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Sergei Aksakov - Russian writer, poet, critic. "The Scarlet Flower" is a fairy tale known to everyone since childhood. Aksakov's biography is studied at school in passing. This writer takes general education program very humble place. Most of his works are known only to literary critics. Who was the creator scarlet flower"? What kind works of art he wrote, in addition to the well-known fairy tale? Biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov - the topic of the article.

early years

The future writer was born at the end of the eighteenth century, in Ufa. His father was a prosecutor. Mother came from ancient noble family, whose representatives in the eighteenth century were entirely officials and people of advanced views. The biography of Sergei Aksakov began in an atmosphere of love and attention. He loved books since childhood. Sergei recited poems and recounted fairy tales, at the age of four he was already reading freely and, moreover, possessed an amazing powers of observation. In a word, he had every chance of becoming an outstanding writer later.

Gymnasium

Biography of Sergei Aksakov contains hard years illness. He was rarely separated from his mother in adolescence. At the age of nine, the boy was sent to the gymnasium, but was soon returned to his home. The fact is that the writer suffered from epilepsy since childhood. The mother did not want to be separated from her son for a long time, and Sergei's epilepsy attacks finally strengthened her in the decision to transfer him to home education.

Two years later, Aksakov nevertheless returned to the gymnasium. This institution was located in Kazan and was later reformed into a university. Here the future writer subsequently continued his studies.

Lover of literature

Sergey Aksakov began to compose in his student years. His biography testifies to the desire for writing, which manifested itself at a young age. He wrote essays and notes for the student newspaper. During his studies, he began to write poetry. Early works Aksenov were created under the influence of sentimentalist poets. The hero of today's story was barely sixteen when he joined the society of lovers of literature and took part in the organization of the student theater.

A brief biography of Aksakov is set out in this article. Those who are interested in the theme of the life and work of the Russian writer should read one of his books. Aksakov's biography is best described in the "Family Chronicle", work on which the author began at a fairly mature age.

The beginning of creativity

After graduating from university, he left for Moscow. A year later - in St. Petersburg. There, the writer Aksakov made acquaintance with famous writers and other people of art. Biography is a genre that has always interested him. That is why the writer devoted essays to many of his comrades. So, from the pen of Aksakov came out the biographies of the famous in the nineteenth century actor Yakov Shusherin and the poet Gabriel Derzhavin.

During the war years

In 1811, the writer arrived in Moscow, but a year later, for obvious reasons, he was forced to leave the capital. Sergey Aksakov spent more than fifteen years in the Orenburg province. He visited the capital only on short visits. During this period, Aksakov became seriously interested in translating classical prose. He was interested in both contemporary literature and ancient literature. Aksakov translated the tragedies of Sophocles, several works by Molière and Boileau.

Family

The wife of the writer Aksakov was Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina, the daughter of a general who served under the leadership of Suvorov. A year after the wedding, the first-born Konstantin was born. There were ten children in this marriage. Some of them followed in their father's footsteps and became prominent literary critics. Aksakov and his family lived for several years in a village near Orenburg. But he was unable to run his own business. That is why the Aksakovs moved to Moscow. Here the writer entered public service.

Back in the capital

In Moscow, Aksakov took the position of censor, but was soon dismissed. In the thirties, an event occurred that had a negative impact on the fate of the writer. An essay was published in the Moskovsky Vestnik, the content of which caused negative emotions emperor. In this regard, an investigation was carried out. They arrested the censor, who missed the feuilleton. Danger hung over the editor-in-chief of the magazine. Suddenly, the author of a dangerous essay appeared to the police. And it was none other than Sergei Aksakov. A criminal case was opened against the writer, and only acquaintances with high-ranking officials saved him from arrest.

In subsequent years, the writer experienced serious financial difficulties. He did not manage to return to service for a long time. That ill-fated feuilleton was to blame for everything. When Aksakov was reinstated as censor, new problems began.

The writer curated the Moscow Telegraph magazine and other publications. In some of them, he was listed, as they would say today, as a freelancer. In order to avoid being accused of bias, he most essays published under a pseudonym.

Theatre

In the early twenties of the nineteenth century, of course, there was such a thing as "literary criticism." As for theatrical art, there could be no question of any assessment. The actors playing on the stage of the imperial theaters were "in the service of His Majesty", and therefore their work could not be criticized.

In the mid-twenties there was some weakening of censorship, after which, in periodicals from time to time, relatively bold articles began to appear on the news in the art world. Aksakov became one of the first theater observers in Moscow. Most of his articles were still published under a pseudonym. Therefore, today it is not known exactly how many reviews and essays belong to the pen of the Russian writer.

Gogol

Aksakov dedicated one of his books to this writer. The meeting with Gogol took place in 1832. This event was a turning point in the biography of Sergei Aksakov. He admired Gogol's talent, but soon there was a discord between them. It is known that the writing of the poem " Dead Souls"led to the fact that Russian critics were divided into two camps, one of which belonged to Belinsky. The second part of this work, which did not reach today, caused a heated controversy in literary circles. Basically, Gogol's contemporaries reacted negatively to it. Perhaps this is the reason for the disagreement between the author " dead souls"and Aksakov.

When, after the death of Gogol, the hero of this article wrote about him in his autobiographical trilogy, he had to take into account censorship and the possible rejection of his contemporaries. Despite this, the book "The History of My Acquaintance with Gogol" became the most important source for biographers and a model of Russian memoir prose.

Late works of Aksakov tell about nature, hunting and fishing. The main thoughts of this writer's work are the healing power of nature, the morality of the patriarchal way of life. The writer passed away at the age of 67. In May 1859, Aksakov's biography ended in Moscow.

"The Scarlet Flower" and other works for children

Most famous books created by Aksakov for young readers:

"Childhood of Bagrov-grandson".
"Notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province".
"The Scarlet Flower"

"Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" was included in the autobiographical trilogy. This work of genre can be attributed to an educational novel. What is this book about?

The main character is a sickly and impressionable boy. The mother takes all measures in order to cure her son from a serious illness. But as the boy's health improves, so does she. Doctors suspect consumption. Sergei is sent to the family estate, where he indulges in reading with pleasure. Books are given to him by his neighbor Anichkov.

When the mother recovers, the father acquires a huge land plot near Ufa from the Bashkirs. Here Seryozha spends an unforgettable summer. Together with his relative, he hunts quails, catches butterflies.

This work, according to the author himself, is the story of his childhood. "Childhood" is devoid of fiction. They contain only real people. The author changed the names because his relatives objected to the publicity of the shadow side family life.

Other books

The article provides a description of significant periods in the work of such an outstanding prose writer as Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. A biography for children is created based on data about early period famous person. Young readers are of little interest to which of the Russian critics Aksakov made friends with, for which he almost went to prison and what position he held. As for adults, in order to learn more about the personality of the Russian classic, they should read the following autobiographical works:

"Literary and theatrical memories".
"Family Chronicle".

Other works by Aksakov: "Collecting Butterflies", "Martha and Fever", "The Sleepwalking Woman", "The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol", "New Paris".

A well-known Russian writer, was born on September 20, 1791 in the Ural city of Ufa. Aksakov was first educated at a gymnasium, and then at famous university in the city of Kazan.

His mother missed her son so much, and Sergei Timofeevich himself thought every day about home. When Aksakov studied at the gymnasium, he began to experience nervous fainting spells, since by nature he was a calm and vulnerable child, but the whole situation and longing for his mother only made his illness worse. For almost a year he lived with his grandfather, but he had to get an education, and therefore he returned to the gymnasium again. He did not like the way his teachers taught him at all. And only Kartashevskiy he treated with respect. Later, he is legally married to the sister of this teacher. But, no matter how Sergei Timofeevich criticized the training in this institution, he graduated from it perfectly, receiving commendable letters for his diligence.

As a 14-year-old teenager, the writer enters Kazan University and, in addition to listening attentively to the university's main lectures, he received education in several subjects while still at the gymnasium. During his studies, Aksakov showed great interest in theatrical art, and, as a student, organized his troupe, where he later also performed on stage.

During his studies, Sergei began to create his first works. His poems were published in the Infernal Shepherds magazine and were appreciated by readers and critics.

In 1808, the Aksakov family arrived in St. Petersburg, where Sergei Timofeevich got a job in an institution that developed laws.

But this work did not bring him satisfaction, and in 1812 he first left for Moscow, and then to the village, where he got a job in the police.

But the circumstances are such that Aksakov has undergone many changes in his personal destiny. He revised a lot in his views on creative activity, and, having forever ended his life in the countryside, Sergei Timofeevich came back to Moscow in 1826. He immediately begins working for the Moskovsky Vestnik, where he stubbornly defends his comrades from censorship. And in 1827 he became a censor, and served in this position for about 6 years.

Soon, many of his familiar friends died, and some lost their authority, and Aksakov began to communicate with members of the young student community, which included his son Konstantin.

The creative activity of Sergei Timofeevich continues to be replenished with his new works. The work "Family Chronicle", published in 1856, was a huge success.

The story "Childhood of Bagrov the grandson", published in 1858, was less popular among readers. He did not forget about the children either. The magnificent fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower" is still liked by children of different ages.

Perhaps the writer would have created even more works, but the disease associated with the eyes undermined the health of the writer. And although he was sick, Aksakov still created more and more new works. In 1859, Sergei Timofeevich dies, but his wonderful creations are of interest to modern readers.

4th grade for children, briefly

Biography of Sergei Aksakov Grade 4 about the main thing

Sergei Timofeevich was born in 1791 in Ufa. He grew up in an intelligent family, where rudeness or severity is excluded in circulation. Since childhood, he was very fond of reading books, and already at the age of 5 he retold the fairy tale "A Thousand and One Nights" in the faces. In 1799, he was sent to the Kazan gymnasium, where, from parting with his relatives, he nervous ground epilepsy developed. And his mother, unable to bear the separation, simply took him away from there. After 2 years, Aksakov returned to the gymnasium again. As a student, his first poems were already published.

In 1808 he moved to live in St. Petersburg, where he made friends with some influential and famous people, Shishkov, Derzhavin. And this friendship more than once helped him out economically. difficult times. He often translates classics from French into Russian.

In 1821 he married and they had 10 children. In 1827, Sergei Timofeevich took the place of censor in the Moscow Committee. He was involved in checking many current printed materials. This work opened many doors for Aksakov. By 1848, there were approximately 22 pseudonyms under which Sergei Timofeevich published his works. At the end of the 1820s, Aksakov played the role of a theater critic. In 1832 he met Gogol, under his influence he wrote several autobiographical memoirs dedicated to the writer.

In the end, in 1837, having resigned from his position, Aksakov went to live in a huge estate, which he inherited from his father. Suddenly, his eyesight began to fall so badly that he was forced to use the help of others to finish his robots. In these quiet domestic years, his masterpiece is born - "Notes" about fishing and hunting. The published work was a huge success with readers. Aksakov diligently used his literary talent, until his death until 1859.

briefly 4th grade for children

Interesting Facts and dates from life

Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov is a Russian writer. In addition, he was a well-known public figure. AT different periods life was engaged in theatrical and literary criticism. Read below a brief biography of Sergei Aksakov, where we have collected the main milestones of his life and work.

Aksakov's childhood

Aksakov was born on September 20, 1791 in the city of Ufa. Sergei spent his childhood with his parents in the family estate of his family. He came from a fairly old noble family. big role in early years Sergei was played by his grandfather - Stepan Mikhailovich. Grandfather dreamed of a grandson as a successor of old kind, you can say "the famous family of Shimon." Shimon is a Varangian, the nephew of the Norwegian king who came to Russia in 1027. D. Mirsky described grandfather Sergei as "an uncouth and energetic landowner-pioneer, one of the first to organize the settlement of serfs in the Bashkir steppes." At the same time, Sergei Aksakov inherited something from his father, namely the love of nature. His early passion for books is also known, at the age of 4 little Sergey already freely read.

Speaking about the biography of Sergei Aksakov, it should be noted that at the age of 8 Aksakov began his studies at the Kazan gymnasium, but the boy did not stay there for long. His mother, Maria Nikolaevna, took her son back. There were several reasons for this. Firstly, it was difficult for her to endure the separation from her son, who at such a young age was cut off from the family. Secondly, the boy began to develop epilepsy. Only after 2 years, Sergei returned to the gymnasium, where he studied until 1807. It is worth noting that in 1804 the gymnasium was transformed into the first year of Kazan University. Therefore, in 1807 Sergei graduated from the university. At that time he was 15 years old. During these years of study, Sergei Aksakov actively collaborated with the initiators of student handwritten journals. There, Sergei's first experiments in writing poetry were posted. Initially, he wrote them in a sentimental style, but later became an adherent of literary-linguistic theory.

The beginning of creativity

The biography of Sergei Aksakov is full of creative successes and undertakings. At the age of 16 (1807), Aksakov moved to Moscow, and after some time to St. Petersburg. On the next year Aksakov entered the service of a translator in the Commission for the drafting of laws. Petersburg became the first step in Aksakov's acquaintance with the literary figures of that period. He met such famous writers as Derzhavin and Shishkov. He later wrote about them biographical sketches. A few years later, Aksakov moved back to Moscow. There he met writers and writers such as Glinka, Shatrov, Pisarev and others. During patriotic war 1812 Aksakov left Moscow. During this time he was translating classical literature. He translated into Russian the tragedy of Sophocles "Philoctetes" and the comedy of Molière "School of Husbands".

In 1816 Aksakov married Olga Zaplatina. Olga at that time lived with her father in Moscow. Aksakov was captivated by Olga's beauty and kindness. Throughout their family life, Olga was an assistant and true friend to your spouse. For some time after his marriage, he tried to live in the countryside. But a few years later, Aksakov received Nadezhdino as his fiefdom. Aksakov returned to Moscow for a year. He entered the writing and literary life Moscow. But living in Moscow was expensive. Aksakov again returned to the village and lived there until 1826. After that, he returned to Moscow forever.

Creativity in the biography of Sergei Aksakov

Thanks to his acquaintance with Shishkov, Aksakov was able to get the position of censor. At that time, Shishkov was the Minister of Education. In this position, Aksakov did not work long. In 1828, a new charter for the selection of censors was approved. Now the selection of committee members was much stricter. As a result, Aksakov was dismissed from this position.

In 1830, an event occurred that was of great importance for the biography of Sergei Aksakov. The Moskovsky Vestnik newspaper anonymously published a feuilleton entitled "Minister's Recommendation". The emperor did not like this feuilleton very much, so an investigation was carried out and the censor who missed the feuilleton was taken into custody. The editor of the magazine, Pogodin, refused to reveal the name of the anonymous person. As a result, Aksakov personally came to the police and declared his authorship. A case was opened against Aksakov, and only thanks to the intercession of Aksakov's friend, Prince Shakhovsky, he was not expelled from Moscow.

Despite this history, after some time Aksakov managed to take the post of censor again. He was in charge of proofreading printed materials. Aksakov approached his work as a censor conscientiously. In 1832, Aksakov was removed from his post as censor for missing the article "The Nineteenth Century".

In 1834 the first great work Aksakov - "Buran". Friendship with his sons also influenced the work and biography of Sergei Aksakov. Aksakov's conservative ideas met with the boiling of young minds. Immediately after the appearance of "Buran" Aksakov began to write "Family Chronicle". He became more and more popular and his name enjoyed authority. This was also manifested in the fact that the Academy of Sciences elected him as a reviewer when awarding awards. In addition, he was a moral authority, including for his friends, many of whom were famous scientists.

Aksakov's father died in 1837. After his death, Sergei inherited a large estate. In the early 1940s, Aksakov's health began to deteriorate; serious problems with vision. As a result, he lost the opportunity to write on his own. Here his daughter Vera came to his aid - she wrote down the words of her father under dictation. In 1846, another book about fishing was completed. The book received a great response and was unanimously approved by critics. In 1854, her second edition appeared under the title Notes on Fishing. The success of the book about fishing prompted Aksakov to start a book about hunting. The book "Notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province" appeared in 1952. This book quickly gained popularity, its entire circulation was sold out in a short time. Gogol (read a brief biography of Nikolai Gogol) wrote to Aksakov that he would like to see the characters of the second volume of "Dead Souls" as alive as the birds from Aksakov's book. Turgenev (read a short biography of Ivan Turgenev) also left rave reviews for the book. In 1856, The Family Chronicle was published as a separate book. AT last years During his lifetime, he also wrote several works. April 30, 1859 Aksakov died of a long illness.

For my busy life Aksakov became truly famous writer. We can say that Aksakov grew up all his life, grew up with the time in which he lived. Literary biography Sergei Aksakov seems to symbolize the history of Russian literature during his career.

After reading the biography of Sergei Aksakov, you can rate this author at the top of the page.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich was born in 1791 in Ufa, and died in Moscow in 1859. This is a Russian writer public figure, official, memoirist, literary critic, as well as the author of books about hunting and fishing, collecting butterflies. He is the father of the Slavophiles, and of the writers Ivan, Konstantin and Vera Aksakov.

In this article we will consider the works of Aksakov in chronological order.

"Buran"

During the years 1820-1830 the main creative activity Sergei Timofeevich had translations, as well as literary and theatrical criticism, several poems were created. He wrote his first significant work only in 1833. It was the essay "Buran", published a year later anonymously in an almanac called "Right Hand". The basis of this work of Aksakov is real event, which the writer knew from the words of his eyewitnesses. Already this essay carried the main features of the subsequent work of the author, the main of which was an interest in reality. This work already outlines characteristic properties Aksakov's poetics, by which we recognize this author. S. Mashinsky wrote about this creation that the picture of the storm was drawn with such expressive power, conciseness of colors and courageous simplicity, as only Pushkin could write in prose until then.

After publication, the work received very high marks from various critics. Alexander Sergeevich himself appreciated Aksakov's description of the snowstorm. Later, 20 years later, Leo Tolstoy will turn to the experience of this author when creating the story "The Snowstorm".

We continue to describe the works of Aksakov. Their list will be supplemented by "Notes" about hunting and fishing. From the end of the 1830s, Aksakov's life begins new period. He, as he dreamed, left the public service, concentrating entirely on the conduct of family and economic affairs.

"Fishing Notes"

Aksakov's works undergo significant thematic changes in the 1940s. Then he set about creating family chronicle", and later, in 1845, he decided to write a book on fishing. Work on it was completed a year later, and in 1847 it was published under the title "Notes on Fishing". In form, this work is a collection of essays by a fisherman. This creation of Aksakov was met with unanimous approval.Substantially supplemented and revised edition was published in 1854 under the title "Notes on the fishing of fish", and two years later a third appeared.

"Notes of a gun hunter"

The works of Aksakov, the list of which we are compiling, will be supplemented by a book called Notes of a Rifle Hunter. In 1849, Sergei Timofeevich began work on a work about hunting. It was printed in 1852. In style, this creation resembled the previous one: its chapters were essays. This book also soon became popular, and the circulation this work was instantly sold out. And again rave reviews from various critics, including Gogol, Turgenev, Chernyshevsky.

"Family Chronicle"

In 1840, Aksakov began to create the "Family Chronicle". However, then his attention switched to the aforementioned books on hunting and fishing, and only in 1852 did work on these memoirs resume.

Separate episodes of Aksakov's work were published as they were written in periodicals. A small excerpt was already printed in 1846, and in 1854 the first episode from the Family Chronicle appeared in the Moskvityanin, followed by the fourth (in the Russkaya Conversation in 1856) and the fifth (in the Russkiy Vestnik in 1856). year). At the same time, Memories were published, which later became the third, separate book of the trilogy.

The second edition, published in 1856, included two more extracts from this work, which finally acquired its final form.

The release of "Family Chronicle" was associated with censorship friction. Aksakov also feared the reaction of his neighbors and relatives, who did not want family secrets to be made public. Therefore, the writer changed many geographical names and faces. The book acquaints the reader with a picture of the landowner life in the provinces. took important place in domestic literature, meeting with an enthusiastic reception from both critics and readers.

"Childhood of Bagrov-grandson"

This work was created in the period from 1854 to 1856. The author wanted to create a unique book for children, which should be written as if for adults, not faked for the age of the audience, with no moralizing. The birth of this work by Aksakov for children took place in 1858. The book shows transformation inner peace hero with age.

Aksakov's tales, the list of which, strictly speaking, consists of only one work, are considered by some to be numerous for some reason. This is understandable: such beautiful fairy tale could only be created by an experienced author. Aksakov was very experienced, but he worked mainly in other genres. This work was posted by the author as an appendix to the book "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson". Aksakov's works for children, as you can see, are not numerous, but very interesting and popular even today.

The idea of "The Scarlet Flower" is an artistic adaptation (not the first) of the famous story about the meeting of the beauty and the beast. It was published many times separately, becoming the most published work of Sergei Timofeevich and creating the myth of "Aksakov's fairy tale".

Other works

The work on the trilogy inspired the writer, who came up with the idea of another memoir work dedicated to the period of his life in 1820-1830. He, however, did not have time to bring it to life, but in the course of work he created whole line interesting memoirs. "Acquaintance with Derzhavin", "Biography of M.N. Zagoskin" and "Recollection of M.N. Zagoskin" appeared in 1852.

Between 1856 and 1858 the author created memoir essays, who continued the series about A. S. Shishkov, Ya. E. Shusherin and G. R. Derzhavin. This book was published in the "Russian conversation" in parts, and then, in 1858, was included in the collection called " Miscellaneous compositions S. T. Aksakov". This time, the memoirs were met without enthusiasm by critics, including N. A. Dobrolyubov. The author was accused of partiality and subjectivity in relation to his friends of youth.

Latest works

"Collecting Butterflies" is a story written in 1858 for the collection "Bratchina", a charitable publication in favor of students at Kazan University. This creation adjoins thematically to the author's university memoirs. It appeared after his death. Aksakov, 4 months before his death, dictated another work - "Essay on a Winter Day". "Meeting with the "Martinists" was the last work published during the life of Sergei Timofeevich and published in the "Russian conversation" in 1859.