Strengths and weaknesses of the image of Bazarov. Strengths and weaknesses of nihilism

You can be a good person

And think about the beauty of nails.

A. S. Pushkin

Reading the novel "Fathers and Sons", you can lump together all the nihilists present. Arcadia must be immediately removed from it, since it belongs more to the era of the “old people-Kirsanovs”. Bazarov, Sitnikov and Kukshina remain.

When talking about nihilism in general, in my opinion, it is necessary to distinguish between its two varieties. I'll start with the second. Approaching with each page to the end of the thirteenth chapter, more and more growing disgust for Kukshina and Sitnikov. Turgenev is credited, among other things, for the portrayal of these personalities. There were many such people in all critical times. Draping is enough to become a progressive. Pick up smart phrases, to distort someone else's thought - this is the lot of "new people", however, it is just as easy and profitable as under Peter it was easy and profitable to dress up as a European. At this time, nihilism is useful - please, just put on a mask.

Now from common phrases I'll go to the text. What are Kukshina and Sitnikov talking about? About nothing. She "drops" questions, he echoes her, satisfying his selfishness. Looking at the order of Avdotya Nikitishna's questions, you involuntarily think about what is going on in her skull. About the wind, which, probably, freely walks in her head and brings one thought or another, absolutely not caring about their order. However, this position of the "progressives" is the safest. If earlier Sitnikov could beat the coachmen with pleasure, now he will not do this - this is not accepted and I new person. Well anyway.

Why is Bazarov the bearer of the ideas of nihilism? A person who is able to mercilessly deny everything that is beautiful for others often develops in the gray atmosphere of everyday work. Hands, manners, and the personality itself become coarse from harsh labor. After tiring work, a simple physical rest is necessary. He forgets about the lofty and beautiful, getting used to looking at dreams as a whim. You have to think only about the essentials. Unexplained doubts, indefinite relationships seem petty, insignificant. And involuntarily, such a person gets used to looking with disgust at the pampered barchuks who think about the prosperity of society and do not lift a finger for this. The appearance of Bazarov is also connected with this. Turgenev simply took him from one of the many workshops and brought him with red hands, a sullen look and an apron straight to the reader. Nihilism was formed here "under natural conditions". He is natural.

Every philosophy has its advantages and disadvantages. Nihilism is also a philosophy that has its pros and cons. However, it should be remembered that an advantage is such only from one point of view, just as a disadvantage can turn into happiness.

One of the features of nihilism is its practicality. There is nothing superfluous in it, everything is subordinated to a single goal. To do this, a person has to shrink into a ball, remove what interferes with this. He goes to the final destination, where success always awaits him. Away all doubts, all extra thoughts! Nothing should get in the way. Two personalities live in someone - one thinks and does, the other controls it; some can't find themselves at all. The nihilist is always one in himself. He united thought and deed, an act of mind and an act of will.

This is another plus of nihilism. The intended action is always performed, and is performed with maximum effect. This not only brings us closer to the goal, but is also necessary.

Doubt always gets in the way. And with them all unnecessary thoughts and feelings. They lead the nihilist astray from the “true path”: Bazarov does not see the beauty of nature, does not feel high flight poetry. He does not hide them, feelings have firmly atrophied over time. Of course, this simplifies life and does not create unnecessary problems, but at the same time it impoverishes the soul.

Bazarov can be understood. Without this, his nihilism does not fully exist. And yet it would be better if at least some feelings were present in it. They fill a person with great energy that can be applied everywhere. Even from a practical point of view, it's better. Many scientists made their discoveries inspired by love and beauty.

Bazarov's relationship with his parents did not work out. This is also a lack of nihilism, and nothing can be done about it. What can Evgeny Vasilievich do in home? Two things: to vegetate talking about phrenology, Rademacher and other nonsense, or to experiment.

Neither one nor the other will work. In the first case, Bazarov would have to give up himself. A young, energetic man would run away from the constant chatter of his parents, so loving and so annoying. The second case won't work either. The father, trying to be closer to his son, will greatly hinder him. Be that as it may, separation and parental suffering cannot be avoided. And do not upset the father and mother with a sudden decision to leave after two days of being together soul to soul. It's better not to come at all.

The relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova, or rather, his state before and after love. Before meeting Anna Sergeevna, Evgeny Vasilievich was a normal, feeling nothing nihilist. After the quarrel, he began to treat the world differently. He began to feel. Love broke him. Nihilism is strong when a person believes only in it. You can't do it and feel it at the same time. Evidence of this is the death of Bazarov. The broken nihilist no longer exists. Let us assume that Evgeny Vasilyevich also felt love for Odintsova. In this case, there is no break, and therefore no death.

However, Bazarov is dying, which means that nihilism is dying with him. This philosophy has not passed the test - it is untenable and doomed to death. What will happen next is unknown.

Roman I.S. Turgenev tells about the events of 1857, when such a direction as nihilism began to gain momentum. The main character here is the young propagandist of this trend, Yevgeny Bazarov. With all his might, he tried to demonstrate to everyone his commitment to nihilism, but it is the disclosure of the ideas of this direction that shows all the inconsistency of the character of the hero.

Let's start with the fact that Bazarov opposed the autocratic-feudal system, considering it to be rotten and outdated for a long time.

Undoubtedly, this is the progressive role of nihilism. However, even here there is a skeleton in the closet - destroying everything old, he offers nothing in return, relying on the fact that the next generations will build, and he, in turn, only clears the field for this.

Secondly, Eugene promotes a materialistic worldview. He considers the natural sciences the main engine of progress, and therefore tries to show himself as a hardworking person: he studies frogs, reads scientific books. It is inherent in the desire to subject everything to checks, research. But this coin also has a reverse and, by the way, less pleasant side. Everything that relates to art, even to a small extent, Bazarov considers stupidity, delaying evolution.

Being not particularly familiar with Pushkin's work, Evgeny calls his works frivolous. He also characterizes Nikolai Petrovich's passion for the cello. But how can a person receive a moral education, where to express the feelings, ideas and problems of society, if not in art, which our nihilist so despises? I think that with such views there can be no talk of any progress.

Of course, the nature of the nihilist is also manifested in Bazarov's everyday behavior. This is especially evident in the Kirsanovs' estate, where Evgeny stayed. The norms of behavior were an empty phrase for him, it was more pleasant for him to deny any rules. Neglecting moral values and foundations, he was late for breakfast, did not hide his boredom at the table, greeted the relatives of his friend Arkady without respect and sharply criticized them without remorse. With women he had special treatment- disdainfully consumerist. Eugene speaks cynically about romanticism, about feelings and marriage, family, never imagining himself married. Eugene does not respect and family ties, and even to express their love or gratitude to loved ones considers it completely unacceptable. But he understands all the stupidity of his behavior only before his death, when it becomes too late to change anything.

Bazarov's nihilism is contradictory, like the whole essence of this trend. He denied everything moral values inherent in man, any manifestation of feelings, called for destruction social order, but in return did not offer anything that could be used to establish a new order, a new life. He killed the man in himself, raising the mind, but this did not make others happy, nor himself.

Strong and weak sides Bazarov

Answers:

In the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, the main character is Yevgeny Bazarov. He proudly says that he is a nihilist. The concept of nihilism means this kind of belief, which is based on the denial of everything accumulated over time. long centuries cultural and scientific experience, all traditions and ideas about social norms. History of this social movement in Russia is associated with the 60-70s. XIX century, when a turning point in traditional social views and scientific knowledge was outlined in society. The work of art describes the events taking place in 1857, shortly before the abolition of serfdom. ruling classes Russia negatively perceived nihilism, believing that it poses a danger in social and cultural terms. The author of the novel, without subjectivity, shows that Bazarov's nihilism is represented by both strengths and weaknesses. In his article “Regarding “Fathers and Sons,” Turgenev openly declares that he is not alien to the convictions of the protagonist, he accepts and shares almost all of them, with the exception of views on art.” Nihilism criticizes the rotten and obsolete autocratic-feudal system. This is his progressive role. It is no coincidence that the novel describes how neglected the entire household is on the Kirsanov estate. By this, the author points to social and economic troubles in society. The author does not like the lifestyle of the elder Kirsanov, who leads an aristocratic lifestyle. This person has no noble goal: he lives his life without creation, lives for himself, without increasing anything. Nihilist Bazarov, in a conversation with Pavel Petrovich, tells him about this, pointing to his inaction, parasitic existence. After the novel is published, Turgenev will write in one of his letters to K. K. Sluchevsky that his work is a denial nobility, as an advanced class. Bazarov considers the desire to enrich himself immoral. The hero himself shows this with his whole way of life. He considers it his duty to work unselfishly for the sake of science, thereby confirming that he is a hardworking person. He works by virtue of education and to confirm his views. With his nihilism, Bazarov asserts the supremacy of the materialistic worldview, the dominant development natural sciences. positive side This theory can be considered a fruitful desire not to trust words, faith, but to give everything to verification, research, to find the truth as a result of reflection and hard work. One cannot deny the assertion of researchers that the fight against ignorance and superstition is one of the strongest aspects of Bazarov's position. It's hard for a hero to watch downtrodden and ignorant ordinary people. He, like a democrat, angrily speaks of the meekness and long-suffering of the peasant, believing that the main task is to help awaken the self-consciousness of a simple Russian person. You can’t call this position weak either. Weak in Bazarov’s nihilistic theory are his aesthetic views. The hero renounces such concepts as "art", "love", "nature". Based on his theory, you need to be a consumer natural resources. According to him, nature is just a workshop, not a temple. Bazarov caustically criticizes Nikolai Petrovich's predilection for playing the cello. And the author is pleased with the sounds of lovely music, he calls it "sweet". In the lines of the novel, the charm of the beauty of Russian nature also sounds. Everything attracts him: an aspen forest in the rays of the setting sun, a motionless field, a sky in pale blue tones. Bazarov and Pushkin's work succumb to mockery, criticizing poetry and skeptically evaluating what he does not understand thoroughly. In the conversation, it turns out that Pushkin, according to the hero, was a military man. According to the ardent nihilist, books should be of practical use. He considers the classes of a chemist useful and necessary in comparison with the activities of poets. Bazarov's words confirm that this person does not have elementary representation about culture and traditional norms of behavior, so his behavior looks defiant. This is manifested in its entirety in the Kirsanovs' estate. The hero does not follow the rules at a party, arrives late for breakfast, casually greets, quickly drinks tea, continuing to yawn, not hiding boredom, neglect of the owners of the house, sharply criticizes them. The author does not support his hero in violation of the norms public behavior. The vulgar materialism of Bazarov, which reduces everything to sensations, is alien to him. The hero is guided by these views in scientific activity. For him, people have no differences, they remind him of birches. By this he denies mental features human personality and manifestations of higher nervous activity. The nihilist amazes with his cynical and consumerist views on women. Preparing for a trip to Odintsova, he calls her in a conversation with Arkady, "quick". Bazarov himself thinks so, and, in addition, he imposes these thoughts on his friend, pointing him to the goal - the "sense" in the relationship. Romanticism and those who respect women and know how to care for them are alien to him.

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Strengths and weaknesses of nihilism

You can be a good person

And think about the beauty of nails.

A. S. Pushkin

When talking about nihilism in general, in my opinion, it is necessary to distinguish between its two varieties. I'll start with the second. Approaching with each page to the end of the thirteenth chapter, more and more growing disgust for Kukshina and Sitnikov. Turgenev is credited, among other things, for the portrayal of these personalities. There were many such people in all critical times. Draping is enough to become a progressive. Picking up clever phrases, distorting someone else's thought - this is the lot of "new people", however, it is just as easy and profitable as under Peter it was easy and profitable to dress up as a European. At this time, nihilism is useful - please, just put on a mask.

Now from the general phrases I will pass to the text. What are Kukshina and Sitnikov talking about? About nothing. She "drops" questions, he echoes her, satisfying his selfishness. Looking at the order of Avdotya Nikitishna's questions, you involuntarily think about what is going on in her skull. About the wind, which, probably, freely walks in her head and brings one thought or another, absolutely not caring about their order. However, this position of the "progressives" is the safest. If earlier Sitnikov could beat the coachmen with pleasure, now he will not do this - this is not accepted and I am a new person. Well anyway.

One of the features of nihilism is its practicality. There is nothing superfluous in it, everything is subordinated to a single goal. To do this, a person has to shrink into a ball, remove what interferes with this. He goes to the final destination, where success always awaits him. Away with all doubts, all unnecessary thoughts! Nothing should get in the way. Two personalities live in someone - one thinks and does, the other controls it; some can't find themselves at all. The nihilist is always one in himself. He united thought and deed, an act of mind and an act of will.

This is another plus of nihilism. The intended action is always performed, and is performed with maximum effect. This not only brings us closer to the goal, but is also necessary.

Doubt always gets in the way. And with them all unnecessary thoughts and feelings. They lead the nihilist astray from the "true path": Bazarov does not see the beauty of nature, does not feel the lofty flight of poetry. He does not hide them, feelings have firmly atrophied over time. Of course, this simplifies life and does not create unnecessary problems, but at the same time it impoverishes the soul.

Bazarov's relationship with his parents did not work out. This is also a lack of nihilism, and nothing can be done about it. What can Evgeny Vasilyevich do in his own home? Two things: to vegetate talking about phrenology, Rademacher and other nonsense, or to experiment.

However, Bazarov is dying, which means that nihilism is dying with him. This philosophy has not passed the test - it is untenable and doomed to death. What will happen next is unknown.