definitions must begin with the verb in indefinite form. For example, the definition of the verb “stop” might look like this: “make a short pause or stop for a while; interrupt a process or some action and start it again later.”
   • Definitions of nouns are also better to start with nouns.

4. Read your definition and make sure it matches the word you define and the meaning of that word you want to describe.

5. • Read definitions from dictionaries and glossaries and take notes on the style in which they are written.
   • See how your word is defined in other sources. Synthesizing definitions already written by someone before will help you write your own or help you learn how to write definitions of words yourself.
   • Note that we learn the meaning of most new words through context. That's why it's especially important to find examples of how a word is used in context before trying to define it.
   • Pay attention also to the etymology of the word. Sometimes it is the origin of a word that can shed light on its meaning.
   • If you are interested in the exciting history of compilation Oxford Dictionary in English, then look at this Simon Winchester's lecture.
   • If you are just learning to write dictionary definitions, then you should start with words with a narrow specific meaning, especially with nouns. Just compare the number of meanings and definitions for specific words like "souvenir" or "twitter" with the number of meanings and definitions for commonly used words like "bottom" or "current" and you'll see why. Start practicing first with non-ambiguous, highly specialized words.
   • Sometimes determining the part of speech of a word can be quite tricky. If you are not completely sure what part of speech you are dealing with, then it is better to consult a dictionary. If it's really bad, then look in the grammar reference. This type of book contains about 3,000 difficult words.

   Warnings

   • Avoid definitions that tell what the word is not, concentrate better on what it is.
   • Try to avoid ring definitions, especially if you are defining multiple words. When writing definitions for words, there is a tendency at the end of the definition to return to the word being defined or to the same root word. It may be quite acceptable to define an adverb using a single-root adjective (for example: strange - in a strange way), but this type of definition assumes that the adjective "strange" is already defined or known in advance. In general, it is better to avoid using words with the same root as the defined in the definition.
   • If you decide to include information about the origin of the word in your dictionary entry, then first make sure that you have studied the issue well. Some words have several "folk" versions of the origin. Usually these theories have no basis and are passed from mouth to mouth without any adequate confirmation. Spend your own research and adequately assess whether your sources can be trusted.
   • The parts of speech listed above are basic and common to most European languages. Other languages ​​may have other parts of speech, and some scholars have identified additional parts of speech in European languages ​​as well.