Astronomy lesson "Starry sky". starry sky

You can learn a lot of interesting things if you watch the starry sky. On the this lesson we will talk with you about the stars and constellations, look at the sky map and get to know some of the constellations closer. In addition, we will learn with you what the zodiac is.

Subject: Nature

Lesson: starry sky

The science that studies the stars is called astronomy(from the Greek aster - "star"). To observe the stars, a special device was invented - telescope.

Telescope is a Greek word meaning "I can see far away". With their help, astronomers at special stations, observatories, observe and study the starry sky. Stars- These are huge hot luminous balls. The closest star to Earth is the Sun.

The sun is much bigger the globe. If we imagine the Earth as a grain of millet, then the Sun will be the size of a large watermelon.

When the Sun shines dazzlingly in the sky, we do not see other stars, because they do not shine as brightly as the Sun.

Remember that you can not look at the Sun even with dark glasses, it shines so brightly that you can ruin your eyesight.

Huge, compared to the Earth, the Sun in the sky seems quite small. This is because it is very far from the Earth, and all the other stars are even further away, so they seem quite small.

Rice. 4. Map of the starry sky ()

A long time ago, people, looking at the starry sky, noticed that some clusters of stars resemble the figures of people, mythical heroes, animals, objects, and astronomers called such clusters of stars constellations.

Rice. 7. Constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor ()

constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor are well known to everyone because they are visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere all year round. But you and I live just in the northern hemisphere, remember?

At the end of the dipper of Ursa Minor is polar Star. If you face it, then in this way determine the direction to the North Pole of the Earth.

Knowing the constellations is the ABC of astronomy, but not only astronomers need it. Pilots, sailors, tourists, travelers, scouts often navigate by the stars.

Astronomers have counted 88 constellations. Each of them has its own history, and sometimes legend. We will get to know some of them.

The constellation Cassiopeia can be found in the sky at any time of the year. Its main stars form an extended letter M. In spring and summer, this letter is turned upside down as in the figure. This constellation was named after the queen Cassiopeia, the heroine of ancient Greek myths.

The constellation Orion is clearly visible in winter. It is very beautiful. And it is named after a hunter from ancient Greek myths. The belt of this hunter is formed by 3 stars located nearby. They are called so - Orion's Belt.

Rice. 10. Swan

The constellation Cygnus can be seen in summer and autumn. It resembles a swan with widely spread wings, flying down to the ground. The tail of the Cygnus is marked by a particularly bright star, one of the brightest in the sky.

If the stars were visible during the day, then we would notice that during the year the sun visits each constellation. It visits each constellation for about a month.

This is the belt of constellations along which the Sun moves throughout the year. The zodiac belt is divided into 12 constellations. The journey through the zodiac begins with the constellation Aries. Then come the constellations Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces.

Astrologers, observing the movement of the planets, believe that the planets affect the character of a person born under a certain sign of the zodiac. Also, astrologers make forecasts, or horoscopes, for each sign of the zodiac.

1. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us: textbook. and slave. tetra. for grade 2 early school - M .: Education, 2006.
2. Bursky O.V., Vakhrushev A.A., Rautian A.S. The world around.- Balass.
3. Vinogradova N.F. The world around us.- VENTANA-GRAF.

1. Astrogalaxy ().
2. Astronomical site "Galaxy" ().
3. meteoweb.ru ().

1. with. 30-33, textbook Pleshakov A.A. The world around us.
2. with. 15 work notebook to the textbook Pleshakov A.A. The world around us.
3. Look at the starry sky near your house and find Ursa Minor and Ursa Major on it. What other familiar constellations can you see?

a common part
Thing		Class		Lesson topic
astronomy				"Stars and constellations. Star Maps»
Used textbook
Name					Class
Astronomy							B.A.Vorontsov - Velyaminov, E.K.Straut
Planned educational outcomes
subject				Metasubject				Personal
understands what astronomical concepts will be discussed in the lesson (highlights astronomical concepts from artwork); use the star map to find constellations and stars in the sky;formulate astronomical concepts studied in the lesson; evaluate the results of achieving the set goal in educational activities.				Formulation of the topic and purpose of the lesson, expands his point of view; formulates own tasks of educational activity, carries out information search; expand your own point of view; the ability to exercise cognitive reflection.				cognitive interest, self-education; the ability to self-esteem; show respect for your classmates; make a choice.
TCO (equipment)					ICT tools (EFS, programs, applications, Internet resources)
Computer, projector, screen or interactive board, students - personal means of access to the Internet (tablets, smartphones, phones).					http://www.sai.msu.su/EAAS/Universe_and_us/1num/v1pap20.htm- dictionary of astronomical terms; http://www.astronet.ru/db/map/?mode_glob - a map of the starry sky (you can change the place of the observer); – an interactive model of the starry sky map;
Organizational structure of the lesson
Lesson stage	Educational tasks (planned results)		Resources used, incl. EFU (for EFU, specify the names of specific objects and the page)			Teacher activity			Student activities	duration stages (min)
Organizational	Creation of conditions for educational activities.					Creating a psychological microclimate, attracting the attention of students.			Self-organization on learning activities.
Motivational	Meta-subject results: formulation of the topic and purpose of the lesson, expands his point of view. Subject results: understands what astronomical concepts will be considered in the lesson (selects astronomical concepts from a work of art).		Presentation. Slide #2			Reads the verse "Zodiac" and asks questions: "About what this poem?”, “What new concepts did you hear while reading the poem?” “What is the theme and purpose of our lesson?” Application No. 1			I listen to the verse, distinguish concepts: constellation, zodiac belt, star; formulate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Primary assimilation of new knowledge.	Meta-subject results: formulates own tasks of educational activity, carries out information search. Personal results: cognitive interest, self-education. Subject Results: formulate astronomical concepts studied in the lesson.		Study the EFU material pp. 21,22,217; Handout applications No. 2,; http://www.sai.msu.su/EAAS/Universe_and_us/1num/v1pap20.htm- dictionary of astronomical terms			Helps organize learning activities in groups. Supervises student activities.			Selects and completes a task. Application No. 3.
Initial check of understanding educational material.	Meta-subject results: expand your own point of view. Personal results: cognitive interest.		Presentation. Slide number 4. http://www.astronet.ru/db/map/?mode_glob - a map of the starry sky (you can change the position of the observer on Earth); file:///G:/physics%202017-18%20%201%20quarter/2017-2018/lessons/astronomy/map%20starry%20sky%20mobile.swf Or a moving map of the starry sky.			Sets correct and awareness of assimilation of new educational material; reveals gaps and misconceptions. Helps to draw correct generalizing conclusions.			Report the results of the group's work. They fix their own shortcomings of educational activities when looking for answers to questions.
Primary fastening.	Meta-subject results: formulation of one's own task in educational activities. Personal results: cognitive interest. Subject Results:use the star map to find the constellations and stars in the sky.		file:///G:/physics%202017-18%20%201%20quarter/2017-2018/lessons/astronomy/map%20starry%20sky%20mobile.swf- an interactive model of the starry sky map. Or a movable star chart			Organizes activities for the application of new knowledge, evaluates the work of all students.			Carry out educational activities with interactive map of the starry sky or with a moving map of the starry sky. Use instructions and tasks (Appendix No. 4).
Reflection.	Metasubject results: the ability to exercise cognitive reflection. Personal results: the ability to self-esteem.		Presentation, slide number 5			Conducts reflection.			Carry out self-assessment. Use sweet presentation.
Summary of the lesson.	Meta-subject results: express your point of view in detail. Personal Outcomes: Show respect for your classmates. Subject Results: evaluate the results of achieving the set goal in educational activities.		Presentation, slide number 6			Helps to formulate the results of the lesson using a presentation slide.			Answer the questions on the slide.
Homework.	Meta-subject results: find ways to solve the problem, carry out information retrieval. Personal outcomes: make choices.		Presentation, slide number 7			Comment on the content of the homework.			Write down homework.

Application No. 1

Zodiac
(1961 Valishin Yu.I.)

Looking at the zodiac belt

We will see Cancer in January,
And in February we will notice Leo.
His keeper was
In cold March, the evil Virgin,
Leo's neighbor in the sky on the left.
I bought myself a scale in April,
They wanted to live in peace
But in March, the terrible Scorpio
They were deprived of rest and sleep.
He was killed by the beautiful Sagittarius,
June's father's unfortunate son,
In July, brother Capricorn
The dream of the Lion and the Virgin saved,
And in August for many days
Uncle Aquarius has arrived.
From Pisces ear it is in September
Cooked and ate in the yard,
Roasted Aries in October
Taurus slaughtered in November
And finally in December
A pair of twins was born.

Application №2

On a cloudless and moonless night, a majestic picture of the starry sky opens up. A scattering of stars - which seems impossible to understand.

STARRY SKY - the apparent arrangement of stars and other celestial bodies in the firmament. Thousands of years ago, people looked at the sky, counted the stars and mentally connected them into various figures (constellations), naming them after the characters of ancient myths and legends, animals and objects.

At different peoples there were their own myths and legends about the constellations, their names, their different number. The divisions were purely arbitrary, the drawings of the constellation rarely corresponded to the named figure, but this greatly facilitated orientation in the sky. Even barefoot boys in ancient Chaldea or Sumer knew the skies better than any of us. AT general case you can count up to 2500-3000 stars in the sky (depending on your vision) - and in total visible stars about 6000.

So, among different peoples and in different time was different principle division.

So:

4th century BC there was a list of 809 stars included in 122 constellations.

18 century - Mongolia - there were 237 constellations.

2nd century - Ptolemy ("Almagest") - 48 constellations are described.

15th-16th century - great period sea ​​voyages- 48 constellations of the southern sky are described.

The Russian Star Atlas of Cornelius Reissig, published in 1829, contained 102 constellations.

Many star charts (atlases) of the 17th-19th centuries contained the names of constellations and drawings of figures. But only one star atlas of Jan Haveliy (1611-1687, Poland) took root, published in 1690 and having not only the exact location of the stars and for the first time equatorial coordinates, but also beautiful drawings (front cover and title page).

The constellation confusion ended in 1922. The International Astronomical Union divided the entire sky into 88 constellations, and the boundaries were finally set in 1928 (Orion is an example).

Constellations - a region of the sky with a characteristic group of stars and all the stars located within its borders. The neighborhood of stars, apparent, in the projection on celestial sphere. The brightest stars are proper names(more than 300 stars have names, most are Arabic).

Among the "star teams" 13 constellations of the Zodiac were highlighted. Zodiac constellations, zodiac, zodiac circle (from Greek ζωδιακός, "animal"). Indeed, most of them are celestial animals, a few people and one object - scales.

It is believed that there are 12 signs of the Zodiac. The constellation Ophiuchus is the 13th, secret. It is superimposed on two neighboring signs - Scorpio and Sagittarius. Some people think that 13 is an unlucky number, others think otherwise. But everyone agrees that 12 is a magic number. There are 12 months in a year. During this time, the Moon goes through a complete change 12 times - from new moon to full moon. We call the young Moon the Moon. Therefore, the time of one cycle of changes in the phases of the night star (it lasts from 28 to 31 days) is also called a month. In order to make full turn around the center of our galaxy Milky Way The earth needs millions of years. During the movement of our planet in outer space, the point of observation of the starry sky also shifts. About 100,000 years ago, the constellation Ursa Major looked completely different.

Application No. 3.

1 . Define the concepts: star, constellation, star atlas.

2. For what purpose and according to what principle in ancient times did the stars unite into constellations? What are the specifics modern map starry sky and star atlases of antiquity?

3. What is the reason and what are the features of the change in the appearance of the starry sky during the day?

4. What is the principle of constructing a map of the starry sky?

5. Consider a map of the starry sky. How are the boundaries of constellations, individual stars depicted on it? Why are some stars connected by solid lines?

6. Having studied the names of the constellations presented on the star charts, as well as getting acquainted with own names some stars (see appendix III of the textbook), draw a conclusion about the reasons that led to their appearance.

Application No. 4.

Everyone has a PKZN on their desk. Consider the principle of its work. On the outer edge of the map there are sectors with the names of months, they are adjacent to a scale with numbers indicating dates. A clock is applied on the outer edge of the overlaid circle. Place the circle on the map so that the 5 o'clock mark on the circle coincides with the date September 20 on the map. The part of the sky that you see in the "window" is what you can observe above the horizon on September 20 at 5 o'clock at latitude Omsk region. Edge of the "window" 54 0 on the overlay circle is the horizon line for the latitude of the Omsk region. The cardinal points are marked here. Objects in the east rise; in the west they come in.

Exercise 1. Find the constellations located between north and south on October 10 at 21 o'clock.

Task 2.

Druzhnyaeva L.G. "Gymnasium No. 69 named after I.M. Cheredov" Omsk 2018 astronomy lesson “Stars and constellations. Star maps » Grade 11

Zodiac (1961 Valishin Yu.I.) Looking at the belt of the zodiac We will see Cancer in January, And in February we will notice Leo. His guardian was In the cold March, the evil Virgin, Leo's Neighbor in the sky on the left. Having bought a scale for themselves in April, They wanted to live in peace, But in March, the terrible Scorpio took away their peace and sleep. He was killed by the beautiful Sagittarius, The unfortunate son of the Father of June, In July, brother Capricorn saved the Lion and the Virgin's Dream, And in August Uncle Aquarius arrived for many days. From Pisces he boiled his ear in September and ate in the yard, Roasted Aries in October, slaughtered Taurus in November And in December, in the end, a pair of Gemini was born.

Task number 1 1 . Define the concepts: star, constellation, star atlas. 2. For what purpose and according to what principle in ancient times did the stars unite into constellations? What is the specificity of the modern map of the starry sky and star atlases of antiquity? 3. What is the reason and what are the features of the change in the appearance of the starry sky during the day? 4. What is the principle of constructing a map of the starry sky? 5. Consider a map of the starry sky. How are the boundaries of constellations, individual stars depicted on it? Why are some stars connected by solid lines? 6. Having studied the names of the constellations presented on the star charts, as well as having become acquainted with the own names of some stars (see Appendix III of the textbook), draw a conclusion about the reasons that led to their appearance.

Task number 2 Task 1. Find the constellations located between north and south on October 10 at 21 o'clock. Task 2. Will the constellations of Virgo, Cancer, Libra be visible at midnight on September 15? Which constellation will be near the horizon in the north at the same time? Task 3. Which of the following constellations: Ursa Minor, Bootes, Charioteer, Orion for a given latitude will be non-setting?

Reflection Today I learned... it was difficult... I realized that... I learned... I was able... it was interesting to find out what... surprised me...

Lesson summary Questions: What is a constellation? List the constellations you know. How are the stars in the constellations? Name the most bright star. Appointment of stars in antiquity. What is the reason for the change in the images of the constellations in the sky?

Homework Paragraph 3; answer the questions: Write down the definition of the concept of "illumination". How many stars can you see in the sky? What is the term for illumination in astronomy? What is it measured in? 3. Who and when first divided the stars according to the considered characteristic into six magnitudes? 4 . How does the designation of stars in the constellation depend on the brightness? Find on the PCZN the zodiac constellation under which you were born and answer the question: when can you observe it and when does it leave your field of vision?

Subject . subject of astronomy. constellations. Orientation in the starry sky.

Lesson Objectives .

Students should know:

1) a constellation is a section of the sky with established boundaries;

2) there are 88 constellations;

3) all the stars in the constellations are denoted by the letters of the Greek alphabet in descending order of brightness (the brightest also have their own names), then in letters Latin alphabet and further, if the resources of the alphabets are exhausted, they are numbered;

4) there are exceptions to the rule - the first letters of the alphabet are not the brightest stars;

5) the stars in the constellations are at different distances from the observer;

6) seven main stars of the Big Dipper;

7) the reasons for changing the contours of the constellations;

8) the position of the constellation changes during the day.

Students should be able to:

1) find the North Star in the starry sky,

2) determine the north direction by the position of the North Star,

3) determine the time of the best visibility of the constellation, stars;

4) determine the time of sunrise and sunset of the constellations.

Basic concepts . constellations. Celestial objects: stars and planets.

Demo material . Moving map of the starry sky. Planetarium. Illustrations.

Independent activity of students. Performing search tasks using electronic planetarium.

Worldview aspect of the lesson. Develop skills logical thinking students and scientific approach to the study of the world. Constellations have nothing to do with the characters of myths and legends; in fact, the constellations include stars (and other objects that students will learn about later) located on the boundaries of a certain section of the sky, and the stars in the constellations are at great distances from each other, and their “neighborhood” is apparent.

Use of new information technologies . Work with interactive electronic planetarium.

Lesson plan.

	Forms of use planetarium	Time, min	Techniques and methods
1.1. Astronomy subject			Teacher's explanation
1.2 Constellations: · definition, the order of designation of stars, the distance to the stars, constellation contour changing over time	Illustrations		Teacher's explanation
1.3 Big Bucket, finding the North Star, orientation along the sides of the horizon. Small and Big Dipper.	Illustrations, planetarium		Teacher's explanation. performance of short search tasks
1.4 Apparent change in the position of the constellations during the day.	Working with the planetarium
1.5 Determination of the time of the best visibility of stars, climax, sunrise and sunset of the stars using a moving chart of the starry sky			Independent work students
1.6 Independent work with planetarium and moving map	work with a moving map and planetarium
1.7 Homework			Writing on the teacher's board

Lesson outline.

At dawn human society When primitive production first arose, it was already necessary for nomadic tribes to navigate when moving from place to place in order to find their way to their former campsites. With the emergence of agriculture, it became necessary to keep at least a rough account of time for the regulation of agricultural work. The only thing that was, is always with us, or rather above us, is the starry sky, according to which the ancient peoples began to gradually learn to navigate the terrain and keep track of time.

Illustration: starry sky without constellation outlines

Rice. Starry sky in the region of the constellation Orion (winter sky).

“It is possible that more than three millennia ago, a Chaldean shepherd knew the starry sky better than most of us, although he believed that the earth was flat and the stars were lanterns.” "We don't often look at geographical atlas, but we can easily find dozens of countries on the map. The stars are visible every clear night, they are available for study and, as it were, defy our curiosity; however, not each of us can find and name a dozen constellations.

How can one navigate by the stars if there are a great many of them in the sky? It is easy to get confused in this abundance of bright dots. But, firstly, there are not so many stars visible to the naked eye - only about 3000, and the brightest and most interesting - about 30, and even in our hemisphere some of them are not visible at all.

Secondly, human brain is arranged in such a way that in the apparent chaos he wants to find meaningful figures. Unwittingly, we are looking for and recognize in the contours of trees, clouds, mountains, the familiar outlines of people, animals, objects. It's not just a game, but a deeply rooted property human consciousness. There is reason to believe that even at the dawn of mankind, people began to navigate among the many stars, seeing with their mind's eye the figures formed by groups of stars, which makes the task easier. Such stellar figures or combinations of stars are called constellations. In all languages ​​of the Germanic group (except English), the concept of "constellation" means literally "star picture". For example, against the background of these stars, (the teacher circles the region of the starry sky where the constellation Orion is located), the ancients drew a hunter - Orion.

Illustration: constellation Orion from the atlas of Hevelius.

But, it is logical that all the stars must be “registered” at a certain address, so it is advisable to clarify where one ends and another constellation begins. The modern boundaries and names of the constellations were approved in 1922 at the first congress of the International Astronomical Union. The entire sky was divided into 88 constellations. At present, a constellation does not mean prominent groups of bright stars, but sections of the starry sky, so that all stars (bright and weak) are classified as constellations.

Appear modern borders constellations in the starry sky.

Consider one of the brightest groups of stars in the northern hemisphere, which was identified by almost all peoples in the constellation, asterism "Big Dipper". (see article "Asterism Bucket Ursa Major")

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Name

Value

m

Distance, pc

Benetnash

Note that the distance to the stars is different, for example, the distance to the star Benetnash 101 St. g., and up to Mizar 79, however, they are projected into one area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sky and form one constellation.

Step-by-step animation "Asterism Big Dipper Ursa Major"

Generally speaking, all the stars are at different distances from the observer, and all the stars are projected into a certain part of the sky that are inside a "cone" with a complex surface, the top of which coincides with the observer's eye.

Illustration: distances to the stars of the Big Dipper.

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Step-by-step animation "Movement of the stars and changing the configuration of the constellations"

Big Bucket - component constellation Ursa Major, which has the largest size visible in the northern hemisphere - 1280 square degrees) and has 118 stars visible to the naked eye . To trace the entire constellation, you must first find the Big Dipper, then, below, three pairs of dim stars that form the paws of a bear, and mentally complete the rest.

Starry sky in the area of ​​Ursa Major. Contours of the constellation Ursa Major.

By the asterism "Big Dipper" it is easy to determine the northern direction:

2) continue this line and notice a rather bright star. This is the North Star. It is impossible not to find it - there are no other bright stars in this place.

Method for finding the North Star.

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Rotation of the starry sky. 88 constellations

If you live in the northern hemisphere in the middle latitudes, then you stand facing the Polar and in front of you is north, behind you is south, on the left is west, on the right is east.

T. to. vault of heaven rotates and makes a complete revolution in a day, then the apparent position of the constellations changes with time, some constellations rise, others set. Determine the position of this constellation in given time You can use a moving map of the starry sky or a planetarium.

Take the Movable Map. On the outer edge of the map you see sectors with the names of the months, they are adjoined by a scale with numbers indicating dates. Now look at the overlay circle. The clock is marked on the outer edge of the circle. Place the circle on the map so that the 11 p.m. mark on the circle is aligned with the date. September 2 on the map. The part of the sky that you see in the “window” is what you can observe above the horizon of 2.09 at 23:00 at the latitude of Moscow. The edge of the "window" on the overlay circle is the horizon line for the latitude of Moscow. The cardinal points are marked here. Objects in the east rise in the west - they set.

Assignment for students. Choose the same time and date at the planetarium and compare the view of the starry sky above the horizon.

1. Which star rises in the east at 6:00 am July 20 ? (a Small Dog)

Draw a mental line on the moving map connecting the points of north and south - this is the noon line. The luminaries that this moment are on the noon line, occupy their highest position above the horizon during the day, they are said to culminate.

2. Determine the time and date of the climax of b Orion.

If you rotate the overlay circle on the map, then it simulates diurnal rotation celestial sphere.

3. Is the constellation Ursa Major always visible in full? When it takes highest position over the horizon?

Independent work.

1) On the "blind map" mark the contours of the Big Dipper, Small Dipper, any other two constellations. Check out the planetarium.

2) Indicate the sides of the horizon on a blind map.

Test

1. The constellation is called...

BUT) certain figure from the stars, in which the stars are combined conditionally;

B) a section of the sky with established boundaries;

C) the volume of a cone (with a complex surface) going to infinity, the top of which coincides with the eye of the observer;

D) a group of bright stars.

2. If the stars in our Galaxy move in different directions, and the relative speed of the stars reaches thousands of kilometers per second, then we should expect that the outlines of the constellations change noticeably ...

(a) within one year; B) for centuries; B) for thousands of years

D) for a time equal to the average duration of human life;

3. North Pole the world at present...

A) coincides with the North Star;

B) is located 1 °.5 froma Ursa Minor;

C) is located near the brightest star in the entire sky - Sirius;

D) is located at a point near which there are no stars visible to the naked eye, so it can only be detected with the help of instruments.

A) Swan B) Bootes C) Leo D) Gemini

5. Identify the star culminating on 1.09 at approximately 21:00.

BUT)aLyra - Vega B)aCygnus - Deneb B)aOrla - Altair G)aCharioteer - Chapel

6. Below are the constellations that do not set beyond the horizon all year round in our latitudes. Name the exception.

A) Dragon B) Gemini C) Ursa Minor

D) Giraffe E) Cassiopeia F) Cepheus G) Lizard

7. Name a bright star rising on 05.09 4-5 am in Moscow.

BUT)a M. Psa - Procyon B)a Leo - Regulus B)a Orla - Altair

8. Name a couple of stars that point to the North Star.

A) 2-1 B) 5-4 C) 6-7 D) 5-6

9. Below are the constellations that are completely above the horizon 22 hours 1. 01 except for one. Specify this constellation.

A) Dragon B) Hounds Dogs C) Ursa Major D) M. Leo

E) Lynx F) Cancer G) Gemini H) Orion

I) Perseus C) Andromeda L) Capricorn M) Taurus H) Aries

10. Name a bright star shining in the west on 10.09 at 20 o'clock.

BUT)a Orla - Altair B)a Bootes - Arcturus

AT)a Charioteer - Chapel D)a Virgo - Spica

11. Below are the constellations that are invisible at our latitudes. Name the exception.

A) Southern crown B) Centaurus D) Sails E) Eridanus

12. Name the constellation rising on 20.09 at about 20:00.

A) Virgo B) Charioteer C) Taurus

Test Answers