Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov short biography. Order "For Naval Merit"

Biography

PANFILOV Ivan Vasilievich(01/01/1893, Petrovsk, Saratov province - 11/18/1941, died near the village of Gusenevo, Volokolamsk district, Moscow region), Soviet military leader, major general (1940). Hero Soviet Union(12.4.1942). Born into the family of a small office worker. Since 1905 he worked for hire. In October 1915, he was called up for military service and enlisted as a private in the 168th reserve battalion, where he graduated from the training team. Member of the First World War. As part of the 638th Oltinsky Infantry Regiment, he fought on the Southwestern Front: senior non-commissioned officer, sergeant major. In February 1918 he was demobilized.

In October 1918, he voluntarily joined the Red Army and was appointed platoon commander in the 1st Saratov Soviet Regiment of the 25th Infantry Division. Participant in the Civil War. As part of the regiment, he participated in the suppression of the rebellion of the Czechoslovak Corps, in battles with the Ural White Cossacks in the Volga region and on the Ural Front. From March 1919, as part of the 20th Penza Rifle Division, he fought with the troops of Admiral A.V. Kolchak, participated in the Ufa operation. From August 1919 he fought with the regiment on the South-Eastern Front near Tsaritsyn. In March 1920 he fell ill with typhus, and upon recovery in April he was sent to the Polish Front, where he fought as a platoon commander as part of the 100th Infantry Regiment. At the end of the war, from September 1920, commanding a platoon and company, he fought against banditry in Ukraine. In March 1921, he was appointed platoon commander of the 183rd separate border battalion. In December of the same year, he was sent to study at the Kyiv Higher United School, after which he was assigned to the 52nd Yaroslavl Rifle Regiment: platoon commander, assistant commander and company commander. In April 1924 he was transferred to Turkestan to the 1st Turkestan Rifle Regiment: company commander, assistant battalion commander, head of the regimental school. From May 1925 - company commander and head of the Khorog border post as part of the Pamir detachment. In August - October 1926 he served as commander of this detachment. In August 1927, he was transferred to the 4th Turkestan Rifle Regiment to the position of head of the regimental school; from April 1928, he commanded a battalion in the 6th Turkestan Rifle Regiment of the Central Asian Military District. In March - June 1929 he took part in battles with the Basmachi. Since March 1931, commander and commissar of the 8th separate rifle battalion of local troops, since December 1932, commanded the 9th mountain rifle regiment. In January 1936, Panfilov was awarded the military rank of colonel. In July 1937, he was transferred to the headquarters of the Central Asian Military District, head of the housing and maintenance department. In October 1938, he was appointed military commissar of the Kirghiz SSR. In January 1939 he was awarded the military rank of brigade commander, and in June 1940 - major general.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Major General I.V. Panfilov in the same position. On July 12, 1941, he was appointed commander of the 316th Infantry Division, which was in formation. During the days of the defense of Moscow, the division under his command as part of the 16th Army of the Western Front defended in the Volokolamsk direction, successfully repelling all attacks by numerically superior enemy forces. For the exemplary performance of the command's combat missions and the valor and courage displayed at the same time, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on November 17, 1941, and the next day, November 18, it was reorganized into the 8th Guards Division. On the same day, Major General I.V. Panfilov died in battle near the village. Gusenevo. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and his name was given to the division.

He was awarded the Order of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, medals, and award weapons.

Born on January 1, 1893 in the city of Petrovsk, now Saratov region, in the family of a small office worker. Russian. Member of the CPSU(b) since 1920. Because of early death His mother was unable to graduate from the city school and from the age of 12 he worked as a wage earner in a shop.

Member of the First World War. In 1915 he was drafted into the tsarist army. In the same year, after graduating from the training team with the rank of non-commissioned officer, he was sent to the active army on the Russian-German front in the 638th Olpinsky infantry regiment. Later he fought on the Southwestern Front and rose to the rank of sergeant major. At the beginning of 1917 he already commanded a company. After February Revolution In 1917 he was elected a member of the regimental committee. He joined the Red Army voluntarily in October 1918. Was enrolled in
1st Saratov Infantry Regiment, later part of the 25th Chapaev Division. He took part in the Civil War, in 1918-1921, fought as part of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division, commanding a platoon and company, fought against White Guard formations under the command of generals Dutov, Kolchak, Denikin and the White Poles. After the end of the Civil War, in 1923, he graduated from the two-year Kyiv United School of Red Army Commanders named after S.S. Kamenev and soon received an appointment to the Central Asian Military District. He took part in the fight against the Basmachi. From 1924 he commanded a rifle battalion, thenrifle regiment. For military distinctions and heroism during the Civil War and after it, he was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner (1921, 1929) and the medal “XX Years of the Red Army” (1938). In 1935-1937 he taught tactics at the Tashkent Red Banner Military School named after V.I. Lenin. Since 1937 - head of the headquarters department of the Central Asian Military District. In 1938, he was appointed to the post of Military Commissar of the Kirghiz SSR. January 26, 1939 to I.V. Panfilov was awarded the military rank of brigade commander. On June 4, 1940, brigade commander I.V. Panfilov was awarded the military rank of major general. In the Great Patriotic War as part of the active army from July 1941. In July-August 1941 Panfilov I.V. was personally involved in the formation of the 316th Infantry Division. The division was formed in a short time in the Central Asian Military District in the city of Alma-Ata on the basis of the district's reserve personnel. Major General Panfilov I.V. served as commander of the 316th Infantry Division (1st formation) from 12July to November 19, 1941. An active participant in the battles near Moscow in October-November 1941. A few days before his death (November 11), Panfilov I.V. was awarded the third Order of the Red Banner.

Major General Panfilov I.V. died on the battlefield on November 19, 1941 near the city of Volokolamsk near the village of Gusenevo (Volokolamsk district of the Moscow region), having received mortal wounds from shrapnel nearbyan exploding German mortar shell. He was buried with military honors at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow (section 5). A monument was erected at the Hero's grave.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 12, 1942, for the skillful leadership of division units in battles on the outskirts of the city of Moscow and the personal courage and heroism shown to Major GeneralIvan Vasilyevich Panfilov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

The city of Dzharkent (now the city of Panfilov) and one of the villages in Kazakhstan, the village of Staro-Nikolaevka in Kyrgyzstan, the streets of many cities and villages were named after him former USSR, ships, factories, factories, collective farms. His name was given to many schools in Central Asia. In the city of Moscow the name of the Herowears an avenue and a street.

For exemplary performance of combat missions of the command, mass heroism of personnel, the 316th Rifle Division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on November 17, 1941, and the next day (November 18, 1941) was transformed into the 8th Guards Rifle Division division. Name of Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General I.V. Panfilov. division was assigned after the deaththe general himself. Later, the division was awarded the honorary name Rezhitskaya (August 1944) and awarded the Orders of Lenin and Suvorov, 2nd degree. During the Great Patriotic War, over 14 thousand soldiers of the division were awarded orders and medals, 33 officers and soldiers were awarded high rank Hero of the Soviet Union. In the post-war period, regiments of the 8th Guards Panfilov Rifle Division were stationed in Estonia (the city of Klooga).

Ivan Panfilov was born on January 1, 1893 in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov province. The boy grew up in the family of an office worker. In 1915 he was drafted into the tsarist army and took part in the First World War. October Revolution Panfilov accepted it positively and in 1918 voluntarily went to serve in the Red Army. He was enrolled in the Saratov Infantry Regiment.

During the Civil War, Ivan Vasilyevich received Active participation in combat. Commanding a platoon and company, he fought against the White Guard forces of generals Dutov, Kolchak, Denikin and the White Poles. After the war in 1923, Panfilov graduated from a two-year Kyiv military school and soon received an appointment to the Central Asian Military District, where he served for almost eighteen years. Over these years, he took an active part in the fight against the Basmachi, commanded a battalion and a regiment.

In 1937, Ivan Vasilyevich became the head of the headquarters department of the Central Asian Military District, and a year later he was appointed to the post of Military Commissar of the Kirghiz SSR. For military distinctions and heroism during the Civil War and after it, Panfilov was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner and the medal “XX Years of the Red Army,” and in June 1940 he was awarded the rank of major general.

From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, Panfilov was part of the active army. He was personally involved in the formation of the 316th Infantry Division, which he then commanded on the North-Western and Western fronts. It was his division in October - November 1941 near Moscow, in the Volokolamsk direction, that fought heavy defensive battles with superior enemy forces.

Panfilov was the first to widely use a system of layered artillery anti-tank defense, created and skillfully used mobile barrage units in battle. In continuous battles on the approaches to Moscow, units of General Panfilov’s division not only held their positions, but also managed to stop the advance of two tank and one infantry divisions of the Wehrmacht, destroying many enemy forces and weapons.

Behind successful actions During these battles and for the massive heroism of its personnel, the 316th Division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on November 17, 1941, and the next day it was transformed into the 8th Guards Rifle Division. Later she received the honorary title of Panfilovskaya in honor of the commander, but this happened after the death of Ivan Vasilyevich.

During the battle on November 18, 1941, Ivan Panfilov was in a hastily organized temporary hut, where he talked with reporters from Moscow newspapers. During a surprise tank attack by the Nazis, Panfilov hurried to the street, where he was wounded in the temple by a fragment of a mine that exploded nearby. Death came instantly.

The military leader’s body was taken to Moscow, where Ivan Panfilov was buried with honors at the Novodevichy cemetery. In 1942, the major general received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. Panfilov's biography is forever inscribed in the history of the victory over Nazi invader. A monument was erected at the site of the general’s death in the village of Gusenevo.

Memory of Ivan Panfilov

At the place of death, in the village of Gusenevo ( rural settlement Chismenskoye, Volokolamsk district, Moscow region), a monument was erected.

In Almaty, in the park named after 28 Panfilov heroes, a monument was erected.

In Bishkek, a monument was erected in the park named after Hero of the Soviet Union I.V. Panfilov.

The monument in Bishkek was erected as a result of the 1941 competition for the monument to General Panfilov (authors Apollo Manuylov, Alexander Mogilevsky and Olga Manuilova). This is the very first monument in the USSR erected in honor of a hero of the Great Patriotic War.

In Kyrgyzstan in 1942, the Panfilov district of the Chui region was formed.

In Volokolamsk on Panfilov Street - a memorial plaque on house No. 4; on Oktyabrskaya Square in the city of Volokolamsk - a bronze bust.

The city of Zharkent (1942-1991 - Panfilov) and a large village in Kazakhstan in the Almaty region, a village in Kyrgyzstan were named after him.

A school in Taraz is named after him.

A school in the South Kazakhstan region, School 57, is named after him.

School No. 54 in Almaty bears his name.

School No. 116 in Samara bears his name.

School No. 3 in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov Region, is named after him - the school where he studied, and the school also houses the I.V. Panfilov Museum.

Village named after I.V. Panfilov in the Karasu district of the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Many streets and squares in Russian cities are named after Ivan Panfilov.

Family of Ivan Panfilov

Wife - Maria Ivanovna

Five children were born into the family. Daughter Valentina (born May 1, 1923) served with her father in the medical battalion. In the last days of the war, she was seriously wounded in the head. After the war, she went on a Komsomol trip to Kazakhstan, to Alma-Ata, where she connected her life with Bakhytzhan Baikadamov, the son of Baikadam Karaldin, an “enemy of the people” repressed in the 1930s, the future founder of choral singing in Kazakhstan. Their family gave birth to daughters Aigul and Alua Baikadamov. Panfilov's son - Vladilen, colonel, test pilot.

“That day Panfilov again indicated targets to the Katyusha commander,” wavedwand," in his own words.The division left village after village, retreated to the following lines,forced the enemy to pay for advancement in blood. Panfilov sat withwith his headquarters in Gusenov, called the commanders - communication lost yesterdaythe next morning she acted again - I followed reports, as well as varioussigns, signs, like us, his troops, in a cruel defensivethey snatched it away in the battle and won another day from the enemy.The German infantry, having made its way into some gap in the defense, beganshell Gusenovo with mortars.Our tireless general put on a sheepskin coat - the same one that I remembera long-sleeved sheepskin coat with the fur turned outward at the cuffs, - he threw it onI strapped my binoculars on my tanned neck and went out to see where the shelling was coming from.The white street was dotted with black marks of explosions. Colonel Arsenyev,who came out after the general, saw him take several steps along it- your last steps. The growing howl of a mine was heard. Flame and roarshot up almost at the general’s feet. Panfilov fell. Unharmed Arsenyevrushed to him; a small, pea-sized piece of torn iron pierced the sheepskinon the left side of the chest, where Panfilov’s jacket was modestly decoratedinconspicuous, with worn enamel, received during the civil warOrder of the Red Banner.- It still seems to me that I myself was near Panfilov at that moment.I mentally see even now the sallow, mortal pallor that immediatelyhis face, I see the neat black brushes of his mustache and seem surprisedbroken eyebrows.Arsenyev began to unbutton with his fingers, which were difficult to obey, tearing offhooks, general's sheepskin coat. The general's dim eyes saw howthe old soldier-colonel was excited and shocked. Panfilov managed to whisper:- Nothing, nothing... I will live.These were his last words."(From the book “Volokolamsk Highway” by Alexander Bek).

Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov (born December 20, 1892 (January 1, 1893) in the city of Petrovsk, Saratov province. In 1915 he was drafted into the tsarist army and sent to the Russian-German front. In 1918 he voluntarily joined the Red Army and was enlisted in the 1st Saratov Infantry Regiment of the 25th Chapaev Division. Participant in the Civil War, fought as part of the 25th Chapaev Rifle Division. Took part in punitive operations. During one of the executions, machine gunner Panfilov was accused of aiding the enemy: (the machine gun jammed and machine gunner Panfilov was accused in deliberately incapacitating him.) The division commander Vasily Chapaev personally arrived for the trial of the accused, who, however, acquitted Panfilov and even appointed him commander of a machine-gun detachment.
After the Civil War, he graduated from the two-year Kyiv United Infantry School, and soon after that he was assigned to the Central Asian Military District. He took an active part in the fight against the Basmachi. Member of the CPSU(b) since 1920. Since 1938 - military commissar of the Kirghiz SSR. During the Great Patriotic War - commander of the 316th Rifle Division (since November 17, 1941 - 8th Guards Division, famous for heavy defensive battles in the Volokolamsk direction.
On November 16, the division was attacked by the forces of two German tank divisions - the 2nd Tank Division attacked the positions of the 316th Infantry Division in the center of defense, and the 11th Tank Division struck in the Dubosekovo area, at the positions of the 1075th Infantry Regiment. Units of the division led by Panfilov fought heavy defensive battles with superior enemy forces, in which the personnel showed massive heroism. During the battles on November 16-20 in the Volokolamsk direction, the 316th Infantry Division (from November 17, Red Banner, from November 18, Guards) stopped the advance of two tank and one infantry divisions of the Wehrmacht. For successful actions during these battles, the division, which had already become the 8th Guards Red Banner, received the honorary title of Panfilov on November 23. Colonel General Erich Gepner, who commanded the 4th Panzer Group, whose striking forces were defeated in battles with the 8th Guards Division, calls it in his reports to the commander of the Center group, Fedor von Bock, “a wild division fighting in violation of all regulations and rules fighting, whose soldiers do not surrender, are extremely fanatical and are not afraid of death.”
“Mass heroism is not a force of nature. Our quiet, unprepossessing general prepared us for this day, for this struggle, he foresaw, anticipated its character, steadily, patiently sought to understand the task, “rubbed in with his fingers” his plan. Let me remind you once again that our old charter did not know such words as “node of resistance” or “strong point”. The war dictated them to us. Panfilov's ear heard this dictation. He was one of the first in the Red Army to penetrate the unprecedented secret record of an unprecedented war. A small group isolated from everyone is also a knot, a strong point of struggle. Panfilov took advantage of every opportunity, almost every minute of communication with commanders and soldiers, to explain and instill in us this truth this way and that.”- Alexander Bek quotes Baurzhan Momysh Uly in his book “Volokolamsk Highway”.
He died on November 18, 1941 near the village of Gusenevo, Volokolamsk district, Moscow region, from fragments of a German mortar mine.
This is how Marshal (in 1941 Colonel) Katukov, whose 4th Tank Brigade fought on a neighboring sector of the front, describes the moment of the death of General Panfilov:
“On the morning of November 18, two dozen tanks and chains of motorized infantry again began to surround the village of Gusenevo. Here at that time Panfilov’s command post was located - a hastily dugout next to the peasant hut. The Germans fired at the village with mortars, but the fire was indirect and they did not pay attention to it.
Panfilov received a group of Moscow correspondents. When he was informed about the enemy tank attack, he hurried from the dugout to the street. He was followed by other division headquarters workers. Before Panfilov had time to climb the last step of the dugout, a mine crashed nearby. General Panfilov began to slowly sink to the ground. They picked him up. So, without regaining consciousness, he died in the arms of his comrades. They examined the wound: it turned out that a tiny fragment had pierced his temple.”
Ivan Panfilov became famous as an excellent commander of the Red Guard rifle division, as well as a major general. Already at the age of 12, Panfilov was drafted into the tsarist army, and subsequently sent to the Russian-German front. In the civil war, Panfilov fought bravely with Dutov, Kolchak and Denikin. Immediately after the war, Ivan Panfilov graduated from the Kyiv Infantry School and was assigned to a military district in Central Asia, where he took part in the battle with the Basmachi.
At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov held the post of military commissar in the Kyrgyz SSR. He himself forms a rifle division, which was named the 316th, and together with the division he goes to the front and fights near Moscow. Panfilov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner twice for his distinctions and achievements. The first time - in 1921, and the second time - in 1929, as well as the medal "XX Years of the Red Army". He was also awarded the Order of V.I. Lenin for heroism and courage. Heroism and exploits earn Ivan Panfilov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. This great title was awarded for the fact that he skillfully and competently led units of the division in battles when the division was approaching Moscow, as well as for the fact that he showed heroism and courage in battles.
Major General Ivan Panfilov did a lot for Russia and the city of Dzharkent, a village in Kazakhstan, as well as the village in Kyrgyzstan Staro-Nikolaevka were named in his honor. In addition to cities and villages, streets in Alma-Ata, Lipetsk, Barnaul and Saratov were named in honor of Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov.

In battles, Panfilov could skillfully use mobile units, thanks to which he saved his division. It was also the first time he was able to use layered artillery anti-tank defense. This helped the troops gain resilience, and they did not allow the enemy to break through the defenses.
Ivan Panfilov, even in the most difficult battles, remained calm and cool, thanks to which he excellently led the division and made correct and rational decisions. The division, for its exemplary performance of combat missions of any complexity, was transformed into the Eighth Guards Rifle Division. General Panfilov's division always firmly held its position; it was impossible to defeat it, since it always skillfully repulsed all enemy attacks.

Awards: Order of Lenin, Three Orders of the Red Banner (1921, 1929, 1941), Medal “XX Years of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army.”

After the death of the general, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Here are the lines from the performance: “In the fight against the German invaders on the approaches to Moscow, the division fought fierce battles with enemy forces four times superior. ...For a month, units of the division not only held their positions, but also, with swift counterattacks, defeated the 2nd Tank, 29th Motorized, 11th and 110th Infantry Divisions of the Nazis...”

Few managed to achieve such performance even in the victorious year of 1945. That is why, on the personal instructions of Stalin, the body of Guard Major I.V. Panfilov was delivered to Moscow, to the Central House, for a solemn funeral service Soviet army. The hero's ashes were buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in a common grave with the ashes of Panfilov's battle friend, the glorious cavalryman Lev Dovator and the ace of the Moscow sky Viktor Talalikhin.

Panfilov

Ivan Vasilievich

Battles and victories

Outstanding Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union (1942, posthumously).

He became famous during the battles for Moscow in the fall of 1941 in the Volokolamsk region. Showing personal courage and heroism, Panfilov skillfully organized resistance of units of the 316th Infantry Division to the Wehrmacht offensive in the Volokolamsk direction. Panfilov's soldiers stood to the death against superior enemy forces, holding their positions.

It was in these bloody battles for Volokolamsk and east of it that Panfilov’s division forever covered itself with glory. That’s what they called her in the army, and the soldiers of the 316th said about themselves: “We are Panfilov’s men!” Happy is the general who has earned love and faith from the mass of soldiers so simply expressed, but indelible in their hearts.

K.K. Rokossovsky

Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was born in the city of Petrovsk (now Saratov region) in 1893. Already in 1905 he was forced to start working for hire. The death of his mother and the low income of his father (an office worker) did not allow him to graduate from a 4-grade city school.

He began his military service in the tsarist army, where he was drafted in 1915. He served on the Russian-German front of the First World War with the rank of non-commissioned officer. Then he received the rank of sergeant major and became a company commander. In 1917, after the February Revolution, he was elected a member of the regimental committee. In 1918 he voluntarily joined the Red Army. Participated in the civil war as part of the 25th Chapaevskaya Rifle Division. In 1920 he joined the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). For heroism on the Polish front in 1921 he was awarded the order Red Banner.

In his autobiography (1938), I.V. Panfilov indicated: “He carried out agitation work at the front among soldiers for the end fratricidal war, for the overthrow of the Kerensky government. He waged direct armed struggle against the white armies and banditry.”

In 1923 he graduated from the Kyiv Higher United School of Red Army Commanders. Then he was sent to the Turkestan Front, where he took an active part in the fight against the Basmachi. In 1927 - head of the regimental school of the 4th Turkestan Rifle Regiment, from April 1928 he commanded a rifle battalion. In 1929, he was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner for military distinction. From December 1932 he commanded the 9th Red Banner Mountain Rifle Regiment. In 1937 he served as head of the headquarters department of the Central Asian Military District, and in 1938 he was appointed to the post of military commissar of the Kirghiz SSR. In the same year he was awarded the medal “XX Years of the Red Army”. In January 1939 he received the rank of brigade commander (since 1940 - major general).

In June 1941, Panfilov was entrusted with the formation of the 316th Infantry Division in Alma-Ata. Residents of the Alma-Ata, Dzhambul and South Kazakhstan regions, as well as residents of Kyrgyzstan (40% Kazakhs, 30% Russians, 30% representatives of another 26 peoples of the USSR) were recruited into it. These were people from civilian life, for example, the famous political instructor Klochkov, since May 1941, worked as deputy manager of the Alma-Ata canteens and restaurants trust. At the end of August 1941, the division under the command of General Panfilov became part of the 52nd Army of the North-Western Front. During the transfer, near Borovichi, the division suffered its first losses, coming under an air raid on the march. Intensive training of personnel took place at the training ground between Leningrad and Novgorod. In September 1941, the division equipped a defense zone in the second echelon of the army.

From Panfilov’s letter to his wife:

We have the honorable task of preventing the enemy from reaching the heart of our Motherland - Moscow. The enemy will be defeated, and Hitler and his gang will be destroyed. There will be no mercy for the bastard for the tears of mothers, wives, and children. "Death to Hitler!" - on every fighter’s lips. Moore, stop. I hasten to post the letter. Valya (eldest daughter, nurse - Ed.) rides ahead, with the train. She is in a cheerful, fighting mood. How do you live there, how is Maechka? Take care of her. I kiss you deeply. Folder who loves you... I kiss you. Yours Vanya.

In connection with the Wehrmacht's autumn offensive on Moscow, on October 5, 1941, Panfilov's division was transferred to the 5th Army, and then to the 16th Army, concentrated on the approaches to Moscow. At the beginning of October, the 316th Rifle Division held a 41-kilometer-long defense line (from the village of Lvovo to the Bolychevo state farm) in the Volokolamsk direction.

“On the left flank, covering Volokolamsk from the west and southwest to the Ruza River, stood the 316th Infantry Division, which arrived from the front reserve. It was commanded by General I.V. Panfilov, and the commissar was S.A. Egorov. We have not seen such a full-blooded rifle division - both in numbers and in support - for a long time, recalled the commander of the 16th Army K.K. Rokossovsky. - Already on October 14, I met with General Panfilov at his command post, and we discussed the main issues related to the actions of his formation. The conversation with Ivan Vasilyevich left a deep impression. I saw that I was dealing with a reasonable commander with serious knowledge and rich practical experience. His proposals were well founded."

This is how K.K. Rokossovsky described Panfilov himself: “A simple open face, even some shyness at the beginning. At the same time, one could feel ebullient energy and the ability to demonstrate iron will and perseverance in right moment. The general spoke respectfully about his subordinates; it was clear that he knew each of them well.

It happens that you don’t immediately understand a person - what he is capable of, what his capabilities are. General Panfilov was clear and sympathetic to me, I somehow immediately believed in him - and I was not mistaken.”

Already from October 15, Panfilov's division took part in fierce battles with the enemy. Measures were needed that would help strengthen parts of the division that had no combat experience, and convince the personnel of the strength of their weapons in the fight against the enemy.

The division had quite powerful artillery (207 guns), and Major General Panfilov, making extensive use of the system of deeply layered artillery anti-tank defense, used mobile barrage units in battle, which, despite the division’s lack of combat experience, allowed it to successfully hold back the onslaught of enemy tank units . According to the recollections of his colleagues, Panfilov brilliantly knew how to motivate his soldiers, thereby increasing their stamina in battle. According to the recollections of the general’s daughter, V.I. Panfilova, who served in the medical battalion, all the soldiers loved the division commander and called him “father.”

“He spent most of his time in regiments and even in battalions, and in those that at that moment were experiencing the most fierce pressure from the enemy. This is not ostentatious reckless courage, recalled S.I. Usanov, commissar of the artillery division of the 316th division. “On the one hand, the division commander’s personal command experience greatly helped correct the situation in difficult areas, on the other hand, his appearance at a critical moment in the battle greatly raised the spirit of soldiers and officers.”

“Giving an order must be approached wisely and creatively. The order, after being given, becomes the personal fate of the subordinate, the executor. This is very, very serious,” another colleague, Baurzhan Momysh-uly, recalled the words of Ivan Vasilyevich. “I have been a commander, one might say, all my life, but I have always believed and continue to believe: not the troops for the commander, but the commander for the troops.” One of the main tasks of the art of commanders is to hold the key to the hearts of the masses. The closer the commander is to the masses, the better and easier his work.”

On the initiative of the battalion commander of the 1073rd regiment, Senior Lieutenant Momysh-Ula, units of the division were created for bold and decisive attacks even as the enemy approached the division’s defense. The division commander approved this initiative and recommended that soldiers and officers be selected for the detachment not from one battalion, but from the entire regiment. The strongest and bravest soldiers and officers from each company were sent to the detachment. The combat operations of such detachments provided an opportunity to test the power of weapons, to recognize and see the enemy, and to be convinced that with skillful and courageous actions they could be defeated.

The 316th Division has many well-trained soldiers and puts up an amazingly tenacious defense. Her weak point is wide front location.

Report to the commander of the German Army Group Center von Bock

“On the morning of November 16, enemy troops began to rapidly develop an offensive from the Volokolamsk region to Klin,” recalled Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov. “Fierce battles unfolded. The rifle divisions of the 16th Army fought especially stubbornly: the 316th of General I.V. Panfilova. 78th General A.P. Beloborodov and the 18th General P.N. Chernyshev, a separate cadet regiment S.I. Mladentseva, 1st Guards, 23, 27, 28th separate tank brigades and cavalry group of Major General L.M. Dovatora... The battles that took place on November 16-18 were very difficult for us. The enemy, regardless of losses, pressed ahead, trying to break through to Moscow with his tank wedges at any cost. But deeply echeloned artillery and anti-tank defense and well-organized interaction of all types of troops did not allow the enemy to break through the battle formations of the 16th Army. Slowly, but in perfect order, this army was withdrawn to lines prepared in advance and already occupied by artillery, where again its units fought stubbornly, repelling the attacks of the Nazis.”

Soldiers of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment of the 316th division, led by political instructor V.G. Klochkov, who occupied the defense in the area of ​​the Dubosekovo junction, stopped the advance of 50 enemy tanks for 4 hours on November 16, destroying 18 of them. It was this event that went down in history as the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes.

The next day, the division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for its exemplary performance of combat missions of the command and mass heroism.

“Under the most difficult conditions of the combat situation, Comrade Panfilov always retained leadership and control of the units. In continuous month-long battles on the approaches to Moscow, units of the division not only held their positions, but also with swift counterattacks defeated the 2nd tank, 29th motorized, 11th and 110th infantry divisions, destroying 9,000 enemy soldiers and officers, more than 80 tanks, a lot of guns, mortars and other weapons” (G.K. Zhukov).

K.K. Rokossovsky gave a high characterization to I.V. Panfilov as a military leader: “The division commander controlled the troops confidently, firmly, wisely. If things get really difficult here, I thought, then we need to help Panfilov only by reinforcing him with fresh forces, and he can use them without prompting from above.”

On November 13, Panfilov wrote to his wife:

Today, by order of the front, hundreds of soldiers and division commanders were awarded the Order of the Union. Two days ago I was awarded the third Order of the Red Banner... I think that soon my division should be a guards division, there are already three heroes. Our motto is to be everyone's hero.

On November 18, the 316th Division was reorganized into the 8th Guards Rifle Division. The general did not live to see this glorious moment for only a few hours - on the same day, having received a mortal wound, I.V. Panfilov died near the village of Gusenevo (now Volokolamsk district, Moscow region).

From the memoirs of Major General of Tank Forces M.E. Katukov:

“We warmly congratulated our comrades, with whom we became close during these hot days. There was no time for ceremonial rallies: the division - now the 8th Guards - did not crawl out of the trenches, holding back the advancing enemy with the utmost effort. On the morning of November 18, two dozen tanks and chains of motorized infantry again began to surround the village of Gusenevo. Here at that time there was Panfilov’s command post - a hastily dugout next to the peasant hut. The Germans fired mortars at the village, but the fire was indirect and they did not pay attention to it.

Panfilov received a group of Moscow correspondents. When he was informed about the enemy tank attack, he hurried from the dugout to the street. He was followed by other division headquarters workers. Before Panfilov had time to climb the last step of the dugout, a mine crashed nearby. General Panfilov began to slowly sink to the ground. They picked him up. So, without regaining consciousness, he died in the arms of his comrades. They examined the wound: it turned out that a tiny fragment had pierced his temple.

The news of Ivan Vasilyevich's death shocked both the division and the brigade, especially those who knew him well. For me it was a terrible loss. I managed to fall in love with the brave general and work with him. The only thing you can’t get used to in war is the death of loved ones.”

According to the memoirs of M.E. Katukov, Panfilov’s death shocked the tank crews so much that in the next battle, “like madmen they rushed towards Hitler’s vehicles,” leaving the enemy in confusion for some time. Wehrmacht Colonel General Erich Gepner, who encountered the 8th Guards Division in the battles near Volokolamsk, in reports to the commander of the Center group, Fedor von Bock, wrote about it as a “wild division”, whose soldiers do not surrender and are not afraid of death .

I.V. Panfilov was buried with military honors in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery, and a monument was erected over his grave.

Monument to I.V. Panfilov

Bishkek

On November 23, the division received the name of its deceased commander, becoming the second named division to participate in the battles of the Great Patriotic War. The battle flag of the Panfilov Guards Division flew among others at the Victory Parade in Moscow in 1945.

On April 12, 1942, Major General I.V. Panfilov was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin and he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - for skillful leadership of division units in battles on the outskirts of the city of Moscow and the personal courage and heroism shown. At the site of his death, in the village of Gusenevo, a monument to the general was also erected. His name was immortalized in different parts Soviet Union, Panfilov streets appeared in Moscow, Alma-Ata, Bishkek, Perm, Lipetsk, Volokolamsk, Saratov, Yoshkar-Ola, Minsk, Omsk, Voronezh, Petrovsk and other cities. In Kazakhstan, the city of Zharkent in 1942-1991. In honor of the hero-commander he was named Panfilov, the Panfilov district of the Chui region was formed in Kyrgyzstan. Monument to I.V. Panfilov was installed in Bishkek, becoming the very first monument in the USSR erected in honor of the hero of the Great Patriotic War.

GLUKHAREV N.N., Ph.D.

Literature

Kuznetsov P. Hero of the Soviet Union I.V. Panfilov. 1948

Malinin G.A. General Panfilov. Saratov, 1981

Momysh-uly B. General Panfilov. Alma-Ata, 1965

Momysh-uly B. General Panfilov. “Kazakhstanskaya Pravda”, No. 302, 12/31/1967

Panfilova V.I. My father: memories. Alma-Ata, 1971

Panfilov's: Sat. memories of veterans of the 8th Guard. them. I.V. Panfilov rifle division. / Comp. A. Usenov et al. Alma-Ata, 1985

Usenov A., Trefilov A. We are from Panfilovskaya, Almaty, 1991

Medinsky V."War. Myths of the USSR. 1939-1945". Second edition. M., 2012

Internet

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Current story

IN Lately The theme of 28 Panfilov men has become very popular. The reason for this was an attempt by a group of enthusiasts, tired of the slop about the war, filmed by eminent creators with public money, to create a film about the legendary feat at the Dubosekovo crossing.

The idea is good - and deserves good implementation. But before enthusiasts had time to start collecting money for filming, “historical objectivists” raised a muddy wave: “there was no such feat, the reporter made it all up!!!” Although there is a huge distance between the reporter’s invention and the absence of a feat, and one does not follow from the other.

So let's try to look at least superficially at who Panfilov's men were and what happened near Dubosekovo.

...The division, number 316, was formed in Alma-Ata after the start of the war. They formed it in a month from Russians and Kazakhs, the majority of whom had not even passed conscript service. That is, in essence, from recruits who had neither combat experience nor military training.

Upon completion of formation, the division was transferred by rail to Novgorod, to the most intense at that moment, the North-Western direction. But a month later, in connection with the beginning of the German offensive on Moscow (Operation Typhoon), the 316th division was transferred to central direction. On October 5, the transfer began, and on October 12, the division was unloaded near Volokolamsk, where it began preparing its defensive line within the Mozhaisk defense line. The total length of this line, from the Bolychevo state farm to the village of Lvovo, was 41 km.

Here we need to make a small digression. According to tactical instructions and the military views adopted in the Red Army in 1940, the rifle division was supposed to receive a 6-8 km strip when defending in the direction of the enemy’s main attack, and 10-12 km in the secondary direction. The 316th Division, unfired, made up of recruits and not having a full roster, received a strip of 41 km. And this is in the direction of the main attack. That is, the length of the division’s front was 5(!) times greater than the standard, and for every kilometer of the front there was 5 times fewer soldiers and firepower than was considered necessary to create a sufficiently strong defense.

The lack of guns in the “Panfilov” division itself (54 guns), on the one hand, was more than covered by the reinforcement artillery units assigned (another 141 guns). But, on the other hand, this gain was greatly devalued by the lack of ammunition. That is, in general, the defense, although very well organized, was very “liquid”, having several times less than the required density of troops and firepower.

German troops, building on their initial success, reached the Mozhaisk defense line by October 15. In the Volokolamsk area, formations of the 5th Army and 46th Motorized Corps were advancing. Opposed to the 316th division were the German 2nd and 11th tank and 35th infantry divisions. All units were well armed and had extensive combat experience. The Germans hoped to easily, on the move, knock Panfilov’s men off their occupied line.

On October 16, the 2nd Tank Division unsuccessfully attacked the left flank of the “Panfilov” division - the positions of the 1075th regiment. The German attacks were repulsed. On October 17, the blow was delivered by large forces. During several attacks, the Germans managed to advance literally a kilometer, and Panfilov’s defense held firm. On October 18, the Germans further strengthened the attacking group and forced the 1075th Regiment to withdraw. But with heroic resistance artillery units The Germans were stopped and only managed to reach Ruza.

Total: in three days of fierce fighting, having enormous numerical and fire superiority and relying on complete air supremacy, the Germans managed to advance only a few kilometers. Panfilov's division held out.

Having failed on the left flank of the division, the Germans struck on the right, against the 1077th regiment, repeating the attack on the left flank. The Germans again managed to advance a little on both flanks. But again they were unable to overthrow the 316th Division. Despite heavy losses, an acute shortage of ammunition, and the enemy's multiple superiority, Panfilov's men continued to hold the front. They left Volokolamsk only at the end of October, when the Germans broke through in other sectors and there was a threat of encirclement of the division.

What happened before Dubosekovo? The Germans, conducting a rapid (according to plans) attack on Moscow, managed to advance less than two dozen kilometers in the Volokolamsk direction in half a month of fighting. And they stood up, pulling up reinforcements and rear forces. On November 2, the front line stabilized.

Was this a feat?

Yes, it was actually a miracle.

When a division of recruits, stretched out in a thin line and lacking ammunition, stopped a far superior, experienced enemy for a long time. And those recruits who retreated under terrible pressure one day tightly held onto their positions the next.

...On November 16, the next stage of the German offensive began. At the same time, the German attack turned out to be counter.

From Stalin’s conversation with Zhukov on November 10: “Shaposhnikov and I believe that it is necessary to thwart the enemy’s impending strike with our preemptive counterstrikes. One counterattack must be launched bypassing Volokolamsk from the north... In the Volokolamsk area, use the right-flank formations of Rokosovsky’s army, a tank division and cavalry, which is located in the Klin area.”

On November 15, a tank-cavalry group struck north of the positions of the 316th division. The strike of inexperienced and small units, although it had initial success, did not develop. On November 16, the 316th Division was supposed to strike in support of its advancing neighbors. And she was preparing for the attack. But she herself found herself at the forefront of the German attack.

At the time of the German attack, the neighbors of Panfilov’s division were already in desperate situation, and the division itself, which was about to advance, was attacked by at least three times the enemy forces. The 4th Panzer Group of the Wehrmacht was rushing towards Moscow.

In theory, with such introductions, the 316th Division should have been swept away outright. Three Germans attacked our division. The positions of the 1075th regiment stretched from the exit from Volokolamsk to the Dubosekovo junction. That is, for one incompletely equipped regiment there was a larger front than was required in defense for a full-blooded division. On the Novo-Nikolskoye (now Bolshoye Nikolskoye) - Dubosekovo section, that is, on a front of 4 km, the 2nd battalion of the 1075th regiment held the defense. Actually, at Dubosekovo-Petelino the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th regiment held the defense, the same one in which the legendary Klochkov was political instructor. That is, the company, which consisted of less than one and a half hundred soldiers, accounted for more than a kilometer of front in an open field.

The positions of the 1075th regiment were attacked by 11 TDs. In this case, the main blow fell on the 2nd battalion. With the indicated density of defense, with such a difference in forces, it is impossible to hold the front in the event of a counter attack. But Panfilov’s division held out. The 2nd Battalion also held out for long, impossibly long hours. The first German attack was repulsed. With the second blow, the German tank division crushed the battalion. But the units retreated fighting, with terrible losses, but delaying the enemy. There were 20-25 people left in the 4th company. That is about one out of every six. From November 16 to November 20, in 5 days of fighting, the Germans managed to advance only to Chismena, that is, 12 km.

It was during these battles that the division was awarded and became an example to follow. On November 17 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and on November 18 she was awarded the rank of Guards.

Were these battles heroic? Was it a feat of Panfilov's men?

Well, what else? What other name can you come up with?

Well, now about “yeah, but there were not 28 of them, the journalist gave other details.” Well, in reality, the feat never strictly coincides with newspaper descriptions in hot pursuit. Newspaper descriptions are not a report from a commission from headquarters.

There was a feat of Panfilov's men.

There was a feat of individual companies.

And what about a journalist from the front line (from the front line, and not from a computer screen in a cozy office! in the middle the fiercest battle, and not between cups of coffee!) I listed the names inaccurately - what, if not a secret, is important in assessing the feat?

One way or another, the number “28” is forever imprinted in our history.

And historical science is powerless here, not to mention arithmetic and statistics.

The fact that there were not exactly 300 Spartans at Thermopylae, the fact that the Phocians remained with them, the fact that the Greeks exaggerated the strength of the Persians - does it somehow cancel the feat of the people who died for the freedom of their country and delayed their many times superior enemy with their death?

The feat of Panfilov's men is greater than the feat of ancient heroes. It is larger, because it was committed by recruits against an experienced enemy, and not by recognized best warriors of its time. And these recruits fought day after day, for months, becoming a short time veterans, and then the guard.

And it is no longer possible for us to know all the details of this feat, the feat of each company. And when there is no way to find out all the facts, a legend remains.

But this legend is true, because it speaks of a real feat of real people.

Because German tanks no one made it up. And they were never seen in the capital of our country - also because they were met by unimaginative Panfilovites.

I personally want a film to be made about Panfilov’s men. And so that this would be a film about heroes whose glory is immortal. And it doesn’t matter exactly how many heroes the film will talk about. It is important not to forget - the ENTIRE division was heroic. And such a division was not the only one in the Red Army.

And it was these heroes who died for the freedom of our country and our people who saved it.

YULIN Boris, in military historian, author of the book “Battle of Borodino”,
leading Historical Forum on Goblin's Dead End ,
livejournal author sha_julin

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Medal "For Victory over Japan"

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

A talented commander who distinguished himself during the Time of Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century. In 1608, Skopin-Shuisky was sent by Tsar Vasily Shuisky to negotiate with the Swedes in Novgorod the Great. He managed to negotiate Swedish assistance to Russia in the fight against False Dmitry II. The Swedes recognized Skopin-Shuisky as their undisputed leader. In 1609, he and the Russian-Swedish army came to the rescue of the capital, which was under siege by False Dmitry II. He defeated detachments of adherents of the impostor in the battles of Torzhok, Tver and Dmitrov, and liberated the Volga region from them. He lifted the blockade from Moscow and entered it in March 1610.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

The largest figure in world history, life and government activity which left the deepest mark not only in fate Soviet people, but also of all humanity, will be the subject of careful study by historians for many more centuries. The historical and biographical feature of this personality is that she will never be consigned to oblivion.
During Stalin's tenure as Supreme Commander-in-Chief and Chairman of the State Defense Committee, our country was marked by victory in the Great Patriotic War, massive labor and front-line heroism, the transformation of the USSR into a superpower with significant scientific, military and industrial potential, and the strengthening of our country's geopolitical influence in the world.
Ten Stalinist strikes is the general name for a number of the largest offensive strategic operations in the Great Patriotic War, carried out in 1944 by the armed forces of the USSR. Along with other offensive operations, they made a decisive contribution to the victory of the countries of the Anti-Hitler coalition over Nazi Germany and its allies in World War II.

Slashchev-Krymsky Yakov Alexandrovich

Defense of Crimea in 1919-20. “The Reds are my enemies, but they did the main thing - my work: they revived great Russia!” (General Slashchev-Krymsky).

Momyshuly Bauyrzhan

Fidel Castro called him a hero of World War II.
He brilliantly put into practice the tactics of fighting with small forces against an enemy many times superior in strength, developed by Major General I.V. Panfilov, which later received the name “Momyshuly’s spiral.”

Chuikov Vasily Ivanovich

Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).
From 1942 to 1946, commander of the 62nd Army (8th guards army), especially distinguished himself in the Battle of Stalingrad. He took part in defensive battles on the distant approaches to Stalingrad. From September 12, 1942, he commanded the 62nd Army. IN AND. Chuikov received the task of defending Stalingrad at any cost. The front command believed that Lieutenant General Chuikov was characterized by such positive traits, like determination and firmness, courage and a great operational outlook, a high sense of responsibility and consciousness of one’s duty. The army, under the command of V.I. Chuikov, became famous for the heroic six-month defense of Stalingrad in street fighting in a completely destroyed city, fighting on isolated bridgeheads on the banks of the wide Volga.

For the unprecedented mass heroism and steadfastness of its personnel, in April 1943, the 62nd Army received the honorary title of Guards and became known as the 8th Guards Army.

Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich

Successfully commanded Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War. Among other things, he stopped the Germans near Moscow and took Berlin.

Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich

Comrade Stalin, in addition to the atomic and missile projects, together with Army General Alexei Innokentievich Antonov, participated in the development and implementation of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Second World War, brilliantly organized the work of the rear, even in the first difficult years war.

Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich

Perhaps he is the most talented commander of the entire Civil War, even if compared with the commanders of all its sides. A man of powerful military talent, fighting spirit and Christian noble qualities is a true White Knight. Kappel's talent and personal qualities were noticed and respected even by his opponents. Author of many military operations and exploits - including the capture of Kazan, the Great Siberian Ice Campaign, etc. Many of his calculations, not assessed on time and missed through no fault of his own, later turned out to be the most correct, as the course of the Civil War showed.

Romanov Mikhail Timofeevich

Heroic Defense Mogilev, for the first time all-round anti-tank defense of the city.

Istomin Vladimir Ivanovich

Istomin, Lazarev, Nakhimov, Kornilov - Great people who served and fought in the city of Russian glory - Sevastopol!

Drozdovsky Mikhail Gordeevich

He managed to bring his subordinate troops to the Don in full force, and fought extremely effectively in the conditions of the civil war.

Margelov Vasily Filippovich

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

A man whose faith, courage, and patriotism defended our state

Minikh Christopher Antonovich

Due to the ambiguous attitude towards the period of Anna Ioannovna’s reign, she is a largely underrated commander, who was the commander-in-chief of the Russian troops throughout her reign.

Commander of Russian troops during the War of the Polish Succession and architect of the victory of Russian weapons in the Russian-Turkish War of 1735-1739.

Margelov Vasily Filippovich

Creator of modern airborne forces. When the BMD with its crew parachuted for the first time, its commander was his son. In my opinion, this fact suggests that wonderful person, like V.F. Margelov, that's it. About his devotion to the Airborne Forces!

Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich

Commander-in-Chief during the Patriotic War of 1812. One of the most famous and beloved military heroes by the people!

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak (November 4 (November 16) 1874, St. Petersburg - February 7, 1920, Irkutsk) - Russian oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, military and political figure, naval commander, active member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society(1906), admiral (1918), leader of the White movement, Supreme Ruler of Russia.

Participant of the Russian-Japanese War, Defense of Port Arthur. During World War I he commanded a mine division Baltic Fleet(1915-1916), Black Sea Fleet (1916-1917). Knight of St. George.
The leader of the White movement both on a nationwide scale and directly in the East of Russia. As the Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918-1920), he was recognized by all the leaders of the White movement, “de jure” by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, “de facto” by the Entente states.
Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army.

It's simple - It was he, as a commander, who made the greatest contribution to the defeat of Napoleon. He saved the army under the most difficult conditions, despite misunderstandings and grave accusations of treason. It is to him that ours is practically a contemporary of those events great poet Pushkin dedicated the poem "Commander".
Pushkin, recognizing Kutuzov's merits, did not oppose him to Barclay. In place of the common alternative “Barclay or Kutuzov,” with the traditional resolution in favor of Kutuzov, Pushkin came to a new position: both Barclay and Kutuzov are both worthy of the grateful memory of posterity, but Kutuzov is revered by everyone, but Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly is undeservedly forgotten.
Pushkin mentioned Barclay de Tolly even earlier, in one of the chapters of “Eugene Onegin” -

Thunderstorm of the twelfth year
It has arrived - who helped us here?
The frenzy of the people
Barclay, winter or Russian god?...

Voronov Nikolay Nikolaevich

N.N. Voronov is the commander of artillery of the USSR Armed Forces. For outstanding services to the Motherland, N.N. Voronov. the first in the Soviet Union to be awarded the military ranks of “Marshal of Artillery” (1943) and “Chief Marshal of Artillery” (1944).
...carried out general management of the liquidation of the Nazi group surrounded at Stalingrad.

Shein Alexey Semyonovich

The first Russian generalissimo. Leader of the Azov campaigns of Peter I.

Romanov Alexander I Pavlovich

The de facto commander-in-chief of the allied armies that liberated Europe in 1813-1814. "He took Paris, he founded the Lyceum." The Great Leader who crushed Napoleon himself. (The shame of Austerlitz is not comparable to the tragedy of 1941)

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

Well, who else but him is the only Russian commander who has not lost more than one battle!!!

Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

Duke of Württemberg Eugene

General of Infantry, cousin Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I. In service in the Russian Army since 1797 (enlisted as a colonel in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment by Decree of Emperor Paul I). Participated in military campaigns against Napoleon in 1806-1807. For participation in the battle of Pułtusk in 1806 he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious, 4th degree, for the campaign of 1807 he received a golden weapon “For Bravery”, he distinguished himself in the campaign of 1812 (he personally led the 4th Jaeger Regiment into battle in the Battle of Smolensk), for participation in the Battle of Borodino he was awarded the Order of St. George the Victorious, 3rd degree. Since November 1812, commander of the 2nd Infantry Corps in Kutuzov's army. He took an active part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814; units under his command particularly distinguished themselves in the Battle of Kulm in August 1813, and in the “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig. For courage at Leipzig, Duke Eugene was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd degree. Parts of his corps were the first to enter defeated Paris on April 30, 1814, for which Eugene of Württemberg received the rank of infantry general. From 1818 to 1821 was the commander of the 1st Army Infantry Corps. Contemporaries considered Prince Eugene of Württemberg one of the best Russian infantry commanders during the Napoleonic Wars. On December 21, 1825, Nicholas I was appointed chief of the Tauride Grenadier Regiment, which became known as the “His Grenadier Regiment.” Royal Highness Prince Eugene of Württemberg Regiment." On August 22, 1826 he was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1827-1828. as commander of the 7th Infantry Corps. On October 3, he defeated a large Turkish detachment on the Kamchik River.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Under his leadership, the Red Army crushed fascism.

Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich

Izylmetyev Ivan Nikolaevich

Commanded the frigate "Aurora". He made the transition from St. Petersburg to Kamchatka in a record time for those times in 66 days. In Callao Bay he eluded the Anglo-French squadron. Having arrived in Petropavlovsk together with the governor of the Kamchatka Territory, Zavoiko V. organized the defense of the city, during which the sailors from the Aurora, together with local residents They threw an outnumbered Anglo-French landing force into the sea. Then they took the Aurora to the Amur Estuary, hiding it there. After these events, the English public demanded a trial of the admirals who had lost the Russian frigate.

Golenishchev-Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich

(1745-1813).
1. A GREAT Russian commander, he was an example for his soldiers. Appreciated every soldier. “M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov is not only the liberator of the Fatherland, he is the only one who outplayed the hitherto invincible French emperor, turning “ great army"into the crowd of ragamuffins, saving, thanks to his military genius, the lives of many Russian soldiers."
2. Mikhail Illarionovich, being a highly educated man who knew several foreign languages, dexterous, sophisticated, who knew how to animate society with the gift of words and an entertaining story, also served Russia as an excellent diplomat - ambassador to Turkey.
3. M.I. Kutuzov is the first to become a full holder of the highest military order of St. St. George the Victorious four degrees.
The life of Mikhail Illarionovich is an example of service to the fatherland, attitude towards soldiers, spiritual strength for Russian military leaders of our time and, of course, for younger generation- future military.

Minich Burchard-Christopher

One of the best Russian commanders and military engineers. The first commander to enter Crimea. Winner at Stavuchany.

Rurikovich Yaroslav the Wise Vladimirovich

He dedicated his life to protecting the Fatherland. Defeated the Pechenegs. He established the Russian state as one of the greatest states of his time.

Miloradovich

Bagration, Miloradovich, Davydov are some very special breed of people. They don't do things like that now. The heroes of 1812 were distinguished by complete recklessness and complete contempt for death. And it was General Miloradovich, who went through all the wars for Russia without a single scratch, who became the first victim of individual terror. After Kakhovsky's shot at Senate Square The Russian revolution followed this path - right up to the basement of the Ipatiev House. Taking away the best.

Rurik Svyatoslav Igorevich

Year of birth 942 date of death 972 Expansion of state borders. 965 conquest of the Khazars, 963 march south to the Kuban region, capture of Tmutarakan, 969 conquest of the Volga Bulgars, 971 conquest of the Bulgarian kingdom, 968 founding of Pereyaslavets on the Danube (the new capital of Rus'), 969 defeat of the Pechenegs in the defense of Kyiv.

Kornilov Vladimir Alekseevich

During the outbreak of the war with England and France, he actually commanded the Black Sea Fleet, and until his heroic death he was the immediate superior of P.S. Nakhimov and V.I. Istomina. After the landing of the Anglo-French troops in Yevpatoria and the defeat of the Russian troops on Alma, Kornilov received an order from the commander-in-chief in the Crimea, Prince Menshikov, to sink the ships of the fleet in the roadstead in order to use sailors for the defense of Sevastopol from land.

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, F. F. Ushakov made a serious contribution to the development of tactics sailing fleet. Relying on the entire set of principles for training naval forces and military art, incorporating all the accumulated tactical experience, F. F. Ushakov acted creatively, based on the specific situation and common sense. His actions were distinguished by decisiveness and extraordinary courage. Without hesitation, he reorganized the fleet into battle formation even when approaching the enemy directly, minimizing the time of tactical deployment. Despite the established tactical rule of the commander being in the middle of the battle formation, Ushakov, implementing the principle of concentration of forces, boldly placed his ship in the forefront and occupied the most dangerous positions, encouraging his commanders with his own courage. He was distinguished by a quick assessment of the situation, an accurate calculation of all success factors and a decisive attack aimed at achieving complete victory over the enemy. In this regard, Admiral F. F. Ushakov can rightfully be considered the founder of the Russian tactical school in naval art.

Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky Pyotr Alexandrovich

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The brilliant military leadership of the USSR in the Second World War.

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

Finnish War.
Strategic retreat in the first half of 1812
European expedition of 1812

Dovator Lev Mikhailovich

Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union. Known for successful operations to destroy German troops during the Great Patriotic War. The German command placed a large reward on Dovator's head.
Together with the 8th Guards Division named after Major General I.V. Panfilov, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of General M.E. Katukov and other troops of the 16th Army, his corps defended the approaches to Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction.

Dolgorukov Yuri Alekseevich

An outstanding statesman and military leader of the era of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Prince. Commanding the Russian army in Lithuania, in 1658 he defeated Hetman V. Gonsevsky in the Battle of Verki, taking him prisoner. This was the first time since 1500 that a Russian governor captured the hetman. In 1660, at the head of an army sent to Mogilev, besieged by Polish-Lithuanian troops, he won a strategic victory over the enemy on the Basya River near the village of Gubarevo, forcing hetmans P. Sapieha and S. Charnetsky to retreat from the city. Thanks to the actions of Dolgorukov, the “front line” in Belarus along the Dnieper remained until the end of the war of 1654-1667. In 1670, he led an army aimed at fighting the Cossacks of Stenka Razin, and quickly suppressed the Cossack rebellion, which subsequently led to the Don Cossacks swearing an oath of allegiance to the Tsar and transforming the Cossacks from robbers into “sovereign servants.”

Margelov Vasily Filippovich

Author and initiator of the creation of technical means of the Airborne Forces and methods of using units and formations of the Airborne Forces, many of which personify the image of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces and the Russian Armed Forces that currently exists.

General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified an entire era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces; their authority and popularity are associated with his name not only in our country, but also abroad...

Colonel Nikolai Fedorovich Ivanov:
Under Margelov's leadership for more than twenty years landing troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious for their service in them, especially revered by the people... The photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums was among the soldiers most high price- for a set of badges. The competition for admission to the Ryazan Airborne School exceeded the numbers of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who missed out on exams lived for two or three months, before the snow and frost, in the forests near Ryazan in the hope that someone would not withstand the load and it would be possible to take his place .

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

Gurko Joseph Vladimirovich

Field Marshal General (1828-1901) Hero of Shipka and Plevna, Liberator of Bulgaria (a street in Sofia is named after him, a monument was erected). In 1877 he commanded the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. To quickly capture some passes through the Balkans, Gurko led an advance detachment consisting of four cavalry regiments, a rifle brigade and the newly formed Bulgarian militia, with two batteries of horse artillery. Gurko completed his task quickly and boldly and won a series of victories over the Turks, ending with the capture of Kazanlak and Shipka. During the struggle for Plevna, Gurko, at the head of the guard and cavalry troops of the western detachment, defeated the Turks near Gorny Dubnyak and Telish, then again went to the Balkans, occupied Entropol and Orhanye, and after the fall of Plevna, reinforced by the IX Corps and the 3rd Guards Infantry Division , despite the terrible cold, crossed the Balkan ridge, took Philippopolis and occupied Adrianople, opening the way to Constantinople. At the end of the war, he commanded military districts, was governor-general, and a member of the state council. Buried in Tver (Sakharovo village)

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

according to the only criterion - invincibility.

Kuznetsov Nikolay Gerasimovich

He made a great contribution to strengthening the fleet before the war; conducted a number of major exercises, initiated the opening of new maritime schools and maritime special schools (later Nakhimov schools). On the eve of Germany's surprise attack on the USSR, he took effective measures to increase the combat readiness of the fleets, and on the night of June 22, he gave the order to bring them to full combat readiness, which made it possible to avoid losses of ships and naval aviation.

Golovanov Alexander Evgenievich

He is the creator of Soviet long-range aviation (LAA).
Units under the command of Golovanov bombed Berlin, Koenigsberg, Danzig and other cities in Germany, striking important strategic targets behind enemy lines.

Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich

The best Russian commander during the First World War. An ardent patriot of his Motherland.

Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich

The great Russian naval commander who won victories at Fedonisi, Kaliakria, at Cape Tendra and during the liberation of the islands of Malta (Ianian Islands) and Corfu. Discovered and introduced new tactics of naval combat, abandoning linear construction ships and showed the tactics of a “scattered formation” with an attack on the flagship of the enemy fleet. One of the founders of the Black Sea Fleet and its commander in 1790-1792.

Bennigsen Leonty

An unjustly forgotten commander. Having won several battles against Napoleon and his marshals, he drew two battles with Napoleon and lost one battle. Participated in the Battle of Borodino. One of the contenders for the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army during the Patriotic War of 1812!

Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich

Marshal of Aviation of the USSR, the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union, symbol of Victory over the Nazi Wehrmacht in the air, one of the most successful fighter pilots of the Great Patriotic War (WWII).

While participating in the air battles of the Great Patriotic War, he developed and tested in battles new tactics of air combat, which made it possible to seize the initiative in the air and ultimately defeat the fascist Luftwaffe. In fact, he created an entire school of WWII aces. Commanding the 9th Guards Air Division, he continued to personally participate in air battles, scoring 65 air victories throughout the entire period of the war.

Ridiger Fedor Vasilievich

Adjutant General, Cavalry General, Adjutant General... He had three Golden sabers with the inscription: “For bravery”... In 1849, Ridiger took part in a campaign in Hungary to suppress the unrest that arose there, being appointed head of the right column. On May 9, Russian troops entered the Austrian Empire. He pursued the rebel army until August 1, forcing them to lay down their arms in front of Russian troops near Vilyagosh. On August 5, the troops entrusted to him occupied the Arad fortress. During the trip of Field Marshal Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich to Warsaw, Count Ridiger commanded the troops located in Hungary and Transylvania... On February 21, 1854, during the absence of Field Marshal Prince Paskevich in the Kingdom of Poland, Count Ridiger commanded all troops located in the area of ​​​​the active army - as a commander separate corps and at the same time served as head of the Kingdom of Poland. After the return of Field Marshal Prince Paskevich to Warsaw, from August 3, 1854, he served as Warsaw military governor.

Dubynin Viktor Petrovich

From April 30, 1986 to June 1, 1987 - commander of the 40th combined arms army of the Turkestan Military District. The troops of this army made up the bulk of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. During the year of his command of the army, the number of irretrievable losses decreased by 2 times compared to 1984-1985.
On June 10, 1992, Colonel General V.P. Dubynin was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
His merits include keeping the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin from a number of ill-conceived decisions in military sphere, especially in the field of nuclear forces.

Saltykov Pyotr Semyonovich

The largest successes of the Russian army in the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763 are associated with his name. Winner in the battles of Palzig,
In the Battle of Kunersdorf, defeating the Prussian king Frederick II the Great, Berlin was taken by the troops of Totleben and Chernyshev.

Pozharsky Dmitry Mikhailovich

In 1612, during the most difficult time for Russia, he led the Russian militia and liberated the capital from the hands of the conquerors.
Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky (November 1, 1578 - April 30, 1642) - Russian national hero, military and political figure, head of the Second People's Militia, which liberated Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian occupiers. His name and the name of Kuzma Minin are closely associated with the country’s exit from the Time of Troubles, which is currently celebrated in Russia on November 4th.
After being elected to Russian throne Mikhail Fedorovich D. M. Pozharsky plays a leading role at the royal court as a talented military leader and statesman. Despite the victory of the people's militia and the election of the Tsar, the war in Russia still continued. In 1615-1616. Pozharsky, on the instructions of the tsar, was sent at the head of a large army to fight the detachments of the Polish colonel Lisovsky, who besieged the city of Bryansk and took Karachev. After the fight with Lisovsky, the tsar instructs Pozharsky in the spring of 1616 to collect the fifth money from merchants into the treasury, since the wars did not stop and the treasury was depleted. In 1617, the tsar instructed Pozharsky to conduct diplomatic negotiations with the English ambassador John Merik, appointing Pozharsky as governor of Kolomensky. In the same year, the Polish prince Vladislav came to the Moscow state. Residents of Kaluga and its neighboring cities turned to the tsar with a request to send them D. M. Pozharsky to protect them from the Poles. The Tsar fulfilled the request of the Kaluga residents and gave an order to Pozharsky on October 18, 1617 to protect Kaluga and surrounding cities by all available measures. Prince Pozharsky fulfilled the tsar's order with honor. Having successfully defended Kaluga, Pozharsky received an order from the tsar to go to the aid of Mozhaisk, namely to the city of Borovsk, and began to harass the troops of Prince Vladislav with flying detachments, causing them significant damage. However, at the same time, Pozharsky became very ill and, at the behest of the tsar, returned to Moscow. Pozharsky, having barely recovered from his illness, took an active part in defending the capital from Vladislav’s troops, for which Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich awarded him new fiefs and estates.

Peter the First

Because he not only conquered the lands of his fathers, but also established the status of Russia as a power!

Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich

One of the most successful generals in Russia during the First World War. The Erzurum and Sarakamysh operations carried out by him on Caucasian Front, carried out in extremely unfavorable conditions for Russian troops, and ending in victories, I believe, deserve to be included among the brightest victories of Russian weapons. In addition, Nikolai Nikolaevich stood out for his modesty and decency, lived and died as an honest Russian officer, and remained faithful to the oath to the end.

His Serene Highness Prince Wittgenstein Peter Christianovich

For the defeat French units Oudinot and Macdonald at Klyastitsy, thereby closing the road for French army to St. Petersburg in 1812. Then in October 1812 he defeated Saint-Cyr's corps near Polotsk. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian-Prussian armies in April-May 1813.

Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich

Antonov Alexey Inokentevich

Chief strategist of the USSR in 1943-45, practically unknown to society
"Kutuzov" World War II

Humble and committed. Victorious. Author of all operations since the spring of 1943 and the victory itself. Others gained fame - Stalin and the front commanders.

Linevich Nikolai Petrovich

Nikolai Petrovich Linevich (December 24, 1838 - April 10, 1908) - a prominent Russian military figure, infantry general (1903), adjutant general (1905); general who took Beijing by storm.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

A person who combines the body of knowledge of a natural scientist, a scientist and a great strategist.

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

Full Knight of the Order of St. George. In the history of military art, according to Western authors (for example: J. Witter), he entered as the architect of the “scorched earth” strategy and tactics - cutting off the main enemy troops from the rear, depriving them of supplies and organizing guerrilla warfare in their rear. M.V. Kutuzov, after taking command of the Russian army, essentially continued the tactics developed by Barclay de Tolly and defeated Napoleon’s army.

Rokhlin Lev Yakovlevich

He headed the 8th Guards Army Corps in Chechnya. Under his leadership, a number of districts of Grozny were captured, including the presidential palace. For participation in the Chechen campaign, he was nominated for the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, but refused to accept it, stating that “he has no moral right to receive this award for military operations on his own territory.” countries".

Prince Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

The most remarkable of the Russian princes of the pre-Tatar period of our history, who left behind great fame and good memory.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Was Supreme Commander-in-Chief during the Great Patriotic War, in which our country won, and made all strategic decisions.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

I would like to propose the “candidacies” of Svyatoslav and his father, Igor, as greatest commanders And political leaders of my time, I think there is no point in listing to historians their services to the fatherland, I was unpleasantly surprised not to see their names on this list. Sincerely.

Sheremetev Boris Petrovich

Behind Northern War

Recommended: Tapir Medardovich Joseph Vladimirovich Gurko (1828-1901)

General, hero of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878, which marked the liberation of the Balkan peoples from centuries-old Ottoman rule, put forward whole line talented military leaders. Among them should be named M.D. Skobeleva, M.I. Dragomirova, N.G. Stoletova, F.F. Radetsky, P.P. Kartseva and others. Among these illustrious names there is one more - Joseph Vladimirovich Gurko, whose name is associated with the victory at Plevna, the heroic transition through the winter Balkans and victories along the banks of the Maritsa River.

Fedor Ivanovich Tolbukhin

Major General F.I. Tolbukhin showed himself during Battle of Stalingrad, commanding the 57th Army. The second "Stalingrad" for the Germans - Iasi-Kishinev operation, in which he commanded the 2nd Ukrainian Front.
One of the galaxy of commanders who were raised and promoted by I.V. Stalin.
The great merit of Marshal of the Soviet Union Tolbukhin was in the liberation of the countries of South-Eastern Europe.