The ice is fragile on the icy river. As in an excerpt from the poem N.A.

"Glorious Autumn" Nikolai Nekrasov

Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous
The air invigorates tired forces;
The ice is fragile on the icy river
As if melting sugar lies;

Near the forest, as in a soft bed,
You can sleep - peace and space!
The leaves have not faded yet,
Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.

Glorious autumn! frosty nights,
Clear, quiet days...
There is no ugliness in nature! And kochi
And moss swamps, and stumps -
All is well under the moonlight
Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ...
I quickly fly along cast-iron rails,
I think my mind.

Analysis of Nekrasov's poem "Glorious Autumn"

The compositional integrity of the landscape sketch, which begins the famous "" of 1864, makes it possible to single out a poetic fragment as independent work. Its main theme is the multi-colored beauty of "clear, quiet" autumn days, which has a beneficial effect on well-being. In terms of optimistic mood and a sense of vivacity, the tonality of Nekrasov's creation approaches the feelings of the Pushkin hero, who welcomed the arrival of the "Russian cold" - refreshing, rejuvenating, restoring a taste for life.

The author endows the image of autumn with the appraisal epithet “glorious”. The latter not only displays admiration, but also emphasizes the upbeat energetic mood of the lyrical subject. Explaining the approving exclamation that opens the text, the hero speaks of healing power fresh air. Here, the vernacular “vigorous” is used, which is unusual for a poetic style. The combination of the “fresh” word with the lexemes “healthy” and “invigorates” creates a concentration of the sounds “r” and “o”. The means of sound recording support the impression of the life-giving effect of autumn weather.

To characterize natural objects the poet resorts to original comparisons: thin ice is like “melting sugar”, a lush layer of fallen leaves is like a carpet or bed. The listed examples can be considered as a single combination united by the semantics of home comfort. The purity and freshness of a calm, friendly nature is akin to the comfort of a human home.

The Anaphora, which begins the third quatrain, continues with a phrase about cold nights and fine days. It is similar in meaning to the remark about the refreshing effect of the air, placed in the beginning. The technique, which actually expands the boundaries of the lexical anaphora, gradually leads the reader to a philosophical generalization. The lyrical subject sees harmony even in the most prosaic details: bumps, swamps, stumps. It's interesting that positive emotions are transmitted through negation, indicating the absence of "ugliness" in the paintings of the native landscape.

The final episode concretizes the features of the observer's position. It turns out that he thoughtfully contemplates the views of nature from the train window. A long journey along the “cast-iron rails” also explains the change in the time of day: from daylight, which allows you to see the yellowness of the leaves, to the “moonlight”, the flickering of which gives mysterious beauty ordinary hills and swamps. The motif of rapid movement, indicated by the verb "fly", precedes main theme"Railway".

Vania(in a coachman's coat).
Dad! who built this road?
daddy(in a coat with a red lining),
Count Pyotr Andreyevich Kleinmichel, my dear!
Conversation in the car

Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous
The air invigorates tired forces;
The ice is fragile on the icy river
As if melting sugar lies;

Near the forest, as in a soft bed,
You can sleep - peace and space!
The leaves have not faded yet,
Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.

Glorious autumn! frosty nights,
Clear, quiet days...
There is no ugliness in nature! And kochi
And moss swamps, and stumps -

All is well under the moonlight
Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ...
I quickly fly along cast-iron rails,
I think my mind...

Good papa! Why in charm
Keep Vanya smart?
You let me in the moonlight
Show him the truth.

This work, Vanya, was terribly huge
Not on the shoulder alone!
There is a king in the world: this king is merciless,
Hunger is his name.

He leads armies; at sea by ships
Rules; drives people to the artel,
Walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders
Stonecutters, weavers.

He drove the masses of the people here.
Many are in terrible fight,
Calling to life these barren wilds,
The coffin was found here.

Straight path: the mounds are narrow,
Poles, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many of them! Vanya, do you know?

Chu! terrible exclamations were heard!
Stomp and gnashing of teeth;
A shadow ran over the frosty glass...
What's there? Crowd of the Dead!

They overtake the cast-iron road,
Then the sides run.
Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night
We love to see our work!

We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold,
With an eternally bent back,
Lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Were cold and wet, sick with scurvy.

We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses were crushed, the need was crushing ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!

Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the earth ...
Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness
Or have you forgotten for a long time? .. "

Do not be horrified by their wild singing!
From Volkhov, from mother Volga, from Oka,
From different parts of the great state -
It's all your brothers - men!

It's a shame to be shy, to close with a glove,
You are no longer small! .. Russian hair,
You see, he is standing, exhausted by a fever,
Tall sick Belarusian:

Lips bloodless, eyelids fallen,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
The legs are swollen; tangle in hair;

I am pitting my chest, which is diligently on the spade
From day to day leaned all century ...
You look at him, Vanya, carefully:
It was difficult for a man to get his bread!

Didn't straighten his hunchbacked back
He is still: stupidly silent
And mechanically rusty shovel
Frozen ground hammering!

This noble habit of work
It would not be bad for us to adopt with you ...
Bless the work of the people
And learn to respect the man.

Do not be shy for the dear homeland ...
The Russian people carried enough
Carried out this railroad -
Will endure whatever the Lord sends!

Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will pave the way for himself with his chest.
The only pity is to live in this beautiful time
You won't have to, neither me nor you.

At this moment the whistle is deafening
He squealed - the crowd of the dead disappeared!
"I saw, dad, I'm an amazing dream, -
Vanya said - five thousand men,

Russian tribes and breeds representatives
Suddenly appeared - and is he he told me:
"Here they are - our road builders! .."
The general laughed!

“I was recently in the walls of the Vatican,
I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights,
I saw Saint Stephen in Vienna,
Well… did the people create all this?

Excuse me this impudent laugh,
Your logic is a bit wild.
Or for you Apollo Belvedere
Worse than an oven pot?

Here are your people - these terms and baths,
A miracle of art - he pulled everything away! ”-
“I’m not talking for you, but for Vanya…”
But the general did not object:

"Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German
Do not create - destroy the master,
Barbarians! a wild crowd of drunkards! ..
However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha;

You know, the spectacle of death, sadness
It is a sin to revolt a child's heart.
Would you show the child now
The bright side…

Happy to show!
Listen, my dear: fatal works
It's over - the German is already laying the rails.
The dead are buried in the ground; sick
Hidden in dugouts; working people

Gathered in a close crowd at the office ...
They scratched their heads hard:
Each contractor must remain,
Truant days have become a penny!

Everything was entered by ten's men in a book -
Did he take a bath, was the patient lying:
“Maybe there is now a surplus here,
Yes, come on! .. ”They waved their hands ...

In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet,
Fat, squat, red as copper,
A contractor is walking along the line on a holiday,
He goes to see his work.

The idle people make way dignifiedly...
Sweat wipes the merchant from the face
And he says, akimbo pictorially:
“Okay… not something about… well done a!.. well done a!..

With God, now home - congratulations!
(Hats off - if I say!)
I expose a barrel of wine to workers
AND - donate arrears!..»

Someone cheered. Picked up
Louder, friendlier, longer... Look:
With a song, the foremen rolled a barrel ...
Here even the lazy could not resist!

Unharnessed the people of the horses - and the merchant
With a cry of "Hurrah!" sped along the road...
Seems hard to cheer up the picture
Draw, General?

Analysis of the poem "Railway" by Nekrasov

The vast majority of Nekrasov's work is devoted to the simple Russian people, describing their troubles and suffering. He believed that a true poet should not stray from reality into romantic illusions. Poem " Railway» - a prime example civil lyrics poet. It was written in 1864 and is dedicated to the construction of the Nikolaev railway (1843-1851).

The railway between Petersburg and Moscow became grandiose project. It significantly raised the authority of Russia, reduced the gap from the developed European countries.

At the same time, the construction was carried out by backward methods. The labor of the state and serfs was actually slave labor. The state did not take into account the victims, on a difficult physical work many people died in unbearable conditions.

The introduction to the work is the subtle irony of Nekrasov. The general calls the builder of the railway not a disenfranchised mass of workers, but Count Kleinmichel, who became famous for his cruelty.

The first part of the poem is a lyrical description of the beautiful view that opens before the eyes of the passengers of the train. Nekrasov lovingly depicts the landscape of "dear Russia". In the second part there is a drastic change. The narrator shows the general's son a terrible picture of the construction of the railway, which high society prefers not to see. Behind the movement to progress are thousands peasant lives. From all over the vast Russia, the peasants were gathered here by the "real king" - hunger. Titanic work, like many large-scale Russian projects, literally strewn with the bones of people.

The third part is the opinion of a self-confident general, symbolizing the stupidity and narrow-mindedness of high society. He believes that illiterate and always drunk men have no value. Only the highest creations of human art are important. In this thought, opponents of Nekrasov's views on the role of the creator in the life of society are easily guessed.

At the General's request, the narrator shows Vanya the "bright side" of construction. The work is finished, the dead are buried, it's time to take stock. Russia proves to the world its progressive development. The emperor and high society triumph. The heads of construction sites and merchants received significant profits. The workers were rewarded with... a barrel of wine and forgiveness of accumulated fines. A timid exclamation of "Hurrah!" taken over by the crowd.

The picture of the general final rejoicing is incredibly bitter and sad. long-suffering Russian people deceived again. Symbolic price grand construction(one third of the annual budget Russian Empire), which claimed thousands of lives, was expressed for ordinary workers in a barrel of vodka. They cannot appreciate the true value of their work, and therefore are grateful and happy.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was an outstanding writer. He became famous for his numerous works, which are popular to this day. Many of his works are taken as a basis in theatrical and cinematographic activities.

The poet was the founder of a new, democratic trend that developed a civic position. Along with many famous writers, including Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ivan Turgenev, was published in the Sovremennik magazine, of which he was the editor.

In this article, we will consider one of the author's works called "Railway", which was written in 1864, at a time when civil position took more and more pronounced forms of revolutionary and democratic orientation.

All reality is reflected in this poem. This is the growth of the Russian Empire, in the desire to catch up European countries escaping from agricultural slavery. This is the deplorable state in which it was most of people willing to sell their labor for a pittance. This is the attitude of different segments of the population to construction.

The construction of the railway took place during the period of serfdom, when peasants, regardless of their desire, were driven to construction. But even after the abolition of serfdom, unfortunate people did not have a worthy place in society. As a result of the past reforms, many farms became unprofitable and simply closed. Now the master drove people to the construction site and not patriotism, but hunger. To feed themselves, many were forced to sell their labor for a penny.

Without embellishment, Nekrasov was able to describe the whole reality in his poem.

This work is recognized as one of the most dramatic of those times. It begins with a description of everyday days, and everything sounds colorful, this can be understood from such expressions: “the ice is not strong”, “the river is icy”. At the beginning of the lines you might think that this is lyrical work because the author reveals everything gradually, as if enhancing the effect and preparing the reader.

So, according to the story, a little son with his father, a general, set off on a journey by rail. Here the son begins to ask his father who built such a huge railway with trains. The general without hesitation for a long time names the name of the builder, Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmichel. Then the son falls asleep from motion sickness on the road and he has a dream that was more of a horror. In this dream, the child saw the whole truth about the construction of this road.

The work was very hard, which they agreed to out of hopelessness. The name of this hopelessness was hunger. I had to live in dugouts, there was practically no rest as such. They had to work for at least twelve hours in damp and frozen conditions, while there were strict limits, and observers recorded every mistake of the builders.

Builders were fined so often that sometimes they did not have enough salaries. Some were given a barrel of wine as a salary. If a person had something against, argued with the main ones, then he was simply notched with rods to death. Many died from various diseases or exhaustion, such people were buried on the same road. From this we can conclude that the road was built on human bones.

Straight path: the mounds are narrow,
Poles, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many of them! Vanya, do you know?

Of course, officially the construction site was given special meaning like the construction site of the century. The road, which was built for twelve years, reduced the time spent on the road during the journey, between the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, by seven times. In addition, this construction had a political connotation. All-Russian Emperor Nicholas I wanted to declare in Europe about his state as progressive and developed. Funds were allocated for the creation of an infrastructure of the appropriate level, good specialists, including foreign ones. That's just about their own people, who were cheap labor, few people thought.

The whole history of the construction of the railway was true and told about how the people actually lived and what they had to endure. Then the emperor highly appreciated the work of the organizers of the construction. The Commander-in-Chief of Communications, Count Pyotr Andreevich Kleinmikhel, was awarded an award for services to the Fatherland. Indeed, the speed of construction was at its best, and the death rate of ordinary hard workers was considered as a cost of production.

Analysis of the poem

The railway was called Nikolayevskaya and was built from 1842 to 1855.

Only 12 years later, Nekrasov had this poem. The work itself seems to give an answer to the question whether the descendants of the unfortunate workers who gave their lives to strengthen the state as a progressive state and for the convenience of the upper stratum of the population will remember.

We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold,
With an eternally bent back,
Lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Were cold and wet, sick with scurvy.
We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses were crushed, the need was crushing ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!
Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the earth ...
Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness
Or have you forgotten a long time ago?

The poem itself consists of four parts. All of them are united by one plot and image. lyrical hero. The narrator and the neighbors in the carriage, where there is a boy and his father are generals. The dialogue is about the railway, about how it was built, this is the epigraph.
The first part of the story describes nature, where the surroundings are very colorfully displayed, which can be seen from the train window. It is very perfect and, as it were, there is no such ugliness that is present in people's lives. The second part is already shown in the form of a monologue of the narrator himself, where the life of society is shown. It shows the life of the builders of this highway, all their sufferings and misfortunes.

The main meaning is in the last three stanzas. Where it is described that the Russian people must be respected, that with their diligence and sacrifices they are moving towards a brighter future. The writer also very accurately describes the mentality of the people, who have endured many sufferings and humiliations for centuries. With just one statement, Nekrasov described the whole life of the people of those times:

"It's a pity - I won't have to live in this beautiful time - neither me nor you"

In the third part, the author presents a dispute between the author and the general, where the reader can take either side. It is hard to argue with the fact that the people are illiterate, downtrodden, dirty. The general presents evidence, calling people miserable destroyers and drunkards, and only in this he sees their lot. But the author comes to the defense of the peasants, stating that the people themselves are not to blame for this.

In the fourth part, the discussion continues. Now the author has dug even deeper. The reader is even more immersed in the problems of society. It becomes clear that the different positions that already divide society are an insurmountable abyss. And small people, from the point of view of the upper class, are simply consumables. A material that, if necessary, can be sacrificed indefinitely.

But the narrator believes that a "bright future" will come, because the Russian people deserve a better life. In a different way, Nekrasov could not finish the poem. He put all his pain into every line. That is why his words echo in the hearts of his contemporaries.

Vania (in a coachman's coat).
Dad! who built this road?
daddy (in a coat with a red lining).
Count Pyotr Andreyevich Kleinmichel, my dear!

Conversation in the car

I

Glorious autumn! Healthy, vigorous
The air invigorates tired forces;
The ice is fragile on the icy river
As if melting sugar lies;

Near the forest, as in a soft bed,
You can sleep - peace and space!
The leaves have not faded yet,
Yellow and fresh lie like a carpet.

Glorious autumn! frosty nights,
Clear, quiet days...
There is no ugliness in nature! And kochi
And moss swamps, and stumps -

All is well under the moonlight
Everywhere I recognize my dear Russia ...
I quickly fly along cast-iron rails,
I think my mind...

II

"Good dad! Why in charm
Keep Vanya smart?
You let me in the moonlight
Show him the truth.

This work, Vanya, was terribly enormous, -
Not on the shoulder alone!
There is a king in the world: this king is merciless,
Hunger is his name.

He leads armies; at sea by ships
Rules; drives people to the artel,
Walks behind the plow, stands behind the shoulders
Stonecutters, weavers.

He drove the masses of the people here.
Many are in a terrible struggle,
Calling to life these barren wilds,
The coffin was found here.

Straight path: the mounds are narrow,
Poles, rails, bridges.
And on the sides, all the bones are Russian ...
How many of them! Vanya, do you know?

Chu! terrible exclamations were heard!
Stomp and gnashing of teeth;
A shadow ran over the frosty glass...
What's there? Crowd of the Dead!

They overtake the cast-iron road,
Then the sides run.
Do you hear the singing? .. "On this moonlit night
We love to see our work!

We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold,
With an eternally bent back,
Lived in dugouts, fought hunger,
Were cold and wet, sick with scurvy.

We were robbed by literate foremen,
The bosses were crushed, the need was crushing ...
We have endured everything, God's warriors,
Peaceful children of labor!

Brothers! You are reaping our fruits!
We are destined to rot in the earth ...
Do you all remember us, the poor, with kindness
Or have you forgotten for a long time? ..“

Do not be horrified by their wild singing!
From Volkhov, from mother Volga, from Oka,
From different parts of the great state -
It's all your brothers - men!

It's a shame to be shy, to cover yourself with a glove.
You are no longer small! .. Russian hair,
You see, he is standing, exhausted by a fever,
Tall, sick Belarusian:

Lips bloodless, eyelids fallen,
Ulcers on skinny arms
Forever knee-deep in water
The legs are swollen; tangle in hair;

I am pitting my chest, which is diligently on the spade
From day to day leaned all century ...
You look at him, Vanya, carefully:
It was difficult for a man to get his bread!

Didn't straighten his hunchbacked back
He is still: stupidly silent
And mechanically rusty shovel
Frozen ground hammering!

This noble habit of work
We would not be bad to adopt with you ...
Bless the work of the people
And learn to respect the man.

Do not be shy for the dear homeland ...
The Russian people carried enough
Carried out this railroad -
Will endure whatever the Lord sends!

Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will pave the way for himself with his chest.
The only pity is to live in this beautiful time
You won't have to - neither me nor you.

III

At this moment the whistle is deafening
He squealed - the crowd of the dead disappeared!
"I saw, dad, I'm an amazing dream, -
Vanya said - five thousand men,

Russian tribes and breeds representatives
Suddenly appeared - and is he he told me:
“Here they are, the builders of our road! ..””
The general laughed!

I was recently in the groans of the Vatican,
I wandered around the Colosseum for two nights,
I saw Saint Stephen in Vienna,
Well... did the people create all this?

Excuse me this impudent laugh,
Your logic is a bit wild.
Or for you Apollo Belvedere
Worse than an oven pot?

Here are your people - these terms and baths,
A miracle of art - he pulled everything away! -
"I'm not talking for you, but for Vanya..."
But the general did not object:

Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German
Do not create - destroy the master,
Barbarians! a wild crowd of drunkards! ..
However, it's time to take care of Vanyusha;

You know, the spectacle of death, sadness
It is a sin to revolt a child's heart.
Would you show the child now
The bright side... -

IV

“Glad to show!
Listen, my dear: fatal works
It's over - the German is already laying the rails.
The dead are buried in the ground; sick
Hidden in dugouts; working people

Gathered in a close crowd at the office ...
They scratched their heads hard:
Each contractor must remain,
Truant days have become a penny!

Everything was entered by ten's men in a book -
Did he take a bath, was the patient lying:
"Maybe there's just too much here now,
Yes, you go! .. “They waved their hands ...

In a blue caftan - a venerable meadowsweet,
Fat, squat, red as copper,
A contractor is walking along the line on a holiday,
He goes to see his work.

The idle people make way decorously...
Sweat wipes the merchant from the face
And he says, akimbo pictorially:
"Okay ... something ... well done! .. well done! ..

With God, now home - congratulations!
(Hats off - if I say!)
I expose a barrel of wine to workers
AND - I donate arrears!“

Someone cheered. Picked up
Louder, friendlier, longer... Look:
With a song, the foremen rolled a barrel ...
Here even the lazy could not resist!

Unharnessed the people of the horses - and the merchant
With a cry of "Hurrah!" I rushed along the road ...
Seems hard to cheer up the picture
Draw, general? .. "

Vania(in a coachman's coat).
Dad! who built this road?

daddy(in a coat with a red lining),
Count Pyotr Andreyevich Kleinmichel, my dear!

Conversation in the car