Requirements for liquefied petroleum gas. Successes of modern natural science

This information followed after sensational announcements about the introduction of a new currency in the United States - "amero". Were Ukrainians' dollar savings crying?

"Old duck" or incredible truth?

Earlier, information appeared in the world media that the US authorities, in order to radically improve their financial and credit system and prevent its destruction, intend to create the so-called North American Union with a common currency "amero", reports "Financial zahyst".

According to FinZakh, the introduction of the new currency "amero" has been discussed for more than five years. The first "topic was raised" by New Jersey journalist Harold Turner. "Oil to the fire" at the beginning current year On the air of a TV show, Larry King was "poured" by former Mexican President Vincente Fox, who made a sensational statement that the United States was developing a plan to create a new regional currency.

According to the concept, "amero" will be officially introduced first in the countries North America(USA, Canada, Mexico). In case of successful implementation, the circulation zone of the new currency can be expanded to South America. This project is a step towards expanding economic interaction between North and South America, said the ex-president.

Information about the replacement of the dollar would look fantastic or it could be considered an unsuccessful joke, if not for several facts confirming the possibility of introducing a new currency. Yes, February 18. When asked by American journalist Orwell Viktoroff to one of the directors of the Wells Fargo Bank when to expect an exchange for a new currency, she calmly replied: "From January 1st, 2010."

In addition, experts advise thinking about macro indicators financial system and the US economy in general. So, according to official data, today the state's federal debt exceeds $9 trillion, and the amount needed to service and repay it is $54 trillion. Thus, the US Federal Reserve money press works on full power. For three months since the beginning of the year, the issue of the dollar has increased 4 times. Accordingly, the price of the dollar itself fell. However, even such a record speed can barely keep up with the rapidly growing debt rates, and the dollar may “fall short” until the end of 2009.

It should be remembered that this currency is not backed by anything - neither the zloty, nor any assets, that is, the value of the dollar itself is all just the cost of paper and the work to produce it. This is openly spoken in the US government.

In addition, the logic of the American authorities to protect their national currency is not entirely clear. If we step aside from all the “facts that have been thrown out to the press” and assume that all the information about the new currency is not true, then where is the “defensive reaction” of the United States to misleading the American and world public? One gets the impression that the US authorities are deliberately "accustoming" the world to a new word and a new currency - "amero".

Their actions are not even very painful for the journalist who was the first to publish information about the “amero”. Thus, Harold Turner writes: “In October 2008, I received information that the US government had sent 800 billion Ameros to the China Development Bank. I wrote a story about it and got a real amero coin from that party!

I posted a video of the coin on YouTube, showing the coin and explaining that it was a planned action that originated in the most high levels our government in order to deliberately withdraw from the circulation of the dollar as a currency. Over 600,000 people around the world have watched this video. Two days ago YouTube/Google notified me that my video was taken down and my account was permanently closed at the request of the United States Department of the Treasury. The Treasury Department told YouTube/Google that my video "destabilized the US dollar and was thus a threat to national security."

Agree that the "light censure" from the US Treasury and the removal of the journalist's account on YouTube cannot be considered sufficient and effective protective actions of the government in relation to the national currency.

"Persian conspiracy"

Yesterday the world was shocked and one more piece of information on this topic. According to the Associated Press, in Tuesday afternoon trading, the dollar against the yen fell to a record low of 87.11 yen, while the euro against the dollar, in turn, exceeded a two-year high of 1.4842 dollars. The reason for the massive desire of the players to get rid of the American currency was an article published on Tuesday in the Independent about the possible refusal of a number of countries from the US dollar as an international means of payment for buying and selling oil.

According to the newspaper, in secret talks held at the level of finance ministers and heads of central banks, the possibility of introducing a new currency basket for energy payments, which will consist of gold, yen, yuan, euro and the new common currency of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, was discussed.

In its article, the Independent cites banking sources in Hong Kong and Persian Gulf. In turn, representatives of the countries, according to the newspaper, taking part in the "secret collusion", refused to comment on the information or said that they did not know anything about the ongoing negotiations. For example, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, who took part in the events of the annual session of the IMF and World Bank in Istanbul, declined to comment on the issue.

In turn, Kudrin's deputy Dmitry Pankin told reporters that no such talks had been held through the Ministry of Finance. “We did not discuss this topic from the side of the Ministry of Finance,” the deputy minister said. “At our level, no. We don't even dream about it," the minister said in particular. oil industry Sheikh Ahmed Al Abdullah Al Sabah of Kuwait.

Also, China's former special envoy to the Middle East, Sun Bigan, warned the newspaper that there is a serious risk of deepening tensions between China and the United States over influence over the Middle East's energy resource base.

What to expect and what to do?

If all the "excavations" of journalists turn out to be true, then for the sake of its own salvation, America, indeed, can take another inadequate step - to replace the dollar with "amero". There is also alternative point view of leading US economists who are confident that (under certain circumstances) the dollar will still survive.

Thus, economist Mikhail Khazin (Russia) and David Walker, the former chief financial controller of the United States, agreed that the dollar will survive if “additional financial resources” are found. Many things can be understood under this term: both military conflicts that the Americans will definitely unleash so that the United States gets access to, say, oil wells (here it is just appropriate to recall the “military friction” with Iran), and financial world wars, and the sale of state assets etc.

In addition, economists believe that the economies of more than half of the countries depend on the dollar. Bankruptcy of the world economic leader, whose GDP accounts for 69% of the global economy, will cause the most crushing blow on the economic stability of the planet in the entire history of the existence of modern civilization. Restructuring under the "new format", especially during the crisis, will have an extremely negative impact on the economy of all dollar-dependent states, so the pool of these countries will do its best to preserve the world currency.

Especially stubbornly, economists believe, China will insist on this - a country whose investments in foreign exchange reserves (in particular, in the US dollar) are the largest in the world. However, here it is worth recalling the not accidental remark of Harold Turner about the transfer of 800 billion amero to the China Development Bank.

It turns out that if agreements with the “major US investors” have already been reached, then the theory of economists may not be confirmed and the evergreen currency really is waiting for “liquidation”? Then the question follows: how will this affect the global economy and, in particular, what can Ukraine expect? First, it is worth waiting for the depreciation of the dollar to the level of the value of the paper. And then all the consequences that such a process brings with it: the depreciation of bank deposits, the shortage of food and fuel (until new system settlements for them with importers), etc.

At the same time, run headlong and change the dollar for a more stable currency - for example, the euro is not worth it. As Deputy Minister of Finance Oleksandr Savchenko noted in a comment to FinZakh, one of the factors that shape the hryvnia exchange rate against the dollar today is “ social Psychology". So, with any instability, Ukrainians tend to take their savings from banks - this is our people's system for protecting their savings, which has developed over the past 20 years due to the fact that the people were constantly deceived by the state and other MMMs. Excessive excitement, as the expert notes, is capable of destabilizing the exchange rate situation, and this already threatens with the problems that were observed in Ukraine in the first half of this year - “exchange rate swings” and, as a result, an increase in prices for everything.

To preserve savings, economists advise to transfer funds to other currencies, but gradually, or even invest in gold, which only rose in price during the crisis. As Oleg Sheiko, the managing director of the London-based company Metals Solutions Limited (part of the conditional group"Privat") and a former top manager of one of the largest Russian investment groups Troika Dialog: "You should not invest in real estate, Ukrainian stocks, bonds, hryvnias. But investments in gold and diamonds will surely warm the souls of our wives and girlfriends, which is important in a crisis!”.

You met the crisis fully armed: your personal "airbag" - dollars - is stored in a safe safe. What could be more reliable than a currency that has been dictating its rules to the whole world since 1786? But, waking up one beautiful morning, you suddenly find out: but the dollar is NOT! Instead, the Americans introduced new money - amero. Here you are, grandmother, and St. George's Day ... What happens? Will the Russians, who firmly believe in the American currency, have converted their savings into it for years, will they be left with green candy wrappers?

Birth of hearing

Talk about Amero did not arise today and not from scratch. During the summit of Presidents George W. Bush (USA), Vicente Fox (Mexico) and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin in Texas in 2005, the idea of ​​creating a North American Union was born, which became the main result of the summit.

In a statement issued following the meeting, the leaders of the United States, Mexico and Canada announced the first stage of the formation of the alliance - the "Partnership for the Security and Prosperity of North America." Two years later, the leaders of the United States, Canada, and Mexico met in Quebec, Canada, where they again discussed the idea of ​​"continental integration."

This is, in fact, an analogue of the European Union, which means not only common boundaries but also a common currency. The expected date for the creation of the union was also named - 2010. Further. Vicente Fox, no longer the President of Mexico, appeared on the air of America's most popular program - The Larry King Show. A certain Mrs. Gonzalez from New Jersey asked about his "relation to the unification of America through a single currency."

Fox responded evasively: "It's a long-term perspective...". He was even more evasive when answering a question from Larry King: “Do you mean to say that we are talking about something like the euro? “... I think the processes are underway, the first step will be an agreement on trade issues,” the ex-president said.

All these omissions and meager information, perhaps, would have passed by the attention of the public, if reporter Harold Turner had not raised a fuss, pulling out more than one sensation, impartial to the American government.

On the pages of his website, Turner publicized the plans of the governments of the United States, Mexico and Canada to create a new superpower. According to him, a secret agreement on the speedy merger of the three states into the North American Union has already been adopted, and the introduction of a common currency is a matter of the near future. Already being done practical steps in this direction.

In support of his words, he posted on the site pictures of amero coins, allegedly minted by the US Treasury and received by him from an employee of the Treasury. “This is a real real metal coin minted by the US Mint in Denver, Colorado. Proof of this is the letter D engraved on the lower right side. reverse side coins,” Turner said.

The publication did not go unnoticed: the journalist was called a liar, it was argued that the coins were just the product of the famous designer's fiction. But, curiously, the Denver Mint, which was always freely visited by tourists, was immediately closed after Turner's speech. Turner continues to appeal to the civic consciousness of Americans: “Not a single citizen of the United States was asked if he wanted a new currency. No member of Congress voted in favor of the new currency. We risk losing our life savings. And when they confront us with a fact, it will be too late to protest.”

Conspiracy theory

Russian Internet users about such monetary unit like amero, learned from american documentary film Zeitgeist, which came out in 2007 and suddenly became more popular in Russia than in the US. The anonymous authors of the film (by the way, this anonymity gives the Zeitgeist additional intrigue) prove: “Behind every throne there is something more than a king.”

And behind the American throne are specifically people with big money. It was the bankers, the authors of the film claim, who organized wars and economic crises, enthroned presidents. Conclusion: crises, including today's, do not arise because somewhere, someone made economic mistakes.

No, crises arise as a result of a conscious collusion of people who actually rule the world. These are American bankers and politicians subordinate to them. Nikolai Zlobin, director of Russian and Asian programs at the Washington Institute for World Security, professor, believes that the film should not be taken seriously: - Americans love conspiracy theories. This brings an element of adventurism into their boring life.

They have a popular idea that Elvis Presley is alive. That Hitler fled to the USA. That Gorbachev was brought to the USSR from America. I can hardly imagine that the bankers could agree on something among themselves. If there really was anything resembling a conspiracy, sly American journalists would jump in and pull out the whole truth.

It is impossible to hide anything in the USA - not Monica, not Bush's drunkenness, not a conspiracy. Conspiracy theories can be treated in different ways. The film is convincing in its own way, Professor Zlobin in its own way. But here's what's interesting: the term "amero" was introduced in official address Robert Pastor, one of the leaders of the Council for international relations. This is the most powerful lobbying structure in the US.

For more than sixty years, the Council has been living on the funds of various banks and corporations and lobbying their interests, promoting to power those people in whom sponsors are interested. The list of Council leaders includes Madeleine Albright and Colin Powell. I don’t know about you, reader, but I am very suspicious that the term “amero” came out of the bowels of this particular organization.

We are friends against the dollar

The discussion around the Amero also spread to the Russian press. Last year, the weekly "AiF" reported that in 2009 the authorities of the United States, Canada and Mexico may establish a new currency. Allegedly to get out of the financial crisis, the US will ruthlessly discard the losing dollar.

N. Kazantsev, a professor at MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, expressed his opinion about the prospects for the emergence of a new currency in AiF: “The introduction of a new currency in addition to the dollar will not pose any particular problems for the United States. The financial system of this country is not at all single-currency, as a Russian dollar holder might believe.

In addition to the Federal Reserve Note, which is common around the world, other money circulates in the United States, for example, US banknotes. These are legal tender, but exclusively for domestic circulation. Besides, most of business transactions in the United States are carried out using bank checks. Therefore, the circulation of money here is of secondary importance in comparison with bank deposits on demand. The introduction of the new currency will not entail significant changes for American citizens. But foreign holders of dollars will have such problems.

Not only China, but all other countries will have difficult negotiations with the US. Americans will not fail to take full advantage of their position and will dictate the exchange rate.

Some countries, while still using the dollar as the basic unit of exchange, are considering, before it's too late, to start making friends against the dollar. For example, the leaders of Iran and Venezuela are determined to stop paying for oil in dollars in order to provide their countries with economic security and independence from the United States. Russia and China are going to oust the US currency by expanding the zone of application for payments in rubles and yuan.

Deputy Prime Minister Igor Sechin said in a statement: "The transition in bilateral trade to national currencies is economically beneficial, and there are many trade and financial partners in the two countries who want to abandon the use of the dollar in mutual settlements."

Dollar: easier to kill

About the near “death” of the dollar, they have been talking for more than a year. The financier George Soros' statement about the "beginning of the end of the dollar" has become widely publicized: "From the end of World War II until now, we have been in a sort of 'superbubble' characterized by credit expansion based on the dollar as the international reserve currency. The current crisis marks the end of that era.”

Despite the absence of official statements about the switch from the dollar to the amero, some analysts discuss this change as real fact. Steve Previs, vice president of the London-based investment firm, said in a television interview: “The transition from the dollar to the amero, the future currency of the North American continent, will have a huge impact on the lives of people in Canada, the United States and Mexico."

According to him, "it's only a matter of time." Financial journalist James Moore in his article "Goodbye Dollar, Long Live Amero!" (American Daily, 2007) writes: “China, the second largest country in the world in terms of economic power, will contribute to the creation of the North American Union. How? The billions of dollars invested by China in the weakening US economy will instantly depreciate. The Celestial Empire will have to enter into negotiations on the exchange rate of its currency for the amero.

The main sign of the reality of the formation of this alliance is the depreciation of the US dollar, which opens up wide opportunities for the debut of amero. Really, how much is a dollar worth?

Until 1971, it was backed by gold. But recent years thirty dollar seems to be backed only by American military power… Now, according to experts, less than 4% of the dollar money supply is secured by US gold and foreign exchange reserves. The remaining 96% - honestly the government or dubious assets of financial and IT corporations, which simply deflated due to the crisis.

With an external debt of $13 trillion, the US government distributes money with unparalleled ease. Half a billion to save one bank, half a billion - for another ... Let's ask a purely theoretical question: can a financial pyramid collapse, in which only 4% of funds are backed by gold? Maybe. Then the introduction of amero is a real way out of difficult situation, extremely beneficial to the American elite. Another thing is that with this the United States endangers the whole world. But when did America care about the interests of other countries?

Russia and China will have the hardest time, since these countries are the main holders of dollars. A significant part of Russian foreign exchange reserves is stored in this currency. In the Reserve Fund of the Russian Federation, in the National Wealth Fund, under the pillow of the Russians ...

According to the Central Bank, only in December last year, the population purchased more than 250 million dollars in cash, mothballing them as savings. In addition, it is the dollar that is the settlement currency for the energy resources that Russia sells to Europe.

Politician Aleksey Mitrofanov spoke in the Russian press about the amero with his characteristic frankness: “Amero instead of the dollar is bullshit. Why create a new currency if America's main income is the dollar? They keep the world to them. Any Negro in Africa accepts not the ruble and not the yuan, but the dollar. Like any product, a new currency needs to be promoted for decades. The dollar is the foundation of America's power, and it will not undermine it. America is a pragmatic country.

Perhaps the amero project is just a provocation from which America will certainly benefit. Of course, the dollar is not forever. Someday he will leave. But as long as oil and gas are sold for dollars, it is unprofitable for America to destroy it.

Forecasts and versions

So what is amero? Plans for the distant future? Someone's fantasy? Nothing confirmed newspaper "duck"? On the one hand, there is no more or less reliable evidence of the forthcoming monetary reform. Only circumstantial evidence. On the other hand, there have been more than enough denials, and this is a bad sign - there is no smoke without fire.

How can events develop? The crisis puts the US in the face of real, not staged bankruptcy. External debt exceeds... let's not speculate about the amount, the already "National Debt Counter" installed in New York is off scale because of the number of zeros.

Suppose it will be 15 trillion, especially since this figure is already close. The printing press runs non-stop, the dollar eventually devalues ​​to the level of toilet paper. Having shown the people the prospect of a real economic catastrophe, the authorities will offer a solution - the merger of the three countries into one as "the only possible way avoid losing everything American citizens have.”

The President of the United States announces a default and the creation of a new American currency, common for the entire continent. The rules of the exchange will be rigid, the exchange itself will be fleeting. Residents of the United States, Canada and Mexico will certainly receive certain privileges. The rest of the countries will be left with... With what? The question is interesting.

Experts are considering two versions of a possible development of events. The first of them is still a conspiracy of governments. The crisis is just a call (I wonder if it's the second or the third?) before the new pan-American currency enters the stage. Amero will be introduced on the bones of the global financial system: by saving its economy, the US is "ruining" the whole world, which is closely tied to the US dollar.

The second version: the dollar will be stubbornly saved, but they will not be able to save it. In this case, we will see his slow and painful death. Then the idea of ​​creating a pan-American currency will enter the empty playing field on a white horse - it will have no one to compete with.

Project Amero can be compared to a weapon of mass destruction. More precisely, the economic destruction of the planet. Perhaps the reality of these plans is no higher than the reality of having weapons mass destruction in Iraq. As you know, no weapons were found there. But the war did start.

Marina SALNIKOVA (2009)