Who belongs to the writers of storytellers. Famous storytellers

January 12, 2018, 09:22

January 12, 1628 was born Charles Perrault - French storyteller, author of the well-known fairy tales "Puss in Boots", "Cinderella" and "Bluebeard". While the magical stories that came out from the pen of the author are known to everyone, young and old, few people know who he was, how he lived and even what Perrault looked like. The Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Anderson, Hoffmann and Kipling... Names familiar to us from childhood, behind which people unknown to us are hidden. We invite you to get acquainted with how famous storytellers looked and lived. Earlier we talked about famous children's authors of the USSR.

Charles Perrault (1628-1703).
Fairy tales such as Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy and Bluebeard - all these works are familiar to everyone. Alas, the largest French poet Not everyone recognizes the 17th century.

One of the key reasons for such a low interest in the appearance of the creator was the confusion with the names under which it was published. most of literary works of Charles Perrault. As it turned out later, the critic deliberately used the name of his 19-year-old son, d. Armancourt. Apparently, afraid of tarnishing his reputation by working with such a genre as a fairy tale, the author decided not to use his already famous name.

The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote a lot scientific papers.

In the 1660s, he largely determined the policy of the court Louis XIV in the field of arts, was appointed secretary of the Academy of inscriptions and belles-lettres.

Already in 1697, Perrault published one of his most popular collections, Tales of Mother Goose, which contained eight tales, which were a literary adaptation of folk legends.

Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859) and Jacob (1785-1863).
Some of the most famous works of authors are fairy tales, which have already become classics. Many of the brothers' creations are rightfully considered world classics. In order to evaluate their contribution to world culture one need only recall such fairy tales as "Snow White and Scarlet", "Straw, Coal and Bean", "Bremen Street Musicians", "The Brave Little Tailor", "The Wolf and the Seven Kids", "Hansel and Gretel" and many, many others.

The fates of the two linguist brothers were so intertwined with each other that many early admirers of their work called the researchers German culture nothing but creative twins.

It is worth noting that this definition was partly true: Wilhelm and Jacob were inseparable from the very beginning. early years. The brothers were so attached to each other that they preferred to spend time exclusively together, and passionate love for common cause only united two future collectors of folklore around the main cause of their life - writing.

Despite such similar views, characters and aspirations, Wilhelm was strongly influenced by the fact that in childhood the boy grew up weak and often ill ... Despite the self-distribution of roles in the creative union, Jacob always felt it his duty to support his brother, which only contributed to a deep and fruitful work on publications.

In addition to their main activities as linguists, the Brothers Grimm were also jurists, scientists, and at the end of their lives they took up the creation of the first dictionary of the German language.

Although Wilhelm and Jakob are considered the founding fathers of Germanic philology and German studies, they gained their wide popularity thanks to fairy tales. It should be noted that most of the content of the collections is considered by contemporaries not at all for children, but hidden meaning, invested in every published story, to this day is perceived by the public much deeper and more subtle than just a fairy tale.

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875).
The Dane is the author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults: "The Ugly Duckling", "The King's New Dress", "Thumbelina", "Resistant tin soldier", "Princess on the Pea", " Ole Lukoye", "The Snow Queen"and many others.

Hans's talent began to manifest itself in early childhood- the boy was distinguished by remarkable imagination and daydreaming. Unlike his peers, the future prose writer adored puppet theaters and seemed noticeably more sensitive than his surroundings.

It would seem that if Anderson had not decided in time to try to express himself through writing poetry, the sensitivity of the young man could have played a cruel joke on him.

His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen.

Hans always considered school time to be one of the darkest periods of his life. Having completed his studies back in 1827, Anderson continued to suffer from dyslexia until the end of his life: the most talented writer of our time made many mistakes in writing and was never able to properly master the letter.

Despite the obvious illiteracy, the young man wrote his first play, which deserved great success with the audience, at the age of only 15 years. creative way Anderson led the Danish writer to real recognition: at the age of 30, the man was able to publish the first book of fairy tales, which to this day is read and loved not only by children, but also by adults.

Andersen never married and had no children.

Fatal for Anderson was 1872. The writer accidentally fell out of bed and hurt himself badly. Despite the fact that after the fall, the prose writer lived another three happy years, main reason death is considered to be fatal fall, after which the writer could not recover.

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822).
Perhaps the most famous German tale is The Nutcracker and the Mouse King.

Hoffmann's writing talent was extremely difficult to coexist with a frank disgust for "petty-bourgeois", "tea" societies. Unwilling to put up with the move public life, the young man preferred to spend his evenings and nights in a wine cellar.

Hoffmann nevertheless became a famous romantic writer. In addition to a sophisticated imagination, Ernst also demonstrated success in music, creating several operas, and then putting them to the public. That very "petty-bourgeois" and hated society accepted the talented talent with honors.

Wilhelm Hauff (1802-1827).
The German storyteller is the author of such works as "Dwarf Nose", "The Story of the Caliph-Stork", "The Story of Little Flour".

After graduating from university, Gauf composed for the children of a familiar noble official fairy tales, which were first published in the Almanac of Tales of January 1826 for the Sons and Daughters of Noble Estates.

Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002).
Swedish writer - author of a number of world famous books for children, including "Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof" and stories about Pippi Longstocking.

Gianni Rodari (1920-1980).
Famous Italian children's writer, storyteller and journalist - the “dad” of the well-known Cipollino.

While still a student, he joined the youth fascist organization "Italian Lictor Youth". In 1941, becoming a teacher elementary school, He joined fascist party, where he stayed until the moment of its liquidation in July 1943.

In 1948, Rodari became a journalist for the communist newspaper Unita and began writing books for children. In 1951, as an editor of a children's magazine, he published the first collection of poems - "The Book of Jolly Poems", as well as his most famous work "The Adventures of Cipollino".

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936).
The author of "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, as well as fairy tales "The cat that walks by itself", "Where did the camel's hump come from?", "How did the leopard get his spots" and others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950).
The most famous fairy tales of the author: "Mistress of the Copper Mountain", "Silver Hoof", " Malachite Box"," Two Lizards "," Golden Hair "," Stone Flower ".

People's love and fame overtook Bazhov only by the age of 60. The belated publication of the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" was dedicated exclusively to the anniversary of the writer. It is important to note that the previously underestimated talent of Pavel Petrovich eventually found his devoted reader.

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright.

From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early.

His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen.

Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day.

Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and many others.

Charles Perrault (1628-1703)

The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works.

In 1697, his collection "Tales of Mother Goose" was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created.

As for the most famous works, few people did not read in childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837)

Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.

Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good home education, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (privileged educational institution), befriended others famous poets, including the "Decembrists".

In the life of the poet there were both periods of ups and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38.

But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, the Tale of dead princess and seven bogatyrs", "The Tale of the Priest and Worker Balda".

Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm from their youth to the very gravestone were inseparable water: they were tied common interests and general adventure.

Wilhelm Grimm grew up sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother.

The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist.

Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)

The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language.

In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism

It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent.

The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America.

When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded Nobel Prize- and to this day he remains the youngest writer-laureate in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: -

- “A cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get a hump?”, “How did a leopard get its spots”, they all tell about distant countries and are very interesting.

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)

Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller.

He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker."

Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.

Alan Milne (1882-1856)

Who among us does not know the funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - the author of these funny fairy tales and is Alan Milne.

The writer spent his childhood in London, he was wonderful an educated person, then served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926.

Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult.

The books have been translated into 25 languages ​​and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to the stories about Winnie the Pooh, the fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "An Ordinary Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others are known.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)

Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent.

As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying literature and folklore. different countries: and so the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way.

In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales.

The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".

Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871)

This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and explored it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research.

Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called " folk book“, because more than one generation has grown up on them.

The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.

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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse. Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), and was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda.”

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Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950) The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author's 60th birthday was the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" published, which brought people's love to Bazhov. It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.

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Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945) Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent. As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way. In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales. The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".

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Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasiev (1826-1871) This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and studied it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.

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Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and others.

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Charles Perrault (1628-1703) French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault was afraid that the storyteller's reputation could damage his career. In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in their childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.

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Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jakob (1785-1863) Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.

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Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: "The cat that walks by itself", "Where does the camel have a hump?" the leopard got his spots”, they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

Keepers of Russian antiquity, bearers historical memory people were Russian storytellers (performers of epics) and storytellers. They conveyed to the audience the originality folk poetry, were the soul, the source of bright, cheerful moods of the person listening to them. Each of them had their own performance style. Each of them had their own individual features. Among the narrators there are richly gifted poetic natures with great creative figurativeness. Some folk narrators were prone to fantastic images, others to everyday images, and still others to jokes and jokes. We present brief information about individual performers of oral folk art.

Krivopolenova Marya Dmitrievna(1843-1924) - known as a performer of epics and fairy tales. Folklorists note "her hot temperament", childlike gaiety, "wit, passion for everything that she is now dreaming of, amazing command of the language." I first met her in 1900 by A.D. Grigoriev, wrote down 13 epics and 5 spiritual verses from her, and a year later another epic. However, the texts recorded from her in the scientific collection did not change her beggarly fate, but in 1915 she was “discovered” by O.E. Ozarovskaya 1, brings to Moscow, to Petrograd ... Numerous performances begin, which are held with great success, now they are waiting for her at home as a celebrity. Artists and sculptors meet with the storyteller. S.T. Konenkov creates the sculpture "Prophetic old woman". Later, trips from Ozarovskaya to Ukraine and the Caucasus followed. From Marya Dmitrievna, many recruit songs and fairy tales were recorded. The famous folklorist B.M. Sokolov recalled her performance: “She sings a “fable” ... and so imperiously orders everyone to pull up that a thousandth crowd, forgetting their age and position, at that moment is full of one desire: to please the forest old woman. The charm of her personality, firm, bright and joyful, forged by the wondrous north, is reflected in her performance, and the exclamation of the crowd, the same in all cities, is understandable: “Thank you, grandmother!” So understandable is the desire of a thousand people to shake the old, wrinkled hand, which has been sadly stretching out for alms all their lives, to shake with a feeling of love and respect for their grandmother, as for the image of our people.

Vinokurova Natalya Osipovna(1860-1930) - first met and recorded her fairy tales by M.K. Azadovsky, who subsequently thoroughly studied the creative style of the Siberian storyteller (image of the Verkhnelensky region, alloys, convoys, hunting, recruitment scenes, etc.). Her tales are sustained, solid, they do not contain unnecessary details. It brings to the fore the experiences of the characters that determine their actions. The episodes are developed truthfully and convincingly. The psychologism of fairy tales is also characteristic, which manifests itself in rapid, tense dialogues, which are accompanied by a description of the gestures and facial expressions of the characters, songs and landscapes play a significant role in fairy tales. In all fairy tales, softness, gentleness, delicacy are manifested. Her tales are known here and abroad.

Sorokovnikov Egor Ivanovich(Magai) (1868-1948). Tales of E.I. Sorokovnikov was written down, studied by many folklorists, "Tales of Magai" were repeatedly published with an article by Azadovsky. His tales are permeated with features of Siberian life. They give a lot of space to pictures of nature: the harsh taiga, majestic snow loaches, enchanting snowy valleys, in a word, everything that is so generous and rich in his homeland - the Tunka Valley. And in the guise of the main characters of Sorokovnikov's fairy tales, the outlines of his fellow countrymen clearly appear. Sorokovnikov's ancestors are Buryats, hence the generic name Magai, added to his Russian surname. Yegor Ivanovich's father was a famous hunter and storyteller, a connoisseur of Russian and Buryat fairy tales. It is no coincidence that Sorokovnikov began to tell fairy tales from childhood: at work, at the mill, at home and with neighbors. In fairy tales, he usually retained a fairy-tale ritual: his works are richly decorated with beginnings, endings, transitional formulas, such as: “the fairy tale soon affects, but the deed is not done soon”, they contain many fairy-tale details, everyday details.

Abram Novopoltsev(1820-1885). In the 1870s, D.N. Sadovnikov wrote down 72 fairy tales. They formed the main content of the collection of D.N. Sadovnikov "Tales and legends of the Samara region". Abram Novopoltsev, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, was an old man of high stature, broad in the shoulders. He was a shepherd, lived in poverty, had four sons, loved to drink, joke and "tell stories." He skillfully told fairy tales, and witty everyday stories, and children's fairy tales about animals, and historical legends, and funny anecdotes. Fairy tales dominated Novopoltsev's repertoire (25 texts). The storyteller perfectly mastered all the tricks of a classic fairy tale, using common places, repetitions, fabulous formulas, permanent epithets. Whatever Novopoltsev told, he always tried to cheer up, to make his audience laugh. With buffoons, he is related by a penchant for satire, irony, a wide knowledge of various folklore genres. The storyteller repeatedly introduced songs, numerous proverbs and jokes into fairy tales. A significant place in his repertoire was occupied by satirical anti-priest and anti-bar tales. Novopoltsev's skill and wealth vocabulary his language, and the emphasized vernacular increases the dynamism of the narrative, gives his tales an unusually tense pace.

Gospodariov Philipp Pavlovich(1865-1938) - originally from the Mogilev province, where his childhood and youth. As a child, he loved to listen to the peasants who gathered in the evening on the rubble of Shevtsov's grandfather's house, their wonderful tales, especially the "stories" that he told. “For the first time,” he recalled, “I heard “Soldier's Sons” from Shevtsov on a holiday, on logs. The sun did not set - he began to tell, and it became dark - the old man did not finish. The next day in the morning I purposely came to him: “Grandfather, tell the tale!” And grandfather told me.

Due to the poverty of his parents, the boy could not attend school. Songs and fairy tales were the only light in a dark, hungry and painful life. At the age of fifteen, Philip goes to the people, later works for a merchant, takes part in an uprising, and is imprisoned (in 1903). Since 1917, he has been working at a plant in Petrozavodsk as a blacksmith, a carter, a welder, a puncher, and a watchman. To the question of the folklorist N.V. Novikov in 1937, how many fairy tales he knows, answered: “I know so much that you can’t carry it in a bag. And if you write down three fairy tales in the evening, then you sit for a month, or even more. Recorded from Gospodareva 106 fairy tales.

He successfully performed with his fairy tales in Leningrad. All fairy tales from his repertoire F.P. Gospodariov divided into four groups: fairy tales, "where everything is done by magic", fairy tales, "where everything is done by the head", fairy tales "with animals", fairy tales-"zabadushki". The first place in his repertoire is occupied by fairy tales, extremely long, in which he combines several plots. In these tales, he zealously observes traditional fairy tale beginnings, endings, formulas, triple repetitions, constant epithets, etc.

Korguev Matvei Mikhailovich(1883-1943) was born into the family of a poor Pomor in the village of Keret, Arkhangelsk province, orphaned early, went around the world, and from the age of nine he began to work: he was a shepherd, sawed firewood, served as a cook on a local merchant's ship, then became a fisherman.

In 1936 he met with the folklore collector A.N. Nechaev. The gift of words came to Korguev by inheritance: his mother and her brother knew many fairy tales and sang Karelian runes (songs). From Korguev, 115 texts were recorded, in 1939 a two-volume collection of his fairy tales was published, it included 78 fairy tales. He tells fairy tales of all kinds, up to anecdotes, he was especially successful in magical and magical-heroic ones. Telling, Korguev skillfully conveyed the experiences of the characters with his voice, gestures, facial expressions. His tales are distinguished by an abundance of details, persuasiveness, description of working conditions and life of Pomors, depiction of sea storms.

Kovalev Ivan Fyodorovich(1885-1966) - lived almost all his life in the village of Shadrin, Gorky region, not far from Lake Svetloyar, into which, according to legend, the city of Kitezh sank. As a child, he listened to the tales of his grandmother and mother - wonderful storytellers. There were no girls in the family, and the boy had to spin with his mother - for fairy tales he spun extra flax threads. Trading in simple goods, he went to many places and everywhere he listened and told fairy tales. During imperialist war in captivity in Germany listened German fairy tales and told the Russians. In his village, he entertained collective farmers with fairy tales at lunchtime and young people in the reading room.

In 1931 he met folklorists, began to come to Moscow for recording, was admitted to the Writers' Union. His largest collection was published in Moscow in 1941. Kovalev draws in detail the portraits of his heroes, the landscape. Love is a favorite theme of his fairy tales. In his fairy tales, there is an abundance of epithets, fairy-tale formulas, and the heroes tend to care for the poor and the destitute.

Skazkin Mikhail Ananievich(1883-1967) - lived in the Gorky region in the village of Klimov, was born in the village of Temta in the family of a farm laborer Anania Lebedev. When he was ten years old, he went to work in a mill. In his free time, he listened to fairy tales. The miller cruelly ridiculed the boy's passion for fairy tales. One day the boy invited the miller to listen to a fairy tale and received an answer: “Look, how you are attracted to fairy tales; What are you after this Lebedev? Skazkin you - Skazkin and be. Subsequently, this nickname took root behind Mikhail Ananyevich and replaced his former surname.

As a child, he not only listened to the tales of his fellow villagers, but also eagerly read them. His repertoire includes magical, adventurous, everyday, satirical, animal tales.

Baryshnikova-Kupriyanikha Anna Kupriyanovna(1868-1954) - Voronezh storyteller, one of the first places among Russian storytellers. She lived almost all her life in the village of Vereika, Zemlyansky district. Voronezh region. As a child, she grazed cattle, married early and, having become a widow, was left with four children. I had to work hard and even beg. Her fairy tales have been recorded since 1925. Kupriyanikha also visited Moscow, where she performed with her fairy tales. Was admitted to the Writers' Union. In her fairy tales, beginnings, endings, repetitions, details, satirical characteristics are used, rhythm and rhyme are sometimes observed. Every time she creates a fairy tale.

Korolkova Anna Nikolaevna- a native of the village of Staraya Toida, Voronezh region. Her homeland is rich in songs and fairy tales. She lived a long and difficult life. Her grandfather, orphaned at the age of six, became the guide of a blind singer, from whom he learned many songs and poems. Grandmother was famous as a storyteller and an outstanding songwriter. From the age of nine, Anyuta went to people - she nursed and rocked the children from her daughter-in-law, then she hired herself as a servant, rocked other people's children, recalled nursery rhymes and stories that she heard from her grandmother and mother. I remembered many fairy tales from the beekeeper Stepan Ivanovich Rastrygin, who lived to be 116 years old. At the age of twenty, she was given in marriage as the "tenth daughter-in-law" in big family. They lived hard, her husband worked as a groom, Anna Nikolaevna worked as a cook for a merchant. In the thirtieth year, they moved to Voronezh, where Anna Nikolaevna quickly gained fame thanks to fairy tales, songs, ditties. V. Tonkov wrote down 32 fairy tales from her, many of which were included in the book “Tales of A.N. Korolkova, and the collection Songs and Tales of the Voronezh Region. Her repertoire includes fairy tales about heroes, about Yeruslan Lazarevich, etc. The types of fairy tales told by her with humor are diverse. ( book "Russian storytellers", comp. E.V. Pomerantsev.)

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

More than one generation of people grew up on the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. From early childhood, Hans was a visionary and dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began to write poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, at the age of 14 he already played minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, it was a great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. Of his works, the most famous are Flint, Thumbelina, The Little Mermaid, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Snow Queen, The Ugly Duckling, The Princess and the Pea and many others.

Charles Perrault (1628-1703)

The French storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student in childhood. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault was afraid that the storyteller's reputation could damage his career. In 1697, his collection Tales of Mother Goose was published, which brought Perrault world fame. According to the plot of his fairy tales, famous ballets and operas were created. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in their childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb Boy, Bluebeard.

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837)

Not only the poems and poems of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse. Alexander Pushkin began to write his poems at an early age, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (a privileged educational institution), and was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. In the life of the poet, there were both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was The Tale of the Golden Cockerel. Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.

Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth to the very grave: they were connected by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in adulthood his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Grimm brothers were not only connoisseurs of German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying the memoirs of ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. Fairy tales brought world fame to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children”. The most famous are “Snow White and Scarlet”, “Straw, Coal and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)

The Russian writer and folklorist, who was the first to perform a literary adaptation of the Ural legends, left us an invaluable legacy. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from graduating from the seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, returning, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author's 60th birthday was the collection of short stories "The Malachite Box" published, which brought people's love to Bazhov. It is interesting that fairy tales are made in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each work special. The most famous fairy tales are: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “Silver Hoof”, “Malachite Box”, “Two Lizards”, “Golden Hair”, “Stone Flower”.

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England, he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. The future writer was educated, returned to India, and then went on a trip, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer-winner in his nomination. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, "The Jungle Book", the main character of which was the boy Mowgli, it is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: "The cat that walks by itself", "Where does the camel have a hump?" the leopard got his spots”, they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)

Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented person: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koningsberg when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: the older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother, Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst has always been a mischievous and dreamer, he was often called a "troublemaker." Interestingly, next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, there was a women's boarding house, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even began to dig a tunnel to get to know her. When the manhole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered to fill up the passage. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death there would be a memory of him - and it happened, his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.

Alan Milne (1882-1856)

Who among us does not know the funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? - The author of these funny tales is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was a well-educated man, then he served in the Royal Army. The first bear stories were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to educate him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages ​​and enjoy great success in many countries around the world. In addition to the stories about Winnie the Pooh, the fairy tales "Princess Nesmeyana", "An Ordinary Tale", "Prince Rabbit" and others are known.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)

Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and during the war he was a war correspondent. As a child, Alexei lived on the Sosnovka farm in the house of his stepfather (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite the fairy tale "Pinocchio" in a new way. In 1935, his book The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio was published. Alexei Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called Mermaid Tales and Magpie Tales. The most famous "adult" works are "Walking through the torments", "Aelita", "Hyperboloid of engineer Garin".

Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasiev (1826-1871)

This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who from his youth was fond of folk art and studied it. At first he worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasiev is considered one of the most prominent scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called a “folk book”, because more than one generation has grown up on them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted more than once.